Chapter 1Foundations of Electronic Commerce

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Thương mại điện tử (TMĐT) là nơi kinh doanh giao dịch diễn ra qua viễn thông mạng lưới, đặc biệt là Internet. Thương mại điện tử y mô tả việc mua và bán các sản phẩm, dịch vụ và thông tin qua máy tính mạng lưới bao gồm cả mạng Internet.

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Nội dung Text: Chapter 1Foundations of Electronic Commerce

Chapter 1 Foundations of Electronic Commerce 1 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Learning Objectives Define electronic commerce and describe its various categories Distinguish between electronic markets and inter- organizational systems Describe the benefits of electronic commerce to organizations, consumers, and society Describe the limitations of electronic commerce Understand the forces that drive the widespread use of electronic commerce Describe and discuss the changes that will be caused by electronic commerce Discuss some major managerial issues regarding electronic commerce 2 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Opening Vignettes: Intel Corp. and Happy Puppy Intel Corporation Business-to-business (B2B) products selling Customer service Purchasing from and dealing with suppliers Happy Puppy Retailing company’s games Marketing others’ games Business-to-consumers (B2C) 3 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Definitions and Content of Field Electronic Commerce (EC) is where business transactions take place via telecommunications networks, especially the Internet. Electronic commerce describes the buying and selling of products, services, and information via computer networks including the Internet. The infrastructure for EC is a networked computing environment in business, home, and government. E-Business describes the broadest definition of EC. It includes customer service and intrabusiness tasks. It is frequently used interchangeably with EC. 4 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Definitions and Content of Field (cont.) A global networked environment is known as the Internet A counterpart within organizations, is called an intranet An extranet extends intranets so that they can be accessed by business partners. 5 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Pure Vs. Partial Electronic Commerce Three dimensions the product (service) sold [physical / digital]; the process [physical / digital] the delivery agent (or intermediary) [physical / digital] Traditional commerce all dimensions are physical Pure EC all dimensions are digital Partial EC all other possibilities include a mix of digital and physical dimensions 6 © Prentice Hall, 2000
The Dimensions of Electronic Commerce The core of electronic commerce Electronic commerce areas Virtual product Digital Virtual process Product Digital process Physical Product Physical process Virtual delivery agent Physical Digital Traditional agent agent commerce 7 © Prentice Hall, 2000
The Electronic Commerce Field Figure 1.2 shows that the EC applications are supported by infrastructures, and their implementation is dependent on four major areas (shown as supporting pillars) people, public policy, technical standards and protocols, and other organizations. The EC management coordinates the applications, infrastructures, and pillars. It also includes Internet marketing and advertisement. 8 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Electronic Commerce Applications • Stocks Jobs • On-line banking • Procurement and purchasing• Malls • On-line marketing and advertising • Home shopping • Auctions • Travel • On-line publishing Public People: Technical standards Organizations: policy, Buyers, sellers, for documents, Partners, legal, and intermediaries, security, and competitors, privacy services, IS people, network protocols associations, issues and management payment government services Infrastructure (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Common business Messaging and Multimedia content Network infrastructure Interfacing services infrastructure information distribution and network (Telecom, cable TV infrastructure (security smart infrastructure publishing infrastructure wireless, Internet) (The databases, cards/authentication (EDI, e-mail, Hyper Text (HTML, JAVA, World (VAN, WAN, LAN, customers, and electronic payment, Transfer Protocol) Wide Web, VRML) Intranet, Extranet) applications) directories/catalogs) Management A Framework for Electronic Commerce © Prentice Hall, 2000 9
Electronic Markets A market is a network of interactions and relationships where information, products, services, and payments are exchanged. The market handles all the necessary transactions. An electronic market is a place where shoppers and sellers meet electronically. In electronic markets, sellers and buyers negotiate, submit bids, agree on an order, and finish the execution on- or off-line. 10 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Shopper/Purchaser Seller/Supplier Electronic commerce network (Infrastructure) Product/service information request Purchase request Purchase fulfillment request Payment or payment advice Purchase change request Electronic Market (Transaction Hander) Response to information request Response to fulfillment request Purchase acknowledgment Shipping notice Shipping notice Purchase/service delivery (if online) Payment remittance notice Payment acknowledgment Electronic transfer of funds Payment approval Electronic transfer of funds Electronic transfer of funds Shopper/Purchaser’s Bank Seller/Supplier’s Bank Transaction Handler’s Bank (Automated Clearing House) Electronic Markets 11 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Interorganization Information Systems An interorganizational information system (IOS) involves information flow among two or more organizations. Its major objective is efficient routine transaction processing, such as transmitting orders, bills, and payments using EDI or extranets. Scope: An IOS is a unified system encompassing two or several business partners. A typical IOS includes a company and its suppliers and and/or customers. 12 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Types of Interorganizational Systems Electronic data interchange (EDI) Extranets Electronic funds transfer (EFT) Integrated messaging systems Shared databases Electronically-supported supply chain management 13 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Classification of EC by the Nature of the Transactions Business-to-business Business-to-customer Intra business transactions Others Interorganizational Business to Business System Business to Customer Electronic Business to Business Commerce Intraorganizational Other 14 Classification Prentice Hall, 2000 Commerce © of Electronic © Prentice Hall, 2000
Electronic Commerce is Interdisciplinary Marketing Management information systems Computer sciences Accounting and Consumer behavior auditing and psychology Management Finance Business law and Economic ethics Production/Logistic 15 © Prentice Hall, 2000
The Benefits of Electronic Commerce Benefits to Organizations Expands the marketplace to national and international markets Decreases the cost of creating, processing, distributing, storing and retrieving paper-based information Allows reduced inventories and overhead by facilitating “pull” type supply chain management The pull type processing allows for customization of products and services which provides competitive advantage to its implementers 16 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Benefits to Organizations (cont.) Reduces the time between the outlay of capital and the receipt of products and services Supports business processes reengineering (BPR) efforts Lowers telecommunications cost - the Internet is much cheaper than value added networks (VANs) 17 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Benefits to Customers Enables customers to shop or do other transactions 24 hours a day, all year round from almost any location Provides customers with more choices Provides customers with less expensive products and services by allowing them to shop in many places and conduct quick comparisons Allows quick delivery of products and services in some cases, especially with digitized products 18 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Benefits to Customers (cont.) Customers can receive relevant and detailed information in seconds, rather than in days or weeks Makes it possible to participate in virtual auctions Allows customers to interact with other customers in electronic communities and exchange ideas as well as compare experiences Electronic commerce facilitates competition, which results in substantial discounts. 19 © Prentice Hall, 2000
Benefits to Society Enables more individuals to work at home, and to do less traveling for shopping, resulting in less traffic on the roads, and lower air pollution Allows some merchandise to be sold at lower prices benefiting the poor ones Enables people in Third World countries and rural areas to enjoy products and services which otherwise are not available to them Facilitates delivery of public services at a reduced cost,increases effectiveness, and/or improves quality 20 © Prentice Hall, 2000