10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

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1 Trnhbynidungcbncathuytkhcxhivngungc CuhinthiLutHnhchnh

canhnc. CuhiLchsNhncvphplut

Khcxhilmthcthuytmtvicconngicngthathun
NhnnhLlunNhnc
tbquyntdotnhinxydngcucsngcngng,khcxhi
chnhthnhtmttkhc,mtbnhpngcngilhpngx ntpPhplutxhichngha

hitrnccthnhvinxhithngnhtchcaccbntheoccnguyn
TngHpCuHiTrcNghimLLunNh
tccngchungsngvinhauchngsantonvtrttcax Nc
hivnminh.ycnhgilnhncdnchtinb.
CuhintpLlunPhplut

Quanhphplutdns
2 Trnhbynguynnhnraicanhnctheoquanimca
CuhinhnnhLLunPhpLut
chnghaMcLnin.(phnbitnguynnhnvccyuttcngn
sraicanhnc) Nhnnh:TrchnhimdnsvHpngdn
s
C2nguynnhnraicanhnctheoquanimcachngha
McLnin
Kinht:Xhixuthinchthu. Trang
Xhi:cgiaicpvmuthungiaicp
LegalEnglish
Tnhucuphikimchsilpcaccgiaicp,lmchocucu
Nhncvphplut
tranh ca nhng giai cp c quyn li v kinh t mu thun nhau LutDns
khnginchtiuditlnnhauvtiuditluncxhivgicho LutHnhchnh
sxungtnmtrongvngtrtt[7]tonnmtcquanquyn Nhtkcati

lccbitvchnhlnhnc.

Hnhtrnhcm
3 Nucimcaquynlcxhitrongxhicngsnnguyn
thngby(45)
thyphnbitviquynlcnhnc.
thngsu(15)
a/cimcaquynlcxhitrongxhicngsnnguynthy:
Trongxhicngsnnguynthyctdovbnhngthcs&x
hictchcrtnginnhngtntiquynlc&hthngqun Theodibingmi
lcccngviccathtcrtnginbaogm:Hingtht,ttrng
Emailaddress... Submit
&ccthlnhquns.Trttxhicngxnguynthyhnhthnhtrn
c s hot ng t chc & iu hnh ca mt h thng qun l mang
quynlcxhi,quynlccmbothchinscngch&
dotonxhitchcraphcvlichccngng.
b/Phnbitviquynlcnhnc:


Xhicngsnnguynthy
Nhnc


TntichthuvTLSX.
Xhimangtnhchtbnhng

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 1/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

Theonguyntchuytthng.
Quynlcxhi
Xuthinthu
Xuthingiaicp,><g/c,/trg/c
Theonguyntclnhth
Quynlccngcngcbit.





4 Nukhinimbnchtnhnc,phntchbnchtnhnc
(Tnh giai cp, tnh x hi mi quan h gia tnh nh nc v tnh x
hi)nunhnghanhnc.
a/Khinim:bnchtnhnclmthintngthucthngtngkin
trc, tn ti da trn mt c s kinh t nht nh l cng c duy tr s
thngtrcagiaicpnyivigiaicpkhc,lmttchcquynlcc
bit,cbmychuyntrchcngchvthchinccchcnngqun
lnhmthchinvbovlichcagiaicpthngtrtrongxhicgiai
cpikhng.
b/Phntchbnchtnhnc:c2thuctnhcbnthhintnh
giaicpvtnhxhi
+Tnhgiaicp:TheoquanimchnghaMcLninthnhncch
xuthinvtntitrongxhicgiaicpvvyxtvmtbnchtthnh
nclunmangbnchtgiaicpsusc.
Ni dung: Nh nc chnh l b my trn p (chuyn chnh) c bit
nmtrongtaycagiaicpcmquyn,lcngcscbnnhtthchin
thngtrgiaicp.Nhncxuthinnhmduytrsthngtrvmtknht
thchinquynlcchnhtr&tcngvmtttngphttrin.
Vmtquynlckinht:chophpgiaicpthngtrckh
nng bt giai cp khc ph thuc mnh v mt kinh t v giai
cpthngtrlchshuvtliusnxut.
Vmtquynlcchnhtr:chophpgiaicpthngtrckh
nngbtccgiaicpkhcphthucmnhvmtchbng
cchthitlpranhnclmttchccscmnhbolc
chuynlmnhimvcngch.
Vmtquynlcttng:chophpgiaicpthngtrbtgiai
cp khc ph thuc mnh v mt t tng, giai cp thng tr
xy dng cho mnh mt h t tng & thng qua con ng
nhnclmchohttngtrthnhchnhthngtrong
xhi.
+Tnhxhi:Bncnhvicbovlichcagiaicpthngtrthnh
nccnlcngc,phngtinduytrtrttchung&bovli
chchungcaxhi,thhinhaigc:
Gcvm:Nhnclchthchyuqunlisng
xhitrncclnhvcvkinhtchnhtrvnhaxhi
nhmmbochoxhinnh&phttrin
Gcvim:Nhnclchthchyugiiquytnhng
cngvic,lichchungcaxhi.
c/nhnghanhnc:
Nh nc l mt t chc c bit ca quyn lc chnh tr, c b my
chuyntrchcngchvqunlxhinhmthchinvbovtrc
htlichcagiaicpthngtrtrongxhicgiaicpikhng,cagiaicp

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 2/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

cngnhnvnhndnlaongdislnhocangcngsntrong
xhixhichngha.

5Nuvphntchccmilinhcanhnc.
a/Nhncvixhicgiaicp:
+Xhicgiaicplxhicnhiugiaicp,itngto
nn,cvaitrquytnhivinhnc.
+Nhnccvaitrtcngtrliivixhicgiaicp
theo2hngbngccchnhschphplutcanhnc:
Phhpviiukinkhchquanxhi:thcy
Khngphhpviiukinkhchquanxhi:kmhm
b/Nhncvicskinht:
+Cskinhtthuckintrchtng.Cvaitrquytnhi
vinhnc(vaitrbnchtcanhncphthucvocskinht).
+Nhncthuckintrcthngtng.Cvaitrtcngtr
licskinhttheo2hng:Thcyhaykmhmdavoquylutkhch
quanxhinichung,kinhtthtrngniring.
c/Nhncviccyutkhctronghthngchnhtr:Hthng
chnhtrbaogm3yut:ng(tchcchnhtrCS),Nhnc,tchc
chnhtrxhi(mttrntchc,cngon,lind9aon2laong,hiph
n,...
+Nhncvingcngsn:
ngcvaitrlnhonhnccquynhtorngiu4ca
Hinphptheo3phngthc:
ranglichtrngnhhngchoshotng
canhnc.
nglnhocngtccnb,giithiunhnschonh
nc.
ng kim tra, gim st hot ng ca c quan nh nc
bngccnghquyt(nghQuytihing,...)
Nhnctrinkhaithchinnglicangbngchnh
sch&phplutcamnh,mtkhcnhncbanhnhphplutto
rakhunkhchotchc&hotngcang.
+Nhncvitchcchnhtrxhi:
Tchcchnhtrxhicvaitrhtrhocphphncchotng
canhnc.
Nhnclpracctchcchnhtrxhi,cungcptichnhcho
cctchcnyhotng
+Nhncvphplut:cmiquanhchtch,khngth
tntithiunhauthhinquahainidung:
Vaitrcanhncviphplut:Nhncbanhnhphp
lut & m bo cho php lut c thc hin trong i sng
bngnhiubinphpmchyulbinphpcngchca
nhnc.
Vaitrcaphplutvinhnc:Quynlcnhncch
cn trin khai & thc hin c hiu qu trn c s php lut.
Nhncctchc&hotngtheophplut&tunth
phplutmtcchtrit.


6 Phntchccctrngcanhncsonhnhncvicct
chcchnhtrxhi.
a/Phntchccctrngcanhnc:c5ctrngcbn:
Nhncthitlpquynlccngcngcbit:

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 3/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

Quynlccngcngcbitcthitlpmchthcaquynlc
nylgiaicpthngtrvkinhtvchnhtr.thchinquynlcnyv
qunlxhi,nhnccmtlpngicbitchuynlmnhimv
qunl.Hthamgiavocquannhncvhnhthnhbmycngch
duytravvbovlichcagiaicpthngtr,btccgiaicpkhc
phiphcvtheochcagiaicpthngtr.Nhvy,quynlccngcng
cbitnytchkhixhi,mangtnhgiaicpsuscvchphcvcho
lichcagiaicpthngtr
Nhncclnhthvphnchiadnctheolnhth:
Lnhth,dnclccyuthnhthnhqucgia.QuynlccaNh
nccthchintrntonblnhth,nhncthchinvicphnchia
dnctheolnhththnhccnvhnhchnh,khngphthucvochnh
kin,huytthng,nghnghiphocgiitnh,Vicphnchianymbo
chohotngqunlcanhnctptrung,thngnht.Ngidncmi
quanhviNhncbngchnhquctch,chnhnyxclpsph
thuc ca cng dn vo mt nc nht nh v ngc li nh nc phi c
nhngnghavnhtnhivicngdncamnh.
Nhnccchquynqucgia:
Chquynqucgialquynticaocanhncvinivclp
vingoi.Ttcmicnhn,tchcsngtrnlnhthcancsti
uphitunthphplutcanhnc.Nhnclngiidinchnh
thc, i din v mt php l cho ton x hi v i ni v i ngoi. Ch
quynqucgiathhinquynclptquytcaNhncvnhngchnh
sch i ni v i ngoi, khng ph thuc vo lc lng bn ngoi, ch
quynqucgialthuctnhgnviNhnc.
Nhncltchcduynhtcquynbanhnhphp
lutvqunlXHbngPL:
Vi t cch l i din chnh thc cho ton x hi, l ngi thc thi
quynlccngcng,duytrtrttxhi,nhncltchcduynhtc
quynbanhnhphplutvpdngphplutqunlxhi.Phplut
do nh nc ban hnh c tnh bt buc chung v c nh nc m bo
thchinviccbinphptchc,cngch,thuytphc.
Nhnccquynquynhvthchinvicthucc
loithu:
Nhnctraccloithuvnhucunuidngbmynhnc
lpngicbittchrakhilaong,snxutthchinchcnng
qunl.Chcnhncmiccquynquynhccloithuvthu
thuvnhncltchcduynhtctcchibiuchnhthccaton
xhithchinsqunlxhi.
b/Sonhnhncvicctchcchnhtrxhi:


TchcnhNc
cxydngnhmthchinccchcnngqunltncvth
hinquynlccamnh.


Tchcchnhtrxhi
Tptrungcchotngcamnhvomcchnngcaochtlngcuc
sngbngcchnyhaycchkhc&cvaitrhtrhocphphncchot
ngcanhnc.



7Nuvtr,vaitrcanhnctronghthngchnhtr.

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 4/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

a/Vtr:
Quynlcchnhtrthhintptrungquynlcnhnc,tchcv
hotngcah
thngchnhtrvcnbnlunphidatrncscaphplutdonhnc
banhnh,hiuquhotngcahthngchnhtrphthucrtnhiuvos
cmnhvhiulcquncanhnc.

b/Vaitr:
Nhncgivaitrvcngquantrngtronghthngchnhtr,l
cng c thc hin quyn lc nhn dn, gi gn trt t k cng & bo m
cngbngxhi.Lidinchnhthccatonxhithchinccquyn
licamnhmtcchtrctip&gintipthngquancccquanidin:

Nhnccchquynticaotronglnhvcinicngnh
ingoi,c
bmyquynlcvcscmnhbomthchinquynlcchnhtrv

bovchchnhtrcanhnc.
*
Nhnccphplut,cngcchiulcnhtthitlptrttkcng,
qunlmimtisngxhi

8 TrnhbykhinimHnhthcnhncsosnhhnhthcchnh
th cng ho v chnh th qun ch so snh hnh thc chnh th
cnghoinghvqunchinghsosnhhnhthcchnhth
cnghotngthngvcnghoingh
a/khinimhnhthcnhnc:

Lcchthctchcquynlcnhnc&phngphpthchinquynlc
nhnc
C2cchthctchcquynlcnhnc:

+TheochiungangcquanhncTrungng(Lpphptrao
cho ngh vin, hnh php trao cho chnh ph, t php trao cho ta
n),lhnhthcchnhth
+Theochiudc:trinkhaiquynlcttrungngna
phnggilhnhthccutrcnhncchaicch:
*Hnhthctptrunggilcutrcnnht,(vdVitnam)
*Phnchialinbang(vdM)
b/Sosnhhnhthcchnhthcnghovchnhthqunch

Chnhthcngha Chnhthqunch
L chnh th m quyn lc ti cao ca nh
Lchnhthmquynlcticaocanh
nc tp trung mt phn hay ton b
nc thuc v mt c quan hoc t chc
trongtayngingunhnc.
cburatrongmtthigiannhtnh.
Theonguyntcthak.
Theonguyntcbuc.
Thigiannmgilsuti.
Thigiannhtnhtheonhimk.
Cncvomcnmgiquynlcca
Cncvomcnmgiquynlcca
ngingunhnc,phnlm2
ngingunhnc,phnlm2loi:
+Qytc&dnch
+Qunchtuyti&qunchhnch.

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 5/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

c/Sosnhhnhthcchnhthcnghaingh&qunchingh:

Chnhthcnghaingh Chnhthqunchingh
Tng thng do ngh vin bu ra ch l Quyn lc nh vua mang tnh cht tng
nguynthqucgia,nguhnhphpl trng hay hnh thc. (mang tnh cht ph
thtng. bin)
Nghvinthnhlpchnhph. V nguyn tc nh vu c quyn b nhim
Chnhphchutrchnhimtrcnghvin, ccquanchchnhppnhngtrnthct
khngchutrchnhimtrctngthng. victchcrachnhphthucvoktqu
Ngh vin c quyn gii tn chnh ph buccanghvin(vd:ncAnh)
nhngphicsngcatngthng. Vic k cng b lut ca nh vua cng
mangtnhtngtrngvihiphicch
kcaphth.

d/Sosnhchnhthcnghatngthngvcnghaingh:

Chnhthcnghatngthng Chnhthcnghaingh

Tngthngdoctribu,valnguyn Tng thng do ngh vin bu ra ch l

thqucgiavalnginguhnh nguyn th quc gia, ng u hnh php
phpmkhngcchcdanhthtng. lthtng.
Tngthngthnhlplnchnhph Nghvinthnhlpchnhph.
Chnh ph chu trch nhim trc tng Chnhphchutrchnhimtrcnghvin,
thng khngchutrchnhimtrctng
Tngthngkhngcquyngiitnngh Ngh vin c quyn gii tn chnh ph
vin v ngh vin cng khng c quyn nhngphicsngcatngthng
trutphtngthng.


9 Trnh by ni dung ca nguyn tc phn quyn (Tam quyn phn
lp).Phnbitvinguyntctpquyntrongnhncphongkin,
nguyn tc tp trung thng nht quyn lc trong nh nc x hi
chngha.
a/Nguyntcphnquyn:
Lquynlcnhnccphnchiathnhccbphnkhcnhau&
chiachocccquannhnckhcnhaunmgi.Cthl:lpphp
giaochonghvin,hnhphpgiaochochnhph,tphpgiaochota
n&cccquannyhotngtheonguyntckimch&itrng
lnnhau.Micquanmnhnquynlcclp,vakimsotcc
cquanquynlccnlinhmmbochoquynlcnhnclun
trongtrngthicnbngtrnhslmdngtrongqutrnhthchin
quynlcnhnc.
b/Phnbitvinguyntctpquyntrongnhncphongkin,
nguyntctptrungthngnhtquynlctrongnhncxhi
chngha.


NguyntctpquyntrongNNPhongkin

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 6/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

Quynlctptrungtrongtaymtngingunhnclvuanm
gi 3 quyn: lp php, hnh php, t php & c quyn lc ti cao, v
hn>khngmangtnhdnch&tinb
NguyntctptrungthngnhtquynlcNNXHCN
Quyn lc tp trung trong tay mt c quan nh nc, tc l tp trung
votpthngichkhngphimtngiphidonhndnbura
thhinch&nguynvngcanhndn.


10So snh cu trc nh nc n nht vi cu trc nh nc lin
bang.

Nhncnnht(VitNam) Nhnclinbang(LBHoaK)
C1chquynqucgiachung&thng C2loichquyn:chquynnhnclin
nht. bang&chquynnhncccbang.
Cngdnc1tquctch. Cngdnc02quctch(linbang&bang)
C1hthngphplutthngnht. C 02 h thng PL thng nht (lin bang &
Ch c 1 h thng c quan nh nc bang)
thngnht. C02hthngcquannhnc


11Thnolmtchchnhtrdnch?
Chchnhtrdnchlphngphpthchinquynlcnhnc
trongbomnguyntcquynlcnhncthucvnhndn(hayl
chquynnhndn)cngnhbomccquyntdovkinht,chnhtr,
vnha,xhicaconngi(haycngilquyncnngi).Chaihnh
thcthchinchchnhtrdnchl:Trctip(thngquabuc,trng
cudn),cidin.

12Nu khi nim chc nng nh nc v phn bit chc nng nh
nc v chc nng ca c quan nh nc cc cn c phn loi
chcnngnhncccyutnhhngtrctipnchcnng
nhnc
a/ Khi nim chc nng nh nc: Chc nng nh nc l nhng
phngdinhocmthotngchyucanhncnhmthchin
ccnhimvtratrcnhnc.
b/Phnbit

Chcnngnhnc Chcnngcquannhnc
Nhncc3chcnng Nh nc c t chc thnh cc c
c bn v ch ring Nh quan thc hin nhim v & chc nng
ncmic3chcnng nhnc.Tngngvi3loichcnng
ny, l lp php, hnh nhncc3loicquannhnclc
phpvtphp. quan lp php, c quan hnh php, c
+ Lp php: l hot ng quantphp.
xydngphplut,cth +Cquanlpphp:lcquanquynlc
l son tho & ban hnh nh nc, bao gm Quc hi (hoc Ngh
ccolut&nhngvn vin)&cchingaphng.
bn quy phm php lut. + C quan hnh php: l c quan hnh
Vic xy dng cc vn chnh nh nc bao gm chnh ph, cc
bn php lut, di lut b&cquanngangb,cccquantrc
gillpquy. thuc chnh ph & chnh quyn a
+Hnhphp:lhotng phng.
thi hnh, thc hin php

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 7/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

lut. +Cquantphp:baogmcccquan
+ T php: l hot ng xtx(cchthngtan)&cccquan
bovphplut kimst.
Cccquannhnccquynlcnh
nc,cnhimv,chcnngnhnc&
thm quyn theo qui nh ca php lut
(nghalchclmnhngviclutcho
php), c hnh thc hot ng theo quy
nhcaphplut.

c/Cccncphnloichcnngnhnc:
Cncvoyutphpl,chcnngnhnccchialm3
loi:chcnnglpphp,hnhphp&tphp.
Cncvovaitrcanhncphnthnhchcnnggiaicp(
bovgiaicpthngtr),chcnngxhi.
Cncvohotngcanhnccchcnngini&i
ngoi c mi quan h cht ch, tc ng, chi phi, nh hng ln
nhau
d/Ccyutnhhngtrctipnchcnngnhnc:
Bnchtnhncquynhchcnngnhnc,nhngthc
tcncnhngyutkhctcngnchcnngnhnc.Nhng
yu t lm cho chc nng nh nc tr nn a dng, phc tp to ra
nhng sc thi ring ca mi nh nc c the6e63la2 nhng yu t
khchquan,yutchquan,yutlchs,yutthii,yutni
sinh,yutngoisinh,..nhngcnhngyutdinhnhtcngtrc
tipnchcnng,lidunmnttrongcclnhvchotng
canhncl:
+Cskinht:mtronglclngsnxutlyutcch
mngnht.
+Sbinicaisngxhi:ccuxhi&phntngx
hi,svnngphttrin&thayivtr,vaitrcaccgiaicp,tng
lpdntc,tngiotrongxhi.
+Cnhn:trchnhimcanhncltoiukinchocon
ngiphttrintondinvmtcnhn,mboccquyn&tdo
cacngdnkthphihagialichcnhn&lichcngng.
+Trchnhimcanhnctrongvicxcnhvtr,vaitrca
ccchcnngivisnnh&phttrinbnvngcaxhi.
+Honcnhquct&hptcquct:tcngnspht
trin mi mt ca quc gia, c th mang tnh tch ca hay tiu cc &
thcyhaykmhmsphttrincaminc.


13Nhimvcanhnclg?yutnotcngnvichnh
thnh nhim v ca nh nc Nu mi quan h gia chc nng nh
ncvinhimvcanhnc,nhimvcacquannhnc.
a/NhimvcaNhnc:
Lnhngmctiunhnccntti,vntranhnccn
giiquyt.
Mctiulnhngktqacntcxcnhtrc,thhinch
chquan.
Vnkhchquantracncnhncgiiquyt.
b/Yuttcngnvichnhthnhnhimvcanhnc:

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 8/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

Sphttrinxhilmthayivslngvchtlngnhimv
canhnc.
Sthayicanhimvsdnnsthayichcnngcanh
nc
+Sthayicachcnng,nhimvcanhncphthucvo
nhnthccaconngi.
+Sthayicachcnng,nhimvcanhncxutphtts
chuynbincakinhtxhi.
c/ Nu mi quan h gia chc nng nh nc vi nhim v ca
nhnc,nhimvcacquannhnc:
Nhimvctrcvlcsxcnh:
+Slngchcnngcanhnc.
+Nidung,tnhchtvchcnngcanhnc.
+Hnhthcthchinchcnngcanhnc.
Chcnnglphngtinthchinnhimv:
+Mtchcnngcththchinnhiunhimv.
+Mtnhimvcththchinbinhiuchcnng.
+ Chc nng nh hng n nh hng n kh nng hon thnh
nhimv.



14 Nu mi quan h gia chc nng nh nc v bn cht nh
nc. Ti sao ni chc nng nh nc va mang tnh ch quan va
mangtnhkhchquan.
a/Miquanhgiachcnngnhncvbnchtnhnc.
Chcnngnhnccmqhtrctipvibnchtnhnc,
chcnngnhncbiuhinrabnngoithuctnhcbnbntrongca
nhnc.
Chcnngnhnclunphnnhyhaithuctnhca
nhncltnhgiaicpvtnhxhi.
Chcnngnhncchnhthnhtrnhtlbovli
chcagiaicpthngtr,tuynhinkhngchphcvchogiaicpthngtr
mcnltchcquynlccng.Lngiidinchotonxhi,vis
tinbcaxhiloingi,tnhxhicachcnngnhncngycng
tng.
Nhvy,miquanhgiachcnnglbnchtnhncl
miquanhgiahnhthcvnidung,trongchcnngnhncthuc
phmtrhnhthccnbnchtnhncthucphmtrnidung
Ni dung thay i s ko theo hnh thc thay i, v khi bn cht nh nc
thayithchcnngnhncsthayiphhpvibnchtmica
nhnc.
Tnghpccchcnngnhnchpliphnnhybnchtcanh
nc.
b/ Chc nng nh nc va mang tnh ch quan va mang tnh khch
quan
Chcnngcanhncdonhimvcanhncquynh,
thhinrntnhtbnchtvvaitrxhicanhnc,sbiuhinc
http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 9/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

th mang tnh khch quan, bi l chc nng ca nh nc c hnh

thnhmtcchkhchquanditcngchocanhimvnhnc,
ctoratccukinhtxhi,lichcbncagiaicpthngtrv
cctnglpxhikhc.
Nhncnocngthchinhotngmangtnhxhiv
trnthct,tnhxhicachcnngnhnctntimtcchkhchquan,
nmngoinhnthcchquancaconngivconngihontoncth
nhnthcy.
Chcnngnhnckhngbtbinngayckhibnchtnh
nckhngthayi
Chcnngnhncphnnhhotngcanhncc
tnhclptngitrongmqhvicskinhtxhi.
xcnhchcnng,nhimvcanhncphidatrnnhngc
s khch quan khoa hc, phi cn c vo iu kin kinh t x hi i vi
nhngnhimvcbnludi,chinlc,khixcnhnphidatrnc
skhoahcvthctin,ltnghavphictnhtondin,ckhnng
trthnhhinthc.



15Nucchnhthc,phngphpthchinchcnngcanh
nc.
a/ Hnh thc chc nng nh nc: l cch thc tin hnh thc hin
chcnngnhnc,lyutthhinthchinccchcnngnhnc.
Cn c vo yu t php l hnh thc mang tnh php l t hoc
khngmangtnhphpl:
+ Hnh thc php l: c 3 hnh thc: xy dng php lut, t chc
phplut&bovphplut.
+Hnhthctchc:lhnhthccthcahotngnhnc,
bsungcngviphngthcphplutlmchohotngcanh
nctrnnnhpnhng,ngb&hiuquhn.
b/Phngphpthchinchcnngcanhnc:
L nhng cch thc m nh nc s dng tin hnh cc hot
ngthchinchcnngnhnc.
Chaiphngphpcbnthchinchcnngnhnc:
+ Phng Php thuyt phc: l cahc1 thc theo nh nc
ng vin, khuyn khch, to iu kin cho cng dn, t chc, c
quannhncthchinmtcchtgicccnidung,yucu
tcnhngmctiunhnctra.
+ Phng Php cng ch: l cch thc m theo cc ni
dung,yucucanhnccccitngclinquanthc
hinmtcchbtbuc.Phngphpnycnidungnhncrn
e,trngtrngiviphmphplut,khngtntrngphplut,trn
trnhvicthchinnghavcamnhivingikhc&xhi.

16Nukhinimbmynhnc.Nucimcacquannh
nc.
a/Khinim:B my nh nc l h thng cc c quan nh nc t
trungngxungaphngctchc&hotngtheonhngnguyn
tcchungthngnhttothnhcchngbthchinccchcnng&
nhimvcanhnc.
b/cimcacquannhnc:Cquannhncl1tchc
cthnhlptrncsphplut&cgiaonhngnhimvquynhn

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 10/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

nhtnhnhmthchinccchcnng&nhimvcanhnc.
cim:
Ltchccthnhlptrncsphplut.
Cquynlcnhnc(ctrngcbnphnbitvicct
chckhc)
Thchinquynlcnhnctheothmquynlutnh(giihn
quynlcca1cquanNN)
Hotngcacquannhnccmbobngngnsch
nhnc.
Nhnvintrongcccquannhncphilcngdncanh
nc.

17Trnhbyccyuttrongbmynhnc(Nguynthquc
gia,nghvin(quchi),chnhph,tan):Miquanhgiaccyut
theo nguyn tc phn quyn Nguyn tc t chc v hot ng ca b
mynhnccnghagivibmynhnc.
a/Ccyuttrongbmynhnc:
+Khinimbmynhnc:
L h thng cc c quan nh nc t trung ng xung a phng
ctchctheonhngnguyntcchungthngnht,tothnhcchng
bthchinccchcnngvnhimvcanhnc.
1.Nguynthqucgia:lngingunhnc,cquynthay
mtnhncvinivingoi.
2.Nghvin(Quchi):lcquanquynlcnhnctrungng
c chc nng lp hin, lp php. Quc hi quyt nh nhng chnh sch c
bnvinivingoi,nhimvkinht,xhi,qucphng,anninhca
tnc,quytnhnhngnguyntcchyuvtchcvhotngca
b my nh nc, v quan h x hi v hot ng ca cng dn. Quc hi
thchinquyngimstticaoivitonbhotngcanhnc.
3.Chnhph:lcquanhnhphpcaonht,cvtrtrungtmtrong
bmynhnc.ChnhphchusgimstcaQuchi,chutrchnhim
vbocotrcQuchivhotngcamnh.
4.Tan:lcquantphp,cchcnngxtx,mboquynt
do,cngbngcacngdn.Tanthchinchcnngxtxdatrnc
sphplutvcvaitrbovcnglchoxhi.
b/ Mi quan h gia cc yu t ni trn theo nguyn tc phn
quyn:
Nguyntcphnquynhaycngilnguyntcphnchiaquynlcnh
ncnghalmboquyntdocacngdntrnhsctivtha
hatrongvicthchinquynlcnhnc.Quynlcnhnccphn
thnhccbphnkhcnhauvgiaochocccquannhnckhcnhau
nm gi. C th l quyn lp php giao cho Quc hi (ngh vin) nm gi,
quynhnhphpgiaochochnhphvquyntphpgiaochotan.Cc
nhnh quyn lc ny phi hot ng theo c ch km ch v i trng ln
nhau.Micquanvamnhnmtnhnhquynlcclpvakimsot
ccnhnhquynlccnlinhmmboquynlcluntrongtrngthicn
bngvkhngccquannocquynlcticao.
c/Nguyn tc t chc v hot ng ca b my nh nc: c
nghartquantrng,nchnhlbnchtcachnhnc.nctat
chc v hot ng ca b my nh nc theo nguyn tc tp quyn, mi
quynlcnhncctptrungvomtcquannhnclQuchi
v bn cht ca nh nc ta l nh nc ca nhn dn, do nhn dn v v
nhndn.Quynlcnhnclcanhndnthkhngthyquyntheo
liphnchiaccnhnhquynlcclpvitrngvinhau,iunydn

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 11/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

nccnhnhquynlckmch,tiuditlnnhautcquynlccanhn
dnkhngcbom.trongbmynhnctahinnayquchilc
quanquynlcnhncticao,cccquankhcnhChnhph,Tan
nhndnticao,Vinkimstnhndnticaoctchctrnnguyntc
pht sinh t Quc hi v phi bo co hot ng ca mnh trc Quc hi
cngnhphichuskimtra,gimsttQuchi.


18 Nu khi nim h thng chnh tr xc nh v tr ca nh nc
tronghthngchnhtr(stcngcanhncticcthnhphn
cahthngchnhtr)
a/Khi nim h thng chnh tr: H thng chnh tr l tp hp cc thit ch
chnh tr, chnh tr x hi, c mi lin h cht ch vi nhau to thnh mt
chnhththngnhtcngthamgiavovicthchinquynlcchungcax
hiquynlcchnhtr.

b/Xcnhvtrcanhnctronghthngchnhtr:

Nhnclbiuhintptrungnhtcaquynlcchnhtr

Lidincacctnglp,giaicpvnhmlichchyu
trongxhi

Lidinchnhthccatonxhi

Nhndnthchinquynlccamnhmtcchtrctipv
gintip.Thngquacccquanidin.

Nhnclcngcchyu,huhiunhtthchinquyn
lcchnhtr

Cngchnhnctrongthchinquynlcchnhtr

yphngtincsvtchtthchinquynlcchnh
tr

Ch th duy nht mang ch quyn trong quan h quc t v

chnhtr(cngphpquct).

c/Stcngcanhncticcthnhphncahthngchnh
tr.
Nhncvitcchltchcidin&bovcholichchung
ca x hi trong khi cc thnh phn khc ca h thng chnh tr i
dinchonhnggiaicp,nhngtnglp,nhngnhmcskhcnhau
vthc,avchnhtr,kinhtchnhvthtrongmiquanhvitng
thnh phn ca h thng chnh tr, nh nc lun chim u th. Tuy
nhin, cc thnh phn ca h thng chnh tr cng l mt knh, mt
phngthcbiutchvbovlichcaccthnhphncac
dntrongxhinnnhnccnmbosthamgiacacctchc
tronghthngchnhtrvocccngviccanhnc.
Dovy,cnxcnhhainidungquantrng.:
Mtl,nhnccnmbostntimtcchbnhngtrc
phplutcacctchctronghthngchnhtr.
Hail,nhnccnmbosthamgiacacctchctrongh
thngchnhtrvocccngvicnhnc.
Miquanhgianhncvngcmquyn,ccngphichnhtr:

nghochnhchinlcvnhngmctiucbn,ngli
chnhschphttrinkinhtchnhtrxhi.

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 12/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

nglngunnhnschocquannhnc,vaitrquantrng
trongvictchcquynlcnhncticao

ngkimtra,gimstvicthchinquynlcnhnc,thc
hinchtrng,nglichinhsch

Hotngtrcshinphp,phplutviulcatchc

Miquanhgianhncvcctchcchnhtrxhi.

T chc x hi l tp hp qun chng nhn dn lien kt theo

nguyn tc t nguyn nhm p ng nhng li ch ca cc thnh
vin

Hotngtrncshinphp,phplutviulcatchc

Thamgiavoqutrnhtchccquannhncvgimst
victhchinquynlcnhnctheoquynhcaphplut.

nggpkinxydngphplut,chtrng,nglichnh
schphttrincatnc.

19Phntchbnchtcanhncxhichnghanuhnhthc,
chcnng,bmyNNXHCNTisaoni:NhncXhichnghal
mtnanhnc.
Phntchbnchtcanhncxhichngha
a/PhntchbnchtnhncXHCN:c2thuctnh
Tnhgiaicp:
*NhncXHCNlbmycngcavthngtrvbovlich
cagiaicpcngnhnvnhndnlaong,mbosthngtrcaas
vithius.NNXHCNtntihaigiaicpcbnlgiaicpcngnhn&giai
cpnngdn,ccgiaicplinminhchcchvinhautrongqatrnhtchc
&thcthiquynlcnhnc,dislnhocagiaicpcngnhnv
thngnhtvinhauvlich.
* Nh nc XHCN l nh nc trong giai on qu XH c cc giai
cpnhngkhngikhng,pbcvbclt,mtkhcncchcnngxa
bmuthungiaicp,trncsthchinbnhngvkinhttinnXH
khngcnutranhvpbcgiaicp.
Tnhxhi:
*NhncXHCNcxydngtrncschcnghuivi
tliusnxut,totinvtchtchosbnhngvmtxhi,nckh
nngxabchbclt,pbcgiaicp.
*NhncXHCNtntitrncsXHrngrihn,nthhinlich
casngtrongXHlnhngngitrctiplaongtoracacichoXH.
Stnticankhngdatrnccquanhxungt,utranh,pbcgiai
cp,cxuhnggimbolc,trnp,bomansinhxhi.
b/HnhthccaNNXHCN:c4hnhthcNNXHCN
HnhthcchnhthcaNNXHCN:
Tronglchs,xuthincchnhthcphithaicaNN
XHCNnhCngxPari,CnghaXvit,Chnhthdnchnhndn.
CchnhthcnytnntngchohnhthccaccNNXHCNtrn
thgiihinnay.

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 13/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

ChnhthtrongNNXHCNcgilCnghaXHCNviccc
imsauy:
+Slnhocangcngsnivinhnctchc&hot
ngcabmynhnctdislnhocang.
+ Quyn lc nh nc c t chc theo nguyn tc tp quyn,
quynlctptrungvocquanquynlccaonhtdonhndnthnhlp.
HnhthccutrccaNNXHCN
NNXHCNtntichailoihnhthccutrcnhncnnht
vlinbang.
HnhthccutrcNNhunhkhngphnnhgvbnchtNN
do hai NN c bn cht hon ton khc nhau vn c th c s
tngngvmtcutrcNN.
ChchnhtrcaNNXHCN:lchdnchcpdng&
thchintheoccnguyntcsau:
QuynlcNNthucvnhndn.
ngCngsnlnhoiviNNvXH.
QuynlcNNlthngnht,khngphnchia.
NguyntcphpchXHCN.
Nguyntctptrungdnch.
HnhthcnhncCnghaxhichnghaVitNam:c3hnh
thc
Hnhthcchth:NhncVitNamchnhthcchnhthcng
ha dn ch nhn dn trong thi k u, cn hin nay l chnh th
cnghaxhichngha.
Hnhthccutrcnhnc:NhncVitNamlnhnc
nnht,tnhnnhtcanhncVitNamcthhinqua
ccquynhcaHinphp.
Chchnhtr:nhncCnghaxhichnghaVitNam
lchchnhtrdnch,nhndnlchthcaquynlcnh
nc,ttcquynlcnhncthucvnhndn.
c/ChcnngcaNNXHCN
BnchtdnchcaNNXHCNcthhintrongccchcnngca
NN.
ChcnnginicaNNXHCN
+Chcnngtchcvqunlkinht
Chcnngtchcvqunlkinhttptrunglmttccnhimvsau:
Chngtrongvichochnhchinlc,khoch,chnhsch
pht trin kinh t, gn cht mi quan h mt thit gia chin lc pht trin
bntrongnibqucgiaviphttrinkinhtingoi.NNphichngv
tchcchinhpkinhtquct.
NNngvaitriuhnhkinhtvm.
+ChcnngxhcaNNXHCN:ChcnngxhcaNNvalmc
tiucaccchcnngkhcvalphngtinthchinccchcnng
khc.CcchcnngcaNNXHCNquynhlnnhau,tcng,rngbuc
lnnhau,xtmtcchkhchquancthkhiqutchcnngtrn1slnh
vcsau:
.Lnhvcvnha,giodc,oto
.Lnhvckhoahccngngh
http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 14/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

.Lnhvclaong
.Lnhvctrttantonxh
.Lnhvcbovmitrng:tnhinvxh(dns,didn,
thha).
.Lnhvchnnhnvgianh
.Lnhvctngio,tnngng
.Lnhvcxaigimngho,chnhschbomxh(cutr
xh,cuixh)
.Lnhvcdchvcngcng(yt,chmscvbovsc
khe,thdcththao)
ChcnngingoicaNNXHCN
+ChcnngbovtqucXHCN
XydngCNXHgnlinvibovtqucXHCN
Tngcngtmlcscmnhqucphngvanninhcatnc.
+ChcnngmrngquanhingoivsphttrincaNN
XHCN
Nidungcachcnngthhintrnccphngdinhotngc
bnsauy:
Chngvtchcchinhpkinhtquct.
Givngchquynvtonvnlnhth,kintrthcy,giiquyt
bngthnglnghabnhcctranhchpquctviccncclinquan
trntinhthnbnhng,hiubitlnnhauvtntrnglutphpquct.
Quanhonkt,hptcviccnc.
Tothchngvchnhtrtrongcucutranhchungvquyn
conngi.
d/BmycaNNXHCN
B my NN XHCN c im c trng c bn l c t chc theo
nguyntctpquynXHCN.QuynlcNNtptrungthngnhtvotayca
cquanidin,cquannyphidonhndnburathhinnguynvng
vchcanhndn.
e/NiNNXhichnghalmtnanhnc:binhncnguyn
ngha,ngnghalnhncluntbovcsgiaicpcan,bov
lichcagiaicpthngtr,duytrtnhtrngpbcgiaicp.

20NunhngduhiucbncaNhncphpquynSosnhNh
ncphpquynviNhncphptr.

a/NhngduhiucbncaNhncphpquyn:
NhndnlchthcaquynlcNN.
Tntrngvbovquynconngi,quyncngdn.
Phplutgiavticao.
QuynlcNNctchctheonguyntcphnquyn,dngphplut
kimtravgimstquynlc.
b/SosnhNhncphpquynviNhncphptr:

Nhncphpquyn Nhncphptr
Phplutkhngphilduynht. Phplutlduynht.

http://hocvienjustice.blogspot.com/2014/07/cauhoiontaplyluannhanuoc.html 15/17
10/7/2017 CuhintpLlunNhnc|HcVinJustice

Php lut bo v quyn con ngi, Php lut bo v giai cp cm

quyncngdn. quyn.
Nhn dn c quyn tham gia vo qu Nhndnkhngcquyn.
trnhlmlut. Cngch.
Giodc,thuytphc,khngcmi
thchincngch.

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