Tadmor-Palmyra, an ancient city located in an oasis in the middle of Syrian dry steppe (commonly known as Syrian Desert), has a long occupation history from the Bronze Age to modern times. Double naming shows the city's multicultural background. Tadmor is the original Aramaic name of the place, while Palmyra was used by Greeks and Romans. These two names are not exactly a translation. Pliny the Elder in his Historia Naturalis described Palmyra, that it was situated between two empires: Roman and Parthian and grew up on the rich soil. Being between two empires required great diplomatic skills, which the Palmyrenes mastered in their long distance trade, sending caravans to Spasinou-Charax, ships to India and Arabia, etc. The trade and particular situation of Palmyra on the geopolitical arena, being long independent, resulted in urban development and the appearance of monumental architecture: columned streets, theater, monumental tombs (tower-tombs, hypogeas and funerary temples) and temples. Palmyra also had an advanced epigraphic culture. The city provides about 3000 inscriptions of different sorts: honorific, funerary, religious, etc. written mostly in the local dialect of Aramaic, but also many texts in Greek and only a few in Latin. The city provides an important material culture: epigraphical, iconographical and archaeological remains concerning the gods and their worship. About 40 divine names and titles are known through the written sources from Palmyra. Palmyrenes show themselves in the sources as multicultural society worshipping the deities of various origins: Mesopotamian, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Arabic. The divine protector of Palmyra was Bel, the Lord of Universe and Fate (of Mesopotamian origins), having the largest temple in the city, the ruins of which were destroyed in 2015 by terrorists. It hosted not only a temple devoted to Palmyrene gods, as it was labelled in the inscriptions, but later also a church and a mosque. The temenos was until 1930' literally a house of Tadmoreans, where a modern village was located. Second in size, was the temple of Ba'alshamin, the storm god. Beside these two, there were also temples of the goddess Allat, of the god Nabu (or Nebo), of Arsu, of Belhammon and Manawat, of Rabbaseire, of Yarhibol, of Aglibol and Malakbel (so-called Sacred Garden) and of Atargatis. However, the latter was never discovered and is only attested in the inscriptions. In the Late Antiquity, Palmyra was a bishop's seat and had at least 6 churches.

We show that the direct product of maps with Young towers admits a Young tower whose return times decay at a rate which is bounded above by the slowest of the rates of decay of the return times of the component maps. An application of this result, together with other results in the literature, yields various statistical properties for the direct product of various classes of systems, including Lorenz-like maps, multimodal maps, piecewise C^2 interval maps with critical points and singularities, Hénon maps and partially hyperbolic systems.

As condições de saúde bucal no grupo populacional com 60 anos ou mais é estudada, na cidade de São Paulo em 1989. Com base em dados referentes à cárie dental, doenças periodontais, necessidade e uso de prótese e prevalência de alterações em tecidos duros e moles, conclui-se que este grupo apresenta um nível muito precário de saúde bucal. Recomenda-se a definição de política e de programas odontológicos específicos para a terceira idade.

This paper describes a new and efficient method for quantifying and detection of the source of distortion caused by a single customer in a case when many other customers exist in a power grid. It is based on measuring distortion power, a component of apparent power that only exists with a nonlinear load. Different definitions for distortion power calculation are investigated. All these definitions show without doubt that the proposed method is feasible. Moreover, this method allows to develop fair and reliable billing schemes for controlling harmonic pollution. Measurement and simulation results confirm the effectiveness and applicability of the method. The proposed solution is suitable for software/hardware upgrade of existing electronic power-meters.

Es fundamental que el profesorado conozca distintas estrategias para el desarrollo de competencias cientificas en sus estudiantes, y la formulacion de buenas preguntas se instala como una necesidad emanada de las bases curriculares de 2013. En este articulo se expone una propuesta didactica que demuestra como, a partir de una actividad que utiliza una situacion problema, se promueve la elaboracion de buenas preguntas en el estudiantado de primer ano medio, durante una clase enmarcada en la Unidad Didactica de Estructura y Funcion de la Membrana Plasmatica. Los resultados indican que las preguntas abiertas superan a las preguntas cerradas despues de la ensenanza, y que las preguntas abiertas formuladas transitan desde los niveles cognitivos mas sencillos a niveles cognitivos mas complejos en ambos cursos estudiados.