GIO TRNH QUN TR MNG

GV: Nguyn Kha Click to edit Minh Master subtitle style Mail: it.nmkha@gmail.com

Chng 1: Tng quan Mng my tnh

Khi nim v mng my tnh. Tng quan m hnh tham chiu OSI.

Tn cc lp ca m hnh tham chiu OSI. Vai tr cc lp trong m hnh tham chiu OSI. Vai tr ca m hnh tham chiu OSI M t qu trnh ng gi d liu. M t gi tin i qua thit b mng.

Tng quan v TCP/IP. Phn bit m hnh OSI v TCP/IP.

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1. Khi nim v mng my tnh

Mng my tnh l mt tp hp cc my tnh c ni vi nhau bi ng truyn theo mt cu trc no v thng qua cc my tnh trao i thng tin qua li cho nhau. Phn loi mng my tnh

Theo k thut truyn tin: Mng qung b v mng im ni im. Theo phm vi a l{: LAN, MAN, WAN

1.1 Theo k thut truyn tin

Theo k thut truyn tin: Mng qung b v mng im ni im.

Mng qung b: Tt c cc my trn mng s dng chung ng truyn. Khi mt my gi tin, n s gi n tt c cc my trn mng. Ti mt thi im ch c mt my c php s dng knh truyn. Mng im ni im: Cc my tnh ni vi nhau thnh tng cp. Thng tin s c gi t my truyn n my nhn trc tip hay thng qua cc host trung gian.

1.2 Phn theo phm vi a l

Mng cc b LAN (Local area network) Mng th MAN (Metropolitan area network) Mng din rng WAN (Wire area network)

Ni cc my tnh trong phm vi mt vn phng, mt c quan nh. S lng my t vi trc n vi trm. Khong cch xa nht gia cc my khong vi trm mt. Tc truyn d liu cao. C cc kiu cu trc: Bus, Start, Ring, kt hp Xy dng nhm mc ch chia s d liu, gia cc my tnh, chia s ti nguyn: my in mu, DVD/ DVD-RW

1.2.1 Mng cc b (Local Area Network)

1.2.2 Mng th (Metropolitan Area Network)

c lp t trong phm vi mt th hay mt trung tm kinh t. Khong cch ni kt khong vi n vi chc km. K thut lp t v gi thnh cao hn LAN.

Click to edit the outline text format

Second Outline Level

Third Outline Level

Fourth Outline Level Fifth Outline Level Sixth

1.2.3 Mng din rng (Wide Area Network)

C th ph mt phm vi rng ln, xuyn quc gia, chu lc. Thng thng kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua mng vin thng. c hnh thnh t nhiu LAN, MAN hp li. WAN c chia thnh 2 loi:

Enterprise WAN: dng cho B, ngnh WAN cng cng: dng cho cng ng.

2. M hnh tham chiu OSI

Open Systems Interconnection

Lch s pht trin ca m hnh OSI. Tn 7 lp ca m hnh OSI. Vai tr ca m hnh OSI. Qu trnh ng gi d liu.

2.1 Lch s pht trin

S pht trin ln mnh ca cc LAN, WAN dn n vn nhu cu kt ni gia cc LAN vi nhau. Cc nh pht trin mng pht trin cc h thng c quyn nh: DECNET, SNA, TCP/IP. Cc h thng ny s dng cc chun khc nhau, qui tc giao tip khc nhau nn khng th giao tip c vi nhau.

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2.1 Lch s pht trin

Nhm gii quyt vn khng tng thch ca cc mng t chc ISO tham kho cc m hnh nh: DECNET, SNA, TCP/IP a ra m hnh tham chiu OSI. M hnh tham chiu OSI gip cho cc nh pht trin mng khc nhau c th to ra cc mng ring ca mnh nhng vn m bo lin kt hot ng vi cc mng khc.

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2.1 Lch s pht trin

SNA ???M hnh chun

TCP/IP

DECNET
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2.2 Tn 7 lp ca m hnh tham chiu OSI

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2.2.1 Tng ng dng (Tng 7)

L lp gn vi ngi dng nht. Cung cp cc dch v, cc ng dng cho ngi dng. Cc chng trnh ng dng nh: Email, Chat, Trnh duyt Web, hot ng ti lp ny. iu khc bit tng ny l, n khng cung cp dch v cho bt kz mt tng no ca OSI (ngoi tr tng ng dng ). Cc ng dng m tng ny cung cp nh cc chng trnh x l{ k{ t, bng biu, th tn, tng ng vi cc dch v h tr: HTTP, FTP, DNS, SNMP SMTP, POP3, Telnet
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2.2.2 Tng trnh bi (Tng 6)

a ra cc qui tc nh dng d liu chuyn i cc thng tin t c php ngi s dng sang c php lnh truyn d liu qua mng, ngoi ra n c th nn d liu truyn v m ho chng trc khi truyn bo mt. Ni n gin hn tng ny s nh dng d liu t tng 7 gi xung, cc chun nh dng ca tng ny l: Gif, JPG, MP3, Text.

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2.2.3 Tng phin (Tng 5)

Thit lp v qun l{ vic kt cc phin thng tin gia hai ch th truyn v nhn. Cung cp dch v cho tng trnh bi. Qun l{ cc phin giao dch gia hai ch th truyn v nhn.

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2.2.4 Tng vn chuyn (Tng 4)

Tng vn chuyn xc nh a ch trn mng, cch thc chuyn giao gi tin trn c s gia hai u mt, m bo truyn tin cy gia hai my u cui (end to end). m bo vic truyn nh trn mng, tng vn chuyn thng nh s cc gi tin v m bo chng truyn theo ng th t. Tng vn chuyn cn c chc nng iu khin lung v kim sot li. Cc giao thc hot ng tng ny l: TCP, UDP.
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2.2.5 Tng mng (Tng 3)

Tng mng c nhim v xc nh vic chuyn hng,vch ng cc gi tin trong mng (chc nng nh tuyn), cc gi tin ny c th i qua nhiu chng trc khi n c ch cui cng. Tng mng l tng lin quan n cc a ch logic trong mng. Cc giao thc thng c s dng tng ny l: IP, RIP, IPX, Apple Talk.

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2.2.6 Tng lin kt d liu (Tng 2)

Tng Data Link c nhim v xc nh c ch truy cp thng tin trn mng, cc dng thc chung trong cc gi tin, ng gi v phn pht gi tin (di dng Frame). Tng DataLink c lin quan n a ch vt l{ (MAC address) ca cc thit b mng, topo mng, truy cp mng, c cc c ch sa cha li v iu khin lung.

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2.2.7 Tng vt l (Tng 1)

L tng thp nht ca m hnh tham chiu OSI, C chc nng truyn dng bit khng c cu trc qua ng truyn vt l{ . Cung cp cc chun v in, dy cp, u ni, k thut ni mch in, in p, tc cp truyn dn, giao din kt ni v cc mc kt ni.

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Ti sao phi phn tng???

Tch hot ng thng tin mng thnh cc phn nh, n gin. Chun ho cc thnh phn mng cho php pht trin mt mng t nhiu nh cung cp sn phm. Cho php cc loi sn phm phn mm, phn cng khc nhau c th thng tin c vi nhau. Ngn chn tnh trng s thay i ca tng ny nh hng n tng khc.

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Cc giao thc lm vic tng ng cc tng.

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Gip cho cc nh sn xut khc nhau, to ra cc thit b mng khc nhau, cc thit bi ny c th giao tip c vi nhau. M hnh OSI cho php chng ta nhn ra c cc chc nng din ra ti mi lp mng. L khun mu gip chng ta hiu thng tin xuyn qua mt mng nh th no.

2.3 Vai tr m hnh tham chiu OSI

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Cc thit b mng hot ng tng ng cc tng.

Router NIC, Bridge, Switch

Repeater, Hub, NIC, Cable

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Lung d liu c nh dng qua cc tng.

Encapsulation

Dencapsulation

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2.4 Qu trnh ng gi d liu

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2.4 Qu trnh ng gi d liu

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2.5 M t gi tin i qua thit b mng.

Qua trnh lm vic ca gi tin qua thit b tng ng vi cc tng 28

3. Gii thiu b giao thc TCP/IP.

u nhng nm 1980, mt b giao thc mi c a ra lm giao thc chun cho mng ARPANET v cc mng ca DoD mang tn DARPA Internet protocol suit, thng c gi l b giao thc TCP/IP hay cn gi tt l TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).

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Kin trc b giao thc TCP/IP.

B giao thc TCP/IP c phn lm 4 tng.

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Tng ng dng (Application Layer)

Cung cp cc ng dng gii quyt s c mng, vn chuyn file, iu khin t xa, v cc hot ng Internet. ng thi h tr Giao din Lp trnh ng dng (API) mng, cho php cc chng trnh c thit k cho mt h iu hnh no c th truy cp mng.

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Cc giao thc lm vic ti tng ng dng (Application Layer)

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Tng vn chuyn (Transport Layer)

Gip kim sot lung d liu, kim tra li v xc nhn cc dch v cho lin mng. ng vai tr giao din cho cc ng dng mng.

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Tng internet (Internet Layer)

Cung cp a ch logic, c lp vi phn cng, d liu c giao thng v h tr vic vn chuyn lin mng. Thut ng lin mng c dng cp n cc th lt qua cc tiu mng c cu trc vt l{ khc nhau. Cung cp chc nng nh tuyn giao lu lng mng rng ln hn, kt ni t nhiu LAN. To s gn kt gia a ch vt l{ v a ch logic.
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Cc giao thc hot ng ti tng mng (Internet Layer)

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Cung cp giao din tng tc vi mng vt l{. Format d liu cho b phn truyn ti trung gian v to a ch d liu cho cc tiu mng da trn a ch phn cng vt l{. Cung cp vic kim tra li trong qu trnh truyn d liu.

Tng truy cp mng (Network Access Layer)

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Cc giao thc hot ng tng ng vi cc tng TCP/IP.

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Cc giao thc hot ng tng ng vi cc tng TCP/IP.

FTP (File transfer Protocol): Giao thc truyn tp cho php ngi dng ly hoc gi tp ti mt my khc. Telnet: Chng trnh m phng thit b u cui cho php ngi dng login vo mt my ch t mt my tnh no trn mng. DNS (Domain Name server): Dch v tn min cho php nhn ra my tnh t mt tn min thay cho chui a ch Internet kh nh.

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Cc giao thc hot ng tng ng vi cc tng TCP/IP.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Mt giao thc th tn in t. SNMP (Simple Network Monitoring Protocol): Giao thc qun tr mng cung cp nhng cng c qun tr mng t xa. RIP (Routing Internet Protocol): Giao thc dn ng ng. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Nghi thc thng bo li.

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Cc giao thc hot ng tng ng vi cc tng TCP/IP.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Giao thc truyn khng kt ni cung cp dch v truyn khng tin cy nhng tit kim chi ph truyn. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Giao thc hng kt ni cung cp dch v truyn thng tin tng. IP (Internet Protocol): Giao thc Internet chuyn giao cc gi tin qua cc my tnh n ch. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): C ch chuyn a ch TCP/IP thnh a ch vt l{ ca cc thit b mng.

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4. So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Application

Transport Internet Network access

OSI TCP/IP
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4. So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Ging nhau

C 2 u phn lp. C 2 u c lp ng dng, qua chng c nhiu dch v khc nhau. C 2 u c lp mng v lp vn chuyn. K thut chuyn mch gi c chp nhn. Chuyn vin qun tr mng u phi bit c 2
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4. So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Khc nhau

TCP/IP tp hp cc lp Presentation v lp Session vo lp Application TCP/IP tp hp cc lp Physical v Data link thnh mt vi tn gi l Network access. TCP/IP n gin hn v n c ch lp hn. TCP/IP l chun pht trin Internet nh vo tp hp cc giao thc ca n.
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n tp chng 1

Cc kin thc cn nm:

Mng my tnh l g? M hnh tham chiu OSI, v vai tr ca cc tng? Vai tr ca m hnh tham chiu OSI? M hnh TCP/IP, vai tr ca cc tng? Phn bit m hnh TCP/IP v m hnh OSI?

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2. a ch IP v k thut chia mng con

Tng quan v a ch IP (version 4). K thut chia mng con.

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2.1 Tng quan v a ch IP (version 4)

Cu trc a ch IP v4 Cc lp a ch IP v4 a ch qung b (Broadcast address) a ch subnet mask a ch ng mng

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Cu trc a ch IP (v4)

Mt a ch IP v4 c chiu di 32 bit. c chia ra 4 phn bng nhau mi phn 8 bit tng ng 1 byte (gi l 1 octet). Gi tr nh nht ca mi octet l 0 v ln nht l 255 Mi octet ngn cch nhau bi du chm (.) 10101010.10101101.10101111.10110010 Trn thc t d s dng cc octet c chuyn sang h thp phn V d: 192.168.1.1
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 47

Cu trc a ch IP (v4)
Cu trc chung
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

Class bit

Net ID

Host ID

- Net ID: a ch ca mng - Host ID: a ch ca host - Class bit: Nhn dng a ch IP thuc lp no
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Cc lp a ch IP (v4) a ch IP c chia thnh 5 lp: A B C D E Cc a ch IP ging nhau v Class bit s cng mt lp Lu : Class bit l tp cc bit lin tc c tnh t bn tri qua ca Octet th nht.

Lp Classbit

A
0

B 10

C 110

D 1110

E 11110
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Cc lp a ch IP (v4) 0xxxxxxx Net ID xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Host ID

Lp A xxxxxxxx

Dy cc a ch thuc lp A 00000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 01111111 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

Dy a ch IP thuc lp A l: 0.x.x.x n 127.x.x.x (Khng s dng 127)

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Cc lp a ch IP (v4) 10xxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

Lp B xxxxxxxx

Net ID

Host ID

Dy cc a ch thuc lp B
10000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

10111111 xxxxxxxx

Dy a ch IP thuc lp B l:
128.x.x.x n 191.x.x.x
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Cc lp a ch IP (v4) 110xxxxx xxxxxxxx Net ID Dy cc a ch thuc lp C xxxxxxxx

Lp C xxxxxxxx Host ID

11000000
11011111

xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxx

Dy a ch IP thuc lp C l:
192.x.x.x n 223.x.x.x
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Cc lp a ch IP (v4) 1110xxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

Lp D xxxxxxxx

Dy cc a ch thuc lp D 11100000 11101111 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

Dy a ch IP thuc lp D l:

224.x.x.x n 239.x.x.x
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Cc lp a ch IP (v4) 11110xxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

Lp E xxxxxxxx

Dy cc a ch thuc lp E
11110000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx

11110111

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxx

Dy a ch IP thuc lp E l:

240.x.x.x n 247.x.x.x
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Bng tng hp a ch IP(v4) cc lp

Class A B C 8 bit Net N N 8 bit Host N N 8 bit H H N 8 bit H H H

Class
Class-bit Count Net Host/net

A
0 224

B
10 216

C
110 28

D
1110

E
11110

128 64*28 32*216

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a ch qung b (Broadcast address)

L a ch c tt c cc bit phn host l 1 Tt c cc my tnh s nhn gi d liu nu d liu c gi n a ch Broadcast V d: 192.168.1.255

131.168.255.255

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a ch Subnet mask

c gi l mt n mng con L a ch c tt c cc bit phn net l 1 v tt c cc bit phn host l 0 Mc nh nu khng chia subnet th subnet mask ca a ch lp A l 255.0.0.0 v B l 255.255.0.0 v C l 255.255.255.0 V d:

a ch 192.168.1.1 s c subnet mask l 255.255.255.0

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a ch ng mng

L a ch c tt c cc bit phn host l 0. Cc host c a ch phn net ging nhau s nm cng ng mng. a ch ng mng s t to khi c IP cho cc host.

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Tng quan a ch vt l (MAC)

L a ch nm trn card mng. a ch vt l ca mi card mng l khc nhau. Gm 6 byte - 3 byte u l a ch ca nh sn xut 3 byte cui l a ch card mng. a ch ny c nh sn xut ghi vo chp trc khi xut xng. c vit di dng s thp lc phn (Hexa) a ch MAC c dng 0000.0c12.3456 hay 00-00-0c-12-34-45 xem a ch MAC ca card mng ta dng lnh: Ipconfig /all trong ca s MS DOS
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K thut chia mng con ( chia subnet)

Ti sao phi chia Subnet?

D qun l{. D bo tr. D lp c. Ly mt s bit (bn tri) phn host to a ch mng con. Ly bao nhiu bit l ty thuc vo s mng con m nh khai thc mng mun to ra. S ng mng con (subnet) =2n S host trn mt subnet l 2(m-n)
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Nguyn tc chung:

Nu ly n bit ca m bit host ta s c:

V d k thut chia subnet

V d: S dng k thut chia subnet chia mt ng mng (net) c a ch 192.168.1.0 c th s dng t nht 5 ng mng con Bi lm: ng mng thuc lp C nn ta c m= 8 Mn 3 bit phn host ta c n=3 S mng con=23 =8 S host trn cng subnet=25=32

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Danh sch cc subnet sau khi chia

Net ID 192 192 168 168 1 1 000 000 Host ID 00000 11111 192 192 192 192 Net ID 168 168 168 168 1 1 1 1 Host ID 110 110 111 111 00000 11111 00000 11111

192
192 192 192 192 192 192

168
168 168 168 168 168 168

1
1 1 1 1 1 1

001
001 010 010 011 011 100

00000
11111 00000 11111 00000 11111 00000

192
192 192

168
168 168

1
1 1

100
101 101

11111
00000 11111

Kt qu: 192.168.1.00 - 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 - 192.168.1.63 . 192.168.1.224-192.168.1.255 Subnet mask 255.255.255.224

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Bi tp k thut chia subnet

Bi tp 1: S dng k thut chia subnet chia mt ng mng (net) c a ch 172.168.0.0 vi 8 bit c chn. Hi c bao nhiu subnet c to v mi subnet c bao nhiu host? Bi tp 2: S dng k thut chia subnet chia mt ng mng (net) c a ch 92.0.0.0 vi 7 bit c chn. Hi c bao nhiu subnet c to v mi subnet c bao nhiu host?
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Bi tp k thut chia subnet

Bi tp 3: S dng k thut chia subnet chia mt ng mng (net) c a ch 172.168.0.0 vi 3 bit c chn. Lit k tt c cc subnet, cc host trn mi subnet v subnetmask ca cc ng mng con . Bi tp 4: S dng k thut chia subnet chia mt ng mng (net) c a ch 12.0.0.0 sau cho c th to ra c t nht 50 subnet. Lit k tt c cc subnet v cc host trn mi subnet
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Bi tp k thut chia subnet

Bi tp 5: Trung tm tin hc HKH TN c 289 my tnh. Trung tm cn chia h thng mng ra thnh 9 ng mng con. Bn hy s dng k thut chia subnet gip trung tm tnh danh mc IP cho cc ng mng con ! Bi tp 6: Trng HSP ng Thp c s lng my tnh trn 700 my. C tt c 17 khoa.

Khoa CNTT c ~ 150 my Khoa Vt L c ~ 100 my Cc khoa cn li c ~ 50 my

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Bi tp k thut chia subnet

Trng ang s dng mt ng mng thuc lp C l 192.168.1.0.

L mt nhn vin qun tr mng bn c nhn xt g? Nu bn l ngi qun tr h thng mng trn. Bn s s dng ng mng g? Ti sao? Bn ng dng k thut chia subnet cho ng mng trn im no? Ti sao phi chia subnet? Hy thit lp cc ng mng khi chia subnet v dy IP trong mi ng mng con p ng nhu cu trn!
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n tp chng 2

Cu trc a ch IP version4, cc lp a ch IP version 4? a ch qung b, a ch ng mng, subnet mask? Nm vng cc bc chia subnet?

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Chng 3. Cc thit b mng

Gii thiu cc thit b kt ni mng.

Cc loi card mng. Hub, swich, router, modem mt s tnh nng c bn. Cp mng v cc thit b lin quan.

Mt s kiu ni mng thng dng v cc chun. Bi tp thc hnh: u cp xon i s dng u RJ45.

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Cc thit b mng trong LAN

NIC Repeater Hub Bridge Switch Router Modem Cable

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Card mng (Network Interface Card)

Cn c gi l NIC (Card giao tip mng, Network Interface Card) c lp t trong mi my tnh trong mng cc b. Chc nng chnh l chuyn d liu t my tnh ra cp mng v ngc li nhn d liu t cp mng vo my tnh. iu ny chnh l s chuyn i t tn hiu s sang tn hiu in hoc quang c truyn dn trn cp mng. ng thi n thc hin chc nng l t hp d liu thnh cc gi v 70 xc nh

Card mng

u ni BNC

Cp ng trc

u ni ch T
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Card mng
NIC for PCI

RJ45

UTP, AMP, STP, ScTP 72

Card mng

Planet NIC Card PCMCIA. for Notebook

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Card mng khng dy (wireless)

NIC PCMCIA for Notebook

NIC For PCI

NIC For USB 74

M hnh mng wireless

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Repeater

Repeater l loi thit b phn cng n gin nht trong cc thit b lin kt mng Hot ng trong tng vt l{ ca m hnh OSI. Repeater dng ni 2 mng ging nhau hoc cc phn mt mng cng c mt nghi thc v mt cu hnh. Khi Repeater nhn c mt tn hiu t mt pha ca mng th n s pht tip vo pha kia 76 ca mng.

Repeater

Repeater khng c x l{ tn hiu m n ch loi b cc tn hiu mo, nhiu, khuch i tn hiu b suy hao (v c pht vi khong cch xa) v khi phc li tn hiu ban u. Vic s dng Repeater lm tng thm chiu di ca mng.
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Kt ni hai h thng LAN

>100 m

LAN 2

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Hub
Hub

Thng c gi l mt repeater Multiport (nhiu cng) Hot ng tng 1 ca m hnh OSI C y tnh nng ca mt repeater Hub thng c dng ni mng, thng qua nhng u cm ca n ngi ta lin kt vi cc my tnh di dng hnh sao. Khi nhn c gi tin Hub s truyn ra tt c 79 cc port ca n

Kt ni cc my vo Hub

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Bridge
Bridge

Bridge l mt thit b c x l{ dng ni hai mng ging nhau hoc khc nhau. Bridge hot ng trn tng lin kt d liu. Khi nhn c cc gi tin Bridge chn lc v ch chuyn nhng gi tin m n thy cn thit.

81

Kt ni hai h thng LAN

LAN 2

82

Switch
Swich

Cn c gi l Bridge a port. Swich hot ng trn tng lin kt d liu. Khi nhn c cc gi tin Swich s chn lc v chuyn nhng gi tin ra cc port ng vi my nhn. Trn RAM ca switch lun duy tr mt bng chuyn mch tng ng vi a ch MAC ca cc
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Kt ni cc my tnh vo Switch

84

Qu trnh chuyn d liu trong Switch

85

Gii thut hc a ch trong Switch

Nu tm thy a ch MAC ca khung d liu th gi ra port tng ng. Lu a ch MAC ngun v port tng ng nu a ch ny cha c hc Nu khng tm thy a ch MAC ca khung d liu th gi ra tt c cc port trn switch. Lu a ch MAC ngun v port tng ng nu a ch ny cha c hc Qu trnh ny c tip tc cho n khi hc tt c cc my trong h thng mng
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Router
Router

Router l mt thit b hot ng trn tng mng Tm c ng i tt nht cho cc gi tin qua nhiu kt ni i t trm gi thuc mng u n trm nhn thuc mng cui. Router c s dng trong vic ni nhiu mng vi nhau v cho php cc gi tin c th i theo nhiu ng khc nhau ti ch.
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Kt ni ng mng khc nhau

192.168.2.0

192.168.3.0
88

Modem

L thit b c chc nng chuyn i tn hiu s thnh tn hiu tng t v ngc li, kt ni cc my tnh qua ng in thoi. Cho php trao i th in t, truyn tp, truyn fax v trao i d liu theo yu cu.

89

Kt ni Intenet thng qua modem

90

Cable

ng cp truyn mng l c s h tng ca mt h thng mng, nn n rt quan trng v nh hng rt nhiu n kh nng hot ng ca mng. Hin nay ngi ta thng dng 3 loi dy cp l cp xon cp, cp ng trc v cp quang.

91

Cable ng trc

Cp ng trc c hai ng dy dn v chng c cng mt trc chung Mt dy dn trung tm (thng l dy ng cng) ng dy cn li to thnh ng ng bao xung quanh dy dn trung tm (dy dn ny c th l dy bn kim loi v v n c chc nng chng nhiu nn cn gi l lp bc kim) Gia hai dy dn trn c mt lp cch ly, v bn ngoi cng l lp v plastic bo v cp.
92

Cable ng trc

Cp ng trc c chia lm 2 loi:

ng trc mnh ng trc dy

Mnh
Bng ng, ng kn 5mm 185m c

Bng c t
Cable
Chi tit Chiu di ti a Chy 10 Mbit/s

Dy
Bng ng, ng kn 10mm 500m c

Chy 100 Mbit/s Chng nhiu

Khng Tt

Khng Rt tt Trung bnh

93

Chi ph cho 1 trm Thp

ng dng tt nht ng backbone ng backbone trong t mng

STP Cable

Thng s k thut

94

ScTP Cable

Thng s k thut

95

UTP Cable

Thng s k thut

96

Cp quang

Dng truyn cc xung nh sng trong lng mt si thu tinh phn x ton phn. Mi trng cp quang rt l{ tng v:

Xung nh sng c th i hng trm km m khng gim cung sng. Gii thng rt cao v tn s nh sng dng i vi cp quang c khong 1014 1016 Khng b nhiu in t

Ch c hai nhc im l kh ni dy v gi thnh cao.

97

Cp quang

98

RJ45 Plug

99

Cc chun bm Cable 10-100BaseT

100

Cc chun bm Cable chun Gigabit

101

Bm cp thng v cp cho

Bm thng (Straight-though cable): Hai u dy bm cng chun Bm cho (Cross-over cable): Hai u dy bm khc chun
Straight-though cable - Switch to Router - Switch to PC - Hub to PC Cross-over cable - Swich to Swich - Swich to Hub - Hub to Hub - Router to Router - PC to PC - Router to PC
102

Cc chun bm Cable

103

Mt s kiu ni mng thng dng v cc chun

Cc thnh phn thng thng trn mt mng cc b gm c:

Cc my ch cung cp dch v (server) Cc my trm cho ngi lm vic (workstation) ng truyn (cp ni) Card giao tip gia my tnh v ng truyn (network interface card) Cc thit b ni (connection device)

104

M hnh LAN (Topology LAN)

105

Mt s kiu ni mng thng dng v cc chun

Hai yu t c quan tm hng u khi kt ni mng cc b l tc trong mng v bn kn mng. Sau y l mt s kiu kt ni thng dng

106

Kiu 10BASE5

L chun CSMA/CD c tc 10Mb v bn knh 500 m. Kiu ny dng cp ng trc loi thick ethernet (cp ng trc bo) vi tranceiver. C th kt ni vo mng khong 100 my c im:

107

Thng s k thut kiu 10BASE5

108

S mng theo kiu 10Base5

109

S mng theo kiu 10Base5

110

Kiu 10BASE2

L chun CSMA/CD c tc 10Mb v bn knh 200 m. Kiu ny dng cp ng trc loi thin ethernet vi u ni BNC. C th kt ni vo mng khong 30 my Thng s k thut

111

Thng s k thut kiu10BASE2

112

Kiu 10BASE2

u ni BNC

u ni ch T

Cp ng trc v u ni BNC NIC

113

Kiu 10BASE-T

L kiu ni dng HUB c cc u kt ni RJ45 cho cc cp UTP. Ta c th m rng mng bng cch tng s HUB, tuy nhin vng ng s tng ln dn n h thng mng hot ng khng hiu qu.

114

Kiu 100BASE-T

L kiu ni dng Switch( hoc HUB thng minh) c cc u kt ni RJ45 cho cc cp UTP. Ta c th m rng mng bng cch tng s Switch.

115

Kiu Gigabit

Kiu 1000BASE-T

Tc hot ng 1000 Mbps. Dng cp UTP khong cch ti a t my tnh n thit b tp trung l 100m. S dng switch c h tr cng ngh gigabit.

Kiu 1000BASE-CX

Tc hot ng 1000 Mbps. Dng cp STP khong cch ti a gia 2 im kt ni l 25m. S dng switch c h tr cng ngh gigabit.
116

Kiu Gigabit

Kiu 1000BASE-SX

Tc hot ng 1000 Mbps. Dng cp quang khong cch ti a gia 2 im kt ni l 220m n 550m. Dng switch c h tr u ni cp quang, hoc s dng b chuyn tnh hiu t cp quang sang CAT5. Tc hot ng 1000 Mbps. Dng cp quang khong cch ti a gia 2 im kt ni l 550m n 5000m. Dng switch c h tr u ni cp quang, hoc s 117 sang CAT5. dng b chuyn tnh hiu t cp quang

Kiu 1000BASE-LX

Tng hp chun cng ngh Gigabit

118

Thc hnh bm cp mng chun 10-100BaseT

Bm cp xon i vo u ni RJ45. Xem hng dn.

119

Thit b cn thit

120

Bm cp mng

121

Hng dn bm cp xon i

Xc nh khong cch gia hai thit b. Xc nh chun v loi cp cn bm. Tin hnh bm cp.

Tin hnh bm cp

Ct v bc mt on khong 5cm.

Tin hnh bm cp

5 cm

Tch bn i dy

Tin hnh bm cp

Gi ng m mu v chiu thng ca dy. Chn cc dy theo th t vo phch cm RJ45. Kim tra li m mu v v tr.

Tin hnh bm cp

Chn vo dng c bm v bm thnh np hon chnh. Kim tra cp.

Tin hnh bm cp

u bm khng tt.

u bm tt.

S dng thit b kim tra cp

128

Dch v tn min DNS Dch v DHCP Active Directory Qun l{ ti khon my tnh Thit lp v qun l{ ti khon ngi dng v nhm Chia s ti nguyn

Chng 4. Ci t v qun tr Win2003server

129

Dch v tn min DNS

Tng quan v DNS server Ci t dch v DNS Cu hnh dch v DNS Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DNS Cng c NSLookUP kim tra DNS

130

Tng quan v DNS server

Chng ta bit rng mi my tnh c t trng bi mt a ch IP v tn my tng ng phn bit n vi cc my tnh khc. a ch IP l mt dy s c dng xx.xx.xx.xx trong xx c gi tr t 0 n 255. V d 192.168.1.5 l mt a ch IP. i vi con ngi vic nh cc tn my du sao cng d dng v thn thin hn l nh a ch IP, t bit l khi s my tng ln ngy mt nhiu th vic nh ht cc a ch ny li tr nn cng kh khn hn. Chnh v vy m dch v DNS ra i nhm mc ch chnh l chuyn i qua li gia IP v tn my. My tnh ci t dch v DNS gi l DNS server

131

V d
Web Server
(bo tui tr) (203.162.163.35)

Internet

User
132

V d
Web Server
(bo tui tr) (203.162.163.35)

Internet

User
203.162.163.35 ? Tuoitre.com.vn
DNS Server (203.162.163.75) 133

Mt s khi nim

SOA (Start Of Authority)

Trong mi tp tin CSDL ch c mt record SOA duy nht. record ny ch ra Name Server cung cp thng tin tin cy t CSDL c trong zone.

NS (Name Server)

Record ny cho bit tn ca cc Server

Record A
PTR (Pointer)

nh x tn thnh a ch IP

nh x a ch IP thnh tn
134

Tn min

Cu trc ca tn min:

Domain s c dng: lable.lable.label...lable di ti a ca mt tn min l 255 k{ t Mi mt Lable ti a l 63 k{ t Lable phi bt u bng ch hoc s v ch c php cha ch, s, du tr(-), du chm (.) m khng c cha cc k{ t khc. Com : cc t chc thng mi Edu : cc c quan gio dc
135

Phn loi tn min

Tn min

Phn loi tn min

Gov : cc c quan chnh ph Mil : cc t chc qun s, quc phng Net : cc trung tm mng ln Org : cc t chc khc Int : cc t chc a chnh ph (t c s dng) Ngoi ra hin nay trn th gii s dng loi tn min c hai k{ t cui xc nh tn min thuc quc gia no S dng tn min l phi duy nht trong mng
136

Mt s ch khi t tn min:

Phn loi DNS

Primary server

Ngun xc thc thng tin chnh thc cho cc domain m n c php qun l{ qun l{ Thng tin v tn min do n c phn cp qun l{ th c lu tr ti y v sau c th c chuyn sang cho cc secondary server. Cc tn min do primary server qun l{ th c to v sa i ti primary server v sau c cp nhp n cc secondary server.

Secondary server
137

Phn loi DNS

Secondary server

DNS c khuyn ngh nn s dng t nht l hai DNS server lu cho mi mt zone. Primary DNS server qun l{ cc zone v secondary server c s dng lu tr d phng cho zone cho primary server. Secondary DNS server c khuyn ngh dng nhng khng nht thit phi c. Secondary server c php qun l{ domain nhng d liu v domain khng phi to ti secondary server m n c ly v t primary server.
138

Ci t DNS

DNS ch c th ci t trn cc h iu hnh h Server Cc bc chun b trc khi ci t

Cu hnh IP tnh cho my DNS Server My vi tnh (cu hnh mnh c th chy c Win2000server 2003server) CD ROM tng ng vi HH ang chy

139

Ci t DNS

140

Ci t DNS

141

Ci t DNS

142

Ci t DNS

143

Ci t DNS

Ch n khi qu trnh ci t hon thnh

144

Khi ng dch v DNS

145

Giao din dch v DNS

Forward Lookup zone: Phn gii tn y ca my tnh trong min thnh a ch IP. V du: ntbao.com.vn > 192.168.1.10 Reverse Lookup zone: Phn gii a ch IP thnh tn y ca my tnh trong min. V d: 192.168.1.10 > ntbao.com.vn 146

Cu hnh dch v DNS

Cho s mng nh hnh. My DNS1 ang ci t dch v DNS server.

Hy thc hin cc yu cu sau:

147

To min tn l: viendong.com.vn To record A v record PTR phn gii tn thnh IP v ngc li cho cc my trong min trn (my: www, ntbao, mail, ftp).

Cu hnh dch v DNS

To min viendong.com.vn trong Forward Lookup zone phn gii tn y ca my tnh trong min thnh a ch IP ca my tnh .

148

Cu hnh dch v DNS

149

- To min viendong.com.vn

150

Cu hnh dch v DNS

To min viendong.com.vn trong Reverse Lookup zone phn gii a ch IP thnh tn y ca my tnh trong min.

151

Cu hnh dch v DNS

Nhp a ch ng mng ca min. Trong v d trn l: 192.168.1.0

152

Cu hnh dch v DNS

Chn Next Next Chn Finish. Sau khi to xong s c cc thnh phn trong giao din sau:

153

To Record A v PTR phn gii cho cc my

Right click vo tn min viendong.com.vn chn New host. Nhp tn v cc my cn li trong min mun phn gii

V d mun phn gii cho my www. Ta nhp www trong mc Name(.) v IP ca my www trong mc IP address

Chn Add Host. Ln lt to cho cc my cn li trong nhm

Chn ty chn ny nu mun to Record PTR

154

Cc record A v PTR sau khi to

155

Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DNS

Chn Properties ca card mng ang c dng

156

Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DNS

157

Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DNS

IP address Subnet mask

Default getway

DNS Server s IP

158

S dng cng c NSLookUp

Vo ca s command G NSLookUp G tn my tnh y ta s thy a ch IP ca my (Nh record A phn gii). G IP ta s thy tn y (Nh record RPT phn gii).

159

S dng cng c NSLookUp

160

Ni dung tho lun

Chc nng c bn ca DNS server trong h thng mng l g? Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DNS ra sao? Record no lm nhim v phn gii tn thnh a ch IP? Record no lm nhim v phn gii a ch IP thnh tn? kim tra dch v DNS bn s dng cng c g?
161

Dch v cp IP ng DHCP

Tng quan v DHCP server Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server Tin trnh cp pht IP ng trong h thng mng Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DHCP server Cu hnh DHCP cp IP c nh cho 1 my no trong h thng mng

162

Tng quan v DHCP

DHCP l dch v cho php my server cp pht cc a ch IP ng trong h thng mng LAN. Cp IP ng c cc u im sau:

Gim chi ph qun tr. Trnh ng IP khi cp tnh. Thun tin cho cc my thng xuyn phi thay i v tr. Ph hp vi h thng khng dy.

163

Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server

164

Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server

165

Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server

166

Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server

167

Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server

Chn a CD H iu hnh vo nu c yu cu Ch n khi nhn tnh hiu Finish Sau khi ci t hon thnh bn vo Star All program Administrator tool s thy hin cng c DHCP M ng dng ln s hin ca s nh hnh bn

168

Ci t v cu hnh DHCP server

Chy dch v

Ngng dch v
Tm ngng dch v

Chy li dch v
169

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm

170

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm
Nhp tn vng IP cn cp ng M t

171

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm

Nhp vng IP cn cp ng
Subnet mask ca ng mng

172

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm

Nhp vng IP dnh cp tnh

173

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm

Thi gian tn ti ca IP khi khng c dch v DHCP

174

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm

ng cu hnh thm cc ty chn cho DHCP, ngc li chn no,..

175

To dy IP cn cp ng cho cc my trm

Hon thnh cu hnh cho DHCP

176

Tin trnh cp pht IP ng trong h thng mng

T ng cp IP cho cc my client

IP IP IP IP

IP
IP
192.168.10.50
IP ?? DHCP Server

177

Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DHCP server

s dng dch v DHCP, ti my client bn chn option: Obtain an IP address automatically Nu nhp IP tnh, bn phi s dng IP trong vng cp IP tnh m lc ny bn cu hnh
178

Cu hnh my trm s dng dch v DHCP server

Ipconfig /Release : Xa b IP hin ti Ipconfig /Renew : Xin li IP t DHCP

179

Cu hnh DHCP cp IP c nh cho 1 my no

Trong h thng mng LAN IP ca my trm chia s my in, Fax l khng th thay i nn ta cn cu hnh DHCP cp c nh mt IP no cho my ny. Ta thc hin cc bc Start Programs Administrative Tools DHCP

180

Cu hnh DHCP cp IP c nh cho 1 my no

M rng Scope mun cu hnh chn Reservation menu Action New Reservation hp thoi New Reservation xut hin
in tn, IP v a ch MAC ca my trm mun cp IP
Mun xem a ch MAC ca mt my. Ta vo Star Run G lnh cmd - OK S dng lnh: Ipconfig /all 181

Cu hi tho lun

Chc nng c bn ca DHCP server trong h thng mng LAN l g? Cu hnh cp pht IP c nh cho 1 my no trong h thng LAN ra sao? Lm sao bit a ch MAC ca mt my?

182

Gii thiu chung Ti khon ngi dng v nhm ngi dng

Cu hnh my tnh vo nhm nh a ch IP cho cc my tnh v kim tra mng

Qun tr mng ngang hng (Workgroup)

Qun l{ ti khon ngi dng v nhm Phn quyn NTFS trn th mc v tp tin

183

M hnh Workgroup
Account Database Account Database

Account Database

184

Gii thiu chung

L gii php cho cc mng c kch thc nh, khng t nng vn an ton, bo mt Kiu mng Peer-To-Peer. Tnh nng qun tr mng phn tn trn tng my. Mi my tnh phi:
S hu v qun l{ mt c s d liu v ti khon ngi dng. Qun l{ ti nguyn ca chnh n.
185

c im ca m hnh Workgroup

Cc my trm c th chia s ti nguyn ca mnh Khng cn my ch tp trung, trch nhim bo mt thuc v tng my trm Mi my trm c mt c s d liu ngi dng ring R, d dng ci t cho mt nhm ngi dng
Khuyt im: Khi s lng my trm ln th vn qun tr mng tr nn nng n v vic
186

Ti khon ngi dng v nhm ngi dng

Ti khon ngi dng

L i tng ngi s dng h thng. Bao gm cc ngi dng cc b v ngi dng truy cp mng. Vi win2000 tr i mi ngi dng mun s dng my tnh phi c mt ti khon. Mi ti khon c 2 thng tin chnh:

User name: Tn ng nhp Password: Mt khu ng nhp

Nhm ti khon
187

tin cho vic qun l{ ngi ta nhm nhng ngi dng thnh tng nhm ring v t cho nhm mt ci tn xc nh

a my tnh vo nhm (Workgroup)

Nhn Change

188

a my tnh vo nhm (Workgroup)

Nhp tn my tnh

Nhp tn nhm m my tnh mun gia nhp

189

nh a ch IP cho cc my tnh

Chn Properties ca card mng ang c dng

190

nh a ch IP cho cc my tnh

191

nh a ch IP cho cc my tnh
IP address Subnet mask

Default getway

DNS Server s IP

192

Kim tra mng

Sau khi t a ch IP cho cc my tnh. Bn hy kim tra xem cc my trong mng c thng vi nhau khng bng cch:

Vo start Run g cmd chn OK nh lnh ping <IP my cn kim tra>

193

Kim tra mng

194

Nu c tnh hiu reply ngha l my ca bn v my ping ti thng Hnh trn cho thy: my ca bn thng vi my c IP l 192.168.1.100

Kim tra mng

Nu c kt qu l Request timed out l my ca bn v my ping n khng thng nhau. Hnh trn cho thy: my ca bn khng thng vi my c IP l 192.168.1.101 195

Qun l ti khon ngi dng v nhm

To ti khon ngi dng To nhm ngi dng a ti khon vo nhm ngi dng

196

To ngi dng

Star Settings Control Panel Administrative tools Double click vo Computer Management

197

To ngi dng

M rng n th mc Users
Danh mc cc ti khon hin c

198

To ngi dng

Chn action -> new user. in cc thng tin v nhn Create.

Ngi dng phi chuyn mt khu sau ln ng nhp u tin Ngi dng khng c thay i mt khu Mt khu khng c s dng vnh vin Ti khon b kho
199

To nhm ngi dng

Lm tng t cho nhm ngi dng.

200

To nhm ngi dng

in tn nhm v nhn Create to nhm. Nhn add thm ngi dng vo nhm mi to ra

201

Thm ngi dng vo nhm

a ngi dng vo nhm ta lm nh sau: Right click v ngi dng chn Properties
202

Thm ngi dng vo nhm

Chuyn qua Tab member Of. Nhn Add.

203

Thm ngi dng vo nhm

Chn nhm mun thm vo v nhn OK.

204

Xo ti khon ngi dng

205

Kha ti khon ngi dng

206

i mt khu

207

Phn quyn NTFS trn th mc v tp tin

NTFS permission l cc quy tc lin kt vi cc i tng nh folder, file S dng NTFS permission quy nh user v group c quyn truy cp file, folder v ni dung ca chng NTFS permission ch hin din trn volume NTFS NTFS permission khng hin din trn cc volume c format theo file system FAT hoc FAT32

208

Phn quyn NTFS trn th mc v tp tin

Click phi mt folder (hoc file) trn mt partition NTFS, chn Properties, chn Security. Bn c th gn quyn truy cp folder (hoc file) iu khin quyn truy cp m ngi dng c quyn i vi folder (hoc file), file v cc folder con trong folder
209

NTFS Folder Permission

NTFS Folder Permission
Full Control Modify

Allows the User To (Cho php user)

Thay i permissions, nm gi ownership, delete subfolder v file Delete folder, thc hin cc hot ng cho php ca permission Write v Read & Execute

Write

To ra file v subfolder mi trong folder ny, thay i thuc tnh folder, xem ownership v permission ca folder Kho st file v subfolder trong folder. Xem ownership ca folder v cc thuc tnh (Readonly, Hidden, Archive, System)
210

Read

NTFS Folder Permission

NTFS Folder Permission
List Folder Contents Read & Execute

Allows the User To (Cho php user)

Xem tn ca file v subfolder trong folder Di chuyn khp folder. Thc hin cc hot ng ca permission Read v List folder content

211

NTFS File Permission

NTFS Folder Permission
Full Control

Allows the User To (Cho php user)

Thay i permission v nm gi ownership

Modify
Write Read Read & Execute

Thay i v delete file cng vi cc hot ng ca quyn Write v Read & Execute
Overwrite file, thay i thuc tnh file, xem ownership v permission ca file Read file, xem cc thuc tnh, ownership, permission ca file Thc thi cc ng dng v cc hot ng ca Permission Read
212

Nhng c im quan trng NTFS Permission

Permissions c tnh ly tin: permission ca mt user i vi mt ti nguyn l tng cc NTFS permission m bn gn cho user account v nhng group cha user account . Nu mt user c permission l Read i vi mt folder v group cha n c quyn Write i vi folder th user c quyn Read v Write Quyn truy cp file NTFS c u tin cao hn quyn truy cp folder NTFS
213

Nhng c im quan trng NTFS Permission

Mt ngi dng c quyn truy cp file s c quyn truy cp file ngay c khi ngi dng khng c quyn truy cp folder cha file. Nu bn khng c quyn truy cp folder cha file, bn phi bit chnh xc ng dn (path) n file . Bi v bn khng c quyn truy cp folder, bn khng th i vo bn trong folder v th bn khng th duyt file thng qua giao din ha

214

Nhng c im quan trng NTFS Permission

Quyn truy cp deny ph quyt (override) ln tt c cc th hin (instance) ca cc quyn truy cp c cho php. Ngay c mt ti khon ngi dng c quyn truy cp n file hoc folder vi t cch l thnh vin ca mt nhm, quyn truy cp ca mt ti khon ngi khi c gn l deny th n s kha tt c cc cc quyn truy cp khc m ti khon ngi dng c th c

215

Nhng c im quan trng NTFS Permission

216

Gii thch

User1 c quyn truy cp Read i vi FolderA v l thnh vin ca Group A v Group B. Group B c quyn truy cp Write i vi FolderA. Group A c quyn truy cp deny Write i vi File2 User1 c quyn truy cp Read v Write i vi File1. User1 ch c quyn truy cp l Read i vi File2 mc d Group B c quyn Write nhng do Group A c quyn truy cp l deny Write i vi File2
217

Nhng c im quan trng NTFS Permission

S tha k quyn truy cp NTFS: Mc nh, quyn truy cp gn cho folder cha th cc folder con v file trong folder s tha k nhng quyn truy cp ca folder cha. Tuy nhin, bn c th ngn chn s tha k Files v cc folder con c th tha k quyn truy cp t folder cha ca n. Bt kz quyn truy cp no bn gn cho folder cha u c th p dng cho folder con, file trong folder
218

Nhng c im quan trng NTFS Permission

Ngn chn tha k cc quyn truy cp : bn c th ngn chn cc quyn truy cp c gn cho mt folder cha c tha k bi cc folder con v file c cha trong folder cha Nu bn ngn chn quyn truy cp c tha k cho mt folder, folder tr thnh folder cao nht nht. Cc quyn truy cp gn cho folder s c cc folder con v file cha trong n tha hng nhng quyn truy cp ca n
219

Lp k hoch NTFS Permission

qun tr n gin, bn nn nhm cc file ca ng dng, d liu v home folder (th mc ch) Cho php ngi dng mc truy cp m h yu cu. Nu mt ngi dng ch c yu cu c file, ch gn quyn truy cp Read cho ti khon ngi dng ca h. iu ny hn ch kh nng ngi dng tnh c thay i hoc xa cc file ti liu hay ng dng quan trng To cc nhm ty theo yu cu truy cp ca cc thnh vin nhm i vi ti nguyn, sau gn 220

Lp k hoch NTFS Permission

Khi bn gn cc quyn truy cp cho cc folder d liu, ng dng, hy gn quyn Read & Execute cho cc nhm Users v Administrators. iu ny ngn chn ngi dng hay virus c th xa hoc lm hng file G b (remove) ty chn tha k t folder mc cao nht. iu ny cho php ngi dng qun l{ cc quyn truy cp ca folder v file chnh xc theo yu cu ca folder, file Khi gn cc quyn truy cp cho cc folder d liu chung, gn quyn Read & Execute v Write cho nhm Users v Full Control cho221 nhm

Lp k hoch NTFS Permission

Cc quyn t chi truy cp ch nn gn t chi mt ti khon ngi dng hay nhm c th

222

Thit lp NTFS Permission

Mc nh, khi bn format mt volume bn s dng file system NTFS, quyn truy cp Full Control s c gn cho nhm Everyone Bn nn thay i cc quyn truy cp mc nh v gn cc quyn truy cp ph hp khc iu khin truy cp ti nguyn ca ngi dng. Cn thn nu bn gn cc quyn truy cp cho nhm Everyone v ti khon Guest. Windows 2000 s chng thc mt ngi dng khng c mt ti khon ngi dng hp l nh ti khon Guest. Ngi dng t ng c tt c cc quyn hn v quyn truy cp m bn gn 223 cho

Gn hoc thay i cc quyn truy cp

Click phi folder hoc file mun gn cc quyn truy cp, chn Properties Trong tab Security, cu hnh cc ty chn ph

224

Gn hoc thay i cc quyn truy cp

Ty chn Name M t Chn ti khon ngi dng, nhm hoc cc nhm nhn dng c bit m bn mun thay i hoc g b cc quyn truy cp r danh sch
cho php mt quyn truy cp, chn chek box Allow. t chi mt quyn truy cp, chn check box Deny M hp thoi Select Users, Computers, Or Groups, s dng chn ti khon ngi dng, nhm thm vo danh sch G b ti khon ngi dng, nhm hoc cc thc th c bit v cc quyn truy cp c lin quan cho fole hoc folder
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Permission

Add

Remove

Gn hoc thay i cc quyn truy cp

Ty chn M t

Advanced

M hp thoi Access Control Settings For cho bn thm, g b, view hoc iu chnh cc quyn truy cp c bit cho cc ti khon ngi dng v nhm

Allow Inheritable Ch nh cc quyn truy cp cho Permissions From i tng ny c c tha hng Parent To Propogate hay khng To This Object

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Gn hoc thay i cc quyn truy cp

Ty chn M t

Allow Inheritable Ch nh cc quyn truy cp cho Permissions From i tng ny c c tha hng Parent To Propogate hay khng To This Object

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Ngn chn s tha hng cc quyn truy cp

Mc nh, cc folder con v file c tha hng cc quyn truy cp m bn gn cho folder cha ca n. Nu check box Allow inheritable permissions from parent to propagate to this object c chn th cc folder con v file s c tha hng cc

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Ngn chn s tha hng cc quyn truy cp

Ty chn M t Copy Copy cc quyn truy cp t folder cha n folder hin ti v t chi cc quyn truy cp tha hng t folder cha Remove G b cc quyn truy cp c gn cho folder cha v ch gi li cc quyn truy cp m bn gn tng minh cho folder hay file Hy b ty chn

Cancel

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Chia s ti nguyn qua mng

Chia s th mc Chia s my in To a nh x

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Chia s ti nguyn qua mng

Cc folder c chia s cho php ngi dng truy cp tp trung n cc file trong mng. Tt c cc ngi dng mc nh c th ni kt n folder c chia s v truy cp ni dung ca folder. Mt folder c chi s c th cha ng dng, d liu hoc cc thng tin c nhn ca ngi dng trong home directory (th mc ch) Bn c th gn cc quyn truy cp ca mt folder c chia s cho ti khon v nhm ngi dng. iu khin nhng ngi dng no 231

Cc quyn truy cp folder c chia s

Bn c th gn cc quyn truy cp ca mt folder c chia s cho ti khon v nhm ngi dng. iu khin nhng ngi dng no c th thc hin c cng vic g vi ni dung ca th mc c chia s.

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c im cc quyn truy cp ca folder c chia s

Cc quyn truy cp ca mt folder c chia s ch p dng cho folder, khng p dng cho file. Bi v bn ch c th p dng cc quyn truy cp ca folder c chia s n ton b ni dung ca folder. Cc quyn truy cp ca folder c chia s khng hn ch truy cp i vi ngi dng truy cp folder ti my tnh ang lu tr folder. Chng ch p dng cho ngi dng ni kt vi folder qua mng
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c im cc quyn truy cp ca folder c chia s

Quyn truy cp mc nh ca folder c chia s l Full Control v c gn cho nhm Everyone khi bn chia s folder Cc folder c chia s c hnh bn tay k bn.

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Cc quyn truy cp folder c chia s

Quyn truy cp folder c chia s
Full Control

Cho php ngi dng

C th thc hin tt c cc cng vic trn cc file v folder bn trong folder c chia s ang xt c, thc thi, thay i v xa cc file v folder bn trong folder c chia s ang xt

Change

Read

c v thc thi cc file v folder. Khng th thay i hoc xa bt k file hay folder bn trong folder c chia s ang xt

Kt hp nhiu quyn truy cp

Mt ti khon ngi dng c th l thnh vin ca nhiu nhm, mi nhm c quyn truy cp cc mc truy cp khc nhau n mt folder c chia s Khi bn gn quyn truy cp ca mt ti khon ngi dng cho mt folder c chia s v ti khon ngi dng ny l thnh vin ca mt nhm m bn gn quyn truy cp khc, quyn truy cp tng hp ca ngi dng l quyn kt hp ca ti khon ngi dng v nhm
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Deny Override cc quyn truy cp khc

Nu bn t chi quyn truy cp ca mt ti khon ngi dng cho mt folder c chia s, ti khon ngi dng ny s khng c quyn truy cp ngay c nu bn cho php quyn truy cp cho mt nhm cha ti khon ngi dng ny

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Copy Folder c chia s

Khi bn copy, mt folder c chia s, folder gc vn c chia s nhng folder bn sao khng c chia s. Khi bn di chuyn hoc i tn mt folder c chia s, n cng khng cn c chia s

238

Cc bc chia s mt folder

Click phi folder m bn mun chia s, chn Properties, chn Sharing Trong tab Sharing, chn Share this folder Thay i tn khc nu bn mun hoc tn chia s mc nh Nu mun ch thch tng qut v folder c chia s, nhp thng tin vo text Comment Click Permission chn quyn truy cp ph hp
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Cc bc chia s mt folder

i vi ty chn User limit, mc nh l cho php ti a nng lc ca h thng. Nu mun ch nh chnh xc s truy cp ti a, chn Allow Click OK

240

Ni kt n mt folder c chia s

Cc phng php truy cp n mt folder c chia s trn my tnh khc :

Ni kt s dng lnh Run \\<IP> hoc <Tn my>

Ni kt s dng My Network Places Phi nhp ti khon c quyn truy cp

241

V d

ly d liu c chia s trn my c IP l 192.168.1.100 ta lm nh sau:

Vo Star Run G lnh nh hnh

Nhp ti khon nu c yu cu, ti khon ny phi c quyn trn ti nguyn c chia s

242

V d

D liu c chia s s c nhn thy di dng cc th mc nh hnh di dy

243

Ci t v chia s my in

Ti sao li cn chia s my in? Tin hnh ci t mt my in? Chia s my in trn mng ngang hng.

244

Ti sao li chia s my in?

Tit kim chi ph mua my in trang b cho tng my ring l. D qun l{. C c ch phn quyn s dng my in.

245

Ci t my in

Ci mt my in trn my cc b. Ci my in trn mng.

246

Ci t my in cc b

Vo control Panel chn Printer and Fax . Nhn Add Printer

247

Ci t my in cc b

Nhn next

248

Ci t my in cc b

Chn ty chn th nht. Nhn next

Ci t my in cc b

H thng s t ng d tm my in m bn kt ni vi my tnh

250

Ci t my in cc b

Xc nhn my in l my in mt nh khi gi lnh in. Nhn next

251

Ci t my in cc b

Nhn Finish hon thnh ci t.

252

Ci t my in t my mng

My in cn ci t qua mng phi c chia s. Chn ty chn th hai ci t my in t mng.

253

Ci t my in t my mng

Tin hnh tm kim my in t mng cc b

254

Ci t my in t my mng

Chn tn my in cn kt ni n, nhn Next Lu ch c nhng my in c chia s mi hin th trong hp thoi ny.

255

Ci t my in cc b

Xc nhn my in l my in mt nh khi gi lnh in. Nhn next

256

Ci t my in cc b

Nhn Finish hon thnh ci t.

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Chia s my in

Vo Star Settings Printer and Faxs. Right click vo my in cn chia s chn Share Chn ty chn Share this printer

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To a nh x

ng nhp vo my tnh chia s ti nguyn. Right click vo th mc mun to a nh x - Chn Map network drive. Lc ny hp thoi Map network drive xut hin Bn chn Finish. Vo My computer bn s thy xut hin mt a mi chnh l a nh x. D liu ca n chnh l d liu trong th mc c chia s. a nh x s khng cn tc dng khi th mc c chia s khng cn tc dng.
259

To a nh x

ng nhp vo my tnh chia s ti nguyn.

260

To a nh x

Right click vo th mc mun to a nh x - Chn Map network drive.

261

To a nh x

Lc ny hp thoi Map network drive xut hin Bn chn Finish.

262

To a nh x

Vo My computer bn s thy xut hin mt a mi chnh l a nh x. D liu ca n chnh l d liu trong th mc c chia s.

263