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The Ten Most Beautiful Experiments (George Johnson, Aaknopf, 2008)


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- S o m e t h i n g deeply h i d d e n h a d to be b e h i n d things.".
- "Everything is m a d e of water.".
- a n d "vitreous.".
- T h e a p p e a r a n c e of this d r o p is t h a t of a brilliant star.".
- n o r w o u l d you m e n t i o n m y small e r r o r a n d at t h e s a m e t i m e pass over in silence his very large one.".
- w o u l d be to apt t o d r a w - o u t his dagger u p o n every slight occasion.".
- a b u n d a n t l y , impetuously, a n d as if it were propelled by a syringe.".
- gives m o t i o n to a n o t h e r , yet all t h e wheels seem to m o v e simultaneously.".
- t h e i n s t r u m e n t of heaven.".
- seems at length as if it were a b o u t to die.".
- Years later, he was still d e f e n d i n g his t h e o r y against "detractors, m u m m e r s , a n d writers defiled w i t h abuse.".
- N e w t o n w o u l d b e c o m e k n o w n to t h e ages (along with Leibniz) for his invention of c a l c u l u s — t h e ".
- Viewed under a microscope, "a small white spot of hairy mould.".
- w h i c h u n s c r a m b l e s i n t o Ut tensio sic vis, "As t h e extension, so t h e force.".
- w h o s e strongest p a r t precedes, a n d w h o s e weakest follows.".
- t r a n s m i t s yellow ones.".
- "Generally b o d y s w h i c h a p p e a r e of any c o l o u r to t h e eye, a p p e a r e of t h e s a m e c o l o u r in all positions.".
- f o r t h e water fills u p t h e reflecting pores.".
- m o r e t o g e t h e r n e w circles d o e arrive in t h e midst.".
- t h e b o n e as neare t o t h e Backside of m y eye as I could.".
- c o l o u r e d circles.".
- s u r r o u n d i n g an i n n e r circle of "darkish blew.".
- b u t if I w e n t i n t o a d a r k r o o m e t h e P h a n t a s m a was blew.".
- F r o m each eye, he learned in his readings, t h e visual vibra- t i o n s traveled t h r o u g h t h e o p t i c n e r v e s — ".
- t h e m a r r o w it selfe squeezed out.".
- b r o k e n in two twixt t h e colours.".
- It was "a d i s p r o p o r - tion soe extravagant t h a t it excited m e t o a m o r e t h e n o r d i - n a r y curiosity of e x a m i n i n g f r o m w h e n c e it m i g h t proceed.".
- t h r o u g h p a r t s of t h e glasse of divers thicknesses.".
- "divers bignesses.".
- T h e f a s h i o n of t h e c o l o u r s was in all these cases t h e same.".
- "consists of rayes differently refrangible.".
- d a r k , b u t I could never see it c h a n g e d in Specie.".
- c o n n a t e properties.".
- h e t e r o g e n e o u s m i x - ture of differently refrangible rayes.".
- b r i g h t cloud.".
- t h e n of a deepe reddish colour.".
- i r o n is a d d e d to a n t i m o n y — ".
- loos its light.".
- "Venus a m o s t s h i n i n g star is e m b r a c t ' d by [Mars].".
- Calx, it was recognized, resembled t h e c r u d e ores m i n e d f r o m t h e g r o u n d , which were refined or reduced—"revivified"—by heating t h e m next to a piece of charcoal.
- i m p e l l e d by forces t h a t give it a direction c o n t r a r y to that of gravity.".
- P u t t i n g it m o r e poetically, o n e c h e m i s t declared t h a t phlogis- t o n "gave wings to earthly molecules.".
- a i r — o r azote, f r o m t h e Greek w o r d f o r "lifeless.".
- i n f l a m m a b l e air.".
- H i t h e r t o , only t w o mice a n d myself have h a d t h e privilege of b r e a t h i n g it.".
- "fire air.".
- Heating mercury in a "flamingo flask.".
- w h e n a t a p e r was plunged i n t o it, it was extinguished as if it h a d b e e n i m m e r s e d i n t o water.".
- "threw o u t such a brilliant light t h a t t h e eyes could h a r d l y e n d u r e it.".
- H e r e is t h e m o s t c o m p l e t e k i n d of p r o o f t h a t can b e a t t a i n e d in chemistry, t h e d e c o m p o s i t i o n of air followed by its r e c o m - position.".
- w h e n they stalked their prey at night, a n d even f r o m p e o p l e "of a p a r t i c u l a r t e m p e r a m e n t , a n d espe- cially o n s o m e e x t r a o r d i n a r y occasions.".
- a m o n g t h e d e m o n s t r a t e d truths.".
- a n d the entire edifice is in d a n g e r of collapsing.".
- "Each t i m e I t o u c h it, t h e f r o g jerks, leaps, a n d , I ' m t e m p t e d to say, escapes me.".
- T h e y possess n o secret, m a g i c virtue.".
- T h e effect could have been p r o - d u c e d , he insisted, only "by a circuit of electricity i n h e r e n t in the animal.".
- T h e r e is n o ethereal "vital force.".
- She called herself t h e "Bride of Science.".
- She was obsessed w i t h n e w ideas: phrenology, m e s m e r i s m , a "calculus of t h e n e r v o u s system.".
- I n k a n d water vibrated in s u n s h i n e looked extremely beautiful.".
- "I d a r e n o t a n d m u s t n o t c o m e a n d yet find it almost impossible t o refuse.".
- d o n o t h i n g b u t just work.".
- I w r i t e — a n d I wish I h a d t h e s t r e n g t h a n d h a d rest e n o u g h for a great deal more.".
- caloric, his n a m e f o r an invisible s u b s t a n c e — a "subtle f l u i d ".
- h e r p e r - sonal f o r t u n e is considerable.".
- material t h i n g b u t s o m e k i n d of vis viva ("living force") o r m o t i o n — ".
- T h e cost of w o r k i n g t h e e n g i n e m a y be r e d u c e d ad infinitum.".
- "there seemed to be n o t h i n g to prevent an e n o r m o u s velocity of r o t a t i o n , a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y an e n o r m o u s power.".
- t h a t I confess I a l m o s t despair of t h e success of e l e c t r o - m a g n e t i c a t t r a c t i o n s as an e c o n o m - ical source of power.".
- t h e subject did n o t excite m u c h general attention.".
- T h o u g h heat d i d n ' t d i s a p p e a r f r o m t h e universe, it gradually b e c a m e d e g r a d e d , flowing f r o m h o t t o cold a n d never back a g a i n — ".
- i r r e c o v e r a b l y lost.".
- If t h e r e was n o noticeable delay, o n e could c o n c l u d e t h a t "if n o t i n s t a n t a n e o u s , light is very swift.".
- s t a n d a r d yard.".
- b e i n g a b o u t 200 t i m e s t h a t o b t a i n e d by Foucault.".
- w i t h a l m o s t as m u c h accuracy as t h e velocity of an o r d i n a r y projectile.".
- T h e s e c o n d s w i m m e r will always w i n , if there is any current in the river.".
- T h e result w o u l d be an interference effect like t h e o n e T h o m a s Young h a d described: a p a t t e r n of d a r k a n d b r i g h t lines, o r "fringes.".
- t h o u g h I r a t h e r s u s p e c t f r o m his m a n n e r t h a t h e h a s too.".
- test, to d e t e r m i n e , as Morley p u t it, "if light travels w i t h t h e s a m e velocity in all directions.".
- o n e of t h e grandest generalizations of m o d e r n science—of which we are t e m p t e d to say t h a t it o u g h t to b e t r u e even if it is not.".
- But I e n d u r e this in t h e interest of t r u t h , f o r t h e benefit of humanity.".
- "which, as everyone k n o w s , is a purely m e c h a n i c a l act.".
- In 1891 he was a p p o i n t e d h e a d of physiology at t h e newly f o r m e d Institute f o r E x p e r i m e n t a l M e d i c i n e , w h e r e h e used his surgical t e c h n i q u e s t o m a p o u t t h e cascade of f u n c t i o n s — a ".
- Reflexes are t h e elemental u n i t s in the m e c h a n i s m of p e r p e t u a l equilibration.".
- ness of its efforts.".
- E x p e r i m e n t e r s observed t h e dogs r e m o t e l y t h r o u g h periscopes, giving t h e i m p r e s s i o n , o n e visitor r e p o r t e d , of "a s u b m a r i n e ready f o r battle.".
- P a v l o v ' s flies"—after t h e f a m - o u s animals..
- But o u r m o r a l dignity obligates us to e n s u r e t h a t this always occurs w i t h o u t u n n e c e s s a r y pain.".
- "We h a d n o t c o m e q u i t e as n e a r s o u n d i n g t h e d e p t h s of t h e universe, even in t h e m a t t e r of f u n d a m e n t a l physical principles, as we t h o u g h t we had.".
- Millikan c r a n k e d u p t h e voltage, h o p i n g he could h o l d t h e target s t e a d y — s u s - p e n d e d "like M o h a m m e d ' s coffin".
- or s o m e o t h e r exact m u l - tiple of t h e smallest charge o n a d r o p l e t t h a t I ever obtained.".
- "I never w o u l d have believed it.".
- T h e o r y C o n c e r n i n g Light a n d Colors.".
- O n the Nature of t h e Principle Which C o m b i n e s with Metals D u r i n g Calcinations a n d Increases Their Weight.".
- s o m e s y m p t o m s which p o i n t to softening of the brain.".
- 123, quoting Pavlov's 1893 essay, "Vivisection.".
- "conditioned reflex.".
- 155 Fletcher told his story in "My Work with Millikan.".
- David Goodstein gives o t h e r examples in "In Defense of Robert Millikan."