Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

H Ch Minh
Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

NHP MN IN TON
Bi tp ln

BIG DATA D LIU LN

Gio vin ging dy:
GV. Trn Ngc Thnh
Nhm: 101

on Ph Thin - 1513193
o Vn Lam - 1511681
Bi Trung Thng - 1513285
Nguyn Th Tr My - 51305086

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

BIG DATA D LIU LN

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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

MC LC
NH NGHA.....................................................................................................3

I.

LCH S CA BIG DATA..............................................................................3

II.

CC C TRNG CA BIG DATA..............................................................5

III.

KHA CNH K THUT CA BIG DATA.....................................................7

1.

Lung d liu trong Big Data [5]....................................................................7

2.

Nn tng Hadoop [6]....................................................................................9

IV.

NG DNG CA BIG DATA.....................................................................10

V. TNG LAI V THCH THC CA BIG DATA............................................12

VI.

KT LUN.............................................................................................13

II.

TI LIU THAM KHO...........................................................................14

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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

NH NGHA
- D liu ln (Big data) c nh ngha khi qut l s thu thp, qun l v phn tch

I.

d liu, nhng vic vt xa d liu cu trc tiu biu (typical), n c th c

truy vn vi h thng qun l d liu quan h thng vi nhng tp phi cu trc
(unstructured files), video k thut s, hnh nh, d liu cm bin, tp lu nht k,
thc s bt c d liu no khng c trong h s vi cc phm vi tm kim khc.
Trong mt s ngha, d liu phi cu trc l d liu th v, nhng n kh tng hp
vo BI (Business Intelligence) hoc rt trch ra nhng kt lun t n tr khi n c th
tng quan vi d liu c cu trc. [1]
D liu ln (Big data) l thut ng dng m t cc b d liu c kch thc rt
ln, kh nng pht trin nhanh, v rt kh thu thp, lu tr, qun l v phn tch vi
cc cng c thng k hay ng dng c s d liu truyn thng. [2]

LCH S CA BIG DATA

Cu chuyn ca Big Data bt u t nhiu nm trc, khi cc tin n gy nhiu cn

cha trn lan nh hin nay. By mi nm qua k t ln u tin chng ta c gng nh lng
mc tng trng ca khi lng d liu, hay cn gi l tc bng n thng tin (thut ng
c s dng ln u tin nm 1941, theo The Oxford English Dictionary), c th lit k mt s
ct mc lch s quan trng v qu trnh nh gi kch thc d liu cng nh nhng i mi c
bn trong tng xy dng d liu ln v cc quan st c lin quan nh sau:
-

Nm 1944, Fremont Rider qun l th vin trng i hc Wesleyan, xut bn

cun The Scholar and the Future of the Research Libriary. ng c tnh rng th
vin ca cc trng i hc M pht trin gp i ch trong vng 16 nm.

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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh
-

Nm 1961, Derek Price xut bn Science Since Babylon, trong ng biu th s pht
trin ca kin thc khoa hc da trn s tng trng v s lng cc tp ch khoa hc v
ti liu. ng kt lun rng s lng tp ch mi pht trin theo cp s nhn.

Thng 11 nm 1967, B.A Maron v P.A.D de Maine cng b nghin cu Automatic data
compression trn t Communications of the ACM, cho rng khi nim bng n thng
tin c ch trong nhng nm gn y khin cho yu cu lu tr tt c thng tin
mc ti thiu tr nn cn thit hn bao gi ht. Bi bo m t chic my nn ba phn
hon ton t ng v nhanh nhn, c th s dng vi bt c khi thng tin no nhm
gim ng k cc yu cu lu tr t pha ngoi v tng tc truyn ti thng tin trn
my tnh.

Thng 4 nm 1980, I.A. Tjomsland t chc mt cuc i thoi vi ch T Nay

Chng Ta S i V u? ti hi ngh IEEE ln th t v h thng tp trung d liu.

Nm 1981, vn phng thng k trung ng Hungary bt u d n nghin cu ngnh

cng nghip thng tin ca t nc, bao gm vic o lng khi lng thng tin bng
bits, v ngy nay vn cn tip tc thc hin.

Thng 7 nm 1986, Hal B. Becker cho xut bn cun Liu Ngi S Dng C Th Thc
S Hp Thu D Liu Vi Tc Hin Nay? Cn Ngy Mai Th Sao? trn t Data
Communications.

Thng 9 nm 1990, Peter J. Denning cng b tc phm Saving All the Bits trn t
American Scientist. Denning ni rng: S cp thit ca vic lu tt c cc bit a chng
ta vo n tnh th khng th gii quyt: Tc v khi lng dng thng tin lm tc
nghn mng li, thit b lu tr v h thng phc hi ca chng ta, cng nh kh nng
nhn thc ca con ngi Loi my no chng ta c th ch to ra iu khin lung
d liu ca mt nhc c hoc sng lc c s d liu ghi m, v cung cp cho ta bn thng
k tm tt v nhng g ang hin hu?
Thng 10 nm 1997 Michael Cox v David Ellsworth trnh by Application-controlled
demand paging for out-of-core visualization trong chui cc hot ng ca Hi ngh
IEEE ln th 8. M u bi vit nu ln B nh ngoi cung cp thch thc th v cho
cc h iu hnh my tnh: b d liu ni chung l kh ln, yu cu gay gt v nng lc
ca b nh chnh, a cc b, v thm ch c a tch bit. Chng ti gi y l vn
ca big data (d liu ln). Khi tp hp d liu khng ph hp trong b nh chnh (trong
li), hoc khi chng khng ph hp vi ngay c trn a cc b, gii php ph bin nht
l ginh ly nhiu ngun hn.y l bi vit u tin trong th vin s ACM s dng
thut ng Big Data.

Thng 4 nm 1998 John R. Masey, Gim c khoa hc SGI, trnh by nghin cu Big
Dataand the Next Wave of Infrastress ti mt cuc hp ca USENIX.
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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

II.

Thng 11 nm 2000, Francis X. Diebold trnh by vi i hi Th gii ln th VIII ca

Hip hi kinh t lng mt ti liu c tiu Big Data Dynamic Factor Models for
Macroeconomic Measurement and Forecasting. Trong ng khng nh rng: Gn
y, nhiu ngnh khoa hc, nh vt l, sinh hc, khoa hc x hi, vn ang buc phi
ng u vi kh khn thu c li t hin tng Big Data v gt hi c
nhiu thnh cng. Big Data ch s bng n v s lng (v i khi, cht lng), kh nng
lin kt cng nh c sn ca d liu, ch yu l kt qu ca nhng tin b gn y v
cha tng c trong vic ghi li d liu v cng ngh lu tr.

Thng 3 nm 2007 John F. Gantz, David Reinsel v cc nh nghin cu khc ca IDC

a ra thng co bo vi ta The Expanding Digital Universe: A Forecast of
Worldwide Information Growth through 2010. y l nghin cu u tin c tnh v
d bo s lng d liu k thut s c to ra v nhn rng mi nm.

Thng 9 nm 2008, A special issue of Nature on Big Data nghin cu ngha ca cc b

d liu ln i vi khoa hc hin i.

Thng 2 nm 2010, Kenneth Cukier ng trn t The Economist a Special Report bi vit
c ta Data, data everywhere. Cukier vit: th gii cha mt s lng thng tin
s ln n mc khng tng, v cng ngy cng c nhn rng vi tc nhanh hn
bao gi ht Hiu qu c th hin khp mi ni, t kinh doanh n khoa hc, t
chnh ph cho ngh thut. Cc nh khoa hc v k s my tnh t ra mt thut ng
mi cho hin tng ny: Big Data.

Thng 5 nm 2012, Danah Boyd v Kate Crawford a ra lun im ca h trong bi

Critical Question for Big Data trn t Information, Communications and Society. H
nh ngha Big Data nh l mt hin tng vn ha, cng ngh v hc thut da trn s
tng tc ca: (1) Cng ngh ti a ha sc mnh tnh ton v chnh xc thut ton
thu thp, phn tch, lin kt, v so snh cc tp d liu ln. (2) Phn tch: to ra trn d
liu ln xc nh m hnh lm cho tuyn b kinh t, x hi, k thut v php l. (3)
Thn thoi: Nim tin ph bin rng d liu ln cung cp mt hnh thc cao hn ca tr
thng minh v kin thc c th to ra m nhng hiu bit m trc y khng th, vi
ho quang ca s tht, khch quan, chnh xc. [3]

CC C TRNG CA BIG DATA

C 4 c trng ca Big Data nh sau: [4]
1. Volume: l s tng trng v mt khi lng. D liu trong cc h thng thng tin
lun lun v khng ngng tng ln v mt kch thc (khi lng). Chng ta c th
tm thy d li u trong cc nh dng video, music, image ln trn cc knh truyn
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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh
thng x h i. Khi lng d li u ca mt h thng thng tin c th ln n hng
Terabyte v Petabyte.
2. Velocity: l s tng trng v mt tc . Bn cnh s tng trng v khi lng, tc
tng trng ca d liu cng tng ln mt cch chng mt. Mt v d n gin l
trn cc mng x h i i khi cc thng bo cch vi giy (tweet, status,.) l
c v khng c ngi dng quan tm. Ngi dng thng loi bo cc tin nhn c
v ch ch n cc c p nh t gn nht. S chuyn ng ca d li u by gi hu nh
l thc t (real time) v tc c p nh t thng tin gim xung n v hng mili
giy.
3. Variety: l s tng ln v tnh a dng ca d liu. D liu khng ch dng c cu
trc, m cn bao gm rt nhiu kiu d liu phi cu trc na nh video, hnh nh, d
liu cm bin, cng nh cc file log. D liu ca mt doanh nghip hay mt h thng
thng tin ngy nay khng cn n gin ch c mt hoc mt vi loi d liu na, m
tnh a dng ca n cng ang ngy cng tng ln lm cho tnh phc tp ca d liu
ngy cng phc tp hn.
4. Veracity: l tnh xc thc ca d liu. Vi xu hng Social ngy nay v s gia tng
mnh m tnh tng tc v chia s ca ngi dng Mobile lm cho bc tranh xc nh
v tin cy & chnh xc ca d liu ngy mt kh khn hn. Bi ton phn tch v
loi bo d liu thiu chnh xc v nhiu ang l tnh cht quan trng ca Big Data.

Hnh 1: Bn ch V - c trng ca Big Data

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Nhm 101: Big Data

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

III.

KHA CNH K THUT CA BIG DATA

1. Lung d liu trong Big Data [5]
H thng Big data thng ln v phc tp, n cung cp cc chc nng x l Big
Data t lc hnh thnh n lc kt thc. Thng lung d liu trong Big Data c
phn lm 4 giai on: Ngun to ra d liu, Thu thp d liu, Lu tr d liu v Phn
tch d liu. Hnh 1 bn di m t cc cng ngh lin quan n 4 giai on ca
lung d liu:

Hnh 2: Bn cng ngh ca Big data theo lun d liu

Ngun to ra d liu:
Do s pht trin vt bc ca cc cng ngh hin i nn ngun to ra d liu
ngy cng pht trin mnh m. Tht vy, IBM c tnh rng 90% d liu trong th
gii ngy nay c to ra trong 2 nm qua. Nguyn nhn ca s bng n d
liu ny cng c nhiu tranh ci. Theo s bng n d liu c lin h mt thit n
s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin, c chia lm 3 giai on nh sau:

Giai on 1: bt u t nhng nm 1990. Khi cng ngh s v nhng h

thng c s d liu c p dng rng ri, nhiu t chc s dng chng
lu tr nhng d liu ln ca h nh cc giao dch trong lnh vc ngn hng

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh
hay cc trung tm ti chnh, cc ti liu ca chnh ph y l nhng d liu
c cu trc v c phn tch thng qua h thng CSDL quan h.

Giai on 2: giai on 2 bt u bng s bng n ca Internet. Vo nhng

nm cui ca thp nin 90, h thng Web 1.0, c trng bi cc cng c tm
kim v thng mi in t, to ra 1 lng ln d liu bn cu trc v/hoc
khng cu trc, bao gm cc trang web v lch s giao dch. K t nhng nm
2000, rt nhiu cc ng dng Web 2.0 to ra mt lng d liu phong ph
cc d liu do ngi dng ng gp t cc din n, nhm, blog, cc trang
web, mng x hi.

Giai on 3: c kch thch bi cc thit b di ng nh in thoi thng

minh, my tnh bng, cm bin v cc thit b h tr Internet da trn cm
bin. Vi cch phn loi ny, chng ta thy rng cc m hnh to d liu pht
trin 1 cch nhanh chng, t lu tr th ng trong giai on 1 n to d liu
tch cc trong giai on 2 v to d liu t ng trong giai on 3. Ba loi d
liu ny chnh l ngun d liu chnh ca Big Data, trong cc d liu t
ng s ng gp nhiu nht trong tng lai gn.
Thu thp d liu:
- Thu nhn d liu
- Truyn d liu
- Tin x l d liu
Lu tr d liu:
- H thng tp tin
- C s d liu
- Nhng m hnh lp trnh
Phn tch d liu:
- Nhng phng php phn tch chung
- D liu trc quan (Data Visualization)
- Phn tch thng k
- Khai ph d liu
- Nhng phng php phn tch mi trong Big Data
- Phn tch cu trc d liu
- Phn tch vn bn
- Phn tch Web
- Phn tch a phng tin
- Phn tch mng
- Phn tch di ng
2. Nn tng Hadoop [6]

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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh
Hadoop c to ra vo nm 2005 bi Doug Cutting v Mike Cafarella gii
quyt cc vn ca Big Data. Hadoop l mt framework m ngun m h tr lu
tr v x l Big Data vi cc cu trc khc nhau (k c khng cu trc) trn nhng
my ch bnh thng. Hadoop c nhiu li th so vi cc framework khc:

Kh nng m rng: cho php thay i s lng phn cng m khng cn thay
i nh dng d liu hay khi ng li h thng

Hiu qu chi ph: h tr lu tr v x l song song trn nhng my ch bnh

thng

Linh hot: h tr bt k loi d liu t bt k ngun no

Chu li: thiu d liu v phn tch tht bi l hin tng thng gp trong
phn tch tch Big Data. Hadoop c th phc hi v pht hin nguyn nhn
tht bi do tc nghn mng.

Hadoop gm nhiu module kt hp vi nhau h tr tt c cc giai on trong lung

Big Data t giai on thu thp n phn tch v qun l d liu.
Giai on
Thu thp d
liu

Module

M t

Flume

Thu thp, tp hp v chuyn 1 lng ln d liu t

cc ngun khc nhau v trung tm lu tr

Sqoop

Cho php d dng nhp v xut d liu gia Hadoop

v cc kho d liu c cu trc

HDFS

H thng file phn phi c th chy trn nhng my

ch bnh thng, da trn thit k ca GFS. Gm 1
NameNode qun l file metadata v nhiu
DataNode lu tr d liu thc t. Mt file c
chia lm nhiu khi v cc khi s lu trong cc
DataNode

Hbase

CSDL hng ct da trn Bigtable ca Google

Lu tr d liu

Tnh ton

Phn tch d

MapReduce L ct li tnh ton phn tch Big Data.

MapReduce framework s gm 1 master v 1 slave
trn mi node. Master c trch nhim lp k hoch
cho nhng slave, theo di v thc hin li cc nhim
v tht bi. Cc slave thc hin cc nhim v theo
ch dn ca ca master. Gm 2 chc nng chnh: map
v reduce
Pig Latin

Ngn ng cho x l d liu

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Nhm 101: Big Data

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh
Hive
liu

Qun l

IV.

Tng hp d liu v truy vn adhoc

Mahout

Th vin khai ph d liu v my hc, gm 4 nhm:

lc tp hp, gom cm, phn loi, khai ph m hnh
theo hng song song

Zokeeper

L 1 trung tm dch v cho vic bo tr cu hnh, t

tn, ng b phn phi v cung cp cc dch v theo
nhm

Chukwa

Chu trch nhim theo di tnh trng h thng v c

th hin th, gim st v phn tch cc d liu thu thp
c

NG DNG CA BIG DATA

Big Data v cc ng dng c lin quan ang ngy cng c s dng rng ri trong cc
t chc, trong cc lnh vc khc nhau, nhm gim thiu cc ri ro, h tr t chc trong
vic qun l cc hot ng hng ngy cng nh ra quyt nh.
- Cc c quan chnh ph tm cch phn tch d liu nhm tm ra nhng cch thc
thu thu mt cch kho lo, d on c t l tht nghip, xu hng ngh
nghip trong tng lai.
- Cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc y t cng ang ch ng hn trong vic qun l
v theo di sc khoe khch hng, thit k cc gi sn phm hp l nhm gim chi
ph chm sc sc khoe.
- Ngnh khch sn v du lch s dng d liu t nhiu ngun nh mng x hi v
to ra nhng gi k ngh c nhn cho cc khch hng.
- Cc doanh nghip phn tch d liu nhm tm hiu hnh vi khch hng v t vn
cho h v danh mc sn phm, thi gian v a im mua c nhng chnh sch
gi hp dn.
Hnh 3 sau y s cho chng ta hnh dung r hn v ng dng ca Big Data trong mt s
lnh vc ph bin:

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Nhm 101: Big Data

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Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

Hnh 3: ng dng ca Big Data trong mt s lnh vc [8]

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Nhm 101: Big Data

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

V.

TNG LAI V THCH THC CA BIG DATA

1. Thch thc
- Truyn d liu ln thng phi gnh chu chi ph rt cao trong khi vic
truyn d liu ln li l mt vic khng th thiu trong cc ng dng Big
Data.
-

D liu ngy tng ngy cng nhanh, v vy lng d liu cc ng dng Big
Data phi x l ngy cng ln, vic ny yu cu s pht trin v phn mm v
phn cng.

Mc d Hadoop tr thnh tr ct trong nn tng phn tch Big Data nhng

n vn cha phi l ti u nht, do vy cn nhng cng c mnh hn na

Vn thng tin ring t, nu cc cng ty, chnh ph, v cc t chc cn thn

thu thp, phn tch v s dng d liu ln, gi tr cng ng s c r rng.
Nhng, nu kh nng phn tch thng tin b lm dng, thng tin c s dng
cho cc mc ch xu th hn l mt vn .
2. Tng lai
Theo cc chuyn gia, Big Data c th mang li bn li ch: ct gim chi ph, gim
thi gian, tng thi gian pht trin, ti u ha sn phm v h tr con ngi a ra
quyt nh hp l hn.
Ngy nay, d liu chnh l tin bc ca doanh nghip. Ly v d, nhng thng tin v
thi quen, s thch ca khch hng c c t lng d liu khng l cc doanh
nghip thu thp trong lc khch hng gh thm v tng tc vi trang web ca mnh.
Ch cn doanh nghip bit khai thc hiu qu, Big Data khng ch gip tng li
nhun cho chnh h m gip tit kim thi gian cho khch hng trong mua sm.
Nh Big Data, nm 2013, Amazon t doanh thu ti 74 t USD, IBM t hn 16 t
USD. Big Data l nhu cu tng trng ln n ni t nm 2010, Software AG,
Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, SAP, EMC, HP v Dell chi hn 15 t USD cho cc cng
ty chuyn v qun l v phn tch d liu.
Vi tim nng u vit, Big Data khng ch ng dng trong kinh doanh m cn c
kh nng tc ng n hu ht ngnh ngh khc. Chnh ph cc nc c th ng
dng Big Data d on t l tht nghip, xu hng ngh nghip ca tng lai
u t cho nhng hng mc ph hp hoc ct gim chi tiu, kch thch tng trng
kinh t, thm ch d on s pht trin ca mm bnh v khoanh vng s ly lan ca
bnh dch.
Ni cch khc, Big Data s l cng c thc y s pht trin kinh t - x hi trong
tng lai. Theo c tnh ca Gartner, mt cng ty nghin cu v t vn v cng
ngh hng u ca M, ti nm 2015 Big Data c th to ra thm 4,4 triu vic lm
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Nhm 101: Big Data

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh
trong ngnh IT ton cu v trong 5 nm (2012-2017), th gii s u t 232 t USD
cho Big Data.
Vi hn 30 triu ngi dng Internet v hn 15 triu ngi dng Internet trn in
thoi di ng, Vit Nam ang l ch ngm ca nhiu nh cung cp gii php Big
Data nh Microsoft, IBM, Oracle Big Data v cc cng ngh phn tch c kh
nng lm thay i hon ton b mt ca cc ngnh kinh t v ngh nghip. V vy,
nhng m hnh kinh doanh mi da trn Big Data ang c hnh thnh gip cc
t chc, doanh nghip tn dng d liu. y cng l xu th tt yu trong tng lai
khng xa vi doanh nghip Vit Nam", ng Tan Jee Toon, Tng Gim c IBM Vit
Nam d on. [9]

VI.

KT LUN
Big Data ng vai tr quan trng trong vic mang li nhng gi tr to ln, khng ch cho
cc t chc doanh nghip m cn cho nn kinh t quc gia v cho cc cng dn trong nn
kinh t . Thng tin c thu thp ngy cng minh bch, chi tit, chnh xc, gip cc
nh lnh o c th ra nhng quyt nh ng v hp l hn, gim thiu cc ri ro c th
xy ra, gip cho cc c nhn c tri nghim cc dch v m cc t chc v chnh ph
mang li mt cch tt hn. Big Data cng t ra thch thc cho cc t chc, doanh
nghip trong thi i s hin nay. Mt khi lm ch c d liu ln th h s c c hi
thnh cng ln hn trong bi cnh cnh tranh ngy nay, th gii th s c hng li
hn t vic trch xut thng tin mt cch chnh xc hn, hu ch hn vi chi ph thp
hn. Tuy nhin, y vn l lnh vc cn rt mi, t ra nhiu vn v thch thc m cc
t chc v cc nh nghin cu cn gii quyt.

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Nhm 101: Big Data

Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp. H Ch Minh

Khoa Khoa Hc & K Thut My Tnh

I.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/vn/library/data/2013Q3/bd-bigdatacloud/
[2] Manyika, J., et al., Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and
productivity. 2011.
[3] Lc s ca Big DATA, Available from http://marketsharings.com/luoc-su-cua-big-data/
[4] Nguyn Thanh Hi, Bt u vi Big Data - Phn 1, Available from http://blog.asilla.net/bigdata/bat_dau_voi_big_data___phan_1.html
[4] Tuan, D.Q. Facebook x l hn 500 TB d liu mi ngy. 23/08/2012 Available from:
http://www.thongtincongnghe.com/article/37841
[5] [6] L Th Qunh Nga, Nguyn Mnh Tun ( Khoa H Thng Thng Tin Kinh Doanh H
Kinh T TP. HCM), BIG DATA: BC TRANH TON CNH - TP SAN TIN HC QUN
L, Tp 03, S 1&2, 2014, 53-73.)
[7] [8] Cc ng dng ca Big Data, Available from http://khonet.com/cac-ung-dung-cua-bigdata-1.html
[9] Anh Th, K nguyn ca Big Data, 10/08/2014, Available from http://www.baomoi.com/Kynguyen-cua-Big-Data/c/14531972.epi

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Nhm 101: Big Data