Eating habits, hygiene practices, physical exercises and some associated factors among school students aged 13-17 at Hai Phong in 2017

- SCHOOL STUDENTS AGED 13-17 AT HAI PHONG IN 2017.
- Research, Vietnam National Cancer Hospital A cross-sectional descriptive study with a target to describe eating habits, hygiene practices, physical exercise and some associated factors among school students aged 13-17 at Hai Phong in 2017.
- A sample of 1548 students participated in the survey using self-reported questionnaires.
- and 23.4% of students drank carbonated soft drinks ≥ 1 time/day.
- 43.2% of students did not usually wash hand before eating and after using the toilet and 34.9% did not usually wash hand with soap.
- 43.3% of students did not walk or cycle to school, and 36.4% did not play sport (during 7 days)..
- Risk factors that increase improper health behavior include students in the age group 16-17, educational attainment of a parent who has not graduated from high school, being overweight/obese and not being educated health.
- A majority of life-threatening disease around the world is associated with health risk behaviors.¹ Particularly, many of the chronic non-communicable diseases of the adult years are demonstrated to arise from behaviors that start or are reinforced in school years, including unhealthy diets, lack of physical activity, tobacco.
- In 2001, the World Health Organization, in collaboration with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention designed the collaborative surveillance project of the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) to measure and assess the behavioral risk factors and protective factors among students ranging between 13 and 17 years old at the national level.³ As of December 2013, 94 countries have participated in the project, and more than 450,000 students have completed GSHS survey.⁴ In Vietnam, a report from the 2013 GSHS showed that the percentage of underweight students was 16.4%, overweight was 6.4%, obese was 1,2%.
- the proportion of students who usually brushed their teeth less than one time per day, never or rarely washed Corresponding author: Tran Quynh Anh,.
- It is undeniable that health behavior is the critical area where health psychology can and has made significant contributions to improving health among the youth.⁶ Additionally, school students' health behaviors tend to change over time and are influenced by changes in socioeconomic conditions, educational intervention programs.³ The immediate and long- term intervention for student health care needs to be based on up-to-date evidence of students' health status in various settings and areas..
- "To describe eating habits, hygiene practices, physical exercise and some associated factors among school students aged 13 - 17 at Hai Phong in 2017".
- Participants who met the following inclusion criteria took part in the survey: (1) was in grade from 7 to 12 in the last school year.
- (2) agreeing to take part in the study.
- Study time: The study was conducted from October 2017 to May 2018..
- Study site: The study was conducted in six schools in three districts of Hai Phong province, including three secondary schools and three high schools..
- p: Estimated proportion of school students who adopt health behaviors (because this study examines various health risk behaviors, use p = 0.5 to maximize sample size).
- By using the formula above, the maximum of students for the survey is 800.
- We recruited 1548 students in the survey..
- Sampling selection: This study employed a multi-stage cluster sample design: (1) At the first stage, purposive sampling selects two schools in the urban area and two in the rural areas.
- These two schools include one secondary school and one high school.
- We chose two or three classes in each grade depending on the sizes of the classes..
- Data collection techniques: The study applied indirect interview techniques with an anonymous questionnaire..
- This study used a part of the school-based student health survey (GSHS) questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization..
- 2013 by the Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, and concerned authorities with the support of the WHO and CDC.⁷.
- This study focused on five key health behaviors among school students.
- collected, including (1) Demographic characteristics: gender, age, father's education level, mother's education level, number of siblings, the birth order in the family, academic achievement, conduct, BMI.
- (2) Student health behavioral characteristics include eating habits, hygiene practices, physical exercises..
- Descriptive statistics were used to examine characteristic data and student health behavior, include frequency and proportion.
- We applied a binary logistic regression model to determine the factors associated with student health behavior.
- The study proposal was approved by the General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vietnam (Decision No96/.
- All students in the study provided their consent before survey was administered.
- Personal characteristics of the participants.
- Father’s education level Not graduated from high school 413 26.7 High school graduate or higher 1135 73.3.
- Mother’s education Level Not graduated from high school 398 25.7 High school graduate or higher 1150 74.3.
- The birth order in the family No siblings/firstborn 782 50.5.
- Most of the parents' education levels are from high school and above.
- Eating fruits and vegetable <.
- Not usually wash hand before eating and after using the toilet 669 43.2.
- Not usually wash hand with soap 541 34.9.
- A high proportion of students do not usually wash hand before eating and after using the toilet (43.2.
- not usually wash hand with soap (34.9.
- Most of the study subjects physically active for.
- Eating fruits and vegetable.
- 5 times/ day.
- 2 times/day.
- Not usually wash hand before eating and after using.
- Completed High school) Not completed.
- High School .
- The behavior of eating fruits and vegetables the risk factors that increase unhealthy behavior include: age group 16 - 17 (OR = 1.43.
- 95%CI mother's education not completed high school (OR = 1.46.
- 95%CI father education not completed high school (OR = 1.46;.
- 95%CI overweight/obese (OR = 1.62.
- 95%CI next to that protection factors are defined as conduct fair/weak (OR = 0.43.
- 95%CI .
- The behavior hygiene risk factors that increase unhealthy behavior include male (OR = 1.46.
- 95%CI mother's education not completed high school (OR = 1.59.
- 95%CI father education not completed high school (OR = 1.43.
- 95%CI:.
- The behavior washes hand before eating and after using a toilet, risk factors that increase unhealthy behavior include mother's education not completed high school (OR = 1.53.
- 95%CI father education not completed high school (OR = 1.54.
- conduct good (OR = 1.49.
- and not being educated health (OR = 1.47.
- The behavior physical exercises, risk factors that increase unhealthy behavior include: age group 16 - 17 (OR = 1.38.
- 95%CI overweight/.
- obese (OR = 1.72.
- 95%CI and not being educated health (OR = 1.55.
- An adequate intake of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet reduces the risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity.⁸ It is established that unhealthy eating habits that once formed at a younger age can lead to an intermediate and long-term health consequence.⁹ Results from the study show that the great majority of school students (up to 75.2%) did not eat the recommended five or more servings of fruits and vegetables on a daily basis.
- The proportion of students who drank carbonated soft drinks one or more times a day was 23.1%..
- This rate is relatively low compared with trends in other countries in the same region.
- For example, according to the GSHS Thailand report of the students reported that they had regularly consumed carbonated soft drinks one or more times a day, and 54.7% of those who had dined at fast-food restaurants on three or more days during 7 days.
- 10 One of the main reasons was the fact that two-thirds of the sample located in the rural area where the access or the availability of those products are insufficient to some extent..
- our study results showed that only 16.3% of students brush their teeth less than twice times/.
- 12 However, this result is also lower than research in other countries in the region, such as Thailand (12.8.
- 12 In terms of handwashing behavior, the study found that the proportions reported for not usually wash hand before eating and after using the toilet 43.2%, washing their hands with soap 34.9%.
- These findings compare somewhat with other regions, i.e., in nine African countries, 37.8% did not always wash their hands before eating, 41.6%.
- did not always wash hands after toilet or latrine use, and 65% did not always wash hands with soap.
- 14,15 The study results also showed that the behavior of not usually wash hands before eating and after using the toilet was higher in the group without health education..
- As a result showed, a substantial majority (77.9%) of students in Hai Phong were physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day on less than five days during the week preceding the survey.
- of the students did not walk or ride a bicycle to or from school.
- These findings are in line with the results of the Vietnam GSHS 2013 Factsheet, which indicated that students' level of participation in physical activities is low, while the level of sedentary activities is excessively high.⁵ The proportions of physical inactivity obtained in this study are lower than what Aguilar-Farias et al.
- Regarding the association factor, the study results showed more inactivity among female students, 16 -17-year-olds, overweight/.
- thus, some respondents might have misreported either intentionally or inadvertently on any of the questions asked..
- therefore, we cannot determine causality to any of the study's associated factors..
- This study has proved a large number of school students in Hai Phong still did not pay much attention to their health through their performance of health behaviors.
- Featured as their level of fruits and vegetable intake was relatively low, a substantial majority of students reported engaging in insufficient physical activity, nearly half of our students do not usually wash hands before eating and after using the toilet.
- Risk factors that increase improper health behavior include students in the age group 16- 17, educational attainment of a parent who has not graduated from high school, being overweight / obese and not being educated health.
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