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A natureza das fragilidades no relacionamentos energético entre a União Europeia e a Federação Russa -- implicações no quadro da crise em curso (apresentação IESM, em Fevereiro de 2012, NÃO PUBLICADA)
Armando Marques Guedes (2012), A natureza das fragilidades no relacionamento energético entre a União Europeia e a Federação Russa -- implicações no quadro da crise em curso (apresentação no IESM, Fevereiro de 2012, unpublished, albeit widely circulated within the Military University Institute).2012 •
Na presente apresentação pretendo, entre outras coisas, abordar aquilo que – num livro recente para o qual tive o gosto de escrever um Prefácio e que teve por base uma dissertação sua que orientei na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Nova – Francisco Briosa e Gala apelidou de “a volatilidade do ordenamento jurídico em matéria de segurança de aprovisionamento de gás na União Europeia”. A linha de argumentação adoptada por Briosa e Gala é simples: segundo ele, “a intensidade da dinâmica política [do relacionamento entre a EU e os seus fornecedores, e muito em especial a Federação Russa] não permite nem aconselha uma maior estabilidade nem uma maior densidade normativa”. Para se tornar inteligível, quero aqui argumentar, em boa verdade – e embora esta não seja decerto a única condicionante, tratando-se mais de um enquadramento conjuntural de peso – a análise do direito europeu tem de se ver contextualizada sistematicamente pelas crises russo-ucranianas em torno do gás; e tem de se ver acompanhada pela observação crítica da actuação dos Estados-Membros face aos grandes projectos europeus que vão emergindo no sector. Olhar as questões por este prisma, permite-nos com maior nitidez identificar os constrangimentos que reputo de mais importantes: ou seja, a responsabilidade que deve ser imputada às actuações individuais dos Estados-Membros no insucesso de uma política energética europeia reactiva, lenta na elaboração, e incompleta no seu âmbito. Tal como facilita o equacionamento das suas implicações no quadro da crise na qual, atual e infelizmente, vivemos. O foco será colocado tanto na indesejável dependência do gás russo, quanto na clara saturação das rotas de fornecimento. Esta realidade exige olhar para a articulação dos protagonistas – para a segurança do fornecimento de gás à União – e, muito em especial, quer a Ucrânia, quer a Rússia. Para tal, desenharei, naturalmente apenas em esquisso, uma breve incursão geopolítica no “interesse energético” destes dois Estados. Faço-o na medida em que tal é condição para compreender as causas das “guerras do gás” que têm tido lugar entre o Estado russo e o ucraniano, no que diz respeito ao aprovisionamento de gás natural.
Scientific Reports
Modeling pluralism and self-regulation explains the emergence of cooperation in networked societiesUnderstanding the dynamics of cooperative behavior of individuals in complex societies represents a fundamental research question which puzzles scientists working in heterogeneous fields. Many studies have been developed using the unitary agent assumption, which embeds the idea that when making decisions, individuals share the same socio-cultural parameters. In this paper, we propose the ECHO-EGN model, based on Evolutionary Game Theory, which relaxes this strong assumption by considering the heterogeneity of three fundamental socio-cultural aspects ruling the behavior of groups of people: the propensity to be more cooperative with members of the same group (Endogamic cooperation), the propensity to cooperate with the public domain (Civicness) and the propensity to prefer connections with members of the same group (Homophily). The ECHO-EGN model is shown to have high performance in describing real world behavior of interacting individuals living in complex environments. Extensive nu...
NIDS International Symposium, January 30, 2019 "A New Strategic Environment and Roles of Ground Forces"
"Hybrid Warfare" and Russia's Ground Forces2018 •
"Hybrid warfare" lacks a commonly agreed definition among Russia's adversaries, and the potential for confusion is even greater when including Russia's own understanding of the phrase. So when considering Russia and "hybrid", the first task is to define or discard the term. While widespread use of hybrid terminology has been linked in foreign writing to Russian doctrine, critics point out that it does not adequately or appropriately reflect Russian thinking about the nature of conflict, and hence the full range of options available to Russian planners. Occasional doctrinal references to asymmetric tactics and non-military means for reaching strategic goals do not mean that Russia has a preconceived hybrid-war doctrine or that this would account for the totality of Russian strategic planning. In fact, Russian strategists use the concept of "hybrid war" to describe alleged Western efforts to destabilise adversaries such as Russia itself. Overall, current development of Russian conventional military organisation, equipment and doctrine is influenced by practical lessons from operations in Syria where these capabilities are employed, developed and tested, rather than by foreign notions of "hybrid warfare". Examining assessments of lessons learned from Russia's operations in Syria demonstrates clearly how exaggerating the centrality of hybrid warfare in Russian strategy is a distraction from continued Russian emphasis on preparing its regular forces for high-end, high-intensity conflict. Nevertheless Russia also effectively leverages interaction between conventional military forces and other implements of power.
This paper reviews the methodological utility of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in heritage studies. Using the Burra Charter as a case study, we argue that the way we talk, write and otherwise represent heritage both constitutes and is constituted by the operation of a dominant discourse. In identifying the discursive construction of heritage, the paper argues we may reveal competing and conflicting discourses and the power relations that underpin the power/knowledge relations between expertise and community interests. This identification presents an opportunity for the resolution of conflicts and ambiguities in the pursuit of equitable dialogues and social inclusion.
maaf copy, hanya mencoba
HUKUM AGRARIA NASIONAL SEBAGAI PRODUK POLITIK BERBASISKAN NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA2019 •
A. Pendahuluan Indonesia menjadi Negara hukum karena "dipaksa" melalui pencangkokan (transplantasi) hukum oleh Belanda. Pemaksaan ini dilakukan tanpa melalui proses musyawarah ataupun menunggu keambrukan suatu sistem sosial Indonesia. Proses lompatan sistem sosial dari tradisonal dan feodal langsung ke negara hukum. Substansi negara hukum pada masa penjajahan menjadi sangat kompleks, karena terjadi dualisme hukum (hukum barat dan hukum adat) khususnya hukum agraria. Lebih kompleks lagi karena hukum adat sendiri bersifat kedaerahan sehingga terdapat pluralisme hukum di Indonesia pada waktu itu. Indonesia sebagai negara baru supaya dapat berdiri sejajar dengan negara-negara lain perlu membuka diri dan berinterkasi dalam percaturan dunia global. Oleh karenanya diperlukan hukum agraria nasional yang mampu mengakomodasi kepentingan masyarakat internasional, tanpa harus mengalahkan sifat kenasionalan. Lebih dari itu perlu dijaga agar nasionalisme itu tidak luntur karena desakan hukum internasional. Oengan kata lain, hukum nasional harus disusun dalam semangat menjaga kedaulatan hukum alas negeri sendiri. Maka arah pembangunan hukum agraria nasional yang dilandasi oleh cita hukum dan cetak biru masyarakat di dalam UUO NRI 1945, tidak sepenuhnya sama dengan cita-cita kapitalisme global.' Seperti prinsip kekeluargaan, penolakan terhadap dominasi kepentingan perorangan di atas kepentingan rakyat banyak, tanah berfungsi sosial, pengakuan hak ulayat, prinsip nasionalisme penguasaan tanah, pembangunan ekonomi untuk Kata Kunci: Pancasila, HukumAgraria, Produk Politik. Kajian hukum ini untuk mengetahui: perwujudan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam hukum agraria nasional dan substansi hukum agraria nasional sebagai produk politik. Hasil kajian disimpulkan bahwa nilai-nilai Pancasila telah mengakar sedemikian kuat dalam UUPA, sehingga potensial sebagai sarana untuk menjelaskan, mengantisipasi dan memberi solusi segala persoalan hukum agraria di Indonesia. UUPA sebagai produk politik berkarakter responsif dan memenuhi tuntutan rasa keadilan yang didambakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Abstrak Key words : Pancasila, Agrarian Law, The Product of Politics. The study of this law to know: embodiment of the values rrof Pancasila in the national agrarian law and substance of national agrarian law as a product of politics. Conclude that the results of the study: values Pancasila has entrenched in such strong in UUPA, so potential as a means to explain, anticipate, and giving the solution all legal problem of agrarian law in Indonesia. UUPA as the product of a poHtical characterless responsive, and appeasing a sense of justice coveted by Indonesian people. Abstract FX. Sumarja Fakultas Hukum Umvers1tas Lampung Jalan Prof. Or Ir Soematn Broionegoro No. I, Gedungmeneng, Bandar Lampung 35145
Journal of Plant Physiology and Breeding
Impact of ascorbic acid on seed yield and its components in sweet corn (Zea mays L.) under drought stress 2 and Sajjad MoharramnejadRoyal Society Open Science
Genetic diversity of the Nubian ibex in Oman as revealed by mitochondrial DNA2021 •
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Author Correction: Coronary vessels contribute to de novo endocardial cells in the endocardium-depleted heart2023 •
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ARIEL: A Review of International English …
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Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena
Interaction of small molecules with Mg and MgO surfaces studied with MIES and UPS(HeI)1998 •