This study aimed to define the nasopharyngeal carrier rates, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children less than ten years-old in Tehran. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2008 until January 2009. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected by trained investigators from 1300 healthy children recruited from 20 randomly selected day care centers and 50 elementary schools in Tehran and inoculated into blood agar. Positive cultures that grew alpha-hemolytic colonies were gram-stained and serotypes of the isolates identified by the Quellung reaction. All isolated pneumococci were tested for sensitivity to different antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. The carrier rate for Streptococcus pneumoniae was 44.1%. Serotypes 19, 6, 14, 17, 20, 23, and 21 were most common, found in decreasing order from 11.9% to 6.1%. Only 38.56% of isolates belonged to strains covered by the heptavalent pneumococcal vaccin...

SummaryThe presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercial smoked fillets of tuna, swordfish and Atlantic salmon was studied. In Europe, the smoking technique is widely used in fish processing and these species are the most representative of the taste of consumers for smoked products. Samples were purchased on the Italian market and analysed by HPLC. Mean concentrations (ng g−1) of acenaphthene (4.4, 6.2, 11.2), phenanthrene (11.5, 18.5, 8.9), anthracene (2.4, 5.2, 1.8), fluoranthene (17.0, 9.4, 4.7), benzo(k)fluoranthene (0.3, 0.1, 0.2) and benzo(a)pyrene (1.3, 0.1, 0.4) were found in Atlantic salmon, tuna and swordfish respectively. Benzo(b)fluoranthene (1.2 ng g−1) was detected only in Atlantic salmon whereas dibenz(a,h)anthracene was never detected in this species, but only in tuna (0.5 ng g−1) and swordfish (1.1 ng g−1). Atlantic salmon contained the highest level of benzo(a)pyrene (2.8 ng g−1) which is below the European regulatory level of 5 ng g−1.

Explaining the reason for model’s output as diabetes positive or negative is crucial for diabetes diagnosis. Because, reasoning the predictive outcome of model helps to understand why the model predicted an instance into diabetes positive or negative class. In recent years, highest predictive accuracy and promising result is achieved with simple linear model to complex deep neural network. However, the use of complex model such as ensemble and deep learning have trade-off between accuracy and interpretability. In response to the problem of interpretability, different approaches have been proposed to explain the predictive outcome of complex model. However, the relationship between the proposed approaches and the preferred approach for diabetes prediction is not clear. To address this problem, the authors aimed to implement and compare existing model interpretation approaches, local interpretable model agnostic explanation (LIME), shapely additive explanation (SHAP) and permutation f...

সন্মাত্রানন্দ একুশ শতকের অন্যতম পরিচিত, আলোচিত এবং বিপুল পাঠক দ্বারা সমাদৃত লেখক। তাঁর ছোটগল্পের অসামান্য কৌশল ও শৈলী কথাসাহিত্যে নতুন মাত্রা এনেছে। শব্দের প্রাণ প্রতিষ্ঠা কাব্যিক কলার প্রয়োগে মেটাফরিক ইমেজ জাগ্রত করে বারবার। আখ্যানতত্ত্বের প্রথাগত ধারা দিয়ে খুঁজলে বিষণ্ণ হতে হবে কিন্তু লেখকের নিজস্বতাকে স্বীকার করলে 'ধীরে বহে বেত্রবতী' তজেকে 'ভামতী-অশ্রুমতি' অসামান্য আখ্যান। টুকরো টুকরো পাহাড়ে তাল তাল কালো মেঘ। 'তবু একলব্য' গল্প সং্খ্যায় 'সন্মাত্রানন্দের গল্পভুবন: ধীরে বহে বেত্রবতী' লঙ্গিনাসের সামলিমিটির চোখে দেখা ছবি।

This article discusses relative clauses in different varieties of German, paying special attention to the case of the relative pronoun. It is argued that the possible diachronic and dialectal variation is determined by two conditions, called C-visibility and case visibility, and their interaction. The article is structured as follows. First some characteristics of Old High German (OHG) and Middle High German (MHG) pertaining to relative clauses are described: the relative pronoun may bear a case assigned by the matrix clause (case attraction) and there are asyndetic relative clauses. Case attraction is shown to obey a condition of case visibility operating on a case hierarchy. Section 3 deals with relative clauses in New High German (NHG), where, in contrast to OHG and MHG, the relative pronoun may not be deleted and there is no case attraction. These changes are argued to be closely connected with changes in verbal position. In contrast to the earlier stages of German, a clause-fin...

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