TRNG TRUNG CP KT KT TRN I NGHA -------------------------------------

Ti:

THIT K H THNG MNG VLAN

Mn: THIT K LP T

H THNG MNG

GVHD :PHM QUANG TNG SVTH :NGUYN VIT THANH THO

NHN XT CA GIO VIN

Li ni u
Theo xu hng pht trin ca x hi ngy nay,ngnh cng ngh thng tin(CNTT) l mt trong nhng ngnh khng th thiu,mng li thng tin lin lc trn th gii ngy cng pht trin ,mi ngi ai cng mun cp nht thng tin mt cch nhanh nht v chnh xc nht. Da vo nhng nhu cu thc tin , v vy chng ta pht trin h thng mng, nng cp h thng mng c, u t trang thit b tin tin ti u ha thng tin mt cch nhanh nht. Vic ng dng CNTT vo cc x nghip ,con quan, trng hc l mt trong nhng yu t rt quan trng. Trong khun kh n tt nghip h k thut vin chng ti trnh by v Kho st, thit k v xy dng mng Lan cho trng Trung Cp K Thut Ngh Trn i Ngha. Xin chn thnh cm n!

Nha trang, ngy 11 thng 5 nm 2011

TNG QUAN V MNG LAN V THIT K MNG LAN

A.C S L TUYT I. Tng quan v Mng my tnh V c bn, mt mng my tnh l mt s cc my tnh c ni kt vi nhau theo mt cch no . Khc vi cc trm truyn hnh ch gi thng tin i, cc mng my tnh lun hai chiu, sao cho khi my tnh A gi thng tin ti my tnh B th B c th tr li li cho A. Ni mt cch khc, mt s my tnh c kt ni vi nhau v c th trao i thng tin cho nhau gi l mng my tnh. T nhiu my tnh ring r, c lp vi nhau, nu ta kt ni chng li thnh mng my tnh th chng c thm nhng u im sau: Nhiu ngi c th dng chung mt phn mm tin ch. Mt nhm ngi cng thc hin mt n nu ni mng h s dng chung d liu ca n, dng chung tp tin chnh (master file) ca n, h trao i thng tin vi nhau ddng. D liu c qun l tp trung nn an ton hn, trao i gia nhng ngi s dng thun li hn, nhanh chng hn. C th dng chung thit b ngoi vi him, t tin (my in, my v,...). Ngi s dng trao i vi nhau th tn d dng (E-Mail) v c th s dng h mng nh l mt cng c ph bin tin tc, thng bo v mt chnh sch mi, v ni dung bui hp, v cc thng tin kinh t khc nh gi c th trng, tin rao vt (mun bn hoc mun mua mt ci g ), hoc sp xp thi kho biu ca mnh chen ln vi thi kho biu ca nhng ngi khc,... Mt s ngi s dng khng cn phi trang b my tnh t tin (chi ph thp m chc nng li mnh). Mng my tnh cho php ngi lp trnh mt trung tm my tnh ny c th s dng cc chng trnh tin ch ca mt trung tm my tnh khc ang ri, s lm tng hiu qukinh t ca h thng. Rt an ton cho d liu v phn mm v phn mm mng s kho cc tp tin (files) khi c nhng ngi khng quyn hn truy xut cc tp tin v th mc .

Mng my tnh c th phn b trn mt vng lnh th nht nh v c th phn b trong phm vi mt quc gia hay quc t. Da vo phm vi phn b ca mng ngi ta c th phn ra cc loi mng nh sau: GAN (Global Area Network) kt ni my tnh t cc chu lc khc nhau. Thng thng kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua mng vin thng v v tinh. WAN (Wide Area Network) - Mng din rng, kt ni my tnh trong ni b cc quc gia hay gia cc quc gia trong cng mt chu lc. Thng thng kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua mng vin thng. Cc WAN c th c kt ni vi nhau thnh GAN hay t n l GAN. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) kt ni cc my tnh trong phm vi mt thnh ph. Kt ni ny c thc hin thng qua cc mi trng truyn thng tc cao (50100 Mbit/s). LAN (Local Area Network) - Mng cc b, kt ni cc my tnh trong mt khu vc bn knh hp thng thng khong vi trm mt. Kt ni c thc hin thng qua cc mi trng truyn thng tc cao v d cp ng trc thay cp quang. LAN thng c s dng trong ni b mt c quan/t chc...Cc LAN c th c kt ni vi nhau thnh WAN. Trong cc khi nim ni trn, WAN v LAN l hai khi nim hay c s dng nht. 1. Mng cc b - LAN Mng cc b (LAN) l h truyn thng tc cao c thit k kt ni cc my tnh v cc thit b x l d liu khc cng hot ng vi nhau trong mt khu vc a l nh nh mt tng ca to nh, hoc trong mt to nh.... Mt s mng LAN c th kt ni li vi nhau trong mt khu lm vic. Cc mng LAN tr nn thng dng v n cho php nhng ngi s dng (users) dng chung nhng ti nguyn quan trng nh my in mu, a CD-ROM, cc phn mm ng dng v nhng thng tin cn thit khc. Trc khi pht trin cng ngh LAN cc my tnh l c lp vi nhau, b hn ch bi s lng cc chng trnh tin ch, sau khi kt ni mng r rng hiu qu ca chng tng ln gp bi. tn dng ht nhng u im ca mng LAN ngi ta kt ni cc LAN ring bit vo mng chnh yu din rng (WAN). Cc thit b gn vi mng LAN u dng chung mt phng tin truyn tin l dy cp, cp thng dng hin nay l: Cp ng trc (Coaxial cable), Cp dy xon (shielded twisted pair), cp quang (Fiber optic),....

Mi loi dy cp u c tnh nng khc nhau. Dy cp ng trc c ch to gm mt dy ng gia cht cch in, chung quanh cht cch in c qun bng dy bn kim loi dng lm dy t. Gia dy ng dn in v dy t c mt lp cch ly, ngoi cng l mt v bc bo v. Dy ng trc c hai loi, loi nh (Thin) v loi to (Thick). Dy cp ng trc c thit k truyn tin cho bng tn c bn (Base Band) hoc bng tn rng (broadband). Dy cp loi to dng cho ng xa, dy cp nh dng cho ng gn, tc truyn tin qua cp ng trc c th t ti 35 Mbit/s. Dy cp xon c ch to bng hai si dy ng (c v bc) xon vo nhau, ngoi cng c hoc khng c lp v bc bo v chng nhiu. Dy cp quang lm bng cc si quang hc, truyn d liu xa, an ton v khng b nhiu v chng c han r. Tc truyn tin qua cp quang c th t 100 Mbit/s. Nhn chung, yu t quyt nh s dng loi cp no l ph thuc vo yu cu tc truyn tin, khong cch t cc thit b, yu cu an ton thng tin v cu hnh ca mng,....V d mng Ethernet 10 Base-T l mng dng knh truyn gii tn c bn vi thng lng 10 Mbit/s theo tiu chun quc t ISO/IEC 8802.3 ni bng i dy cp xon khng bc kim (UTP) trong Topology hnh sao. Vic kt ni cc my tnh vi mt dy cp c dng nh mt phng tin truyn tin chung cho tt c cc my tnh. Cng vic kt ni vt l vo mng c thc hin bng cch cm mt card giao tip mng NIC (Network Interface Card) vo trong my tnh v ni n vi cp mng. Sau khi kt ni vt l hon tt, qun l vic truyn tin gia cc trm trn mng tu thuc vo phn mm mng. u ni ca NIC vi dy cp c nhiu loi (ph thuc vo cp mng), hin nay c mt s NIC c hai hoc ba loi u ni. Chun dng cho NIC l NE2000 do hng Novell v Eagle dng ch to cc loi NIC ca mnh. Nu mt NIC tng thch vi chun NE2000 th ta c th dng n cho nhiu loi mng. NIC cng c cc loi khc nhau m bo s tng thch vi my tnh 8-bit v 16-bit. Mng LAN thng bao gm mt hoc mt s my ch (file server, host), cn gi l my phc v) v mt s my tnh khc gi l trm lm vic (Workstations) hoc cn gi l nt mng (Network node) - mt hoc mt s my tnh cng ni vo mt thit b nt. My ch thng l my c b x l (CPU) tc cao, b nh (RAM) v a cng (HD) ln. Trong mt trm m cc phng tin c dng chung, th khi mt trm mun gi thng ip cho trm khc, n dng mt phn mm trong trm lm vic t thng ip vo "phong b", phong b ny gi l gi (packet), bao gm d liu thng ip c bao

bc gia tn hiu u v tn hiu cui ( l nhng thng tin c bit) v s dng phn mm mng chuyn gi n trm ch. NIC s chuyn gi tn hiu vo mng LAN, gi tn hiu c truyn i nh mt dng cc bit d liu th hin bng cc bin thin tn hiu in. Khi n chy trong cp dng chung, mi trm gn vi cp u nhn c tn hiu ny, NIC mi trm s kim tra a ch ch trong tn hiu u ca gi xc nh ng a ch n, khi gi tn hiu i ti trm c a ch cn n, ch trm s sao gi tn hiu ri ly d liu ra khi phong b v a vo my tnh. 2. Cc kiu (Topology) ca mng LAN Topology ca mng l cu trc hnh hc khng gian m thc cht l cch b tr phn t ca mng cng nh cch ni gia chng vi nhau. Thng thng mng c 3 dng cu trc l: Mng dng hnh sao (Star Topology), mng dng vng (Ring Topology) v mng dng tuyn (Linear Bus Topology). Ngoi 3 dng cu hnh k trn cn c mt s dng khc bin tng t 3 dng ny nh mng dng cy, mng dng hnh sao - vng, mng hn hp,v.v.... 3. Mng dng hnh sao (Star topology) Mng dng hnh sao bao gm mt trung tm v cc nt thng tin. Cc nt thng tin l cc trm u cui, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc ca mng. Trung tm ca mng iu phi mi hot ng trong mng vi cc chc nng c bn l: Xc nh cp a ch gi v nhn c php chim tuyn thng tin v lin lc vi nhau. Cho php theo di v s l sai trong qu trnh trao i thng tin. Thng bo cc trng thi ca mng... Cc u im ca mng hnh sao: Hot ng theo nguyn l ni song song nn nu c mt thit b no mt nt thng tin b hng th mng vn hot ng bnh thng. Cu trc mng n gin v cc thut ton iu khin n nh. Mng c th m rng hoc thu hp tu theo yu cu ca ngi s dng.

Nhc im ca mng hnh sao:

Kh nng m rng mng hon ton ph thuc vo kh nng ca trung tm . Khi trung tm c s c th ton mng ngng hot ng. Mng yu cu ni c lp ring r tng thit b cc nt thng tin n trung tm. Khong cch t my n trung tm rt hn ch (100 m). Nhn chung, mng dng hnh sao cho php ni cc my tnh vo mt b tp trung (HUB) bng cp xon, gii php ny cho php ni trc tip my tnh vi HUB khng cn thng qua trc BUS, trnh c cc yu t gy ngng tr mng. Gn y, cng vi s pht trin switching hub, m hnh ny ngy cng tr nn ph bin v chim a s cc mng mi lp.

4. Mng hnh tuyn (Bus Topology) Theo cch b tr hnh lang cc ng nh hnh v th my ch (host) cng nh tt c cc my tnh khc (workstation) hoc cc nt (node) u c ni v vi nhau trn mt trc ng dy cp chnh chuyn ti tn hiu. Tt c cc nt u s dng chung ng dy cp chnh ny. Pha hai u dy cp c bt bi mt thit b gi l terminator. Cc tn hiu v gi d liu (packet) khi di chuyn ln hoc xung trong dy cp u mang theo i ch ca ni n. Loi hnh mng ny dng dy cp t nht, d lp t. Tuy vy cng c nhng bt li l s c s n tc giao thng khi di chuyn d liu vi lu lng ln v khi c s hng hc on no th rt kh pht hin, mt s ngng trn ng dy sa cha s ngng ton b h thng.

5. Mng dng vng (Ring Topology) Mng dng ny, b tr theo dng xoay vng, ng dy cp c thit k lm thnh mt vng khp kn, tn hiu chy quanh theo mt chiu no . Cc nt truyn tn hiu cho nhau mi thi im ch c mt nt m thi. D liu truyn i phi c km theo a ch c th ca mi trm tip nhn. Mng dng vng c thun li l c th ni rng ra xa, tng ng dy cn thit t hn so vi hai kiu trn. Nhc im l ng dy phi khp kn, nu b ngt mt ni no th ton b h thng cng b ngng.

6. Mng dng kt hp Kt hp hnh sao v tuyn (star/Bus Topology)

Cu hnh mng dng ny c b phn tch tn hiu (spitter) gi vai tr thit b trung tm, h thng dy cp mng c th chn hoc Ring Topology hoc Linear Bus Topology. Li im ca cu hnh ny l mng c th gm nhiu nhm lm vic cch xa nhau, ARCNET l mng dng kt hp Star/Bus Topology. Cu hnh dng ny a li s uyn chuyn trong vic b tr ng dy tng thch d dng i vi bt c to nh no. Kt hp hnh sao v vng (Star/Ring Topology) Cu hnh dng kt hp Star/Ring Topology, c mt "th bi" lin lc (Token) c chuyn vng quanh mt ci HUB trung tm. Mi trm lm vic (workstation) c ni vi HUB - l cu ni gia cc trm lm vic v tng khong cch cn thit II. Cc giao thc (Protocol) Mt tp cc tiu chun trao i thng tin gia hai h thng my tnh hoc hai thit b my tnh vi nhau c gi l giao thc (Protocol). Cc giao thc (Protocol) cn c gi l nghi thc hoc nh c ca mng my tnh. nh gi kh nng ca mt mng c phn chia bi cc trm nh th no. H s ny c quyt nh ch yu bi hiu qu s dng mi trng truy xut (medium access) ca giao thc, mi trng ny dng tuyn tnh hoc vng.... Mt trong cc giao thc c s dng nhiu trong cc LAN l:

1. Giao thc tranh chp (Contention Protocol) CSMA/CD CSMA l vit tt t ting Anh: Carrier Sense Multiple Access, cn CD l vit tt t: onllision Detect. S dng giao thc ny cc trm hon ton c quyn truyn d liu trn mng vi s lng nhiu hay t v mt cch ngu nhin hoc bt k khi no c nhu cu truyn d liu mi trm. Mi trm s kim tra tuyn v ch khi no tuyn khng bn mi bt u truyn cc gi d liu. CSMA/CD c ngun gc t h thng radio pht trin trng i hc Hawai vo khong nm 1970, gi l ALOHANET.

Vi phng php CSMA, thnh thong s c hn mt trm ng thi truyn d liu v to ra s xung t (collision) lm cho d liu thu c cc trm b sai lch. trnh s tranh chp ny mi trm u phi pht hin c s xung t d liu. Trm pht phi kim tra Bus trong khi gi d liu xc nhn rng tn hiu trn Bus tht s ng, nh vy mi c th pht hin c bt k xung t no c th xy ra. Khi pht hin c mt s xung t, lp tc trm pht s gi i mt mu lm nhiu (Jamming) nh trc bo cho tt c cc trm l c s xung t xy ra v chng s b qua gi d liu ny. Sau trm pht s tr hon mt khong thi gian ngu nhin trc khi pht li d liu. u im ca CSMA/CD l n gin, mm do, hiu qu truyn thng tin cao khi lu lng thng tin ca mng thp v c tnh t bin. Vic thm vo hay dch chuyn cc trm trn tuyn khng nh hng n cc th tc ca giao thc. im bt li ca CSMA/CD l hiu sut ca tuyn gim xung nhanh chng khi phi ti qu nhiu thng tin. 2. Giao thc truyn token (Token passing protocol) y l giao thc thng dng sau CSMA/CD c dng trong cc LAN c cu trc vng (Ring). Trong phng php ny, khi iu khin mng hoc token c truyn ln lt t trm ny n trm khc. Token l mt khi d liu c bit. Khi mt trm ang chim token th n c th pht i mt gi d liu. Khi pht ht gi d liu cho php hoc khng cn g pht na th trm li gi token sang trm k tip. Trong token c cha mt a ch ch v c lun chuyn ti cc trm theo mt trt t nh trc. i vi cu hnh mng dng xoay vng th trt t ca s truyn token tng ng vi trt t vt l ca cc trm xung quanh vng. Giao thc truyn token c trt t hn nhng cng phc tp hn CSMA/CD, c u im l vn hot ng tt khi lu lng truyn thng ln. Giao thc truyn token tun th ng s phn chia ca mi trng mng, hot ng da vo s xoay vng ti cc trm. Vic truyn token s khng thc hin c nu vic xoay vng b t on. Giao thc phi cha cc th tc kim tra token cho php khi phc li token b mt hoc thay th trng thi ca token v cung cp cc phng tin sa i logic (thm vo, bt i hoc nh li trt t ca cc trm). III. Cc chun ca mng my tnh mng t kh nng ti a, cc tiu chun c chn phi cho php m rng mng c th phc v nhng ng dng khng d kin trc trong tng lai ti lc lp t h thng v iu cng cho php mng lm vic vi nhng thit b c sn xut t nhiu hng khc nhau. Hi ng tiu chun quc t l ISO (International Standards Organization), do cc nc thnh vin lp nn. Cng vic Bc M chu s iu hnh ca ANSI (American National Standards Institude) Hoa K. ANSI u thc cho IEEE (Institude of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers) pht trin v ra nhng tiu chun k thut cho LAN. ISO a ra m hnh 7 mc (layers, cn gi l lp hay tng) cho mng, gi l kiu h thng kt ni m hoc m hnh OSI (Open System Interconnection). Chc nng ca mc thp bao gm c vic chun b cho mc cao hn hon thnh chc nng ca mnh. Mt mng hon chnh hot ng vi mi chc nng ca mnh phi m bo c 7 mc cu trc t thp n cao.

Mc 1: Mc vt l (Physical layer) Thc cht ca mc ny l thc hin ni lin cc phn t ca mng thnh mt h thng bng cc phng php vt l, mc ny s c cc th tc m bo cho cc yu cu v chuyn mch hot ng nhm to ra cc ng truyn thc cho cc chui bit thng tin. Mc 2: Mc mc ni d liu (Data Link Layer)

Nhim v ca mc ny l tin hnh chuyn i thng tin di dng chui cc bit mc mng thnh tng on thng tin gi l frame. Sau m bo truyn lin tip cc frame ti mc vt l, ng thi x l cc thng bo t trm thu gi tr li. Ni tm li, nhim v chnh ca mc 2 ny l khi to v t chc cc frame cng nh x l cc thng tin lin quan ti n. Mc 3: Mc mng (Network Layer) Mc mng nhm bo m trao i thng tin gia cc mng con trong mt mng ln, mc ny cn c gi l mc thng tin gia cc mng con vi nhau. Trong mc mng cc gi d liu c th truyn i theo tng ng khc nhau ti ch. Do vy, mc ny phi ch ra c con ng no d liu c th i v con ng no b cm ti thi im . Thng mc mng c s dng trong trng hp mng c nhiu mng con hoc cc mng ln v phn b trn mt khng gian rng vi nhiu nt thng tin khc nhau. Mc 4: Mc truyn (Transport Layer) Nhim v ca mc ny l x l cc thng tin chuyn tip cc chc nng t mc trn n (mc tip xc) n mc di n (mc mng) v ngc li. Thc cht mc truyn l m bo thng tin gia cc my ch vi nhau. Mc ny nhn cc thng tin t mc tip xc, phn chia thnh cc n v d liu nh hn v chuyn chng ti mc mng. Mc 5: Mc tip xc (Session Layer) Mc ny cho php ngi s dng tip xc vi nhau qua mng. Nh mc tip xc nhng ngi s dng lp c cc ng ni vi nhau, khi cuc hi thoi c thnh lp th mc ny c th qun l cuc hi thoi theo yu cu ca ngi s dng. Mt ng ni gia nhng ngi s dng c gi l mt cuc tip xc. Cuc tip xc cho php ngi s dng c ng k vo mt h thng phn chia thi gian t xa hoc chuyn mt file gia 2 my. Mc 6: Mc tip nhn (Presentation Layer) Mc ny gii quyt cc th tc tip nhn d liu mt cch chnh quy vo mng, nhim v ca mc ny l la chn cch tip nhn d liu, bin i cc k t, ch s ca m ASCII hay cc m khc v cc k t iu khin thnh mt kiu m nh phn thng nht cc loi my khc nhau u c th thm nhp vo h thng mng. Mc 7: Mc ng dng (Application Layer) Mc ny c nhim v phc v trc tip cho ngi s dng, cung cp tt c cc yu cu phi ghp cn thit cho ngi s dng, yu cu phc v chung nh chuyn cc file,

s dng cc terminal ca h thng,.... Mc s dng bo m t ng ho qu trnh thng tin, gip cho ngi s dng khai thc mng tt nht. H thng kt ni m OSI l h thng cho php truyn thng tin vi cc h thng khc, trong cc mng khc nhau, s dng nhng giao thc khc nhau, c th thng bo cho nhau thng qua chng trnh Pastren chuyn t mt giao thc ny sang mt giao thc khc. IV. Chun IEEE Tiu chun IEEE LAN c pht trin da vo u ban IEEE 802. Tiu chun IEEE 802.3 lin quan ti mng CSMA/CD bao gm c 2 version bng tn c bn v bng tn m rng. Tiu chun IEEE 802.4 lin quan ti s sp xp tuyn token v IEEE 802.5 gm cc vng truyn token. Theo chun 802 th mc ni d liu c chia thnh 2 mc con: mc con iu khin logic LLC (Logical Link Control Sublayer) v mc con iu khin xm nhp mng MAC (Media Access Control Sublayer). Mc con LLC gi vai tr t chc d liu, t chc thng tin truyn v nhn. Mc con MAC ch lm nhim v iu khin vic xm nhp mng. Th tc mc con LLC khng b nh hng khi s dng cc ng truyn dn khc nhau, nh vy m linh hot hn trong khai thc. Chun 802.2 mc con LLC tng ng vi chun HDLC ca ISO hoc X.25 ca CCITT. Chun 802.3 xc nh phng php thm nhp mng tc thi c kh nng pht hin li chng cho thng tin CSMA/CD. Phng php CSMA/CD c a ra t nm 1993 nhm mc ch nng cao hiu qu mng. Theo chun ny cc mc c ghp ni vi nhau thng qua cc b ghp ni. Chun 802.4 thc cht l phng php thm nhp mng theo kiu pht tn hiu thm d token qua cc trm v ng truyn bus. Chun 802.5 dng cho mng dng xoay vng v trn c s dng tn hiu thm d token. Mi trm khi nhn c tn hiu thm d token th tip nhn token v bt u qu trnh truyn thng tin di dng cc frame. Cc frame c cu trc tng t nh ca chun 802.4. Phng php xm nhp mng ny quy nh nhiu mc u tin khc nhau cho ton mng v cho mi trm, vic quy nh ny va cho ngi thit k va do ngi s dng t quy nh V. Mng ETHERNET

Ethernet l mng cc b do cc cng ty Xerox, Intel v Digital equipment xy dng v pht trin. Ethernet l mng thng dng nht i vi cc mng nh hin nay. Ethernet LAN c xy dng theo chun 7 lp trong cu trc mng ca ISO, mng truyn s liu Ethernet cho php a vo mng cc loi my tnh khc nhau k c my tnh mini. Ethernet c cc c tnh k thut ch yu sau y: C cu trc dng tuyn phn on, ng truyn dng cp ng trc, tn hiu truyn trn mng c m ho theo kiu ng b (Manchester), tc truyn d liu l 10 Mb/s. Chiu di ti a ca mt on cp tuyn l 500m, cc on tuyn ny c th c kt ni li bng cch dng cc b chuyn tip v khong cch ln nht cho php gia 2 nt l 2,8 km. S dng tn hiu bng tn c bn, truy xut tuyn (bus access) hoc tuyn token (token bus), giao thc l CSMA/CD, d liu chuyn i trong cc gi. Gi (packet) thng tin dng trong mng c di t 64 n 1518 byte. VI. Mng TOKEN RING Ngoi Ethernet LAN mt cng ngh LAN ch yu khc ang c dng hin nay l Token Ring. Nguyn tc ca mng Token Ring c nh ngha trong tiu chun IEEE 802.5. Mng Token Ring c th chy tc 4Mbps hoc 16Mbps. Phng php truy cp dng trong mng Token Ring gi l Token passing . Token passing l phng php truy nhp xc nh, trong cc xung t c ngn nga bng cch mi thi im ch mt trm c th c truyn tn hiu. iu ny c thc hin bng vic truyn mt b tn hiu c bit gi l Token (m thng bo) xoay vng t trm ny qua trm khc. Mt trm ch c th gi i b d liu khi n nhn c m khng bn. VII. Cc thit b kt ni chnh ca LAN Hub Hub l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng nht ca LAN, y l im kt ni dy trung tm ca mng, tt c cc trm trn mng LAN c kt ni thng qua HUB. Mt hub thng thng c nhiu cng ni vi ngi s dng gn my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi. Mi cng h tr mt b kt ni dng cp dy xon 10BASET t mi trm ca mng. Khi b tn hiu Ethernet c truyn t mt trm ti hub, n c lp li trn khp cc cng khc ca hub. Cc hub thng minh c th nh dng, kim tra, cho php hoc khng cho php bi ngi iu hnh mng t trung tm qun l hub. C ba loi hub: Hub n (stand alone hub)

 Hub phn tng (stackable hub, c ti liu gi l HUB sp xp) Hub modun (modular hub) Modular hub rt ph bin cho cc h thng mng v n c th d dng m rng v lun c chc nng qun l, modular c t 4 n 14 khe cm, c th lp thm cc modun Ethernet 10BASET. Stackable hub l l tng cho nhng c quan mun u t ti thiu ban u nhng li c k hoch pht trin LAN sau ny. Ch : U ban k thut in t (IEEE) ngh dng cc tn sau y ch 3 loi dy cp dng vi mng Ethernet chun 802.3. Dy cp ng trc si to (thick coax) th gi l 10BASE5 (Tc 10 Mbps, tn s c s, khong cch ti a 500m). Dy cp ng trc si nh (thin coax) gi l 10BASE2 (Tc 10 Mbps, tn s c s, khong cch ti a 200m). Dy cp i xon khng v bc (twisted pair) gi l 10BASET (Tc 10 Mbps, tn s c s, s dng cp si xon). Dy cp quang (Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link) gi l FOIRL Lin mng (internetworking) Vic kt ni cc LAN ring l thnh mt lin mng chung c gi l Internetworking. Internetworking s dng ba cng c chnh l: bridge, router v switch. 1.Cu ni (bridge): L cu ni hai hoc nhiu on (segment) ca mt mng. Theo m hnh OSI th bridge thuc mc 2. Bridge s lc nhng gi d liu gi i (hay khng gi) cho on ni, hoc gi tr li ni xut pht. Cc bridge cng thng c dng phn chia mt mng ln thnh hai mng nh nhm lm tng tc . Mc du t chc nng hn router, nhng bridge cng c dng ph bin. 2.B dn ng (router)

Chc nng c bn ca router l gi i cc gi d liu da trn a ch phn lp ca mng v cung cp cc dch v nh bo mt, qun l lu thng... Ging nh bridge, router l mt thit b siu thng minh i vi cc mng thc s ln. router bit a ch ca tt c cc my tnh tng pha v c th chuyn cc thng ip cho ph hp. Chng cn phn ng-nh truyn gi tng thng ip c hiu qu. Theo m hnh OSI th chc nng ca router thuc mc 3, cung cp thit b vi thng tin cha trong cc header ca giao thc, gip cho vic x l cc gi d liu thng minh. Da trn nhng giao thc, router cung cp dch v m trong mi packet d liu c c v chuyn n ch mt cch c lp. Khi s kt ni tng thm, mng theo dng router tr nn km hiu qu v cn suy ngh n s thay i.

3.B chuyn mch (switch) Chc nng chnh ca switch l cng mt lc duy tr nhiu cu ni gia cc thit b mng bng cch da vo mt loi ng truyn xng sng (backbone) ni ti tc cao. Switch c nhiu cng, mi cng c th h tr ton b Ethernet LAN hoc Token Ring.

B chuyn mch kt ni mt s LAN ring bit v cung cp kh nng lc gi d liu gia chng. Cc switch l loi thit b mng mi, nhiu ngi cho rng, n s tr nn ph bin nht v n l bc u tin trn con ng chuyn sang ch truyn khng ng b ATM.

xy dng mng cho Trung Tm gio dc thng xuyn Trn i Ngha ti a ch 84 Sinh Trung- Nha Trang-Khnh Ha gm

Phng ban gim hiu: 2 user, 1printer Phng hi ng : 6 user Phng hnh chnh-K Ton:5 user, 1 printer Phng my tnh: 45 pc Phng th nghim L : 1 user Phng th nghim Ha : 1 user VIII. CHN MUA THIT B MNG 1. Nhng tnh nng cn bit ca thit b mng

Kiu mng: vit thit lp mt mng s da trn 2 kiu chnh sau: Kiu mng khng dy (Wireless) Kiu mng s dng kt ni bng cp: ( y ta dng kiu mng kt ni bng cp)

Vi kiu mng ny th tn hiu gia cc my tnh c kt ni thong qua cp mng v bn cn c cc thit b h tr nh card mng,hub Vit kt ni Internet trong mng ny thng thng qua mt gateway c chia s kt ni Internet.

Tc v phm vi s dng :Nu bn d nh s dng mng ca mnh cho vic chia s kt ni Internet bng rng, th gii hn tc ca cng ngh mng s khng l vn ln, bi v hu ht nhng tiu chun ph bin u c tc

truyn cao,vt qua c tc nh ca cc dch v Internet bng rng. Nhng nu bn d nh s dng mng ca mnh cho vic chuyn nhng file ln gia nhng my tnh trn mng th cn nh gi ng s khc nhau gia 1 mng c tc nhanh v mng c tc chm. Vi h thng mng Internet kt ni bng cp th mng Ethenet 10/100 Mbps l c s dng ph bin nht hin nay, mng Gigabit (1000 Mbps) thng c s dng kt ni cc h thng server tng hiu qu truyn d liu n server.

Bo mt:Nhng k xm nhp tri php n my tnh ca bn thng qua kt ni mng ch khng bng mt kt ni trc tip. Tnh nng tng la(Firewall): tng la l 1 h thng ngn chn s xm nhp tri php t bn ngoi vo h thng mng ca bn. Tng la c th thc hin bng h phn cng , phn mm hoc c hai. Nu bn s dng mt Router hay mt Gateway kt ni mng ca mnh bng Internet th lu rng chng thng bao gm 1 tng la(Firewall) c tch hp sn ngn chn s xm nhp tri php. 2. Li khuyn khi chn mng c dy

Lp ra k hoch trn giy : bn c th d on xem c bao nhiu my tnh v thit b d nh x dng cho h thng mng ca mnh v chng c t 1 phng hay nhiu phng khc nhau. Bn cnh cn tnh ton cch d dng nht ko cp cng nh ng i ngn nht cp kt ni n thit b.

3. Mua cc thit b vt l Tn Sn Phm CPU Intel Dual Core 3.0 GHz Mainboard Asus (c khe cm DDR3 ) 2 GB Ram DDR 3 a cng 250GH giao tip sata Case v b ngun a DVD-RW Gi 1.4 00.000triu VN 1.200.000 triu VN 490.000 ngn VN 800.000 ngn VN 400.000 ngn VN 450.000 ngn VN

Bn phm + chut Mn hnh LCD 15.6inch

250.000 ngn VN 1.7 00.000 triu VN

Tng cng:6.700.000/my * 60 my=402.000.000 VN My in BROTHER Laser MFC7340+MOTOROLA Digital Cordless Phone 5.690.000 VN

Tng cng : 5.690.000 VN*2 my=11.380.000 VN U BM MNG BC ST(Hp (100 cai)) Tng cng:150.000 VN CAP CABLE AMP 10.000VN 150.000

10.000VN *1704 mt=17.040.000VN SWITCH 8 PORT(MYES108,E-B1) T-P LINKTL-SG 1016,16 CNG (2 ci) MODEM TO-LINK TD-8840 ADSL2+MODEM RORTER(4 PORT SWITCH Tng cng: 2.200.000 495.000 220.000

1.490.000

Tng cng :415.580.000VN

IX. TM HIU V MNG VLAN 1. LAN l g? Chc hn phn ln cc bn u hiu th no l mt mng LAN. Tuy nhin chng ta vn nn nhc li mt cht, bi l nu bn khng nm c mng LAN l g, bn s khng th c khi nim v VLAN. LAN l mt mng cc b (vit tt ca Local Area Network), c nh ngha l tt c cc my tnh trong cng mt min qung b (broadcast domain). Cn nh rng cc router (b nh tuyn) chn bn tin qung b, trong khi switch (b chuyn mch) ch chuyn tip chng. 2. VLAN l g? Nh gii thiu pha trn, VLAN l mt mng LAN o. V mt k thut, VLAN l mt min qung b c to bi cc switch. Bnh thng th router ng vai tr to ra min qung b. i vi VLAN, switch c th to ra min qung b.

Vic ny c thc hin khi bn qun tr vin t mt s cng switch trong VLAN ngoi tr VLAN 1 - VLAN mc nh. Tt c cc cng trong mt mng VLAN n u thuc mt min qung b duy nht. V cc switch c th giao tip vi nhau nn mt s cng trn switch A c th nm trong VLAN 10 v mt s cng trn switch B cng c th trong VLAN 10. Cc bn tin qung b gia nhng my tnh ny s khng b l trn cc cng thuc bt k VLAN no ngoi tr VLAN 10. Tuy nhin, tt c cc my tnh ny u c th giao tip vi nhau v chng thuc cng mt VLAN. Nu khng c cu hnh b sung, chng s khng th giao tip vi cc my tnh khc nm ngoi VLAN ny. 3. VLAN c cn thit khng? C mt iu quan trng m ti cn nhn mnh, l bn khng cn cu hnh mt mng LAN o tr khi mng my tnh ca bn qu ln v c lu lng truy cp qu nhiu. Nhiu khi ngi ta dng VLAN ch n gin v l do mng my tnh m h ang lm vic s dng chng ri. Thm mt vn quan trng na, l trn switch Cisco, VLAN c kch hot mc nh v tt c cc my tnh nm trong mt VLAN. VLAN chnh l VLAN 1. Bi th m theo mc nh, bn c th s dng tt c cc cng trn switch v tt c cc my tnh u c kh nng giao tip vi nhau.

4. Khi no bn cn mt VLAN? Bn cn cn nhc vic s dng VLAN trong cc trng hp sau: * Bn c hn 200 my tnh trong mng LAN * Lu lng qung b (broadcast traffic) trong mng LAN ca bn qu ln * Cc nhm lm vic cn gia tng bo mt hoc b lm chm v qu nhiu bn tin qung b. * Cc nhm lm vic cn nm trn cng mt min qung b v h ang dng chung cc ng dng. V d nh mt cng ty s dng in thoi VoIP. Mt s ngi mun s dng in thoi c th thuc mt mng VLAN khc, khng cng vi ngi dng thng xuyn. * Hoc ch chuyn i mt switch n thnh nhiu switch o. 5. Ti sao khng chia subnet? Mt cu hi thng gp l ti sao khng chia subnet (mng con) thay v s dng VLAN? Mi VLAN nn subnet ca ring mnh. VLAN c u im hn subnet ch cc my tnh ti nhng v tr vt l khc nhau (khng quay li cng mt router) c th nm trong cng mt mng. Hn ch ca vic chia subnet vi mt router l tt c my tnh trn subnet phi c kt ni ti cng mt switch v switch phi c kt ni ti mt cng trn router. Vi VLAN, mt my tnh c th c kt ni ti switch ny trong khi my tnh khc c th kt ni ti switch kia m tt c cc my tnh vn nm trn VLAN chung (min qung b). 6. Lm th no cc my tnh trn VLAN khc nhau c th giao tip vi nhau? Cc my tnh trn VLAN khc nhau c th giao tip vi mt router hoc mt switch Layer 3. Do mi VLAN l subnet ca ring n, router hoc switch Layer 3 phi c dng nh tuyn gia cc subnet. 7. Cng trunk l g? Khi mt lin kt gia hai switch hoc gia mt router v mt switch truyn ti lu lng ca nhiu VLAN th cng gi l cng trunk. Cng trunk phi chy giao thc ng truyn c bit. Giao thc c s dng c th l giao thc c quyn ISL ca Cisco hoc IEEE chun 802.1q.

8. Lm th no to VLAN? Cch cu hnh mt mng VLAN c th thay i ty tng mu switch Cisco khc nhau. Mc tiu ca bn l: * To VLAN mi * t mi cng vo VLAN thch hp Gi d chng ta mun to VLAN 5 v 10. Chng ta mun t cng 2 v 3 vo VLAN 5 (Marketing) v cng 4 v 5 vo VLAN 10 (Nhn s). Sau y l cch thc hin trn switch Cisco 2950:

Ti thi im ny, ch c cng 2 v 3 l c th giao tip vi nhau cng nh ch c cng 4 v 5 c th giao tip vi nhau. L do l v chng nm trn cng VLAN. my tnh cng 2 c th giao tip vi my tnh cng 4, bn cn phi cu hnh cng trunk ti router nhm gip n c th tho g thng tin VLAN, nh tuyn gi d liu v b sung li thng tin VLAN. 9. VLAN cung cp nhng g? VLAN gip tng hiu sut mng LAN c trung bnh v ln v n hn ch bn tin qung b. Khi s lng my tnh v lu lng truyn ti tng cao, s lng gi tin qung b cng gia tng. Bng cch s dng VLAN, bn s hn ch c bn tin qung b.

VLAN cng tng cng tnh bo mt bi v thc cht bn t mt nhm my tnh trong mt VLAN vo mng ring ca chng. 10. a ch IP(Ipv4) l g? a ch Ipv4 IP l ch vit tt ca Internet Protocol (giao thc Internet). Mi gi tin IP s bao gm mt a ch IP ngun v mt a ch IP ch. Tt nhin, h thng "s nh" trn Internet phc tp v th v hn nhiu so vi nh ca trong thc t. Ipv4 c di 32 bit tng ng 4 byte mi byte gi l mt octet v vit cch nhau bng du chm (.) Gm c IP tnh v ng Mi thit b trong mt mng IP c ch nh bng mt a ch vnh vin (IP tnh) bi nh qun tr mng hoc mt a ch tm thi, c th thay i (IP ng) thng qua cng c DHCP (giao thc cu hnh host ng s t ng xc nh a ch IP tm thi) ngay trn Windows Server. Cc router (b nh tuyn), firewall (tng la) v my ch proxy dng a ch IP tnh cn my khch c th dng IP tnh hoc ng. Thng th cc nh cung cp Internet DSL hay cp s ch nh loi IP ng cho bn. Trong cc router v h iu hnh, cu hnh mc nh cho cc my khch cng l IP ng. Loi a ch ny hay c dng cho my tnh xch tay kt ni Wi-Fi, PC truy cp bng Dial-p hay mng ring. Phn phi a ch IP

Trn th gii c hng chc triu my ch v hng trm nghn mng khc nhau. Do , qun l sao cho a ch IP khng trng nhau, mt t chc mang tn Network Information Center (NIC) ra i vi nhim v phn phi Net ID (a ch mng) cho cc quc gia. mi nc li c mt trung tm qun l Internet lm cng vic phn phi Host ID (a ch my ch). Ti Vit Nam, nu mun thit lp mt h thng my ch, khch hng c th ti VNNIC ng k IP tnh vi mc ph t 1 n 285 triu ng, ty theo quy m s dng. *Cu trc v phn lp a ch IP

Cc a ch ny c vit di dng mt tp hp b s (octet) ngn cch nhau bng du chm (.). Nu bit a ch IP ca mt website, bn c th nhp vo trnh duyt m m khng cn vit tn min. Hin nay c 2 phin bn l IPv4 v IPv6, trong IPv4 l chun ang dng rng ri vi di 32 bit. Nhng trong tng lai, khi quy m ca mng m rng, ngi ta c th phi dng n IPv6 l chun 128 bit.

Xt trong phin bn IPv4, a ch 32 bit ny c chia lm 4 b, mi b 8 bit (vit theo dng nh phn gm cc s 0 v 1) c m th t t tri sang phi.

Nu vit theo dng thp phn (thng dng d nhn bit), a ch IP c cng thc l x x x.x x x.x x x.x x x, trong x l s thp phn t 0 n 9. Tuy vy, khi 0 ng u mi b s, bn c th b i, v d 123.043.010.002 c vit thnh 123.43.10.2. Cu trc trn th hin 3 thnh phn chnh l Class bit | Net ID | Host ID Phn 1 l bit nhn dng lp, dng xc nh a ch ang lp no. a ch IP c phn thnh 5 lp A, B, C, D, E, trong lp D, E cha dng ti. Ta xt 3 lp u vi h m nh phn. Lp A:

Nh vy, bit nhn dng th nht ca lp A bng 0, 7 bit cn li dnh cho a ch mng Net ID, phn tip theo dnh cho a ch my ch Host ID. Vng s ca mng c gi l tin t mng (network prefix). Lp A p dng khi a ch network t v a ch my ch nhiu. Tnh ra, ta c ti a 126 mng v mi mng c th h tr ti a 167.777.214 my ch. Vng a ch l thuyt tnh theo h m thp phn t 0.0.0.0 n 127.0.0.0 (thc t ta khng dng cc a ch u c gi tr bit bng 0 hay 1). Lp B:

Bit nhn dng ca lp B l 10, 14 bit cn li dnh cho Net ID. Lp ny p dng khi a ch mng v a ch my ch mc va. Tnh ra, ta c ti a 16.382 mng, mi mng phc v ti a 65.534 my ch. Vng a ch l thuyt t 128.0.0.0 n 191.255.0.0. Lp C:

Bit nhn dng ca lp C l 110, 21 bit cn li dnh cho Net ID. Lp ny p dng khi a ch mng nhiu v a ch my ch t. Tnh ra, ta c ti a 2.097.150 mng, mi mng phc v ti a 254 my ch. Vng a ch l thuyt t 192.0.0.0 n 223.255.255.0.

*a ch IP cho mng ring Trn thc t, khi phm vi hot ng mng m rng, nu cng ty phi i xin thm a ch th s tn km. Hn na, c khi mt mng nh ch gm vi chc my ch v iu ny gy lng ph rt nhiu a ch cn li. Do , ngi ta ngh n mng ring (private network) tn dng ngun ti nguyn. Cc thit b trong mt mng ni b s dng a ch IP ring m khng kt ni trc tip vi Internet. Cc mng ring ny tr nn ph bin vi thit k LAN v nhiu t chc thy rng h khng cn a ch IP c nh trn ton cu cho mi my tnh, my in, my fax... Cc router trn Internet thng c nh cu hnh t chi kt ni dng a ch IP ring. Chnh s "cch ly" ny khin mng ring tr thnh hnh thc bo mt c bn v ngi ngoi khng kt ni trc tip c vi my trong network . Cng vy, do cc mng ring ny khng th kt ni trc tip vi nhau nn chng c th dng mt vng a ch IP con ging nhau m khng gy xung t g. Cch phn chia a ch mng con nh sau: V bn cht, ta s tn dng cc b s khng dng n ca a ch my ch m rng quy m cho mng. Subnet Mask (gi tr trn ca tng mng con) cho php bn chuyn i mt mng lp A, B hay C thnh nhiu mng nh, ty theo nhu cu s dng. Vi mi gi tr trn ny, bn c th to ra mt tin t mng m rng thm bit t s my ch vo tin t mng. Vic phn chia ny s d hiu hn khi bn dng h m nh phn. - Cc bit c nh s 1 nu bit tng ng trong a ch IP l mt phn ca tin t mng m rng. - Cc bit c nh s 0 nu bit l mt phn ca s my ch. V d tin t mng lp B lun bao gm 2 b s u ca a ch IP, nhng tin t mng m rng ca lp B li dng c b s th 3. V d 1: Nu c a ch IP lp B l 129.10.0.0 v bn mun dng c b s th 3 lm mt phn ca tin t mng m rng thay cho s my ch, bn phi xc nh mt gi tr trn ca mng con l: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (255.255.255.0). Nh vy, gi tr trn ny chuyn a ch ca lp B sang a ch lp C, ni s my ch ch gm b s th 4. K hiu /24 th hin bn dng 24 bit u lm tin t mng m rng. V d 2: Nu bn ch mun dng mt phn ca b s th 3 cho tin t mng m rng, hy xc nh gi tr trn ca a ch mng con l 11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000 (255.255.248.0), trong ch c 5 bit ca b s th 3 c a vo tin t mng m rng. Lc ny ta c k hiu /21.

 xc nh Subnet Mask da trn s my ch mnh mun, bn c th tham kho bng sau:

Ch : a ch u tin v cui cng ca mng con c gi li, tr /32 v y l a ch my ch duy nht Xc nh a ch s dng vi gi tr trn ca mng con a ch cho lp C

i vi mt mng c t 2 n 254 my ch, b s th 4 s c dng n, bt u t 0. v d, mng con 8 my ch (/29) s c vng a ch nh sau:

Ch : a ch u tin v cui cng ca mng con c gi li. Bn khng dng c 192.168.0.0 hay 192.168.0.7. \Ni tm li, cc vng a ch sau c ch nh cho mng ring: * 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (lp A) * 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (lp) * 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (lp C) Thit lp v xem a ch IP trn my tnh Khi xy dng mt mng ni b gm my ch v my khch, bn s phi vo h thng lp a ch IP. Nhn chut phi vo biu tng My network places, chn Properties. Tip tc nhp chut phi vo biu tng Local Area Connection > Properties > chn Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) > Properties. Mt bng sau hin ra:

Mun xem a ch ny, bn vo menu Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt. Khi mn hnh Dos hin ra, g ngay vo v tr con tr ch "ipconfig". Cch khc: Start > Run > g ipconfig > OK. Khi mt thit b no trn network ring cn lin h vi cc mng khc, ngi dng phi m bo mng ngoi c dng a ch IP thc cc router chp nhn kt ni. Thng th "cnh cng" router ny chnh l thit b dch a ch mng (NAT - network address translation) hoc cng on c thc hin nh mt my ch proxy. *THIT K H THNG MNG TRNG TRN I NGHA BNG PHN MM microsoft Viso

Phn Ph Lc

*Hng dn ci t Windows Server 2003 1. Yu cu cn c: - Mt my tnh (Cu hnh my thi nay m bo setup mt windows 2k3.) : Ti thiu l tc 266MHz, Ram 256MB, 2GB Disk space. - Mt a CD windows server 2003 Enterprise Edition. 2. Qu trnh ci t. - Trc tin bn phi cho my ca mnh khi ng t a CD. (Ci ny vo BIOS chnh.) - Bt my ln cho a CD vo a. Lc ny n s nhn a v hin ln dng ch "Press any key to boot from CD " v bn bm mt phm bt k tin hnh ci t.

Hnh 1 : N s load cc tp tin v driver cn thit cho qu trnh ci t.

Hnh 2 : Chn phn vng setup . Nhn C create phn vng. Nu khng th bn c th chn mt phn vng chia sn.

Hnh 3 : Chn nh dng Partition cha h iu hnh theo h thng tp tin FAT hay NTFS. Mnh chn NTFS.

Hnh 4 : Nhn F tin hnh Format a.

Hnh 5 : Qu trnh copy cc file t CD vo my tnh.

Hnh 6 : Sau khi copy xong my s khi ng li. Bn khng nhn g c cho n khi n hin ln hnh ny. Do mua a h lm sn s b qua mt s bc trong qu trnh ci t . Nn on ny ni qua cch lm tip theo.(V khng c hnh) Trong khi qu trnh ci t s hin ln mt s khung cn bn nhp vo hay chn. V d Name : Nhp tn bn hay tn bt k. Organization : Tn t chc. Key : Nhp serial ca a CD vo. Tn my tinh, Password ca Administrator, mi gi....... Sau khi nhp ht my tnh s tin hnh khi ng li v hin ln mn hnh ng nhp.

n y ri th ........ Chc mng bn. *Cu hnh DHCP Trong mt mng cc my nhn ra nhau thong qua mt giao thc l TCP/IP hay ni cch khc chng nhn ra nhau qua a ch IP m trc ngi qun tr mng gn cho tng my tnh mt Tuy nhin trong mt mng ln chuyn ny khng d dng mt cht no, hy th tng tng xem nu mng bn c n hng nghn my th cng vic gn IP th cng trc kia ca chng ta tr nn kinh khng, m vic nhm ln l iu khng th trnh khi Tuy nhin Microsoft cho ta mt cng c m qua n ng vai tr l mt dch v cp pht IP cho cc my tham gia vo h thng mng c gi l DHCP khi to dch v DHCP ta phi dng mt my server ci t dch v DHCP ln v my c gi l DHCP Server. Cc my khi tham gia h thng mng c DHCP Server cp pht IP c gi l DHCP Client my DHCP Server c th cp pht IP cho my Client ta cn nm qui trnh thu IP ca my Client nh sau: 1) u tin my Client cha c IP s broadcasts n tt c cc my trong h thng mng mt gi tin lDHCPDISCOVER yu cu cp pht IP. 2) Mc d tt c mc my u nhn thy yu cu ny nhng duy ch c my DHCP Server mi tr li cho my Client yu cu. Khi n s gi mt gi tin DHCPOFFER broadcasts n tt c cc my Client trong h thng mng xem IP m n sp gn cho Client yu cu c hp l hay khng? 3) Tuy nhin ch c mi my Client yu cu a ch IP mi hi p m thi, khi s broadcasts mt gi tin mi lDHCPREQUEST n tt c cc my trong h thng mng xin c thu IP ny 4) Sauk hi c gn IP mi thnh cng my Client ny tip tc broadcasts n tt c cc my trong h thng mng mt gi tin mi l DHCPACK nhm thong bo l n ang s dng IP ny

 ci t DHCP Server bn vo Control Panel -> Add Remove Programs > Add/Remove Windows Components Chn vo Networking

Chn tip Details... -> Ci dch v DHCP.

Sau chy DHCP Server bn vo Start -> Programs -> Administratice Tools -> DHCP

By gi ta xt mt m hnh mng 172.16.1.0/24 m ti y ta dng mt DHCP Server v tin hnh cu hnh cho DHCP Server ny cp pht IP cho cc my Client trong cng mng vi n Ti mn hnh DHCP nhp phi vo PC01 chn New Scope

t tn cho Scope ny trong v d ti t l S1

Ca s IP Address Range ta khai bo dy IP m ta mun DHCP Server s cp pht cho Client trong v d ny dy IP l t172.16.1.50 n 172.16.1.100, ngha l trong mng ny DHCP Server ch cp pht IP ti a cho 50 my m thi cc s IP khng thuc dy ny s khng c cp pht Chn mng tng ng l 24bit lm Net n y bn thc mc rng v sao ta khng chn dy IP l ca Card Lan t 192.168.1.50 n 192.168.1.100 m li ly IP ca Card Cross. Nguyn nhn l do Card Lan ng vai tr l Router v ch kt ni trc tip n PC03 m thi trong khi myDHCP Server cp pht IP cho cc Client trong cng mng th ch c Card Cross mi c IP nm trong mng ny

Ca s Add Exclusions cho php bn nhp dy IP loi tr s khng c cp pht, trong v d ny l t 172.16.1.60 n 172.16.1.70. Ngha l t dy s 172.16.1.50 n 172.16.1.100 by gi ch cn c 2 dy l 172.16.1.50 n 172.16.1.59 v 172.16.1.71 n 172.16.1.100 l c cp pht cho Client m thi

Mc nh DHCP Server ch cho php Client thu IP ny ti a l 8 ngy m thi tuy nhin nh th l ri ta khng ty chnh g thm

Chn Yes, i want to configure these options now

Ca s Router yu cu bn nhp IP ca Router hoc IP ca Modem ADSL trong v d ny ti s dng Default Gateway chnh l IP Card Cross my DHCP Server

DNS chnh l IP my ci t dch v phn gii tn min, nhng v chng ta cha nghin cu n nn ti y DNS m ta nhp chnh l IP nh cung cp dch v Internet VNN. Nhp vo 203.162.4.191

WINS chnh l IP my ci dch v WINS, tuy nhin ta cng cha tm hiu n lnh vc ny nn ti y ta nhp IP Card Lan ca chnh my DHCP Server, nguyn nhn l do trong mi trng nhiu mng th ta ch cn mt my lm WINS l

Cui cng ta c kt qu nh hnh bn di

Nh vy ta hon tt xong vic cu hnh DHCP cho mng 172.16.1.0/24. By gi bt PC02 ln v chuyn IP ca my ny sang dng Obtain an IP Address automatically Cng vic ny ng ngha vi my PC02 s khng c a ch IP v hin nhin c 5 pht mt ln Windows s t ng broadcasts n ton b cc my trong h thng mng xin a ch IP nu tm thy my DHCP Server v c cp IP th n s ly IP s

dng v ngc li khng tm c th n s t gn cho mnh mt IP tm thi c dng 169.254.x.x

Tuy nhin khng mt thi gian ch PC02 broadcast ta ra DOS nhp lnh ipconfig /all H thng bo my ny hin khng c a ch IP

Nhp tip lnh ipconfig /release xa IP ny i

Tip tc nhp lnh ipconfig /renew my PC02 broadcast tm a ch IP Khi n broadcasts tm IP th my DHCP Server nhn c thng ip ny, ngay lp tc n gn ngay mt a ch IP cho my Client yu cu theo qui trnh m ti tng nu trn

DHCP Replay Agent Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Replay Agent Nh vy ta hon tt xong vic test DHCP cho mng 172.16.1.0/24. By gi ta xt trng hp h thng chng ta c nhiu mng khc nhau. Nh vy s dng DHCP Server trn cc mng ny c bn nht vi tng mng ta dng mt DHCP Server l xong. Tuy nhin vn ny kh tn km m trn thc t khng c a chung, khi ngi ta s dng trit th mnh ca dch v DHCP Replay Agent c ch m hnh ny nh sau: Tr li m hnh quen thuc ca chng ta gm 2 mng ring bit c kt ni thng sut vi nhau thng qua Router. Ti mng th 1 l 172.16.1.0/24 ti dng mt DHCP Server hon chnh nh trn Trong khi ti mng th 2 l 10.0.1.0/24 khi cc Client yu cu IP th n khng tm thy bt c my no ci dch v DHCP Server c mc d trc n thng sut vi mng th 1 v thy c my DHCP Server ca mng th 1

Nhng v cc Client d IP thng qua broadcasts m broadcasts ch c pht tn rng khp trong cng mt mng m thi nn chng khng th tm thy DHCP Server ca mng th 1 Yu cu t ra l chng ta ly mt my bt k (khng nht thit phi l server) ca mng th 2 ci dch v DHCP Replay Agentvo Khi ti my DHCP Replay Agent s nhn thy cc Broadcasts ca cc Client trong mng mnh v ng nhin n cng khng th t cp IP cho cc Client ny m n s nhn thng tin chuyn trc tip n my DHCP Server ca mng th 1 thng qua giao thc UNICAST T y my DHCP Server s UNICAST li cho my DHCP Replay Agent mt a ch IP no v lp tc n gn IP ny cho my Client yu cu.

ci t DHCP Replay Agent ta lm nh sau: Do trc ta ch mi to mt Scope l S1 c thng tin gn a ch IP cho cc Client trong mng th 1. Vy gn IP cho cc Client trong mng th 2 ta phi to thm mt Scope mi cho mng ny. Thao tc tng t nh Scope S1 nhng dy IP m ta cp pht chy t 10.0.1.50/24 n 10.0.1.100/24

Default Gateway ta nhp IP ca my DHCP Replay Agent

Mn hnh sau khi hon tt to thm Scope

By gi ti cc Client trong mng th 2 ta chuyn IP ca my ny sang dng Obtain an IP Address automatically

Bt my Router 02 ln (trong v d ny chnh l my PC03 v cng chnh l my DHCP Replay Agent) ti General nhp phi vo chn New Routing Protocol

Chn DHCP Replay Agent

Tip tc nhp phi vo DHCP Replay Agent chn New Interface

Chn Card Cross.

Tip tc nhp phi vo DHCP Replay Agent chn Properties

Ti y n yu cu ta nhp IP ca my DHCP Server ta nhp l 192.168.1.1 hoc 172.16.1.1 u c

V ta tin hnh kim tra ln cui xem sao Test cc my trong mng th 1

V cc my trong mng th 2

Ngun: KYTHUATVIEN

Mt s hnh nh thit k bng Cisco Packet Tracer

MC LC
A.C S L TUYT 4 I. Tng quan v Mng my tnh 4