KHO ST THNH PHN HA HC TRONG THC VT

I.XC NH CC THNH PHN C HOT TNH SINH HC TRONG NGUYN LIU BNG PHNG PHP HA S B THC VT : 1.Cch pha mt s thuc th: Thuc th Bouchardat I2 2.5 g KI 5g Nc ct 10 g Thuc th Dragendorff: Dung dch A : Bi(NO3)2 85 g CH3COOH 10 ml Nc ct 40 ml Dung dch B KI 8g Nc ct 20 ml Trn 2 dung dch A v B khi s dng ly 20ml hn hp A v B, thm vo CH3COOH (20ml) v nc ct (100ml). Thuc th Mayer HgCl2 6.8 g KI 2.5 g Nc ct 500 ml Thuc th Liberman-Burchard Anhydric acetic 6.8g H2SO4 1ml Thuc th Fehling Fehling A Fehling B CuSO4 1.73 g NaOH 2.5 g Nc ct 25 ml Mui Natri- kalitartrat 8.5 g Nc ct 25 ml Thuc th Stiasny Formol 36% 20 ml HCl 10 ml 2.Cch thc hin : 2.1. Xc nh cc cht tan trong dung dch ether: Cn 10g bt nguyn liu cho vo bnh nn nt mi 250 ml,lc vi 45 ml dietyl ether trong vng 30 pht ,lc. Lm nh vy 3 ln ti khi dch ether khng mu. Tp trung dch lc vo bnh lng, gn lc vi 90 ml KOH 10% (30ml x 3 ln). Dung dch s tch lm 2 lp, lp kim v lp ether. a. Phn tch dung dch kim : Dung dch kim c cho vo bercher v trung ha bng dung dch HCl 25 % n trung tnh ,lc. Ta c ha vo 5ml dung dch cn 900,chia 3 ng nghim. - ng 1: nh vi git KOH 10% nu c mu c hp cht antraglycoside.

ng 2: acid ha vi HCl , sau cho vo mt t Mg kim loi, nu c mu c flavonoid. - ng 3: nh mt git vo giy lc ,h kh. Nu thy trn giy lc li vt m c acid bo. b. Phn tch dung dch ether. Lp dung dch ether c ra 3 ln bng nc ct (20 mlx 3 ln) sau lc 3 ln vi dung dch H2SO4 2%( 5ml x 3 ln). Dung dch acid c gp li lm phn ng nh tnh alcaloid vi: -Thuc th Mayer xuDrangendroff xut hin ta cam -Thuc th Bouchardat xut hin ta nu Dch ether c chia lm 3 phn: -Phn 1: Loi dung mi nu cn c mi thm c tinh du -Phn 2: Nh vi git H2SO4 nu c mu xanh c caroteonid. -Phn 3: Ha cn vi 10 git anhydric acetic cho vo ng nghim nh ,nh t t git H2SO4 theo thnh ng nghim. Nu ch gip gii c mu vng lc hay lc c phytosterol. 2.2. Xc nh cc cht tan trong dch cn B dc liu sau khi chit bng ether em chit nng bng cn 900 (5ml x 3 ln) tn bp cch thy ,lc. Tp trung dch lc vo bnh nn ,chia lm 6 phn: Phn 1: Pha long dung dch cn vi th tch nc ct, kim ha bng NH4OH , lc. -Ta trn phu ha vi 1 ml CHCl3,hng vo ng nghim. Sau cho vo 1 ml anhydric axetic v nh t t git H2SO4 , nu dung dch c mu xanh c steroid. -Dch lc c acid ha bng HCl,lc. Ta trn phu c ha vi 3-4 ml cn 900,chia lm 2 ng nghim: ng 1: Cho vi git KOH 10% nu c mu c anthtraglycosid. ng 2: Cho vo 1 t Mg kim loi v vi git HCl nu c mu c flavonoid. Phn 2: pha long dch cn vi 1 th tch nc ct ri chia lm 2 ng nghim : ng 1 :Trung tnh bng natri acetat ,sau thm dung dch FeCl3 2%, nu c mu xanh en c Tanin. ng 2: cho vo vi tinh th Na2CO3,nu c si bt c acid hu c. Phn 3: Dung dch cn c bc hi cch thy trong chn s dn cn, ha cn vi 3 ml nc ct un nng ,lc. Cho thm vo nc lc 4-5 git thuc th fehling A v 4-5 git thuc th Fehling B un cch thy .Nu c ta gch c ng kh . Phn 4: Bc hi dung dch cn trong chn s n cn ,ha cn vi 3ml nc ct un nng ,lc .cho thm vo nc lc 4-5 git thuc th Fehing A v 4-5 git thuc th Fehling B un cch thy.Nu c ta gch Phn 5 : Dch cn c pha long vi mt th tch nc ,chia lm hai ng nghim ng 1: Acid ha c mu ng 2: Kim ha cho mu lc S b nhn nh c anthocyanisid Phn 6 :chia dch cn lm hai phn, bc hi cch thy trong chn s : Chn 1: Ha vi 5 ml nc ,lc mnh nu c bt bn c saponin

Chn 2: Ha vo chn 0.5 ml CHCl3 v 0.5 ml anhydric acetic, rt vo ng nghim. Nh t t H2SO4 m c, nu: C vng tm c saponin triterpen C vng xanh lc c saponin steroid 2.3 Xc nh cc cht tan trong dung dch acid: B dc liu sau khi chit vi cn 900 em chit nng bng H2SO4 2% (50 ml x 3 ln),lc , chia dch lm 5 phn: Phn 1 :Lc trong ng nghim ,nu c bt bn th s b nhn nh c saponin Phn 2 : Kim ha vi NH4OH 10%, lc vi erther (10 ml x 3 ln), loi b lp nc,