- Parasites & Vectors http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/6/1/81 SHORT REPORT Open Access Colonization of Anopheles cracens: a malaria vector of emerging importance Amirah Amir, Jia Siang Sum, Yee Ling Lau*, Indra Vythilingam and Mun Yik Fong Abstract Background: Anopheles cracens has been incriminated as a vector for the simian malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi, that is the fifth Plasmodium species infecting humans.
- Findings: The population of An.
- cracens, collected from Kuala Lipis, Pahang was maintained at the insectary of the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya at 24-26°C and 60-80% relative humidity.
- Colonization of An.
- Many aspects of the vector-parasite relationship need balabacensis Baisas, An.
- Species of the An.
- dirus complex can be found from await the availability of an adequate supply of laboratory India to Taiwan and from the 30° north parallel to the bred colony material.
- Thus, the current study presents Malaysian peninsular and the northern tip of Sumatra, the successful colonization and maintenance of An.
- cracens has one ject was approved by the Ethical and Research Review of the highest susceptibilities to Plasmodium cynomolgi Committee of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia NMRR- B strain (simian malaria) [7].
- Two of the caught An.
- cracens has also been proven to be an efficient and the remaining 37 female mosquitoes were used for establishment of the colony which to date has reached * Correspondence:
[email protected] Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala its sixth generation.
- This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Up to 60-91% of the females, which fed mosquitoes were transferred to each oviposition pot laid eggs were from the first mating, followed by 9-40% (9 cm in diameter, 7 cm high) lined with wet filter paper from the second mating and 7-10% from the third mating.
- The larval food comprised of the following, which were finely ground: 100 g dog biscuits, 200 g Results and discussion nestum, 10 g yeast, 50 g liver powder and 10 g vitamin B Sequence analysis of rDNA ITS2 and cytochrome oxi- complex.
- The maximum lifespan of the adult female and or human arm.
- Similar to the artificial The survival rate, defined as the percentage of mosqui- mating of An.
- Table 1 Laboratory colonization of An.
- Parasites & Vectors Page 3 of 4 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/6/1/81 Less than 25% of the adult females which underwent Competing interests forced mating oviposited, with 18.5% of oviposition occur- The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
- The remaining adult fe- males oviposited after day five with the longest viable eggs Authors’ contributions LYL, FMY and IV conceived the concept of the project.
- AA wrote the first draft of the manuscript range: 25–245, n = 9).
- All other authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
- The Published: 28 March 2013 observation showed that and 87.3% of the eggs laid by F2, F3, F4 and F5 females respectively, References successfully matured and emerged into adults.
- Peyton EL: A new classification for the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles Blood feeding proves to be challenging in An.
- Sallum MAM, Peyton EL, Wilkerson RC: Six new species of the Anopheles some females fed on them.
- The mosquitoes remain highly leucosphyrus group, reinterpretation of An.
- Sallum MAM, Peyton EL, Harrison BA, Wilkerson RC: Revision of the species, which were maintained using hamsters for blood Leucosphyrus group of Anopheles (Celia) (Diptera, Culicidae).
- [18,20,22] and An.
- One of the most important requirements for W, Saejeng A, Bates PA, Choochote W: Susceptibility of two karyotypic successful colonization is personal dedication and care.
- forms of Anopheles aconitus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Plasmodium falciparum and P.
- Beebe NW, Saul A: Discrimination of all members of the Anopheles should be avoided.
- Butlin RK: Identification of five species of the Anopheles dirus complex However, the rearing protocol was not published.
- Sallum MAM, Foster PG, Li C, Sithiprasasna R, Wilkerson RC: Phylogeny of An.
- Gonotrophic cycle the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles (Cellia)(Diptera: Culicidae) Based was established as 3–5 days.
- Ow-Yang CK, Sta Maria FL, Wharton RH: Maintenance of laboratory colony of Anopheles maculatus Theobald by artificial mating.
- speciation history of An.
- Lardeux F, Quispe V, Tejerina R, Rodriguez R, Torrez L, Bouchite B, Chavez T: Abbreviations Laboratory colonization of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Diptera: rDNA: Ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid.
- Zerpa N, Moreno J, González J, Noya O: Colonization and laboratory maintenance of Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann in Venezuela.
- Mehrunnisa A, Adak T, Singh OP, Nanda N, Dua VK, Hardev P, Kahn W: Laboratory colonization of Anopheles fluviatilis species T and U.
- Terry AK, Bruce AH, Inkam I, Prajim B: Colonization of Thailand strains of Anopheles nivipes and Anopheles philippinensis.
- Tchuinkam T, Mpoame M, Make-Mveinhya B, Simard F, Lele-Defo E, Zebaze- Togouet S, Tateng-Ngouateu A, Awono-Ambene HP, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Nijine Y, Fontenille D: Optimization of breeding output for larval stage of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera:Culicidae): prospects for the creation and maintenance of laboratory colony from wild isolates.
- Sucharit S, Choochote W: Comparative studies on the morphometry of male genitalia and frequency of clasper movements during induced copulation of An.
- Baimai V: Speciation and species complexes of the Anopheles malaria vectors in Thailand.
- Joshi D, Choochote W, Park MH, Kim JY, Kim TS, Suwonkerd W, Min GS: The susceptibility of Anopheles lesteri to infection with Korean strain of Plasmodium vivax.
- doi Cite this article as: Amir et al.: Colonization of Anopheles cracens: a malaria vector of emerging importance