Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 1

B CNG THNG
TRNG H CNG NGHIP THC PHM TP. H CH MINH
KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM
B MN CNCB TR, C PH, CA CAO






ti 3:
K THUT LN MEN TRONG CH BIN
CH EN v MY, THIT B TRONG CNSX
CH EN THEO PHNG PHP CTC







GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc
LP: 02DHTP1 NHM : 3_Th 6_tit 10,11,12
SVTH: MSSV:
V Th Oanh 2005110372
Nguyn Th Lnh 2005110233
TP.H Ch Minh, ngy 5 thng 3 nm 2014


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 2


LI M U

T xa cho n nay, ch l mt loi thc ung quen thuc i vi mi ngi, c
bit l i vi ngi ng. Ch c s dng trn ton th gii v c xem l mt
loi thc ung mang tnh ton cu. Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, nhiu
cng trnh nghin cu chng minh li ch ca ch. Bn cnh chc nng gii kht, ch
c tc dng sinh l r rt i vi sc khe con ngi. Mt khc, ch l nt vn ha truyn
thng ca nhiu dn tc. N mang mt gi tr v cng thing ling, cao qu vi i sng
tinh thn ca con ngi.
Ch truyn thng c ba loi chnh l ch xanh, ch en v ch long. Mi loi ch
u c nhng tnh cht cm quan c trng v mu sc, mi v v hng thm. Trong
phm vi ti ny, nhm chng em xin tm hiu su v ti K thut ln men trong
ch bin ch en v thit b trong cng ngh sn xut ch en theo phng php
CTC. Qua ti ny, nhm chng em mong mun s gip mi ngi hiu r hn v
tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ch trong nc v trn th gii c bit l k thut ln men
trong cng ngh ch bin ch en v cc my mc thit b dng sn xut ch en theo
phng php CTC.
Bi tiu lun gm 3 phn chnh:
Chng I : Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ch trn th gii v Vit Nam.
Chng II : K thut ln men trong ch bin ch en .
Chng III: My v thit b trong CNSX ch en theo phng php CTC.
Trong qu trnh tm hiu v trnh by ni dung tiu lun, nhm khng th trnh
nhng sai st, knh mong nhn c s thng cm v kin ng gp ca c nhm
hon thin hn v bi bo co cng nh s rt ra c nhng kinh nghim qu bu cho
cc bi tiu lun sau.
Nhm chng em xin chn thnh cm n!



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 3

MC LC
LI M U ................................................................................................ 2
CHNG I: TNH HNH SN XUT V TIU TH CH TRN TH
GII V VIT NAM .................................................................................. 4
I. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ch trn th gii. ............................. 4
1. Tnh hnh sn xut ch trn th gii. ................................................ 4
2. Tnh hnh tiu th ch trn th gii. ................................................. 7
I. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ch ti Vit Nam. ............................ 8
1. Tnh hnh sn xut ch ti Vit Nam. ............................................... 8
2. Tnh hnh tiu th ch ti Vit Nam. .............................................. 13
CHNG II: K THUT LN MEN TRONG CH BIN CH EN
. ...................................................................................................................... 15
I. Qa trnh ln men ch en. .............................................................. 15
1. Mc ch v cc giai on ca qu trnh ln men. ........................ 15
2. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh ln men. ........................................... 17
3. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh ln men. ............................... 18
4. Nhng bin i ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh ln men ............. .18
II. K thut ln men ch en. ................................................................ 20
1. Phng php ln men gin on. .................................................... 20
2. Phng php ln men lin ............................................................. 22
CHNG III: MY V THIT B TRONG CNG NGH SN
XUT CH EN THEO PHNG PHP CTC. .................................. 27
I. QU TRNH CTC ............................................................................ 27
II. NGUYN TC HOT NG ........................................................ 27
III. SO SNH HAI QU TRNH OTD V CTC ................................ 32
PHN CNG CNG VIC V TI LIU THAM KHO ................. 34


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 4

CHNG I.
TNH HNH SN XUT V TIU TH CH
TRN TH GII V VIT NAM
I. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ch th gii.
1. Tnh hnh sn xut ch trn th gii.
Nm 2008, tng kim ngch ca 10 nc xut khu ch ln nht th gii t gn
3,5 t la M, tng 18,8% so vi cng k nm 2007. Danh sch cc nc trong bng
xp hng top 10 nc xut khu ch ln nht th gii nm 2008 khng c nhiu thay i
so vi nm 2007 vi ba nc dn u l Sri Lanka (t 1,2 t la), Trung Quc (682,3
triu la) v n (501,3 triu la).








Hnh 1.1 Ch en
Theo T chc Lng nng Lin hip quc (FAO), nm 2009 ngun cung ch th
gii c th gim nh so vi nm 2008 do nh hng ca thi tit xu lm gim sn
lng ch mt s quc gia sn xut ch. Nh ti Kenya, nc xut khu ch en ln
nht th gii, nhng thng u nm 2009 ang phi i mt vi thi tit kh hn ko di,
lm sn lng ch gim mnh. Sn lng ch thu hoch ca Kenya trong bn thng u
nm 2009 gim 50% so vi cng k nm 2008. Tnh trng tng t cng xy ra Sri
Lanka, khin sn lng ch ca nc ny nm 2009 c d bo s gim so vi nm
2008.



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 5

Bng 1.1.Din bin nng sut, din tch, sn lng ch th gii 50 nm qua (FAO
2010).

Nm
Din tch Nng sut Sn lng
Vn ha
Tc
tng so vi
10 nm
trc %
T kh/ha
Tc
tng so vi
10 nm
trc
Vn tn
Tc
tng so vi
10 nm
trc
1959 82,3 - 8,97 - 74,63 -
1969 101,6 22,1 10,0 1,1 101,60 36,1
1979 189,71 86,7 7,73 -22,7 141,61 44,3
1989 240,32 26,7 9,13 18,1 219,41 49,7
1999 243,00 1,0 10,33 12,1 248,7 13,4
2009 246,10 1,0 12,99 27,0 319,69 28,5

Gi ch :
Gi ch th gii trong thi gian ti c th tng sau khi cc nh sn xut ch ln
nht th gii (n , Kenya, Indonesia, Malauy, Ruanda v Xri Lanca), nhng quc gia
sn xut hn 50% sn lng ch ton cu nht tr hp tc nhm tng li nhun.
Cc nc xut khu ch n lc thnh lp mt din n trong sut 80 nm, v
vy y l mt ct mc lch s trong ngnh cng nghip ch th gii. Cc quc gia
tham gia din n s tp trung vo vic chia s kinh nghim v thc y nhu cu ch
y gi mt hng ny ln, trong bin php gii hn ngun cung c th c s dng
nhiu hn trong thi gian ti.
Gi ch th gii hin mc 2,5 USD/kg, gim so vi mc 2,84 USD/kg ca 1
nm trc, trong khi sn lng tiu th ton cu d kin s ch tng 1% trong nm nay.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 6

Nm 1994, Xri Lanca ngh thit lp mt cacten v ch, tng t nh T
chc Cc nc Xut khu Du m (OPEC), song xut ny khng nhn c s
ng thun ca cc quc gia sn xut. S thng nht gia cc nh sn xut l iu v
cng quan trng, khi n quyt nh n ngun thu ngoi t, li nhun, c hi vic lm v
mt s vn khc.
Trong 9 thng ca ti kha 2012 (t 20/3/2012-20/12/2012), Iran nhp khu
41.000 tn ch, kim ngch 200 triu USD, trong , kim ngch nhp khu t Xri Lanca l
104 triu USD, t n l 46 triu USD v Cc Tiu Vng quc rp Thng nht l
35 triu USD.
Theo ngun tin Reuters, gi ch giao ngay ca Kenya gim ng k trong cc
phin giao dch gn y. C th, gi ch cui thng 5/2012 t 3,67 USD/kg, nhng sang
thng 6/2012, mc gi lin tc gim xung cc mc tng ng l 3,6 USD/kg v 3,54
USD/kg.


Hnh 1.2. Gi ch giao ngay ti Kenya

Gi ch Bangladesh trong cc tun gn y nm 2012, do nhu cu mua tng
mnh, nn lin tc tng. Ga ch trung bnh ti Bangladesh tun gn y nht t 215,05
taka/kg (2,6 USD/kg) so vi 202,77 taka/kg bn trc .


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 7

C khong 975.750 kg ch c cho bn ti Trung tm bn u gi duy nht ca
Bangladesh ti Chittagong v ch c 0,89% cn li khng bn c. Gi bn cc loi ch
t khong 200-259 taka/kg ti phin u gi, tng so vi 185-255 taka/kg ca phin
trc.
Nin v 2011-2012, nhu cu ch cht lng tt c nhu cu tng mnh, vi mc gi
tng trung bnh khong 130-104 taka/kg so vi nm trc. C quan thu Bangladesh
trong thng 1/2012 p t mc thu nhp khu ch l 25% bo v ngnh cng
nghip ch ni a.
Quc gia ng Nam ny sn xut 60 triu kg ch/nm so vi nhu cu 56
triu kg. Tuy nhin tiu th ch tng 4,5%/nm ph hp vi tng trng kinh t n nh
v thay i trong li sng.
Nhng ngi trong ngnh cng nghip ch cho bit c khong lng ch ca
Bangladesh c cht lng thp v loi ch cht lng cao hn so vi sn phm ch ca
cc quc gia khc.
2. Tnh hnh tiu th ch trn th gii
Nm 2008, tng kim ngch ca 10 nc nhp khu ch ln nht th gii t 2,18 t
la M, chim trn 50% tng kim ngch nhp khu ch ton th gii. So vi cng k
nm 2007, kim ngch nhp khu ch cc nc ny tng trung bnh 16,89%. Nm nc c
kim ngch nhp khu ch ln nht th gii nm 2008 l Nga (510,6 triu la), Anh (364
triu la), M (318,5 triu la), Nht Bn (182,1 triu la) v c (181,4 triu
la).
Theo d bo ca FAO, trong giai on 2009 - 2010, nhp khu ch en th gii
c tnh khong 1,15 triu tn, mc tng trung bnh khong 0,6%/nm. Cc nc nhp
khu chnh nh Anh, Nga, Pakistan, M, Nht Bn... s chim khong 60% tng lng
nhp khu ch ton th gii vo nm 2010. C th, Pakistan tng 2,9%/nm, t 109.400
tn ln 150.000 tn; Nht Bn cng tng t 18.000 ln 22.000 tn, tng 1,8%/nm.

Ti th trng M, mc d kinh t ang trong thi k suy gim nhng nhu cu tiu
th ch khng nhng khng gim m cn tng mnh. Ngi tiu dng M hn ch


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 8

mua nhng ung t tin nh c ph, nc tri cy, nc ngt...m thay vo l tiu
dng cc sn phm r hn nh ch, c bit l nhng loi ch c cht lng trung bnh.
Ti th trng chu u, cc nc c, Anh, Nga u c xu hng tng nhu cu
tiu dng ch. Ngay t nhng thng u nm 2009, ti cc th trng ny, ngi dn
c xu hng chuyn t cc ung khc sang tiu dng cc sn phm t ch nh cc loi
ch truyn thng, ch ung lin, ch ch bin c bit. Nh ti Nga, (mt trong nhng
nc tiu th ch ln trn th gii), vi mc tiu th trung bnh khong hn 1 ki l gam
ch/ngi/nm.
Trong giai on 2009-2010, nhp khu ch en ca Nga tng t 223.600 tn ln
315.200 tn, mc tng trung bnh hng nm l 3%. Tuy nhin, mc tiu th ch en (loi
ch chim gn 80% mc tiu th hng nm) trong xu hng suy gim. T l ch xanh,
ch hoa qu, ch lm t cc loi cy tho mc s c xu hng gia tng.
Cc th trng khc nh Ai Cp, Iran, Irac nhu cu tiu dng ch cng tng.
Nh vy, c th thy nhu cu tiu dng ch ti cc nc pht trin ang chuyn
dn t cc sn phm ch thng thng sang cc sn phm ch ung lin v ch
ch bin c bit trong khi ti cc nc Ty v chu vn thch dng cc sn
phm ch truyn thng.

II. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th ch Vit Nam.
1. Tnh hnh sn xut ch Vit Nam.
Vit Nam c din tch trng ch dao ng khong 126.000 - 133.000 hc ta v thu
ht khong 2 triu lao ng. Nm 2011, Vit Nam l nc xut khu v sn xut ch ln
th 5 th gii, vi k hoch sn xut t 1,2 triu tn ch th v xut khu 200.000 tn
ch ch bin vo nm 2015.
Tuy nhin, gi ch xut khu ca Vit Nam mc thp nht th gii.
Ch en chim gn 80% tng xut khu ch ca Vit Nam. Pakistan, i Loan,
Nga, Trung Quc lc a v Indonesia l nhng khch hng ln nht trong 9 thng u
nm 2012.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 9

Vit Nam c trn 450 c s ch bin, nng lc gn 1,5 triu tn bp ti/nm,
nhng do thiu nguyn liu nn cc nh my ch ch bin 600.000 tn bp ti, bng
40% cng sut.
Gi tr xut khu ch Vit Nam so vi th gii rt thp, ch t 1.164 USD/tn
(2011) trong khi ch ca Sri Lanka ang bn c 4.073 USD/tn, n 2.864
USD/tn, cn cc nc Chu u th bn vi gi gp 9 n 10 ln so vi Vit Nam ( mc
10.134 USD/tn).

Bng 1.2. Din bin din tch, sn lng ch xut khu ca Vit nam
Theo ngun Reuters.

Hin nay sn phm Ch ca Vit Nam c mt trn 100 quc gia v vng lnh
th trong Trung ng tr thnh th trng quan trng; xut khu vo th trng
Nga cng c phc hi; Ch Vit Nam cng thm nhp th trng Nht Bn v
c bit l i Loan vi hnh thc lin doanh, lin kt, bao tiu sn phm. Ti cc th
trng nh Bc M v Chu u, sn phm ch Vit Nam cng c nhiu trin vng.
Ngoi ra, mt s th trng quan trng khc nh n , Indonesia, Malaysia cng t
mc tng trng kh
2012 2011 2010

Din tch trng 133.000 129.900

Sn lng (th) 888.600 834.600

Sn lng ( ch bin) 165.000 n/a

Xut khu 135.500 132.600 136.500

2012 2011
Xut khu Khi lng Tr gi Khi lng Tr gi
Thng 1-10 122.100 $186,3 mln 109.800 $167,2 mln


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 10

Nm 2011, Vit Nam xut khu c 133 nghn tn ch t kim ngch 204 triu
USD, ng th 5 trong cc nc sn xut v xut khu ch ln nht th gii. Nm 2012,
kim ngch xut khu ch t 218 triu USD (145 nghn tn) v trong 4 thng u nm
2013 ngnh ch xut khu c 58 triu USD (38 nghn tn). Ch Vit Nam c
nh gi l sn phm tt trung bnh, gi cnh tranh v cn thit u trn vi cc sn
phm khc t Srilanka, Kenya.
Theo nhn nh ca Hip hi Ch Vit Nam, khi kinh t suy thoi, ngi tiu dng
c xu hng ung tr nhiu hn v chi ph thp v c li cho sc kho. Bn cnh l xu
hng quan tm v s dng ch hu c ti cc nc pht trin. Sn phm ch Vit Nam
hin nay c chng loi a dng, rt ph hp cho cc th trng v c bit ngnh ch
ang thc y nhanh cho cc doanh nghip thc hin tt cc chng nhn v cht lng v
an ton ca th gii ph hp vi cc th trng kh tnh tng cao gi tr ca sn phm t
1,8 USD/kg hin nay ln n 2,5 USD/kg trong nhng nm ti.
Gi xut khu ch ca nc ta trong thng 12/2012 tng 39 USD/tn (tng ng
tng 2,54%) so vi thng 11/2012, t mc 1.576 USD/tn v tng 1,9% so vi thng
12/2011.
Tnh chung c nm 2012, gi xut khu ch ca nc ta t 1.531 USD/tn, tng
nh 0,5% so vi nm 2011.
Hin gi ch xut khu ca Vit ang xp cui bng trong s cc nc xut khu
ch ln, ch bng 60% gi bnh qun ca th gii. C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n vic
ch b xp i s trong nhm cc nc xut khu ch ln nh Ch Vit Nam khng c
thng hiu trn th trng quc t; phng thc qun l nng ch v thu hi khng
hp l; cnh tranh khng lnh mnh... Do , ch xut khu ca Vit lun b p gi bi
khch hng trung gian nc ngoi.
Theo s liu thng k, trong 5 thng u nm 2013, xut khu ch ca c nc t
49.374 tn, tr gi 74.715.493 USD, gim 2,5% v lng nhng tng 3,9% v tr gi so
vi cng k nm trc.
Trong 5 thng u nm 2013, lng ch xut khu ca Vit Nam sang Pakistan
t 6.042 tn, gim 14,6% v lng v gim 15% v gi tr.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 11

Hin nay, Pakistan nhp khu ch yu cc loi ch xanh BT, ch SP 2 (ch qua
ch bin, sy kh, ng thng carton). i Loan l th trng ln th 2, vi lng nhp
7.808 tn, tr gi 10.963.485 USD, tng 4% v lng v tng 9% v tr gi. ng th ba
l th trng Nga gim 12% v lng v gim 5% v tr gi so vi cng k nm trc.
Xut khu ch Vit Nam sang mt s th trng khc trong thng 5/2013 c mc
tng trng c th. Xut khu ch sang Hoa K tng 48% v lng v tng 45% v tr
gi; xut sang c tng 60% v lng v tng 67% v tr gi.

Bng 1.3. S liu xut khu ch thng 5 v 5 thng nm 2013

Nc VT Thng 5/2013 5 Thng/2013

Lng Tr gi (USD) Lng Tr gi (USD)
Tng Tn 11.543 17.787.583 49.374 74.715.493
Pakistan Tn 1.426 2.810.477 6.042 10.963.485
i Loan Tn 2.405 3.241.615 7.808 10.840.810
Nga Tn 912 1.545.298 4.770 7.584.674
Trung Quc Tn 1.415 2.010.425 4.248 6.195.328
Indonsia Tn 1.266 1.326.733 5.760 5.673.028
Hoa K Tn 721 785.154 3.535 3.927.243
Tiu VQ Arp TN Tn 24 53.680 1.180 2.430.885
Ba Lan Tn 188 243.284 1.643 1.882.302
c Tn 344 541.538 1.147 1.868.769
Arp x t Tn 63 152.180 659 1.607.861


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 12


Vi mc tiu kim ngch xut khu nm 2014 t 265 triu USD (176 nghn tn),
trong nm 2013 v cc nm tip theo, ngnh ch cn tip tc tp trung khai thc cc th
trng truyn thng nh Trung ng, Trung Quc, n , i Loan, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Nga v tip tc n lc thm nhp vo th trng Bc M v Chu u. Cc
hot ng xc tin thng mi c hiu qu cao cn tip tc trin khai thc hin, gm: T
chc, tham gia hi ch trin lm thng mi ti nc ngoi: la chn nhng hi ch
chuyn ngnh, c uy tn, ph hp vi sn phm, nng lc sn xut, kinh doanh ca doanh
nghip Vit Nam. Phi hp t chc cc hot ng giao dch thng mi, nhm nng cao
hiu qu xc tin thng mi. T chc on doanh nghip nc ngoi vo Vit Nam giao
dch mua hng: Phi hp cht ch vi Tham tn thng mi Vit Nam ti nc ngoi,
tng cng hn na hiu qu cng tc tuyn truyn qung b, thu ht vn ng c cc
doanh nghip nc ngoi ph hp n gp g, lm vic vi doanh nghip Vit Nam. T
chc hi ngh quc t ngnh hng xut khu ti Vit Nam.
Theo Hip hi Ch Vit Nam, d kin n nm 2020 sn lng ch ton ngnh t
250.000 tn (tng 43%). Trong xut khu t 182.000 tn (chim 73% tng sn lng)
vi t trng: ch xanh v ch c sn 60.000 tn; ch en OTD 73.000 tn v ch CTC
49.000 tn. n gi xut khu bnh qun n nm 2020 t 1,99USD/kg.
thc hin mc tiu trn, Hip hi Ch Vit Nam a ra mt s gii php
nh: nhanh chng xc nh cc ging ch mi c nng sut, cht lng cao a vo
ng dng. La chn hnh thc nhn ging cho tng loi ch thnh phm: ch xanh, ch
orthodox, ch CTC... 100% din tch trng mi v trng dm u bng ging mi c
nng sut, cht lng cao, ph hp vi th nhng ca tng vng. Thay th dn cc din
tch ch ging c, lu nm, nng sut thp v din tch mt khong bng cc ging ch
mi c nng sut cao, cht lng tt. Ci tin k thut trng mi theo hng gim v ti
u ha s lng cy trng cho ph hp vi tng ging ch.
n Tn 135 195.176 708 849.968
Philipine Tn 130 342.992 277 728.537


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 13

p dng cc quy trnh sn xut nng nghip bn vng v an ton v sinh thc
phm theo tiu chun Vit Nam v tiu chun quc t trong ch. Phi c vng nguyn
liu ch ng, khng nh hng n vic tranh chp nguyn liu ca cc nh my hin
c. Nh xng my mc thit b u t phi theo quy chun k thut quc gia hin hnh,
iu kin ch bin ra sn phm ch c cht lng cao. u t m rng v xy dng
mi cc dy chuyn sn xut ch CTC, phn u n nm 2020 sn lng ch CTC xut
khu t 49.000 tn. Ci tin v nng cp cc nh my ch en OTD hin c p ng
tiu chun sn xut ch xut khu v v sinh an ton thc phm, nng cao cht lng sn
phm sn xut ra p ng yu cu th trng.

2. Tnh hnh tiu th ch Vit Nam.
Theo Hip hi Ch Vit Nam (Vitas), thi gian gn y, tnh hnh tiu th ch
trong nc c xu hng tng. Hin, nhu cu dng ch ca dn trong nc chim khong
30% tng sn lng ch ca c nc, vi mc tng trung bnh t 3 n 5%. Hip hi cho
bit, rt nhiu thng hiu ch ca doanh nghip trong nc c ngi tiu dng a
chung.
u thng 6/2012 l thi im bc vo thu hi ch chnh v, th trng ch Thi
Nguyn c nhiu khi sc hn mi nm khi ch bp kh c gi, tiu th tt. Ti cc
vng ch c sn trn a bn nh: Tn Cng, Phc Xun, Phc Tru (Thnh ph Thi
Nguyn), La Bng (i T), Tri Ci (ng H, V Tranh, Tc Tranh (Ph Lng) gi
ch kh ph bin mc 150.000 - 250.000 ng/kg, cn ti cc vng ch khc b con
cng bn c gi t 100.000 - 150.000 ng/kg, cao hn so vi v trc t 10 - 15%.
Tuy nhin, gn y, gi ch mt s loi c gim cht t nhng ch cnh cht lng cao li
nhch hn cht t so vi u thng (t 200.000/kg ln 210.000/kg).
Hu nh cc tnh Vit Nam u s dng ch lm nc ung cng nh l nc
gii kht tip i khch khi n thm nh. Thng thc tr ca ngi Vit l mt nt
vn ha .
Tr c coi l mt thc ung khng th thiu trong sinh hot hng ngy, khng
nhng c li cho sc khe m cn l nghi thc giao tip gia con ngi vi con ngi.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 14

Trong ngh thut tr ca ngi Vit, phi ni ti ngh thut p tr, ung tr ca
ngi H Ni. Mun tr sen H Ni c v sen c trng thm ngt th sen c chn
p tr phi l sen ca H Ty. Mi cn tr phi dng t 1.000-1.400 bng sen ty to
nh p, v phi c hi trc lc bnh minh.
Ngoi hoa sen, tr cn c p vi nhiu loi hoa khc na. Cc loi hoa dng
p tr cng phi l cc th hoa qu, thanh tao nh hoa ngu, hoa si, hoa nhi, hoa
cc. Cch ung tr p hoa ny th hin c s sang trng, lch lm, tao nh nhng
cng c nhng ngi snh ung tr cho rng, ung tr p hng s khng cn hng v
tht ca tr.
Hin nay, Vit Nam xut hin rt nhiu qun vi nhiu loi tr v nhiu cch
thng tr. Nhng qun tr ny mang khng kh hoi c v yn tnh, mi qun c phong
cch ring, l ni bn b, ng nghip, nhng ngi yu nhau n thng tr. c bit,
n cng chnh l ni lu gi v truyn b vn ha tr, ngh thut thng thc tr ca
nhng ngi Vit Nam.
n vi cc qun tr Vit hin nay, ngi thng tr c rt nhiu s la chn nh
tr hoa cc, tr cung nh, hng to tr, tr hong thin kim cc. Cc loi tr c pha
theo nhiu kiu khc nhau, ph hp v theo kp vi cuc sng hin i. l cc loi
nh hng tr nng, hng tr , hng tr sa, hng tr sa ngc trai. V khng th thiu
cc loi tr c truyn nh tr hoa sen, tr hoa nhi, tr mc.
Trc kia, tr c xem l th vui tao nh ca nhng ngi ln tui, nhng hin
nay tr ang rt c gii tr quan tm v tm hiu v n. Nhng qun tr ny cng thu
ht rt nhiu khch quc t ti thng thc. Khng gian ti cc qun tr Vit c rt
yn tnh, cnh bi tr n gian, gn gi vi thin nhin. Mt khng gian yn tnh, nhng
bn nhc khng li du dng l mt khng gian ph hp thng tr.





Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 15

CHNG II.
K THUT LN MEN TRONG
CH BIN CH EN.
I. Qa trnh ln men ch en.
Gii thiu ch en.
Ch en l sn phm thu c trn c s ch bin mt cch thch hp, ch yu l
qu trnh v, ln men, sy l ch v cng non ca ging ch Camellia Sinensis Okuntze
c sn xut lm nc ung. Trong qu trnh sn xut, cc enzym c trong nguyn liu
ch c s dng trit .
Ch en c mu sc nu en t nhin, mu nc pha nu, v cht du, hng
thm m , quyn r rt nhiu ngi trn th gii.



1. Mc ch v cc giai on ca qu trnh ln men.
Ln men l qu trnh quan trng trong k thut sn xut ch en. Thc t nhng
bin i sinh ho ca l ch, xy ra t khi lm ho, nhng n giai on ln men n mi
xy ra bin i y v su sc nht, to nn phm cht c bit ca ch en. Nhn
chung qu trnh ln men ch en xy ra 4 5 gi k t khi bt u v.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 16

Mc ch to ra nhng bin i sinh ha, ch yu l cc hp cht polyphenol trong
ch b oxy ha di s xc tc ca enzym polyphenoloxydase (PPO) v perosidase (PO)
to cc hp cht hng, v, mu sc cho ch thnh phm:
Ton b qu trnh ln men chia lm hai giai on:
Giai on th nht: k t khi bt u v n khi v xong. Trong thi gian ny di
tc dng ca men oxi ho cc catechine ca tannin ch b oxi ho chuyn thnh
orthoquynone, l cht c hot tnh mnh c th oxi ho cc cht khc, hoc ngng t
vi nhau to thnh cc sn phm c mu. V vy khi v, l ch t xanh chuyn sang
mu hung hung (nu nht).
Giai on th 2: k t sau khi v n trc khi sy vi thi gian khong 2 3 gi.
Nguyn liu ch phng ln men lun c phun hi m v iu chnh nhit nht
nh thch hp cho qu trnh ln men. Trong thi gian ny ch chuyn t mu hung
hung sang mu ng v to ra hng thm d chu,v ch khng chat gt m cht
du.














L ch sau ln men


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 17

2. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh ln men.
Qu trnh ln men xy ra bin i mnh m thnh phn ho hc ca l ch. Nhng
bin i ny lin quan nhiu n nhit , m, h vi sinh vt v men ca nguyn liu
ch, trong vai tr quan trng quyt nh s thay i thnh phn v cht lng ch
thnh phm l men.
S tc dng ca men: Trong qu trnh sn xut ch en tc dng ch yu n cc
bin i thnh phn ho hc l cht xc tc ca men. Theo M.B.Cutravaimen, peroxidaza
oxi ho tannin ch su sc nht v s dng tannin ln nht, to nn cc sn phm
khng mu hoc mu sa c v c bit gp phn to nn v ca ch en. Men
poliphenoloxidaza oxi ho tannin ch to nn mu ng l mu sc nc pha ca
ch en. Theo vin s A. Oparin th khi t bo cn sng, di tc dng ca men, cc
nguyn liu h hp c trong t bo b oxi ho tng i trit . Trong khi cc hp
cht poliphenol ca tannin vn tn ti trng thi th khng mu. Khi cu trc t bo b
ph hu, qu trnh h hp b ngng li, ton b oxi c hot ho dng vo oxi ho
cc hp cht poliphenol ca tannin v cc hp cht khc to nn hng v ca mu sc
ca ch en.
S t oxi ho ca tannin ch: Ngoi s bin i ca men, s bin i thnh phn
ho hc ca ch cn do s t oxi ho ca chnh bn thn tannin. Bi v trong thnh phn
ca nguyn liu ch c mt tannin c bit c kh nng t oxi ho, c bit l trong dung
dch nc. Nhng qu trnh ny ch l th yu v lng oxi cn dng cho s t oxi ho
khng vt qu 10% tng lng oxi cn dng cho qu trnh oxi ho.
Tc dng ca nhit cao. Mi y cc nh khoa hc CHLB Nga ng dng
xc tc ca nhit cao cho ln men ch gi gim c thi gian ln men t 10 ngy
xung cn 10 gi.Ngy ny ngi ta ng dng trong ln men ca sn xut ch en,
chnh l phng php nhit luyn ch. Trong qu trnh nhit luyn, mt s thnh phn
ho hc b thay i v to nn hin tng ng phn d th, lm thay i cht lng ca
ch.



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 18

V d: , hexanol dng thun c mi v hng ca c ti nhng dng nghch mi
v hng ny b mt i. ng thi cng do tc dng ca nhit luyn, mi hng ti xanh
ca mt vi anehit cng b mt i, tannin tc dng vi aminoacid v ng to thnh
nhiu loi cht thm. Mt khc, nhit luyt lm cho cc men mt i hot tnh nn tannin
khng tc dng vi protein to hp cht khng tan, v vy tannin trng thi ho tan
chim 90 95%.

3. Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh ln men.
Qu trnh ln men ca sn xut ch en chu nh hng rt ln ca nhit , m v
thnh phn khng kh ca mi trng xunh quanh.
Nhit : nhit c nh hng rt ln n s xc tc ca men v tc ca cc
phn ng ho hc. i vi sn xut ch en, nhit thch hp cho ln men l 20 30
0
C.
Nhit cao qu s c ch s xc tc ca men, ngc li nhit thp qu s lm chm
qu trnh xc tc.
m: L ch sau khi v em ln men yu cu phi c m thch hp: W = 60
62% v m khng kh ca phng ln men phi cao = 95 98% trnh ch b ho
v cc phn ng ho hc b chm li.

Khng kh: Qu trnh ln men ch cn phi cung cp mt lng ln khng kh
trong sch, nu thiu khng kh ch d b hi. Trong khng kh nu thnh phn CO
2

nhiu cng gy nh hng xu n qu trnh ln men. c bit thnh phn H
2
S ch cn
mt lng nh cng c th lm cho qu trnh ln men b nh ch. Qua nhiu th nghim
H.Mng gan rt ra rng, m bo ln men tt, 1,5kg ch ti cn 28,32m
3
khng kh.

4. Nhng bin i ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh ln men.
Cc cht ho tan: Trong qu trnh ln men hm lng cc cht ho tan b thay i
rt ln do s chuyn ho t cc cht ho tan thnh khng tan v do tc dng vi protein.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 19

Nhn chung hm lng cht tan gim t 42,9% sau khi lm ho xung cn 31,3% sau khi
ln men.
S bin i ca tanin: Trong thi gian ln men hm lng tanin gim 50% so vi
ban u. Trong khi ch yu l gim hm lng tanin dng poliphenol cathechine c
v ng (gim t 8,91% khi v n cn 2,77% sau khi ln men). Cn ring tanin c v
cht du th gim i khng ng k (t 9,06% khi v xyng cn 5,96% sau khi ln men).
Bin i ca du thm v s to thnh hng thm ca ch: Trong qu trnh ln
men hm lng du thm thay i rt ln v t cc i sau 3 4 gi ln men. Ngoi ra
trong qu trnh ln men cn lm thay i thnh phn du thm ca ch t lm thay i
cht lng v hng thm ca ch thnh phm. Trong cc cht thm ca ch sau khi
ln men ch yu l cc acid thm, cc este, ru phenol, xetonTheo nghin cu ca
A.Cursalp v T. Subert s bin i ca du thm th hin nh sau:

Bng: Mt s ch s ca mt s loi ch
Cc ch s Ch ti Ch ho
Ch v
sau 2 gi
Ch ln
men xong
Ch s x phng (mgKOH) 426,0 287,0 719,7 862,6
Ch s acid (mgKOH) 294,7 370,0 473,0 549,0
Ch s este (mgKOH) 131,6 246,7 246,7 313,6

S bin i protein v cc cht khc trong khi ln men:Trong qu trnh len men
protein phc tp khng tan b thu phn thnh protein ho tan v aminoacid tham gia to
thnh cc anehit thm ca ch.
ng thi trong qu trnh ln men protein cn tc dng vi tanin to nn hp cht
khng tan nh hng xu ti cht lng ca ch. Mt khc trong qu trnh ln men hm
lng cc monosaccarit tng ln cn saccroz gim xung, gp phn to hng thm ca
ch sau khi sy. Cc hp cht pectin giai on ln men cng thay i: Hm lng
pectin ho tan gim xung cn li pectin khng tan tng ln. c bit hm lng sinh t


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 20

C gim rt ln: t 266mg% ch ti xung cn 196,6mg% khi ch ho v sau khi ln
men ch cn 66,6mg%.
II. K thut ln men ch en.
Ch sau khi v c phn thnh 3 loi, tng loi c ri ring vo khay g v t
phng ln men. dy ca tng thnh phn ch c quy nh nh sau:
Phn ch loi I dy 4 cm.
Phn ch loi II dy 6 cm.
Phn ch loi III dy 8 cm.
Khi xp cc khay ch cn ch xp xen k m bo thong kh trong thi gian ln
men. Nhit v m ca khng kh trong phng ln men l: t
0
= 22 24
0
C v = 95
98%. Trong thi gian ln men, c 6 8 pht yu cu thng gi phng mt ln. Tng
thi gian ln men l 4 5 gi k t khi bt u v 2 3 gi k t khi a ch vo ln
men.
C 2 phng php ln men ch en l phng php ln men gin on v phng
php ln men lin tc.
1. Phng php ln men gin on.
Tin hnh trn khay hoc trn sn nh: ch sau khi v c cha trong cc khay
bng g, nhm, thp hoc nha, hoc ri trc tip xung sn nh, vi dy lp ch t 4-
6 cm. Cc khay cha ch c xp ch thp thnh chng trn cc gi v c t vo
phng ln men.
Ngi ta ri ch trn mt mt phng vi dy nht nh v m bo cc iu kin
v nhit , m, lng oxi v thi gian cho qu trnh ln men xy ra. y c th l
mt mt phng kn hoc mt phng c t l.

Mt phng ln men dng kn:
C th s dng cc khay kn hoc sn nh. Trong trng hp ny, s lu thng khng kh
ch xy ra trn mt thong nn lm gim cht lng ca khi ch. V vy, ngi ta ch ri
ch thnh lp mng.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 21

Mt phng ln men c t l: c thit k theo 2 cch
Mt phng ln men l 1 mng di hay sn li c cu to nh sau:











Trong , li c lm bng cht do hoc bng thp khng g. Ngi ta s dng qut
ly tm c lc y ln iu tit khng kh cho qu trnh ln men.

Mt phng ln men c thit k dng c cu to nh sau:










Thit theo cch ny tuy n gin nhng din tch lm vic nh ln nng sut thp.



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 22

u im ln men gin on: n gin.
Nhc im ln men gin on:
Cht lng ch ln men khng cao, kh c gii ha, nng sut thp, cng lao
ng cao.
Khng ch ng iu chnh c cc ch k thut. Do ln men gin on
khng qun l c thi gian ln men ph hp nn c hin tng cng nhn t gim bt
thi gian v v ln men chy theo nng sut khon. Do ch thng xut hin v
ng cht ca tanin cha b oxi ha. l nguyn nhn lm ch OTD c cht lng
khng cao.
2. Phng php ln men lin .
L ch sau khi ph v t bo v nh hnh c ri u trn bng ti vi
dy t 13 -20cm . Bng ti chuyn ng lin tc vi tc ph hp, thi gian ln men
t 1 gi 30 pht n 2 gi hon thin cht lng cho ch en.
S dng my ln men dng bng chuyn, trn bng truyn c c nhiu l lu
thng khng kh. C 2 kiu my.
My c bng chuyn ch vic mt mt:













Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 23


c im ca my: Bng chuyn c chiu di khong 8-24m v chiu rng khong
1,2-1,4m. C th iu chnh c tc ca my, thi gian sy ti a l 2 gi v thi
gian sy ti thiu l 1 gi.

Thit b ln men lin tc CMF.

Khi ch sau khi v c tri u trn li bng ti c l vi b dy nht nh.
Khng kh c dn qua ng ng vo thit b ln men bng qut iu chnh tc ,
m, nhit . Lu lng khng kh c th iu chnh c nh tm chn ngay c vo ca
dng kh.
CMF c nhiu u im hn hn so vi cch ln men truyn thng trn sn: c
th iu khin kim sot cc thng s k thut d dng hn, c th t ng ha, tit kim
din tch, gim thi gian ln men, n nh cht lng v sn lng, gii phng lao
ng m vn c th to c ch c cht lng nh ln men trn sn. Tuy nhin s tn
km chi ph thit b v nng lng.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 24








My c bng chuyn lm vic c hai mt (do Nga ch to)
Cu to ca my:












c im ca my: My c u im l lm vic c hai mt nn khong
khng gian lm vic ln. Khng kh c cp vo bng my nn hoc bng vi
phun t bnh nn kh giu oxi.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 25

Mt bin php mi h tr cho qu trnh ln men c p dng l dng bc x t
ngoi. tia t ngoi c 2 tc dng chnh trong qu trnh ln men:
- Tiu dit cc vi sinh vt b nhim vo khi ch khi ln men.
- Kch thch, tng cng hot tnh ca enzym polyphenoloxydase, v vy thc
y cc phn ng sinh ha.
kt thc giai on ln men cho thch hp, ngi ta da vo mt s nguyn tc sau:
Khi ch ln men c mu ng , c hng thm v mu d chu th c th a ch i
sy.
Trong thi gian ln men, nhit ca khi ch tng dn v sau khi t cc i th bt
u gim xung. Giai on l men c kt thc khi nhit bt u gim.
Trong qu trnh ln men hm lng tannin trong ch gim dn, ty theo tng loi ch
m ngi ta cn phi gi hm lng tannin cn li sau khi ln men trong mt thi
gian nht nh. Cn c vo ngi ta lp bng tiu chun v hm lng tannin
kt thc giai on ln men.

Bng: S bin i hm lng tannin trong qu trnh ln men
Phn ch loi I Phn ch loi II
Hm lng tannin
Sau khi v ln I
(%)
Hm lng tannin
Khi kt thc ln
men
(%)
Hm lng tannin
Sau khi v ln I
(%)
Hm lng
tannin
Khi kt thc
ln men
(%)
19 21 12 14 11 13 9 10
21 23 14 16 13 15 9 10
23 25 16 17 15 17 9 11
25 27 17 19 17 19 11 12
27 31 19 21 19 21 12 14
31 34 21 23 21 23 14 15
Cha ln men Ln men va
Bn ln men ln men


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 26

34 37 13 24 23 24 15 17
37 40 24 25 24 25 17 19








Cha ln men Ln men va Bn ln men ln men
Ch sau khi ln men.


Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 27

CHNG III.
MY V THIT B TRONG CNG NGH SN
XUT CH EN THEO PHNG PHP CTC.
I. Qu trnh CTC.
1. Mc ch.
Ging nh mc ch ca qu trnh v ch ca phng php truyn thng nhng
tng dp ca l ch ton b khi ch c ln men ng u cng mt lc cc
iu kin v thi gian nh nhau.
2. Bin i.
Tng t nh qu trnh v ca phng php truyn thng nhng mc cao
hn.
3. Phng php thc hin.
Thit b CTC thc hin 3 qu trnh: ct, v, nghin trong cng mt thit b.
Thay v phi lm vic vi 1 lng th tch l ch ln, thit b CTC lm vic vi dng
l ch u n v mng hn, lm vic nhanh hn v lin tc hn. Hnh dng, cht
lng, hm lng cc cht, s pha ch ph thuc vo mc ct trong thit b CTC.
Nhng b phn ch yu: 2 trc ln trn bng thp khng g, trn c cc
ng xon c n khp vi nhau, v chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau vi t l tc
1:10. ng knh ca trc ln t 20,3 cm n 20,95 cm. ngy nay ng knh ca
trc ln hn :33cm. Ba hay bn my CTC lm vic song song nhau, c ni vi
nhau qua cc bng ti bng cao su khng c, sch, a vo trc ln c tc chm.

II. Nguyn tc hot ng:
Qu trnh ch, x, xon c thc hin bi cc bnh rng trn 2 trc ca
con ln chuyn ng ngc chiu vi tc khc nhau. L ch c a vo trc ln
c tc chm v c ct thnh nhng kch thc nh hn. Cnh sc ca cc rng
s ct v x cc l ch, trong khi l c ch v lm xon gia cc bn sn ca
rng. Ch sau khi c x l s c a vo 2 trc ln ang chuyn ng trn bng
ti. Hnh dng, kch thc tc ca cc rng khc nhau s nh hng quyt nh
trong tin trnh CTC.




Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 28


2














trc ln sc v n khp vi nhau s nh hng ng k ln cht lng ca
ch.
Qu trnh x th lin quan n khong cch ca 2 trc ln v t l tc
chuyn ng . Khong cch cng gn, t l tc cng cao s cho loi nh hn.
Ch v lm xon: 2 qu trnh ny xy ra ng thi, ph thuc vo b mt
ca rng, khong cch v tc chuyn ng cu 2 trc ln.
Cng sut gim xung khi ng knh ca trc ln gim.










Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 29

Thng s k thut ca thit b
Kch thc
(inch)
24 30 36 48
B rng
bng ti
mm
760 850 1000 1300
Khi lng
ch sy/gi
750-800 900-1100 1200-1400 1500-1800
Cng sut ng c (HP)
Ct ln 1 15 25 30 35
Ct ln 2 15 20 25 30
Kch thc (mm)
Chiu cao 1150 1150 1150 1150
Chiu rng 2200 2320 2500 2800
Chiu di 3650 5500 7450 9200






Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 30





















Ch en sn xut theo phng php CTC



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 31

SN PHM CH CTC




Ch mnh c bit
vng da cam
Broke
rs


Ch mnh c
bit
Broken pekoe
souchang

Ch vn vng da
cam



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 32

III. So snh 2 quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ch en OTD v CTC.
Phng php truyn thng Phng php CTC
1. Nguyn
liu
Cht lng phi tt Cht lng t trung bnh n tt
2. Quy
trnh
Lm ho




V




Ln men


Sy








Phn loi













- Thi gian di: 16- 18 gi.
- m l ch sau lm ho
l 62- 63 % i vi l ch
non, 64-67% i vi l ch
gi.

- Mc dp nt ca t bo
l khng cao bng pp CTC
(trung bnh 75% t bo b
dp).

- Ton b khi ch ln men
khng ng u bng.

- Ch vo my sy khng
t v bt dnh nh ch
CTC.

- Thng dng my sy
bng ti.



- Dng sng bng hoc sng
trn.

- Khng cn b tr hng n
v b mt tip xc khng
ln.



- Khng cn b tr ht gi
x ru trn b mt lui
sng.


- Thi gian ngn: 4-5 gi.
- Mc lm ho t hn:
m l sau lm ho 67-69%.



- Mc dp nt ca t bo
l s din ra mnh hn.



- Ton b khi ch ln men
ng u hn.

- Cc vin ch sau khi vo
my sy t v bt dnh
hn.

- Thng dng my sy
tng si hoc kt hp my
sy bng ti v my sy
tng si.

- Dng my tch x, tch
cng v sng phn loi.

- Ch d ht m do b mt
tip xc ln nn phi b tr
cc hng n trn my
sng phn loi lm kh
cc vin ch nh.

- Khi ch ln nhiu x ru
nn phi b tr ht gi x
ru trn mt li sng.



Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

Nhm 3_ th 6_ tit 10,11,12 Trang 33




Sn phm


















Thi gian


Thit b

- Hng v thm hn, cht
lng tt hn.




- Hm lng theaflavins
thp hn.
- Thi gian pha ch di hn
v cc cht trong ch tan ra
nc pha lu hn.



- Sn phm ch cc kch
thc khc nhau: ch cnh,
ch mnh, ch vn.

- Gi thnh sn phm cao
hn.

- Tn nhiu thi gian hn.


- T ng ha khng cao,
ch yu l lao ng th
cng.

- t thm hn v mt lng
cc hp cht d bay hi c
sn trong ch nh linalool
v cc oxide ca chng b
phn hy trong qu trnh
nghin nh.
- Hm lng theaflavins cao
hn.
- Thi gian pha ch nhanh
hn v c nghin nh
hn, b mt tip xc gia
ch v nc ln hn nn
cc cht chit tan ra nc
pha nhanh hn.
- Sn phm ch khng a
dng bng: ch mnh v
ch vn, khng c ch
cnh.
- Gi thnh sn phm thp
hn.

- Tn t thi gian hn.


- T ng ha cao hn, a
s s dng my mc.









Cng ngh ch bin tr, c ph, ca cao GVHD: Nguyn Th Cc

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PHN CNG CNG VIC V TI LIU THAM KHO

Lnh Oanh
Chng I: phn Word +
Powerpoint
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Chng II : phn Word +
Powerpoint
Phn cng cng vic v ti
liu tham kho
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http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/san-xuat-che-den-theo-phuong-phap-otd-58251/
http://thietbimaysb.com/vn/tin-tuc--su-kien/Ky-thuat-san-xuat-che-den-146
http://tailieu.vn/doc/ky-thuat-che-bien-che-den-theo-phuong-phap-hien-dai-ctc-
1287922.html
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A0_%C4%91en
http://www.slideshare.net/kimqui91/k-thut-sn-xut-ch-en
http://hoangthitrucquynh.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/4/2/4642280/blacktea.pdf
http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/che/929-tinh-hinh-tieu-thu-che-tren-the-gioi.html
http://idoc.vn/tai-lieu/tieu-luan-tinh-hinh-san-xuat-va-tieu-thu-che.html
Gio trnh cng ngh ch bin ch, c ph , ca cao trng i hc Cng Nghip Thc
Phm. Thc s Nguyn Th Cc KS Hong Th Trc Qunh- ThS Nguyn Th Ngc Hi.