- What is culture ? Culture is viewed as a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living (Page 133. - Values: abstract ideas about what a group believe to be good, right and desirable Norms: the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. - Society: A group of people who share a common set of values and norms. - that is, people who bound together by a common culture. - Social structure. - SOCIAL STRUCTURE: 1. - New products and new ways of doing business. - High managerial mobility: executives are exposed to different ways of doing business the ability to compare business practice identify how good practices and techniques developed in one firm might be profitably applied to other firms. - The tendency to move on for a better offer managers have good skills but lack the knowledge, experience, and network that come from years of working within the same company. - Failure to achieve cooperation both within a company and between companies. - The Group. - Strong identification with the group is argued to create pressures for mutual self- help and collective action. - Creating strong incentives for individual members of the group to work together for the common good. - Managers and workers build up knowledge, experience, and a network of interpersonal business contacts. - Close cooperation within a company and between companies. - Lacking of dynamism and entrepreneurship Not many new products and new ways of doing business. - on the basis of characteristics such as family background, occupation, and income,… a. - Social Mobility The term social mobility refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born. - Social mobility varies significantly from society to society. - A caste system: Impossible to change A Class system: Possible ( Lưu ý có ví dụ về China ở phần cuối, trang 139) b. - Significance: Class consciousness refers to a condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background, and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes. - as noted above, class consciousness may be reemerging in urban China, and it may ultimately prove to be significant there. - RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS Religion may be defined as a system of shared belief s and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred. - Ethical systems refer to a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior. - Các tôn giáo chủ yếu ở TQ: (Kham khảo: http://maxreading.com/sach-hay/trung- quoc-abc/ca-c-ton-gia-o-chu-ye-u-o-trung-quo-c-25163.html) 1. - CONFUCIANISM (Theo tìm hiểu TQ có hết những tôn giáo này, ngoài ra còn có Cơ Đốc giáo và Đạo giáo. - Yêu cầu. - Đọc kĩ sách về từng loại và Economic Implication của từng loại Tìm hiểu tỉ lệ dân số cụ thể của TQ theo các đạo này Phân bố các tôn giáo theo vùng miền và tình hình kinh tế nhìn chung của vùng đó C. - LANGUAGE: 1.Spoken language: 1. - Spoken language: Language does far more than just enable people to communicate with each other. - The nature of a language also structures the way we perceive the world. - The language of a society can direct the at tent ion of its members to certain features of the world rather than others. - Because language shapes the way people perceive the world, it also helps define culture. - Countries with more than one language of ten have more than one culture. - Tìm hiểu phần trăm bao nhiêu người trên TG sử dụng tiếng TQ như ngôn ngữ thứ 1/thứ 2. - TQ hiện tại sử dụng bao nhiêu ngôn ngữ Ngôn ngữ chính thức (theo tìm hiểu là tiếng Quan Thoại), phần trăm là bao nhiêu, thường được sử dụng trong bối cảnh (văn bản, giao tiếp…) nào. - Một số rào cản ngôn ngữ giữa các vùng miền TQ gặp phải Đặc thù tiếng TQ, quan điểm của người TQ đối với ngôn ngữ dân tộc ảnh hưởng ntn đối vế giao thương kinh tế quốc tế Một số thông tin, facts hay nếu có 2. - Unspoken language Unspoken language refers to nonverbal communication. - We all communicate with each other by a host of nonverbal cues. - Another aspect of nonverbal communication is personal space, which is the comfortable amount of distance between you and the person you are talking with Yêu cầu. - Văn hóa giao tiếp của người TQ (chào hỏi, đi đứng, ăn nói. - Một số facts hay nếu có D.EDUCATION Formal education plays a key role in a society. - Formal education is the medium through which individuals learn many of the language, conceptual, and mathematical skills that are indispensable in modern society. - Formal education also supplement s the family's role in socializing the young into the values and norms of a society. - Values and norms are taught both directly and indirectly. - Schools generally teach basic facts about the social and political nature of a society. - They also focus on the fundamental obligations of citizenship. - Cultural norms are also taught indirectly at school. - Respect for others, obedience to authority, honesty, neatness, being on time, and so on are all part of the “ hidden curriculum” of schools. - From an international business perspective, one important aspect of education is its role as a determinant of national competitive advantage. - The availability of a pool of skilled and educated workers seems to be a major determinant of the likely economic success of a country. - In analyzing the competitive success of Japan since 1945, for example, Michael Porter notes that after the war, Japan had almost nothing except f or a pool of skilled and educated human resources Yêu cầu. - Hệ thống giáo dục TQ (Bao nhiêu cấp, thi cử. - Áp lực học tập thi cử Quan điểm của XH, cha mẹ về vấn đề Giáo dục Một số thành tựu tiêu biểu TQ đạt được trong lĩnh vực giáo dục Một số cá nhân thành công (nhà Kinh tế chẳng hạn) E. - CULTURE AND THE WORKPLACE F