J

(78 mc t) jabes jackrod jade jagged jailow jar phin than, st c st cn khoan ngc thch dng rng ca, lm chm ng c chn nui trn ni cao (Trung ) 1. bnh, l; 2. chn ng mnh; 3. ba khoan casing cutter ~ ba ct ng chng drilling ~ ba nghin ngc bch globular ~ ngc bch dng cu ribbon ~ ngc bch dng di striped ~ ngc bch dng sc ngc bch ho jaspilit, quarzit dng di dng keo (cht) keo than dng nn, than nh, than nn xen k vi phin phin cha than 1. dng, tia; 2. huyn, h phch en; 3. than nu sm ~ of pressure water tia p, tia nc c p ~ cutting tia ct gas ~ dng kh, lung kh turbulent ~ tia chy ri water ~ tia nc s ra l khoan bng tia nc mnh, phng php khoan thy lc g huyn ho p; chn qu, ngc qu ci i (qung), sng (qung); khun dn (khoan) ngi i qung; my sng, my rung s i lng; s ra qung 1. khe nt, th ch; 2. mt tip xc; 3. mu, t; 4. ch ni, khp ni bn l ~ cavity khoang khe nt ~ plane mt khe nt ~ s of retreat khe nt co p ~ set mng khe nt ~ system h thng khe nt blind ~ khe nt n, th ch khng r rng break ~ khe nt rn v cross ~ khe nt ct ngang dessication ~ khe nt kh hn diagonal ~ khe nt cho flat ~ khe nt bng, khe nt thoi

jasper

jasperization jaspilite jellous jelly jerries jerry jet

jetting jetonized wood jetty jewel jig jigger jigging joint

jointing

jointy jonnies judd jump

junction

juncture jungle Jupiter Jurassic juvenile juvenility

flat-lying ~ khe nt thoi head ~ s ni thng gc main ~, major ~ khe nt chnh, khe nt ch yu master ~ khe nt ch o open ~ khe nt h pinnate shear ~ khe nt ct dng lng chim pinnate tension ~ khe nt tch dng lng chim platy ~ th nt dng phin sheet ~ th nt dng va slip ~ khe nt trt th nt, th phin; tnh phn phin contraction ~ th nt co rt cross ~ th nt ct ngang dip ~ th nt cm theo va hammock ~ khi nt hnh vng pillow-like ~ th nt dng gi primary ~ th nt nguyn sinh pyramidal ~ th nt hnh thp sheet ~ khi nt dng va transverse ~ th nt ct ngang nt n, phn lp than nn bn tng than ln s bin v (ca mch); s t gy; bc nhy hydraulic ~ bc nhy thy lc undular ~ bc nhy hnh sng ~ correlation i snh nhy cc 1. s ni lin; mi ni; 2. s hp lu; ni hp lu ~ of veins s hp nhau ca cc mch accordant ~ hp lu chnh discordant ~ s hp lu khng chnh hanging ~ hp dng treo; ca lng treo river ~ im hp dng ng khu, mi ni, s ni li rng rm nhit i Sao Mc h, k Jura s sinh; nguyn sinh; tr thi k tr, tui thanh nin

K
(110 mc t) kainotypic kainovolcanic Kainozoic (thuc) kiu mi (thuc) ni la tr nguyn i, gii Kainozoi, Tn sinh

kallait kallar kame kame terrace kankar kaolin kaolin clay kaolinisation kaolinite kaolinization Karnian karre karst

karstenite Kasimovian katabatic wind kataclasis katagenesis katamorphic zone katamorphism kataseism katavothre katazone kavir kay Kazanian kegelkarst kennel kernbut kernel kerneol kern-stone kerosene kettle

kalait, ngc lam mng mui i vn (bng tch); di i g bng ( Scotlan) thm ra bng kt hch vi caolin st caolin s caolin ha kv kaonilit caolin ha (bc, k) Carni. n Carnian lung rng lc, tai mo ( min vi) karst, hin tng karst ~ cycle chu k karst; ~ lakes h karst; ~ landscape cnh quan karst; ~ pit h karst; ~ relief a hnh karst; ~ river sng karst (trong vng karst) ~ topography a hnh karst; ~ water nc karst; ~ well ging karst thch cao khan, anhirit bc, k Kasimov (Carbon thng mun) gi trng lc, gi ging, dng ging (s) ph vn s thoi ha i bin cht trn mt bin cht trn mt a chn hng chn tiu ca bin i bin cht su, i su. n catazone hoang mc mui, h cn ( hoang mc mui) bi ct nng bc, k Kazan (thuc Permi thng mun) karts i-hm 1. than nn; 2. cng, rnh khe sn t gy nhn (ca tinh th) crusted ~ nhn c v (bao) rnh st gia ct kt ht th du ho thp, du 1. lng cho 2. thng ng qung

kettle hole kettle lake Keuper key key bed key fossil key horizon key stratum key-words K-feldspar khor kidney ore kidney stone kidneys kidney-shaped kies killas kimberlite Kimmerian orogeny Kimmeridgian kind kind of cloud kind of landscape kinemometer kinetics kinetometamorphism klamm klastogneiss klastotuff klin klippe knap knee

trng lng cho h lng cho thnh h Keuper (Trias thng c) bi ct nng lp nh du ho thch ch o tng nh du va nh du du hiu quy c; ch gii (bn ); t kha felspat kali lng sui hp; hm, khe lng qung dng thn cui hnh thn, kt hch dng thn. n nephrit i qung chui thn, i qung phnh tht hnh thn qung sulfur phin bng; bn sn ca mch casiterit kimberlit (mt loi peridotit kim) chuyn ng to ni Kimmeri (trong Mesozoi) bc, k Kimmeridgi (Thuc Jura thng mun) loi, ging, loi; d gia cng (nguyn liu) loi my loi cnh quan my ghi tc ng lc hc bin cht ng lc hm su (vng vi) gneis vn tuf vn vch dng ng khi st (ca mt lp ph), khi st nghch chm; tng st (ca lp ph kin to); phn st (ca nhng np un o ngc) nh i ; g, i nh khuu, khc cong ~ of fold khc cong ca np un ~ of vein chn qu ca mch np un dng khuu ng chia nc dng lng chim, ng chia nc dng li dao 1. g, i trn; 2. ca s kin to; 3. bu, u; cc, hn (than) a hnh dng g i trn v lng cho a hnh bng tch dng g i trn v lng cho

knee-fold knife-edge divide knob knob-and-basin topography knob-and-kettle moraine relief

knobby knock knoll knot knotted schist knotted-hornfels facies knotty konimeter koniscope konisphere krasnozem krasnozem kratogen kraton, craton krematic water kum Kungurian kunkar, kunkur kurgan kuro-shivo kymatology kymograph kyr

1. c g, c i nh (a hnh); 2.c u, c bu i g, i nh; nh ca doi ct; khi nng ca m tiu san h 1.nt, hch, u bu; 2.dm, hi l phin sn m tng sng sn m () dng m; (g) c nhiu mt, c nhiu mu my o lng bi my m bi quyn bi crasnozom, t ( nhit i m) t (vng cn nhit i) kratogen craton (tng ng vi nn) nc thm lu sa mc bc, k Kungur (thuc Permi) tuf vi, vi kt hch dng tuf g cn dng bin Kuro-Sivo mn hc v sng, ba hc my ghi sng vng t bng, cao nguyn nh bng

L
(690 mc t) labradorite laccolite, laccolith lacuna, lacunae lacustrine lacustrine deposits lacustrine plain ladder (kv) labradorit (thuc nhm felspat) th nm ( magma) l rng (trong qu trnh trm tch); khong trng (trn bn ) (thuc) h trm tch h ng bng ngun gc h thang ~ of cascade thc bc thang reconnaissance ~ thang kho st, thang thm d telescope ~ thang nng kiu vin vng ( nng cao im quan trc) bc, k Ladin (thuc Trias trung) s chm, s tr isostatic ~ s tr ng tnh (ca v Tri t) tide ~ s chm triu time ~ s chm thi gian sn si tn d

Ladinian lag

lag deposit, lag gravel

lag-effect lagging lagoon lagoon sediment lahar (vocanic mudflow) lahars lake

biu hin chm, hin tng mun s chm, s tr vng, ph, lagoon trm tch vng, trm tch m ph, trm tch lagoon dng bn, dng bn ni la dng bn cold ~ dng bn lnh h atoll ~ h o san h, h o vng coastal ~ h ven bin crater ~ h ming ni la dwelling ~ h st estuarine ~ h ca sng explosion ~ h phun n (do ni la) fault trough ~ h a ho, h vng t gy fossil ~ h ho thch, h b chn vi fresh (water) ~ h nc ngt glacial ~ h bng h ice ~ h bng imprisonal ~ h t inland ~ h ni lc landslide ~ h t trt lava ~ h dung nham marginal ~ h ven bin mineral ~ h nc khong mud ~ h bn plateau ~ h cao nguyn plunge-basin ~ h bn st polje ~ h bn vi proglacial ~ h ngoi bng h relict ~ h st rift-valley ~ h thung lng rift, h thung lng t gy saline ~ h mn saucer ~ h mng nga sink ~ h st underground ~ h ngm lu vc h cnh quan h thm h h c dng thot h nh phn lp, phn phin; c vy phn lp, phn phin tnh phn lp, tnh phn phin lp mng, phin mng; mt tch lp dng l, dng tm, dng phn lp

lake basin lake landscape lake terrace lake with outlet lakelet lamellar lamellated lamellosity lamina laminany

laminar flow laminate lamination

dng chy phn tng thnh phin, thnh l s phn lp , s phn phin ; th lp sinuous ~ th lp un ln wave-like ~ th lp dng sng lamprophyr t; mt t; t lin, lc a arable ~ t canh tc bench ~ bi thm mi mn flood ~ bi trn hilly ~ t i low ~ t trng, t thp marginal ~ t ven bin, t ven ra marsh ~ m ly, t ly moor ~ t ly moss ~ m ru overflowed ~ t b ngp peat ~ t than bn saline ~ t mn sour ~ t chua, t st chua submarginal ~ t st ra table ~ vng t phng, cao nguyn, ng bng undulating ~ a hnh un ln, vng t g gh virgin ~ t mi, t cha khai warp ~ t bi wash ~ bi sng (khi c l th b ngp) bi t t (v pha bin) cu lc a thy vn lc a s trm khc b mt t cu trc t nghin cu t ai, nghin cu lnh th s ln b mt t gi t (thi t t lin ra bin) trung ; ng hoang a hnh actual ~ a hnh hin ti ancient ~ a hnh c arid ~ a hnh kh hn coastal ~ a hnh b bin , a hnh duyn hi erosional ~ a hnh xm thc tng quan a hnh ph a hnh

lamprophyre land

land accretiion land bridge land hydrology land sculpture land structure land studies land subsidence land-breeze lande landform

landform correlation landform spectrum

landscape

landscape class landscape geosphere landscape mantle landscape map landscape physic landscape science landslide breccia landslide slope landslide terrace landslide, landslip

landslip slope landslip terrace landslip tract land-tied island lane

lap lapis-lazuli larch forest large scale map late-glacial lateral divide lateral erosion lateral eruption lateral moraine laterisation laterite lateritic crust lateritic soils lateritization lateroid lathlike

cnh quan , phong cnh juvenile ~ cnh quan tr karst ~ cnh quan karst natural ~ cnh quan t nhin pond ~ cnh quan bn trng lp cnh quan a quyn cnh quan lp ph cnh quan bn cnh quan vt l cnh quan khoa hc cnh quan dm kt trt t sn trt t thm trt t s trt t , hin tung trt t , s st l asequential ~ s trt t khng lin tc detrusion ~ s trt t x ri multicycle ~ s trt nhiu chu k push ~ s trt x y sn trt t (quy m nh) thm trt t (quy m nh) vt trt t o ni t lin lch ; ng nh land ~ ng lc a ocean ~ ng hng hi 1. thung lng cn (gia hai qu i); 2. vt ph; 3. ting v (bp bnh ca sng) mu xanh da tri rng thng rng l bn t l ln (thuc) bng h mun phn ct ngang s xm thc ngang (lng sng) phun n sn bng tch sn s laterit ha laterit, ong secondary ~ laterit th sinh v laterit t laterit qu trnh laterit dng ong dng th ,dng di

lath-shaped latitude

latittice

Laurasia laurisilve lava

laval lava-tear

(c) dng di v , mng astronomic ~ v thin vn geocentric ~ v a tm geodetic ~ v trc a geographical ~ v a l geomagnetic ~ v a t heliographic ~ v Mt tri magnetic ~ v t mean ~ , middle ~ v trung bnh terrestrial ~ v a l ; v Tri t mng atomic ~ mng nguyn t crystal ~ mng tinh th space ~ mng khng gian lc a Laurasia (tch t phn bn cu bc ca Pangea) rng nhit i dung nham, lava ~ breccia dm kt dung nham ~ cascade thc dung nham ~ eruption s phun tro dung nham ~ flow dng dung nham ~ flow dng dung nham ~ lake h dung nham ~ plateau cao nguyn dung nham ~ rag x dung nham ~ sheet va dung nham, khin dung nham ~ shield khin dung nham, lp ph dung nham agglomeration ~ dung nham t kt, dung nham aglomerat aphrolitic ~ dung nham dng t ong, dung nham bazan dng x aqueous ~ dung nham ln nc (bn ni la do tro ni la ln vi nc to thnh) basaltic ~ dung nham bazan bench ~ dung nham y cellular ~ dung nham dng bt; dung nham t ong interfluent ~ dung nham xen dng paehoehoe ~ dung nham dng chy, dung nham pahoehoe pillow ~ dung nham dng gi ropy ~ dung nham vn thng slaggy ~ dung nham x, x ni la tuff agglomerate ~ dung nham khi t kt tuf (thuc) dung nham git dung nham

law

lawn lay layer

layer of no motion layered structure layering layering layering of relief layout

lazurite leached soil

lut, nh lut ~ of conservation of energy nh lut bo ton nng lng ~ of conservation of matter nh lut bo ton vt cht ~ of gravitation nh lut hp dn ~ of segregation nh lut phn ly ~ of unequal slope nh lut sn khng cn i ~ of universal gravitation nh lut vn vt hp dn space ~ nh lut khng gian twining ~ nh lut song tinh bi c lp; va; ng b (sng, bin) 1. lp; va; lp kp, th lp; 2. s sp xp (thnh lp, thnh tng); 3. s chit cnh ~ of floating plants tng thc vt ni ~ of frictional influence lp nh hng ma st ~ structure cu trc lp ~ of coal va than; lp kp than ~ of disintegrated material lp vt liu phong ho active ~ lp hot ng atmospheric ~ lp kh quyn bottom ~ tng y, lp y; tr boundary ~ lp gii hn, lp bin calm ~ lp lng gi emission ~ lp pht thi, tng pht thi haze ~ tng sng m, tng m nh herb ~ tng c, tng cy tho isothermal ~ tng ng nhit ozone ~ tng ozon permeability ~ tng thm nc radiative ~ tng bc x scattering ~ lp khuch tn shrub ~ tng cy bi soil ~ lp t (trng), tng t tree ~ tng cy g turbulent boundary ~ tng bin nhiu lon upper air ~ tng kh cao khng lp khng dch chuyn cu trc phn lp tnh phn lp ; s phn tng thnh lp s phn tng ca a hnh s b tr , s sp xp ; h thng khai thc ~ of control li im khng ch city ~ quy hoch thnh ph, bnh thnh ph (kv) lazurit t ra la

leaching lead

s ra la 1. ch; 2. mch, mch dn; 3. dy di o su; 4. s hung dn, s ch dn lead glance khong vt galen lead-uranium age method phng php uran ch ( nh tui) lead-bearing cha ch leader mch dn leadsman nhn vin k thut thy vn leaf-gneiss gneis (tim nhp) dng l leafless plant cy tri l lea-mould t mn leat va than nhnh ; mng dn nc leck t st cht xt , st do ; phin st lectostratotype lectostratotyp, mt ct chun chn (ca phn v a tng) ledge 1. mch qung, thn qung; va; 2. ngm, m tiu; 3. mu, g, ra fault ~ b t gy lee-sire mt khut gi leeward hng khut gi , khut gi leeward coast b bin khut gi lee shore b bin khut gi leeward slope sn khut gi left-lateral fault t gy ngang-tri. n sinistral fault left-rotating quay tri left-slip fault t gy trt bng tri length di, chiu di gauge ~ chiu di o c geodetic ~ ng (thng) trc a grid ~ khong cch theo li to nominal ~ di danh ngha overall ~ di ton phn, chiu di ton phn standard ~ di chun total ~ tng di wall ~ chiu rng ca gng l wave ~ di sng legend ch gii ~ of symbol bng ch gii k hiu explanatory ~ ch gii ngoi khung lenitic lense lensing lens-shaped lenticle lenticle lenticular (thuc) nc tnh, nc ng, nc t th thu knh th nm dng thu knh dng thu knh, dng ht u thu knh; va dng thu knh th thu knh dng thu knh, dng ht u

lenticularity lentiform lentil lepidoblastic lepidodendrid Lepidophyte leucocratic levee level

level surface of ocean levelling

s sp xp dng thu knh dng thu knh thu knh (thuc) vy bin tinh Cy vy (trong Paleozoi) nhm cy vy (trong Paleozoi) sng mu 1. ; 2. g ven sng 1. mt, mc, tng; 2. (knh) niv, ng bt nc; 3. l ngang ~ of ground water mc nc di t ~ of subsoil water mc nc ngm (tng nng) ~ of water table mc gng nc automatic (-aligning) ~ ng thu chun t ng basal ~ tng c s, mc c s base ~ mc c s (ca sng) condensation ~ mc ngng kt, cao ngng kt convection condensation ~ cao ngng kt i lu dynamic ~ mc ng lc energy ~ mc nng lng equivalent water ~ mc nc tng ng flood ~ mc nc l flood discharge ~ mc nc tho l freezing ~ cao ng bng geoid ~ mt geoid head-water ~ mc nc thng lu hydrostatic ~ mc thu tnh karst base ~ mc c s karst low-water ~ mc nc dng mean annual water ~ mc nc bnh qun nm mean hight water ~ mc nc cao trung bnh mean land ~ cao trung bnh ca lc a mean sea ~ mc nc bin trung bnh mean tide ~ mc triu trung bnh mining ~ su khai thc mixing condensation ~ cao ngng kt hn hp overflow ~ mc nc l river base ~ mc (xm thc) gc (c s) ca sng safe ~ mc an ton sphere ~ mc v qu t, mc a quyn standing ~ mc n nh static ~ mc tnh b mt mc i dng s san bng, s o cao, s o thu chun barometrical ~ s o cao kh p profile ~ s o cao mt ct thermometric ~ s o cao bng nhit k

lever Lias, Liassic lichen lichen layer lichen tundra lichenophagous lido life life environment life form life-cycle lifetime lightning

n by, n gt azimuthal ~ thc ngm, thc phng v thng, th Lias (= Jura h sm) a y tng a y i nguyn a y n a y vng, m, bu 1. s sng; i sng; 2. s sinh tn; 3. tui th, thi gian tn ti ~ of field thi gian khai thc khu m mi trng sng dng sng vng i sut i, c i chp, tia chp ribbon ~ chp dng di star ~ , stellar ~ chp sao, thin thch streak ~ chp di, chp dng vt volcanic ~ chp ni la zigzag ~ chp ngon ngoo b ha g linhit, than nu, than non cha linhit, c linhit kin trc linhit cha linhit dng linhit vng ca sng, liman vng ca sng b bin c vng ca sng (b bin liman) 1. khuu ( dng c o gc); 2. cnh (ca t gy); 3. qung (Mt tri); 4. bin, b, mp; 5. vnh chia , bn ; 6. mch ni m ngang, honh sn ~ of vein on vng ca mch qung, khc ngot ca mch anticlinal ~ cnh np li back ~ cnh sau bringht ~ qung sng floor ~ cnh di (ca np un nm) inverted ~ cnh nga moon ~ qung Mt trng overfolded ~ cnh o (ca np li) overturned ~ cnh , cnh o ln reversed ~ cnh o ngc reversed middle ~ cnh gia o ngc roof ~ cnh trn, cnh treo (ca np un nm ngang) solar ~ qung Mt tri

lignified lignite lignite-bearing lignitic-structure lignitiferous lignitoid liman liman liman coast limb

synclinal ~ cnh np lm thinned-out middle ~ cnh gia vt mng (ca np un) trough ~ cnh np mng upper ~ cnh trn (ca np un nm) limbs of a fold lime cnh np un vi ~ horizon tng cha vi ~ nodules bao th, kt hch vi ~ concretion kt hch vi ~ felsdspar felspat calci ~ mud bn vi ~ mdstone argilit vi nhu cu bn vi vi algal ~ vi to amygdaloidal ~ vi hnh nhn arenaceous ~ vi ct bituminous ~ vi bitum cavern ~ vi hang ng crystalline ~ vi kt tinh, hoa dolomitic ~ vi olomit limnetic ~ vi h organic ~ vi hu c, vi sinh vt shell ~ vi v trai c silicious ~ vi silic kt hch vi nc khong vi ranh gii, gii hn, phm vi damming ~ gii hn mc nc dng (trn p) shrinkage ~ gii hn co tidal ~ gii hn (khu vc) nh hng triu tidal water ~ gii hn sng triu s gii hn c hn, hu hn (thuc) h, m qun x m h sinh hc m h sinh vt m h nh nghin cu m h m h hc, mn hc m h qung st nu, kv limonit sinh vt a m h thc vt m h sinh vt ni m h dng bn

lime-requirement limestone

limestone concretions limewater limit

limitation limited limnetic, limnic limnium limnobiology limnobios limnologist limnology limonite limnophilous organisms limnophytes limnoplankton limous

limy limy concretion line

(thuc) vi kt hch cha vi ng, tuyn ~ of break ng sp l, tuyn st l ~ of dislocation ng bin v ~ of disturbance i ph hu, i nhiu lon ~ of force ng lc ~ of growth ng tng trng ~ of growth annuation vng tng trng hng nm ~ of level ng o cao ~ of lode ng phng ca mch ~ of strike ng phng adiabatic ~ ng on nhit base ~ ng y, ng c s bathymetric ~ ng ng mc su bearing ~ ng phng v border ~ ranh gii, ng b boundary ~ bin gii city ~ ng ranh gii thnh ph coast ~ ng b bin cosiesmic ~ ng ng chn cotidal ~ ng ng triu (ln) crystallographic ~ tuyn kt tinh directional ~ ng nh hng displacement ~ ng dch chuyn distant ~ ng chn tri biu kin divide ~ ng chia nc, ng phn thu drainage ~ ng tiu nc equipressure ~ ng ng p equiscalar ~ ng ng tr fault ~ ng t gy fault shore ~ ng b t gy freezing point ~ ng im ng bng ground ~ ng mt t, ng nn, ng y growth ~ ng tng trng haze ~ ng sng m heavy coutour ~ ng ng mc c bn high-water ~ ng triu cao horizon ~ ng chn tri horizontal ~ ng nm ngang isarythmic ~ ng ng tr isoatmic ~ ng cng bc hi isobaric ~, isobarometric ~ ng ng p isobathic ~ ng ng su isoclimatic ~ ng ng kh hu isogeothermal ~ ng ng a nhit isohyetal ~ ng ng lng ma

line symbols method lineament linear depression linear distortion linear erosion linear scale lingulid lining lip liptobiolithic coal liquation liquation liquescence liquescency liquid mother liquor list

isohygrometric ~ ng ng m isomagnetic ~ ng ng t isophenological ~ ng ng vt hu isopiestic ~ ng dng p isosalinity ~ ng ng mn isoseismic ~ ng ng chn isothermal ~ ng ng nhit landform ~ ng a hnh low-water ~ ng triu thp meridian ~ ng kinh tuyn neat ~ ng khung trong bn orographic ~ ng sn vn orographic snow ~ ng tuyt sn vn sounding ~ ng o su strand ~ ng b strike ~ ng phng travel ~ tuyn kho st b ng ngn nc water parting ~ ng phn thy wind shift ~ ng chuyn hng gi, trc rnh p thp phng php k hiu ng yu t dng tuyn vng trng, h st dng tuyn s bin dng theo tuyn xi mn dng tuyn t l di h Gi bin 1. dim, vch; 2. s chn, s bc quanh, s lt xung quanh; 3. s pht tuyn (trong trc a m); 4. s san bng, s ko thng 1. mi; vin m; 2. ming, mp ( ging; ni la) ~ of crater b, ming ni la than tn d thc vt s dung ly s ha lng trng thi ho lng s ho lng dung dch magma st, cht lng (nng chy) tn d 1. bng mc lc, danh sch; 2. than nh m ~ of coordinates (bng) danh mc to ~ of signs bng du hiu qui c (thuc) ~ arkose arkos trm tch ~ graywack grauvac trm tch ~ tuff tuf trm tch s ho

lithic

lithification

lithoclast lithocorrelation lithofacies lithofacies map lithogenesis lithohorizon lithoidal lithologic map lithologic unit lithologic(al) lithology lithomarge lithomorphic lithophagous lithophilous lithophysa lithophytes lithosiderite lithosphere lithostratigraphic unit lithostratigraphy lithotope litrameter littoral

live stream Llandeilian Llandovery load

loadstone

vn carbonat i snh thch hc tng , tng trm tch bn tng sinh , thch sinh thch tng. n lithostratigraphic horizon dng bn thch hc phn v thch a tng. n lithostratigraphc unit (thuc) trm tch hc thch hc trm tch kaolin cng dng sinh vt n a , mc trn , sng trn thch bo thc vt mc trn thin thch st quyn , thch quyn phn v thch a tng. n lithologic unit thch a tng thch cnh t trng k ven b, y bin gian triu ~ benthos sinh vt y vng triu ~ current dng chy vng triu ~ deposit tch t vng triu ~ fauna h ng vt vng triu ~ flora h thc vt vng triu ~ zone i triu dng chy quanh nm bc, k Landeili (thuc Ordovic) bc, k Landover (thuc Silur h sm) ti, ti trng ~ metamorphism bin cht do ti trng ~ of river vt liu vn chuyn do sng bed ~ trm tch y (bn, ct, si v cc mnh vn di chuyn lng y) river dissolved ~ lng ha tan trong nc sng safe ~ ti trng an ton sediment ~ ti trng ct bn, lng chuyn ct bn (trong sng) tidal ~ p lc thy triu qung st t, nam chm

loam

lob lobate delta lobe

local

locality localization location

st, st pha clay ~ st pha coarse sandy ~ st pha ct th fine sandy ~ st pha ct mn fluviatile ~ st sng, st bi tch heavy ~ st nng heavy clay ~ st nng loess-like ~ st dng hong th light ~ st nh marl ~ st cha vi, st pha vi mellow ~ st b (ri) red ~ st sandy ~ st pha ct silt ~ st bn silty ~ st ln bn ~ of gold m nh sa khong vng c hm lng cao chu th dng li xng cnh, thy ~ of orogenic belt cnh ai to ni flood plain ~ bi bi, li ng bng piedmont ~ cnh bng chn ni (thuc) a phng ~ base level mc c s a phng ~ circulation hon lu a phng ~ climate kh hu a phng ~ pollution nhim cc b ~ terrace thm a phng ~ time gi a phng ~ unconformity khng chnh hp a phng ~ winds gi a phng vng, v tr, a phng tactical ~ vng chin thut s nh v, s khu tr v tr; s nh v; s nh tuyn ~ of epicenter s nh v ngoi chn tm ~ of well s nh v l khoan flank ~ s phn b (l khoan) cnh (np un) geographic ~ v tr a l quiet ~ v tr yn tnh, vng khng c ng t bc, k Lochkov (thuc Devon h sm) 1. tm chn; kha, cht; 2. ca cng trung tm, tm ~ of concentration im tp trung ~ of foundering im st ln ore ~ khu qung, im qung

Lochkovian lock locus

lode

lodestone loess loess flow loess loam loessland long clay long wave log longitude longitudinal

long-range forecast longshore longshore bar longshore current long-wave outgoing radiation of the Earth long-wave radiation loose

1. mch, mch cha kim loi, mch qung; 2. mng dn nc barren ~ mch khng qung contact ~ mch tip xc ore ~ mch qung stratified ~ mch phn lp unkindly ~ mch khng gi tr khai thc qung st t, nam chm; n loadstone hong th dng bi hong th st hong th vng t hong th st do sng mt; n surface wave nht k biu kinh dc; (thuc) kinh , kinh thuyn ~ coast b dc (theo phng cu trc a cht) ~ conssequent stream dng chy dc hng cm (ca np un) ~ dune cn ct dc (theo hng gi) ~ fault t gy dc (theo phng cu trc) ~ fold np un dc (theo phng cu trc) ~ joint khe nt dc ~ profile trc din dc ~ section mt ct dc ~ valley thung lng dc d bo di hn ven b doi ct ven b dng ven b bc x sng di t Tri t bc x sng di b ri, xp ~ rock v vn ~ sediments trm tch b ri thng, th Loping (thuc Permi thng mun) lipolit, th chu (ca xm nhp) s mt, s thit hi ~ of pressure s mt p sut ~ of water s mt nc absorption ~ s mt nc do thm capacity ~ tn tht dung lng energy ~ tn tht nng lng slippage ~ tn tht do trt underground ~ s thot ngm di t

Lopingian lopolith loss

lost river Lotharingian lough low

lower core lower culmination lower mantle of the Earth lowering

sng bin (vng karst) bc, k Lotharing (thuc Jura h sm) h, vnh ( Ireland) 1. p thp; 2. mc thp, t s thp ~ albite albit nhit thp ~ bush tundra i nguyn cy bi thp ~ clouds my thp ~ grade bin cht yu ~ land t thp ~ latitude v thp ~ quartz thch anh nhit thp ~ relief a hnh ni thp ~ shrub cy bi thp ~ water datum mt c s ca mc nc thp ~ water nc mc thp barometric ~ p thp equatorial ~ p thp xch o heat ~ nhit thp permanent ~ p thp thng xuyn phreatic ~ tng nc ngm structural ~ s st ln kin to subpolar ~ p thp a cc thermal ~ p thp nng topographic ~ a hnh thp nhn trong (ca Tri t) nh di (ca mt cu trc) manti trong, manti di, quyn gia (ca Tri t) s h thp ~ of sea level s h thp mc nc bin ~ of water table s h thp ca gng nc (ngm) min thp min t thp, ng bng min t thp, vng t thp v thp my tng thp nm thp thng, th Ludlov (thuc Silur) s pht sng cc, tng, ming; antraxit tm ~ of coal cc than mud ~ cc bn thnh cc, thnh tng (thuc) Mt trng nguyt thc triu mt trng

lowgrounds lowland lowland low-latitude low-level clouds low-lying Ludlow luminescence lump

lumpy lunar lunar eclipse lunar tide

lunar year lunate lunation lustre

lutaceous Lutetian lyophil lyophobe Lyre

nm m lch hnh trng, hnh li lim tun trng, thng m lch nh adamantine ~ nh kim cng, nh rt mnh bronze ~ nh ng glimmering ~ nh lp lnh metallic ~ nh kim (loi) metallic-adamatine ~ nh kim loi - kim cng pearly ~ nh x c soapy ~ nh m submetallic ~ nh kim vitreous ~ nh thu tinh weak ~ nh m c st, c bn bc, k Lutet (thuc Paleogen) d ho tan li kh ho tan li chm sao Thin cm

M
maar Maastrichtian macaluba machine (951 mc t) ni la dng khin bc, k Maastrichti (thuc Creta thng mun) = Maestrichti ni la bn my, dng c drafting ~ dng c v drilling ~ my khoan information processing ~ my x l thng tin mining ~ my m multiplex ~ my phng bn trc a plotting ~ my v rock drilling ~ my c tide predicting ~ my d bo thu triu universal drafting ~ my o v ton nng than phn phin, phin than trc di (ca tinh th) kh hu chung, kh hu hc v m mn kh hu chung, mn kh hu v m vn th kt tinh ht ln, kt tinh th s trc vy ln (do phong ha) nhm tng, tng th h ng vt ln

macker, macket macroaxis macroclimate macroclimatology macroclastic rock macrocrystalline macrodesquamation macrofacies macrofauna

macroflora macromeritic macrometeorology macro-organism macrophanerophyte macrophyric macrophyte macrorelief macrosceism macroscopic macrotectonics macrostructure macrozone Maestrichtian mafite magma

magmaene magmatic

magmatism magmatization magmatogene magnet

magnetic

h thc vt ln hin tinh, ht to kh tng hc v m, i kh tng hc sinh vt ln thc vt tri l ln ban tinh ln; n macroporphyritic thc vtln a hnh ln, i a hnh ng t ln, v chn v m, c ln kin to v m, kin to ln kin trc ln, kin trc v m i khu, i i bc, k Maestrichti (thuc Creta thng mun) = Maastrichti khong vt mafic; n tinh sm mu magma ~ chamber l magma ~ type kiu magma agressive ~ magma ln crateral ~ magma ming ni la fractional ~ magma phn d intermediate ~ magma trung gian invasive ~ magma xm ln monotectic ~ mc ma n dung parent (al) ~ ; primary ~ magma m, magma nguyn sinh partial ~ magma tch thnh tng phn polytectic ~ magma a dung residual ~, rest ~ magma st, magma tn d superfluent ~ magma tro (t nh ni la) syntectic ~ magma ng dung (thuc) ngun magma (thuc) magma ~ arc cung magma, cung ni la ~ assimilation s ng ho magma ~ deposit t khong magma, n magmatic ore deposit ~ differentiation s phn d magma ~ emanation s phun kh magma hot ng magma, thuyt magma s magma ho ngun gc magma st t, nam chm native ~ qung st t t sinh natural ~ qung st t t nhin, manhetit c t tnh ~ needle kim nam chm ~ anomaly d thng t

magnetism

magnetization magnetogram magnetograph magnetohydrodynamics magnetometer

magnetosphere magneto-turbulence magnifier magnify magnifying magnitude

~ azimuth phng v t ~ cleaning s kh t n magnetic washing ~ declination t thin ~ dip t khuynh ~ equator xch o t ~ field t trng ~ inclination t khuynh ~ iron ore qung st t ~ meridian kinh tuyn t ~ pole cc t ~ polarity reversal s o cc t, n geomagnetic reversal ~ storm bo t ~ washing s kh t, n magnetic cleaning t tnh earth's ~ t tnh Tri t, a t induced ~ t cm ng induced ~ t cm ng remanent ~ t st, t d rock ~ t tnh ca terrestrial ~ t tnh Tri t, a t s t ho biu t, bng ghi t my ghi t, t k t thu ng lc hc t k airborne ~ t k hng khng astatic ~ t k khng nh hng vertical-field ~, vertical-force ~ t k o thng ng quyn t nhiu t knh phng i, knh lp; b khuych i hand ~ knh phng i cm tay khuych i, tng cng s khuych i, s tng cng ln, cp ng t ~ of degradation suy thoi ~ of faulting bin ca t gy absolute ~ ln tuyt i apparent ~ ln biu kin mc c s chnh sng chnh sui chnh s thnh to, s ch to eddy ~ s to xoy ~ tc dng to ni, s to ni wave ~ s to sng

main base level main river main stream making

Malm malpais maltha malthite Malthusian principle mamato-cumulus mamelon mammoth managament mandelstone manganese nodule manganese ore manganolites manganosite mangrove mangrove swamp manometer mantle

mantled gneiss dome mantled karst manuscript map

Malm (Jura thng) dung nham lm chm; bi dung nham manta, du m nha en, bitum na lng manta, du m nha en, bitum na lng nguyn l Malthus my tch dng v cn, g (dng v), mu, nm voi mamut s qun l, s iu khin land ~ qun l t ai hnh nhn kt hch mangan qung mangan manganolit ( c khong vt mangan ) kv manganosit cy c, Rhizophora mangle m ly c, m ly rng ngp mn p k 1. manti 2. lp ph, lp o 3. bao vng ~ of glacial drift lp ph bng tch ~ of soil lp ph th nhng ~ of waste v phong ho ~ plume tri manti agglomerate ~ lp ph kt vm v manti karst ph bn tho, bn gc bin tp (bn ) bn ~ assemblage t hp bn ~ caption ch dn bn , ph bn ~ danh php bn ~ elements yu t bn ~ montage ghp bn ~ nomenclature ~ of stock forest bn tr lng rng ~ of vegetation bn thm thc vt ~ of water table bn gng nc ngm ~ projection php chiu bn ~ scale t l bn aerological ~ bn kh tng cao khng aeronautic ~ bn hng khng agricultural ~ bn nng nghip agroclimatic ~ bn kh hu nng nghip air ~ bn hng khng; bn bay bathymetric ~ bn su bioclimatic ~ bn sinh kh hu

mapland mapping map-read marble

marbled

census ~ bn thng k dn s climatic ~ bn kh hu communication ~ bn giao thng detailed ~ bn chi tit exploration ~ bn thm d forestry ~ bn rng geochemical ~ bn a ho geographic ~ bn a l geological ~ bn a cht geomorphological ~ bn a mo gravimetric ~ bn trng lc grazing service ~ bn t chn th hydrochemical ~ bn thu ho hydrographic ~ bn thu vn index ~ bn ch dn isopach ~ bn ng dy key ~ bn gc; bn ch dn landscape ~ bn cnh quan large-scale ~ bn t l ln lithological ~ bn thch hc metallogenic ~ bn sinh khong meteorological ~ bn kh tng military ~ bn qun s orographic ~ bn sn vn ownership ~ bn s hu t ai pedological ~ bn th nhng phenologic ~ bn vt hu hc photographic ~ bn nh physical ~, physiographic ~ bn a l t nhin prognostic ~ bn d bo small-scale ~ bn t l nh strategic ~ bn chin lc synoptic ~ bn d bo thi tit tactical ~ bn chin thut tectonic ~ bn kin to topographic ~ bn a hnh tourist ~ bn du lch vegetation ~ bn thm thc vt weather ~ bn thi tit zoogeographic ~ bn a l ng vt vng lp bn s o v bn , s lp bn c bn hoa, cm thch lumachelle ~ hoa v s shell ~ hoa v s c tnh hoa

marbleization marbleized marcasite march maremma margin marginal

mari mariculture marigram marine marine charts marine climate marine cycle of erosion marine fauna marine flora marine geology marine sediment mariograph mark

s hoa ha ha hoa (kv) marcasit bin gii, b ci ng ly ven bin dim, bin b, gii hn (thuc) ra, b, bin, gii hn, vnh ~ benefit li ch bin ~ cost chi ph bin ~ fault t gy ra ~ lake h ra, h sng bng ~ revenue doanh thu bin ~ sea bin ra (lc a) ~ trough trng ra (lc a) sng m nh s nui trng bin ng cong mc nc triu (thuc) bin ; (thuc) ngnh hng hi hi kh hu bin chu k xm thc bin h ng vt bin h thc vt bin ia cht bin trm tch bin triu k du, du vt, du hiu, mc o adjusting ~ du iu chnh, mc o bench ~ mc cao, mc kim tra current ~ vt dng chy floating ~ phao focussing ~ mc iu chnh, mc nh tiu high water ~ mc nc cao, ng triu cao index ~ ch s ; du, mc low water ~ mc nc thp, ng triu thp oscillation ripple ~ du vt cc dao ng sng place ~ im xc nh a hnh, vt nh hng primary bench ~ cc chun chnh reference ~ mt ngang gc, mt ngang c bn, im i chiu ripple ~ vt sng space ~, spatial ~ mc khng gian surface ~ mc mt t tidal ~ vt triu time ~ k hiu gi, mc thi gian water ~ cao mc nc, ngn nc wave ripper ~ vt sng v

marker

marking marl

marly concretion marly loam marmorate Mars marsh

marshland mass

massif massive massive structure matelliferous material

1. du, k hiu; 2. thit b ghi k hiu; 3. tng nh du horizon ~ tng nh du road ~ k hiu ng (trn bn ) ~ bed lp nh du s nh du, du vt st vi, macn clay ~ st vi limnetic ~ st vi m h shell ~ st vi v s silicic ~ st vi silic kt hch st vi st vi c tnh hoa, c hoa sao Ho m ly, bi ly fresh water ~ m ly nc ngt salt-water ~ m ly nc mn sedge ~ m ly ci, m ly lch tidal ~ m ly thy triu vng m ly khi, khi lng ~ of atmosphere khi lng kh quyn active ~ khi lng hot ng air ~ khi kh capping ~ khi ph continental air ~ khi kh lc a overthrust ~ khi ph chm, lp ph kin to, lp ph a di khi; a khi (thuc) a khi ; to ln, th cu trc dng khi cha kim loi, cha qung nguyn liu, vt liu, cht liu airborne ~ vt liu do gi bed ~ vt liu y sng clay ~ vt liu st fragmentary ~ vt liu vn incoherent ~ vt liu b ri, vt liu khng gn kt jointing ~ vt liu gn kt lava ~ vt liu dung nham organic ~ vt liu hu c shell ~ vt liu v s soil ~ vt liu t, vt liu th nhng talus ~ sn tch b vt liu lng ng do nc weak ~ vt liu b ri, vt liu mm c s ton hc ca bn

mathematical base of map

matter

mature valley maturity maximum

meadow

meadow-brown semidesert soils meadow-heath meadow-swamp soil mean

cht, vt cht active-organic ~ cht hu c hot tnh foreign ~ vt ngoi lai humified organic ~ cht hu c mn ho inanimate ~ vt cht v sinh turbid ~ vt cht c; cht l lng (trong nc) vein ~ mch thung lng trng thnh s trng thnh, s ng tui cc i, ln nht ~ of waves cc i sng (ca ng t) gravity ~ cc i trng lc seasonal ~ cc i ma secondary ~ cc i th cp, cc i th yu thermal ~ cc i nhit, tr s nhit ln nht ~ slope dc cc i temperature ~ nhit cc i ng c alpine ~ ng c ni cao bottomland ~ ng c ngp trng drained ~ ng c c tiu nc dry ~ ng c kh fertile ~ ng c mu m irrigated ~ ng c c ti nc manured ~ ng c c bn phn native ~ ng c t nhin pasture ~ ng c chn nui saline ~ ng c t mn steppe ~ ng c tho nguyn tundra shortgrass ~ ng c ngn i nguyn wet ~ ng c m t ~ sierozem t xm ng c ~ soils t ng c ~ swamp m ly ng c t nu na hoang mc ng c trung c t ng c m ly (gi tr) trung bnh ~ sea level mc nc bin trung bnh annual ~ trung bnh nm daily ~ trung bnh ngy monthly ~ trung bnh thng khc un (dng sng) casted ~ un khc ct ri cut-off ~ h mng nga, khc un b ~ belt ai khc un, di hc un

meander

meandering meandriform measure measurement measures

~ lake h mng nga s un khc (dng sng) dng un khc 1. s o; o; n v o; thc o php o, s o; chiu o; h thng o; kch thc, khun kh 1. lp (va) ng nht; tp hp cc va ng nht; 2. bin php antierosion ~ bin php chng xi mn barren ~ va khng qung cross ~ l xuyn va oil ~ va du coastline ~ s o ng b step ~ s o (khong cch) bng bc chn argental ~ hn hp bc thu ngn phong ha c hc c hc soil ~ c hc t khi ni gia, a khi gia y kh hu hc kh hu a Trung Hi bin a Trung Hi 1. mi trng; 2. cht; 3. phng tin, dng c abiotic ~ mi trng v sinh dense ~ mi trng cht st, mi trng c mt ln depositing ~ mi trng trm tch neutral ~ mi trng trung ha; cht thu ht trung ha scattering ~ mi trng phn tn selective ~ mi trng chn lc synthetic ~ mi trng tng hp cu trc ht trung bnh bn t l trung bnh my tng gia dm kt khng l chu k ln, i chu k np li ln sinh vt ni ln i a hnh v m v chn, v a chn bo t ln l bo t ln np lm ln, np vng ln phc np vng ln thc vt nhit i, thc vt a nng m cao th () xo trn

mechanical weathering mechanics median massif medical climatology mediterranean climate Mediterranean sea medium

medium grained texture medium scale map medium-level cloud megabreccia megacycle meganticline megaplankton megarelief megascopic megaseism megaspore megasporophyll megasyncline megasynclinorium megatherms melange

melt melting

meltwater Member membranous Mercator's projection Mercury mercury mercury barometer mercury ore meridian

meridian line meridian of Greenwich meridional circulation of air meridional projection meroplankton mesa mesh mesoclimate mesocrystallization mesocrystalline mesogeosyncline mesokaites Mesolithic mesopause mesophytes mesophytization mesorelief

nng chy ; tan (bng) s nng chy; s tan (bng) englacial ~ tan bng ni ti incongruent ~ s nng chy khng ng thi surface ~ s tan trn mt nc tan bng tp (phn v ca thch a tng) dng mng php chiu Mecato sao Thy thu ngn,Hg phong vuc biu thu ngn qung thy ngn kinh tuyn astronomical ~ kinh tuyn thin vn geodetic ~ kinh tuyn trc a geographical ~ kinh tuyn a l geomagnetic ~ kinh tuyn a t magnetic ~ kinh tuyn t prime ~ kinh tuyn trc, kinh tuyn ch yu principal ~, reference ~ kinh tuyn chnh, kinh tuyn gc standard ~ kinh tuyn chun terrestrial ~ kinh tuyn a l true ~ kinh tuyn thc zero ~ kinh tuyn gc ng kinh tuyn, ng phng bc nam kinh tuyn gc, kinh tuyn Greenwich hon lu kh quyn theo kinh tuyn php chiu hng vo xch o sinh vt ni theo ma ni mt bn, ni c nh bng phng mt ry; li geographic ~ li a l trung kh hu giai on kt tinh gia kt tinh ht va a mng gia than nu thi k gia nh tng gia thc vt trung sinh s ho m va trung a hnh

mesoscale eddy mesoscale vortex mesosphere mesospheric clouds mesothermal mesothermophilous mesotherms mesotrophic lake mesoxerophytes Mesozoic Mesozoic folding mesozone meta-bearing metabiosis metabolism metaconglomerate metagalaxy metagenesis metal

chuyn ng xoy quy m va xoy nc quy m va quyn gia my trung tng, my tng gia (thuc) nhit va a nhit trung bnh thc vt n i, thc vt a nhit n ha h dinh dng trung bnh thc vt a hn trung bnh nguyn i, gii Mesozoi (Trung sinh) un np Trung sinh, un np Mesozoi i gia c kim loi, cha kim loi cng k sinh c bin i t sinh (s phn b li vt cht trong trm tch); sv s trao i cht cui kt bin cht siu thin h thuyt biu sinh, s xen k th h kim loi alkali ~ kim loi kim alkali-earth ~ kim loi kim th coloured ~ kim loi mu ferrous ~ kim loi en, kim loi c cht st precious ~ kim loi qu rare ~ kim loi him rare-earth ~ kim loi t him lp nc gia, lp nhit tng vt ( m h) (thuc) kim loi cha kim loi, cha qung (thuc) kim loi, cha kim loi ; thm mui kim loi (thuc) kim sinh, (thuc) sinh khong bn sinh khong s sinh khong; sinh khong hc, kim sinh hc kim tng hc kim bin cht, tc dng bin cht; bin tnh ~ assemblage t hp bin cht ~ complex phc h bin cht ~ differentiation s phn f bin cht ~ facies tng bin cht ~ grade bin cht ~ rocks bin cht ~ schist phin bin cht

metalimnion metallic metalliferous metalline metallogenetic metallogenic maps metallogeny metallography metalloid metamorphic

metamorphism

metamorphogenetic metapyrigen metaschist metasomasis metasomatic deposits metasomatic rocks metasomatism metasomatite metasome metastasis metathetic(al) metavolcanics meteor meteoric meteorite meteorite crater meteorogram meteorograph meteorological elements meteorology

atmospheric ~ s bin tnh ca kh quyn cataclastic ~ s bin cht c nt caustic ~ s bin cht nung nng contact ~ s bin cht tip xc crystalline ~ s bin cht kt tinh hin tng bin cht, hot ng bin cht dislocation ~ bin cht bin v dynamic ~ bin cht ng lc dynamothermal ~ bin cht nhit ng injectible ~ bin cht tim nhp inverse ~ bin cht nghch kinetic ~ bin cht ng local ~ bin cht a phng low-grade ~ bin cht bc thp mechanical ~ bin cht c hc overprint ~ bin cht chng peripheral ~ bin cht ngoi ra postore ~ hu bin cht (sau to qung) progressive ~ bin cht tin trin regional ~ bin cht khu vc thermal ~ bin cht nhit s bin hnh; s chuyn bin, s tin ho, s bin thi (thuc) magma bin cht bin cht trao i, , hin tng trao i thay th n metasomatism t khong bin cht trao i (thuc) bin cht trao i bin cht trao i, n metasomasis bin cht trao i trao i thay th, metasomalit s bin cht trao i, s trao i thay th chuyn ho, chuyn v ni la bin cht thin thch, sao bng cometary ~ sao bng ngun gc sao chi (thuc) thin thch ~ dust bi thin thch thin thch phu thin thch (do thin thch oanh kch mt t) gin kh tng kh tng k sounding ~ kh tng k thm khng yu t kh tng kh tng hc, mn kh tng aernautical ~ kh tng hc hng khng air-mass ~ kh tng hc kh on

meter

methane method

applied ~ kh tng hc ng dng comparative ~ kh tng hc so snh dynamic ~ kh tng hc ng lc general ~ kh tng ph thng, kh tng i cng mathematic ~ kh tng hc ton hc medical ~ kh tng hc y t military ~ kh tng hc qun s synoptic ~ kh tng hc thi tit, mn kh tng sinop theoretical ~ kh tng hc l thuyt dng c o, my o; mt (n v o chiu di) current ~ lu tc k flow ~ my o lu lng gravity ~ trng lc k tide ~ my o thy triu, triu k vibration ~ dao ng k metan phng php ~ of approximation phng php gn ng ~ of least squares phng php bnh phng nh nht ~ of prediction phng php d bo abrasive core drilling ~ phng php khoan bng vt liu mi adjustment ~ phng php iu chnh, phng php bnh sai astronomic(al) ~ phng php thin vn barometric ~ phng php o kh p compilation ~ phng php bin v bn contour ~ phng php ng ng mc correlation ~ phng php i snh ecological survey ~ phng php iu tra sinh thi geophysical ~ phng php a vt l gravimetric ~ phng php o trng lc interference ~ phng php giao thoa intersection ~ phng php giao hi isoline ~ phng php ng ng tr lead-uranium ~ phng php urani-ch mineragraphic ~ phng php khong tng ( nghin cu qung) oxygen-isotope ~ phng php ng v oxi production ~ phng php khai o punching ~ phng php khoan p salturation ~ phng php bo ho seismotectonic ~ phng php a chn kin to statistical ~ phng php thng k stereogrammetric ~ php o lp th stratigraphic ~ phng php a tng surveying ~ phng php o v tagging ~ phng php nh du triangulation ~ phng php o tam gic (nh)

trigonometrical ~ phng php lng gic vibration ~ phng php rung, phng php dao ng method of aerial mapping phng php lp bn nh hng khng mica mica black ~ biotit, mica en mica schist phin mica micaceous cha mica micaceous sandstone ct kt c mica micaceous schist phin cha mica mickle st mm ( mi va) micrite vi tinh microassociation vi qun hp, qun hp nh microbarogram vi p microbarograph vi p k microbarometer vi p k, ci o vi kh p microberondrite microberondrit microbiota h vi sinh vt microbreccia vi dm kt microclimate vi kh hu microclimatology vi kh hu hc microconglomerate cui kt mn microcrystal vi tinh th microcrystalline vi kt tinh micro-cyclone vi xoy t microdisplacement s dch chuyn vi m microenvironment vi mi trng microfauna h vi ng vt microfibrous (kin trc) vi si microflora h vi thc vt microfossil vi ho thch microfracture vi khe nt microlamination tnh phn lp nh microlinite microclinit microlite microlit microlitic (thuc) microlit micrometeorite vi thin thch micrometeorograph vi kh tng k micrometeorology micrometer vi kh tng hc, kh tng hc vi m trc vi k, thc o v optical ~ trc vi k quang hc position ~ trc vi k nh v registering ~ trc vi k t ghi self-recording ~ trc vi k t ghi

microorganism micropaleontology microphenocryst microplankton micropopulation microrelief microscope microsection microseism microsphere microspherolite microstructure microtopography microturbulence microvariation microvarve microzone mid-channel middle latitudes middle ~s middle sand middlings mid-intertidal midland mid-latitude mid-ocean midoceanic island mid-oceanic ridges miffil migrant migrating migrating dune migration

vi sinh vt vi c sinh vt hc vi ban tinh vi sinh vt ni, sinh vt ni cc nh vi qun th vi a hnh knh hin vi tit din cc mng, lt cc mng vi ng t, vi a chn vi cu vi ht cu vi cu to vi ia hnh vi nhiu lon s thay i cc nh st phn lp rt mng vi i, vi khu dng gia v tuyn trung bnh (40-60o v bc, 42-58o v nam) ni trung bnh, ni cao trung bnh ct ht trung bnh (kch thc t 0,25-0,5mm) 1. qung th cp (do i qung); 2. sn phm trung gian; 3. mn khoan phn gia vng triu vng trung du v trung bnh gia i dng o gia i dng sng ni gia i dng than bn nhiu tro (nm di va) loi di c, loi di tr s chuyn dch n ct di chuyn s di c, s dch chuyn, s di chuyn ~ of continents s dch chuyn ca cc lc a capillary ~ s di chuyn mao dn geochemical ~ s di chuyn a ho linear ~ s di chuyn tuyn tnh nocturnal ~ s di c m pil ~ s di chuyn ca du vertical ~ s dch chuyn thng ng (cht) d di chuyn chim di c

migratory migratory birds

migratory fishes mile

c di c dm admiralty ~ dm a l British ~ dm quy ch (1609,3m) English ~ dm Anh (1609m) geographical ~ dm a l nautical ~ hi l (1853m) statude ~ dm quy ch (1609,3m) sa glacier ~ bn bng h, sa bng h rock ~ thch nh Thin h, Ngn h m fiery ~ m (c kh) d n, m d chy foul ~ m c kh c gaseous ~ , gassy ~ m c kh open-pit ~ m khai thc l thin outcrop ~ m l submarine ~ m di bin underground ~ m khai thc di t very gassy ~ m giu kh o m khai m (thuc) khong tng mn khong tng khong vt accessory ~ khong vt ph, khong vt km accompanying ~ khong vt i km anhedral ~ khong vt tha hnh associated ~ khong vt i km auxiliary ~ khong vt ph clay ~ khong vt st commercial ~ khong vt thng phm contact ~ khong vt tip xc essential ~ khong vt ch yu, khong vt chnh heavy ~ khong vt nng index ~ khong vt ch th light ~ khong vt nh mafic ~ khong vt mafic (c Mg v Fe) metallic ~ khong vt qung, qung khong vt kim loi metasomatic ~ khong vt bin cht trao i minor ~ khong vt th yu non-metallic ~ khong vt phi kim t khong trm tch, sa khong du khong cht mu khong

milk

Milky-way mine

mine diggings mine working mineragraphic mineragraphy mineral

mineral deposit mineral oil mineral pigments

mineral reserves mineral resources mineral water mineralization mineralized mineralizer mineralizing agents mineralogical scale of hardness mineralogist mineralography mineralogy mining

tr lng khong sn ti nguyn khong sn nc khong s khong ho, s to khong b khong ho cht khong ho tc nhn to khong thang cng ca khong vt nh khong vt hc khong tng hc khong vt hc s khai thc; cng nghip khai thc, ngnh m open ~, open-pit ~ s khai thc l thin underground ~ s khai thc hm l, s khai thc di t va nh tiu hnh tinh, hnh tinh nh bn kt tinh, na kt tinh a mng ven, da mng thun dim tiu m ly, bi ly trn ln khoan; mi khoan, chong khoan sng m nh sand ~ m ct scotch ~ ma bi steam ~ sng m hi cu vng sng m tinh th hn hp my hn hp hin tng ni la phun hn hp rng hn giao i rng hn giao thy triu hn hp s hn hp tidal ~ hn hp triu wind ~ hn hp gi s hn hp azeotrophic ~ hn hp ng kh gas-dust ~ hn hp kh bi methane air ~ hn hp metan, khng kh m hnh, mu ; khun cyclone ~ m hnh xoy t hydraulic ~ m hnh thu lc relief ~ m hnh a hnh

minor bed minor planet miocrystalline miogeosyncline mirabilite mire miscibility miser mist

mistbow mix-crystal mixed clouds mixed eruption mixed forest mixed forest zones mixed tide mixing

mixture

model

moderate modern modification

mogote moist moist ~ forest moist tropical forest moist tropical-forest climate moisture

spatial ~ m hnh khng gian terrain ~ m hnh a th ; bn ni a th ln topographic ~ m hnh a hnh n ho, va phi hin i s bin i, s bin tnh air-mass ~ s bin i ca khi kh gradual ~ s bin i tng bc thp karst m rng m trn ni rng nhit i m kh hu rng nhit i m hi nc, khng kh m; m capillary ~ nc mao qun critical ~ m ti hn field ~ m ng rung; m ngoi tri inherent ~ m bn trong pellicular ~ nc mng mng soil ~ m th nhng, m ca t trng surface ~ lng m trn mt kh nng gi m ca t hm lng m ca t dung nham bn s ch to m hnh; s ch to bn ni i st, g st lp nc h mn di su quan trc n sc n nghing s phn lp n nghing np un n nghing thung lng n nghing n nghing np un n nghing n nghing s c canh n ng lc n ngun gc, mt ngun n sinh; mt ngun ni n ngun ni la n ngun a mng n

moisture capacity of soil moisture content of soil moja molding monadnock monimolimnion monitoring monochrome monoclinal monoclinal bedding monoclinal fold monoclinal valley monocline monocline fold monoclinic monoculture monodynamism monogene monogenetic monogenetic ~ monogenic volcanoe monogeosyncline

monoglacial theory monolith monometallic monometric(al) monomict monomineralic monotrophic monsoon monsoon climate monsoon climate of medium latitude monsoon current monsoon forest monsoon mixed forest zones monsoon rain monsoon season month

thuyt n bng h nguyn khi n kim loi ng thc n khong, n khong vt (thuc) n khong n thc (n mt loi thc n) gi ma kh hu gi ma kh hu gi ma v trung bnh dng chy theo ma rng gi ma i rng hn giao gi ma ma ma ma gi ma thng anomalistic ~ thng d thng, thng cn im calendar ~ thng dng lch leap ~ thng nhun lunar ~ thng m lch nodical ~ thng giao hi m nh, nn nh ; nn ni la (k sinh) monmorilonit du mc ranh gii; im chn mc astronomical observation ~ i quan trc thin vn mineral ~ mc (ch gii khai thc) khong sn observation ~ i quan st survey ~ mc trc a, mc nh hng s t du mc (trn thc a) trng crescent ~ trng li lim full ~ trng trn, trng rm half ~ trng thng huyn ; trng h huyn new ~ trng non, trng ngy sc cu vng mt trng tiu nguyt 1. m ly, bi ly; 2. trung; 3. than bn grass ~ trung c high ~ m ly cao lowland ~ m ly thp; than bn min thp meadow ~ m ly ng c peat ~ m ly than bn upland ~ m ly min cao

monticle montmorillonite monument

monumentation moon

moonbow moonlet moor

moorland mor moraine

moraine lake moraine relief morainic ridge morass mordanting morphoclimatic zone morphocycle morphogenesis morphography morphological analysis morphology morphology of landscape morphology of the Earth's surface morphometric maps morphometrical method morphometry morphometry morphosculptures morphostructures morphotropic morphotropism morphotropy mosaic structure Moscovian moss

vng m ly t rng (c lp mn) bng tch border ~ bng tch b frontal ~ bng tch trc glacial ~ bng tch sng bng ground ~ bng tch y lodge ~ bng tch dng g marginal ~ bng tch ra push ~ bng tch p lc transverse ~ bng tch ngang upper ~ bng tch trn h bng tch a hnh bng tch sng bng, g bng m ly, bi ly s n mn i hnh thi kh hu chu k hnh thi ngun gc hnh thi, s to hnh hnh thi hc phn tch hnh thi hnh thi hc hnh thi hc cnh quan hnh thi b mt Tri t bn trc lng hnh thi phng php trc lng hnh thi trc lng hnh thi mn trc lng hnh thi trm tr hnh thi cu to hnh thi (thuc) bin dng tinh th hin tng bin dng tinh th s bin dng tinh th cu to khm bc, k Moscovi (Carbon trung) 1. ru 2. m ly green ~ ru lc high ~ m ly vng cao sea ~ ru bin, Polysiphonia m ly ru st m

moss bog; moss fen mota mother rock

motion

mount mountain

mountain-arc mountain-building mountain and valley winds mountainous mouth mouth bar

s chuyn ng, s vn ng ~ of earth poles s di ng ca a cc anticlockwise ~ s chuyn ng ngc chiu kim ng h apparent ~ s chuyn ng biu kin circulating ~ s vn ng tun hon counterclockwise ~ s chuyn ng ngc chiu kim ng h hourly ~ s chuyn ng (hng) gi image ~ s dch nh orbital ~ s chuyn ng theo qu o oscillating ~ s dao ng random ~ s chuyn ng ngu nhin retrograde ~ s chuyn ng ngc rising-and-falling ~ vn ng thng trm, vn ng ln xung rotary ~ , rotational ~ chuyn ng quay wave ~ s chuyn ng (dng) sng ni ni, vng ni ~ apron vt gu sn tch, vt sn tch ~ belt ai ni ~ building ~ chain dy ni ~ desert hoang mc ni ~ forest zone i rng min ni ~ land t ai min ni ~ landscape cnh quan ni ~ massif khi ni ~ peak nh ni ~ plain ng bng trn ni ~ range dy ni ~ system h thng ni ~ torrent dng chy xit min ni ~ tundra i nguyn ni ~ wind gi ni burning ~ ni la flat-topped ~ ni mt bn, ni nh bng horst ~ ni a lu island ~ ni o relic ~ ni st volcanic ~ ni la cung ni s to ni gi ni v thung lng c ni 1. ming; 2. ca sng; 3. li ra ca m doi chn ca sng

movement

moya muck

mud

muddy mudflow mudrock mudsill mudstream mulch mull multilayer muscovite muscovitization mushroom ice mushroom rocks muskeg

s chuyn ng, s vn ng ~ of glaciers chuyn ng ca bng ~ of the pole chuyn ng ca cc ~ of water s chuyn ng ca nc ~s of the Earth's crust chuyn ng ca v Tri t microseism ~ chuyn ng vi chn orogenic ~ s vn ng to ni relative ~ s chuyn ng tng i rotational ~ s chuyn ng quay dung nham bn, moya tp cht; than bn bn phn hu; t m ly; phn bog ~ than bn fine ~ tp cht nh, tp cht mn swamp ~ than bn m ly bn ~ balls cu bn, cui bn ~ cracks vt nt bn ~ flat bi bn ~ flow dng bn ~ lake h bn ~ stream dng bn blue ~ bn xanh deep-sea ~ bn bin su green ~ bn lc lime ~ bn vi terrigene ~ bn lc nguyn volcanic ~ bn ni la c bn dng bn bn mch bn dng bn thm mc; lp ph t rng nhiu lp muscovit s muscovit ho bng hnh nm hnh nm m ly