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Bath application of kainate (100–300 nM) induced a persistent gamma-frequency (30–80 Hz) oscillation that could be recorded in stratum radiatum of the CA3 region in vitro. We have previously described that in knockout mice lacking the gap junction protein connexin 36 (Cx36KO), γ-frequency oscillations are reduced but still present. We now demonstrate that in the Cx36KO mice, but not in wild-type (WT), large population field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, or sharp wave-burst discharges, also occurred during the on-going γ-frequency oscillation. These spontaneous burst discharges were not seen in WT mice. Burst discharges in the Cx36KO mice occurred with a mean frequency of 0.23 ± 0.11 Hz and were accompanied by a series of fast (approximately 60–115 Hz) population spikes or “ripple” oscillations in many recordings. Intracellular recordings from CA3 pyramidal cells showed that the burst discharges consisted of a depolarizing response and presumed coupling potentials (spikelets) c...

Hovedbudskap Den samtykkekompetente pasienten har rett til å takke nei til helsehjelp etter at han/hun har fått nødvendig informasjon om tilstanden og innholdet av helsehjelpen. Slik er det ikke for pasienter over 18 år som mangler samtykkekompetanse, da pasient- og brukerrettighetsloven §4-6 kommer til anvendelse . Av denne fremgår det at den som yter helsehjelp kan ta beslutninger om helsehjelp, forutsatt at en slik hjelp anses å være i pasientens interesse og at det er sannsynlig at pasienten ville gitt tillatelse til slik helsehjelp. Det er et krav at beslutningen skal treffes etter samråd med annet kvalifisert helsepersonell, og der det er mulig etter å ha innhentet informasjon fra pårørende om hva pasienten ville ha ønsket. I denne artikkelen vil vi drøfte denne problematikken på bakgrunn av en konkret pasientkasuistikk.

BACKGROUNDRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) biopsy of the pancreas provides immediate feedback regarding cellular adequacy to aid in obtaining a definitive diagnosis and has the potential to avoid repeat procedures. The objective of the current study was to measure the impact of ROSE service on the incidence of repeat EUS FNA biopsy procedures.METHODSOver a consecutive 3‐year period, the pathology database at Washington University Medical Center was searched for patients with both an initial and subsequent EUS FNA biopsy demonstrating a solid lesion of the pancreas. These were divided temporally between the time before and after the introduction of ROSE service. Reports were reviewed and results were recorded.RESULTSA total of 379 patients underwent ROSE service and 377 patients did not. The percentage of repeat non‐ROSE EUS FNA cases was 5.8% and the percentage of repeat ROSE EUS FNA cases was 2.9%. The use of the ROSE...

A leitura proporciona o encontro ou a comunicacao entre o leitor e o autor por meio dos signos linguisticos que formam a tessitura do texto. O objetivo da leitura nao e a memorizacao, mas, sim, a reflexao e compreensao critica, unica maneira de o leitor construir seu proprio texto e ampliar seu horizonte. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem como norteamento central identificar e comparar as concepcoes de leitura que circulam nos curriculos oficiais dos estados do Espirito Santo, Goias, Rio Grande do Sul e Sao Paulo, levando em consideracao que a leitura e essencial no desenvolvimento da cidadania do estudante e que a disciplina de Lingua Portuguesa, do 6o ao 9o ano, tem um compromisso com o desenvolvimento da compreensao dos mais variados textos, segundo os referenciais nacionais dos curriculos - LDB e PCN, uma vez que a cultura e o sujeito se constituem na e pela linguagem.