- With Robert Laurent and William Zorach, direct carving enters into the story of modem sculpture in the United States. - Direct carving – in which the sculptors themselves carve stone or wood with mallet and chisel – must be recognized as something more than just a technique. - With the turn-of-the-century Crafts movement and the discovery of nontraditional sources of inspiration, such as wooden African figures and masks, there arose a new urge for hands-on, personal execution of art and an interaction with the medium. - By the second decade of the twentieth century, Americans – Laurent and Zorach most notably - had adopted it as their primary means of working.. - Born in France, Robert Laurent (1890-197Q) was a prodigy who received his education in the United States. - In 1905 he was sent to Paris as an apprentice to an art dealer, and in the years that followed he witnessed the birth of Cubism, discovered primitive art, and learned the techniques of woodcarving from a frame maker.. - It is one of the earliest examples of direct carving in American sculpture. - The word "medium". - in line 5 could be used to refer to. - What is one of the fundamental principles of direct carving?. - The word "dictates". - in line 8 is closest in meaning to. - (A) Sculptors are personally involved in the carving of a piece.. - The word "witnessed". - in line 23 is closest in meaning to. - in line 30 is closest in meaning to. - The piece titled The Priestess has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:. - Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity – horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks – but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do. - The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as "information centers.". - When they return in the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. - The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch small birds perching at the margins of the roost.. - The word "conserve". - in line 3 is closest in meaning to. - Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by. - The word "magnified". - in line 6 is closest in meaning to. - The author mentions kinglets in line 9 as an example of birds that. - The word "forage". - in line 12 is closest in meaning to. - Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is true?. - (B) The lesser kestrel feeds. - the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.. - The word "counteracted". - in line 24 is closest in meaning to. - Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that huddle together while sleeping?. - (A) Some members of the flock warn others of impending dangers.. - (C) Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food.. - (D) Several members of the flock care for the young.. - Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage?. - (D) Some birds in the group will attack the others.. - The word "they". - in line 25 refers to. - Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. - And in the 1850's an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. - Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.. - Thus, by the 1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. - An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870's, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. - The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.. - (D) Population movements in the nineteenth century. - in line 2 refers to. - The word "prevent". - in line 4 is closest in meaning to. - (A) unavailable in rural areas (B) shipped in refrigerator cars (C) available in limited quantities (D) a staple part of the American. - The word "them". - in line 14 refers to. - The word "fixture". - in line 20 is closest in meaning to. - The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice. - (D) occurred only in the summer. - The word "nevertheless". - Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?. - Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?. - (C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.. - In the speed of its execution, the righting of a tumbling cat resembles a magician's trick. - The gyrations of the cat in midair are too fast for the human eye to follow, so the process is obscured. - But in the nineteenth century the capture on film of a falling cat constituted a scientific experiment.. - The experiment was described in a paper presented to the Paris Academy in 1894.Two sequences of twenty photographs each, one from the side and one from behind, show a white cat in the act of righting itself. - Careful analysis of the photos reveals the secret: As the cat rotates the front of its body clockwise, the rear and tail twist counterclockwise, so that the total spin remains zero, in perfect accord with Newton's laws. - The word "process". - in line 10 refers to. - Why are the photographs mentioned in line 16 referred to as an. - (B) The purpose of the photographs was to explain the process.. - Which of the following can be inferred about high-speed photography in the late 1800's?. - The word "rotates". - in line 19 is closest in meaning to. - The word "readily". - The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. - Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of urban to take account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. - unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more. - Such an area would include the county in which the central city was located, and adjacent counties that were found to be metropolitan in character and economically and socially integrated with the county of the central city. - By 1970, about two-thirds of the population of the United States was living in these urbanized areas, and of that figure more than half were living outside the central cities.. - While the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA (by 1969 there were 233 of them), social scientists were also using new terms to describe the elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out from what used to be simple. - and "cities.". - (A) How cities in the United States began and developed. - (D) How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census. - According to the passage, the population of the United States was first classified as rural or urban in. - The word "distinguished". - The word "those". - in line 9 refers to. - The word "constituting". - in line 16 is closest in meaning to. - The word "which". - in line 18 refers to a smaller. - Which of the following is NOT true of an SMSA?. - By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in an SMSA?. - Where in the passage does the author mention names used by social scientists for an urban area?
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