The Israeli Culture in the Face of the Mizrahi Phenomenon: A Multiethnic Israel or Tribal Apartheid Religious extremism and ethnic tensions subject Israeli citizens to considerable challenges. The evident division of the Israeli population into marginalized groups based on their ethnic or religious background creates an alarming reality. Currently in Israel, diverse communities live separately: Arabs keep a distance from Jews, the ultra-Orthodox withdraw from the general society, and settlers establish their own state within the state, drawing a troubling parallel to apartheid. The Haredim (ultra-religious), Arabs, and settlers stand apart from the rest of the Israelis by living in isolation, avoiding shared meals, attending the same schools, and intercommunity marriages. Thus, Israel stands out as one of the few countries in the world where the official identity of citizens is conditioned by their ethnic origin. However, this is not the only issue. In recent years, a social phenomenon has emerged in Israel challenging established identities and forging new ones. I refer to a group that I would describe as "professionals of Orientalism," mainly intellectuals whose parents hail from Muslim countries. This group divides the Israeli population into two categories based on their communal origin: one dominant and oppressive, schematically representing the Ashkenazim, and the other controlled and oppressed, consisting of the Mizrahim. These individuals organize within various structures, some enjoying state financial support, with the most well-known today being "The Mizrahi Democratic Arc" and "Ars Poetica" (ars in the sense of delinquent). This embodies a contemporary form of Orientalism, largely based on a diagnosis determined by the origin of parents. It is crucial to distinguish this activist intelligentsia, whose influence remains limited, from the mass of the population originating from Muslim countries, which often has little real connection to this ideology and disapproves of it.

The first records of the sphecid wasp Sceliphron curvatum (Smith, 1870) from Belgium and from Luxembourg are presented.

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Experimental and computational quantum chemistry investigations of the gas-phase ion-molecule reactions between the distonic ions (+)H3N(CH2)nS(•) (n = 2-4) and the reagents dimethyl disulfide, allyl bromide, and allyl iodide demonstrate that intramolecular hydrogen bonding can modulate the reactivity of thiyl radicals. Thus, the 3-ammonium-1-propanethiyl radical (n = 3) exhibits the lowest reactivity of these distonic ions toward all substrates. Theoretical calculations on this distonic ion highlight that its most stable conformation involves a six-membered ring configuration, and that it has the strongest intramolecular hydrogen bond. In addition, the calculations indicate that the barrier heights for radical abstraction by this hydrogen-bond-stabilized 3-ammonium-1-propanethiyl radical are the highest among the systems examined, consistent with the experimental observations.