Tài liệu ôn Thi THPTQG dành cho Hs Trung bình-Yếu

TRNG TRUNG HC PH THNG HNG NG 1
T HA HC
-------
CNG N THI TRUNG HC PH THNG QUC GIA

NM HC: 2016 - 2017
MN HA HC
Cafein
THNG 4-2017
Trng THPT Hng Ng 1 - T Ha hc
cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 2

MC LC
----
CHNG 1: ESTE - LIPIT................................................................................................................5

A. KIN THC CN NM........................................................................................................5
ESTE......................................................................................................................................5
LIPIT.....................................................................................................................................8
B. BI TP L THUYT (BIT - HIU)................................................................................10
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)...........................................................................................13
CHNG 2: CACBOHIDRAT.........................................................................................................15
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................15
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)...........................................................................................21
CHNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXT - PEPTIT.................................................................................24
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................24
AMIN...................................................................................................................................24
AMINO AXIT.....................................................................................................................26
PEPTIT................................................................................................................................28
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)...........................................................................................33
CHNG 4: POLIME.......................................................................................................................35
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................35
I CNG V POLIME.................................................................................................35
VT LIU POLIME...........................................................................................................36
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)...........................................................................................42
TM TT TNH CHT HA HC CC NHM CHC HU C........................................43
NHN BIT CC CHT HU C...........................................................................................45
CHNG 5: I CNG KIM LOI............................................................................................47
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................47
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG - VN DNG CAO).........................................................54
CHNG 6: KIM LOI KIM - KIM TH - NHM..................................................................57
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................57
KIM LOI KIM................................................................................................................57

KIM LOI KIM TH........................................................................................................59

NC CNG V CCH LM MM NC CNG.....................................................61
NHM.................................................................................................................................62
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)...........................................................................................72
CHNG 7: ST - CRM - NG................................................................................................78
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................78
ST.......................................................................................................................................78
CROM...................................................................................................................................81
NG...................................................................................................................................84
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG - VN DNG CAO).........................................................90
CHNG 8: NHN BIT MT S CHT V C.......................................................................93
A. KIN THC CN NM......................................................................................................93
NHN BIT CC ION V C..........................................................................................93
NHN BIT CC CHT KH...........................................................................................94
B. BI TP VN DNG..........................................................................................................95
MT S THI TH MINH HA...........................................................................................97
thi th s 1............................................................................................................................97
thi th s 2..........................................................................................................................102
thi th s 3..........................................................................................................................107
thi th s 4...........................................................................................................................112
thi th s 5...........................................................................................................................117

CHNG 1: ESTE - LIPIT

------
A. KIN THC CN NM
ESTE
I. KHI NIM, DANH PHP, NG PHN.

1. Khi nim:
- Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este.
- Mt s loi este thng gp:

* Este no, n chc c to bi axit no, n v ancol no n.
- CTCT: R-COO-R hay CnH2n+1-COO-CmH2m+1 (n 0, m 1)
- CTPT: CnH2nO2 (n 2)
Th d: H-COO-CH3 : metyl fomat CH3-COO-C2H5 : etyl axetat
* Este thm, n chc (phn t c vng benzen)
- CTCT: R-COO-R - Gc R hoc R c vng benzen
- CTPT: CnH2n-8O2 (n 7, k = 5)
Th d: (HCOOC6H5) ; (CH3COOC6H4CH3)
2. Danh php:
Tn gc hirocacbon R+ tn gc axit (ui ic i thnh at)
Th d:
CTPT CTCT Tn Gi
C2H4O2 H-COO-CH3 Metyl fomat
C3H6O2 H-COO-C2H5 Etyl fomat
CH3-COO-CH3 Metyl axetat
C3H4O2 H-COO-CH=CH2 Vinyl fomat
H-COO-CH2CH2CH3 Propyl fomat
H-COO-CH(CH3)2 Isopropyl fomat
C4H8O2
CH3-COO-C2H5 Etyl axetat
C2H5-COO-CH3 Metyl propionat
C4H6O2 H-COO-CH=CH-CH3 Propenyl fomat
H-COO-C(CH3)=CH2 Isopropenyl fomat

H-COO-CH2-CH=CH2 Anlyl fomat

CH3-COO-CH=CH2 Vinyl axetat
CH2=CH-COOCH3 Metyl acrylat
C7H6O2 H-COO-C6H5 Phenyl fomat
C8H8O2 H-COO-CH2-C6H5 Benzyl fomat
4. ng phn:
- C3H6O2 c 2 ng phn este:
HCOOCH2CH3 ; CH3COOCH3
- C4H8O2 c 4 ng phn este:
HCOOCH2CH2CH3 ; HCOOCH(CH3)2 ; CH3COOCH2CH3 ; CH3CH2COOCH3
II. IU CH
- a s Este c iu ch bng p. este ho gia axit cacboxylic v ancol:
0
H 2 SO
4 t,

RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O

III. TNH CHT VT L
- Cc este hu nh khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc v do este khng to c lin kt hidro
nn nhit si ca este thp hn axit v ancol c cng s cacbon :
andehit < Xeton < este < ancol < axit
Th d: Tsi CH3COOCH3 < C3H7OH < C2H5COOH
- Cc este thng c mi c trng ring, c th :
Tn este CTCT Mi
Isoamyl axetat CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 Chui
Metyl fomat: H-COO-CH3 To
Etyl fomat H-COO-C2H5 o chn
Etyl butirat C3H7-COO-C2H5 Da
Geranyl axetat CH3-COO-C10H17 Hoa hng
Benzyl axetat CH3-COO-CH2-C6H5 hoa nhi
IV. TNH CHT HA HC

1. Thu phn trong mi trng axit
H 2 SO4 l

CH3COOCH2-CH3 + H-OH CH3COOH + HO-CH2-CH3
to
- Tng qut:
H 2 SO4 l
R-COO-R + H-OH
RCOOH + ROH
to
- c im: phn ng thun nghch , xy ra khng hon ton (H < 100%)

2. Thu phn trong mi trng baz (Phn ng x phng ho)

o
CH3COOCH2-CH3 + NaOH
t
CH3COONa + HO-CH2-CH3
- Tng qut: R-COO-R + NaOH R-COONa + R-OH (P. ch xy ra 1 chiu)
0

t
LU PHN NG X PHNG HO CA MT S ESTE C BIT

Este RCOO-CH=CH-R: x phng ha to mui v andehit
0
RCOO-CH=CHR + NaOH
t
RCOONa + RCH2CHO
Th d: C2H5COO-CH=CH-CH3 + NaOH C2H5COONa + [CH3CH2=CH-OH]
0

t
(Ancol CH3CH2=CH-OH khng bn chuyn thnh andehit: CH3CH2CHO)

=> C2H5COO-CH=CHCH3 + NaOH C2H5COONa + CH3 CH2CHO
0

t
Este RCOO-CR=CH-R: x phng ha to mui v xeton

0
RCOO-CR=CHR + NaOH
t
RCOONa + RCH2COR
Th d: C2H5COO-C(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH C2H5COONa + CH2=C(CH3)-OH
0

t
(Ancol CH2=C(CH3)-OH khng bn s chuyn thnh axeton: (CH3)2C=O)

=> C2H5COO-C(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH C2H5COONa + (CH3)2C=O
0

t
Este ca phenol RCOO-C6H4R: X phng ha to 2 mui (RCOONa v RC6H4ONa)

0
RCOO-C6H4R + 2NaOH
t
RCOONa + RC6H4ONa + H2O
Th d: C2H5COO-C6H5 + NaOH C2H5COONa + C6H5OH
0

t
C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O

=> C2H5COO-C6H5 + 2NaOH C2H5COONa + C6H5ONa + H2O
0

t
- Nhn xt: este n chc phn ng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:2 => este ca phenol:
RCOOC6H4R
Este HCOO-R (etse fomat) , RCOO-CH=CHR c kh nng phn ng trng bc
o
HCOO-R
AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t
(NH4)2CO3 + ROH + 2Ag
o
RCOO-CH=CHR
AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t
RCOONH4 + RCH2COONH4 + 2Ag
o
H-COO-CH=CHR
AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t
(NH4)2CO3 + RCH2COONH4 + 4Ag
3. Phn ng gc hidrocacbon (p cng, trng hp)
CH2=CH-COOCH3 + Br2
CH2Br-CHBr-COOCH3
(lm mt mu da cam ca nc Br2)
0
CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH3
p,xt,t

Poli(metyl metacrilat) - thy tinh hu c (plexiglas)

4. Phn ng t chy Este no, n chc, mch h (k = 1):
3n - 2
CnH2nO2 + O2 nCO2 + nH2O
2
Da vo h s PTHH , ta thy khi t chy este no n mch h:
n CO = n H O
2 2
Bo ton mol O:
2. n Cn H 2 nO2 + 2. n O2 = 2. n CO2 + 1. n H 2O
LIPIT
I. KHI NIM
- Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng, khng ho tan trong nc nhng tan
nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c khng cc.
- Cu to: Phn ln lipit l cc este phc tp, bao gm cht bo (triglixerit), sp, steroit v
photpholipit,
II. CHT BO
1. Khi nim
- Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo, gi chung l triglixerit hay l triaxylglixerol.
- Cc axit bo hay gp: Axit bo no Axit bo khng no
C17H35COOH: axit stearic C17H33COOH: axit oleic (1lk C=C)
C15H31COOH: axit panmitic C17H31COOH: axit linoleic (2lk C=C )
* CTCT chung ca cht bo:
R1COO CH2
R2COO CH
R3COO CH2 Hay (RCOO)3C3H5
R1, R2, R3 l gc hirocacbon ca axit bo, c th ging hoc khc nhau.
Th d:
(C17H35COO)3C3H5: tristearin (C17H33COO)3C3H5: triolein
(C17H31COO)3C3H5: trilinolein (C15H31COO)3C3H5: tripanmitin
* ng phn: Cht bo ti a c to bi 2 axit bo khc nhau => c 6 p, trong c 4
ng phn cha ng thi 2 axit bo khc nhau.
2. Tnh cht vt l
- Cc cht bo u khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc
- Nu R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon no => cht bo rn. (Vd: tristearin, tripanmitin)
- Nu R1, R2, R3: Ch yu l gc hirocacbon khng no => cht bo lng. (Vd: triolein,
trilinolein)
3. Tnh cht ho hc
a. Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng H+
o

t
(RCOO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3RCOOH + C3H5(OH)3
+
H

o

t
(C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3C17H35COOH + C3H5(OH)3
+
H
tristearin axit stearic glixerol

b. Phn ng x phng ho
to

(RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

H+
X phng
(C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3C17H35COONa + C3H5(OH)3
tristearin natri stearat glixerol
* Nhn xt:
Khi thy phn cht bo ta lun thu c glixerol : nglixerol = ncht bo
nNaOH = 3nglixerol
Bo ton khi lng: mx phng = mcht bo + mNaOH - mglixerol
c. Phn ng cng hiro ca cht bo lng (Chuyn cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn)
o
(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2
Ni,t
(C17H35COO)3C3H5
triolein tristearin
- Du hoc m lu ngy trong khng kh hoc chin li nhiu ln s d i thiu l do ni i
C=C trong gc axit bo khng no tc dng t t vi oxi trong khng kh to thnh andehit c hi
cho sc khe
d. Phn ng t chy cht bo no (k = 3)
3n - 8
CnH2n - 4O6 + O2 nCO2 + (n - 2)H2O
2
Da vo h s PTHH, ta thy:
n CO > n H O v n CO - n H O = 2. n C H
2 2 2 2 n 2 n - 4 O6
Bo ton mol O:
6. n Cn H2 n - 4O6 + 2. n O2 = 2. n CO2 + 1. n H 2O
* Ch : Nu cht bo c k lin kt => n CO2 - n H 2O = (k 1). n Cn H2 n + 2 -2 kOa

B. BI TP L THUYT (BIT - HIU)
Cu 1. Cng thc no sau y c th dng cho este no n chc mch h

A. CnH2nO2. (n1) B. CnH2n+2O2. (n2)
C. CnH2n-2O2. (n2) D. CnH2nO2 (n2)
Cu 2. Cng thc tng qut ca este mch (h) c to thnh t axit no , n chc v ancol no,
n chc l
A. CnH2n1COOCmH2m+1 . B. CnH2n1COOCmH2m1 .
C. CnH2n+1COOCmH2m1 . D. CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1
Cu 3. Cng thc phn t tng qut ca este to bi ancol no, n chc, mch h v axit
cacboxylic khng no, c mt lin kt i C=C, n chc, mch h l
A. CnH2n-2O2 B. CnH2n+1O2 C. CnH2nO2 D. CnH2n+2O2
Cu 4. Este etyl fomat c cng thc l
A. CH3COOCH3. B. HCOOC2H5. C. HCOOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH3.
Cu 5. Este c CTPT C2H4O2 c tn gi no sau y :
A.etyl axetat B. metyl propionat C. metyl fomat D. etyl fomat
Cu 6. Este metyl acrilat c cng thc l
A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.
Cu 7. Este vinyl axetat c cng thc l
A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.
Cu 8. Este no di y c mi hoa nhi?
A. Isoamyl axetat B. Benzyl axetat C. Metyl butirat D. Geranyl axetat
Cu 9. Este no di y c mi hoa hng?
A. Isoamyl axetat B. Benzyl axetat C. Metyl butirat D. Geranyl axetat
Cu 10. Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH (1); CH3COOH (2); HCOOC2H5 (3). Th t nhit si gim
dn l
A. (3);(1);(2). B. (2);(1);(3). C. (1);(2);(3). D. (2);(3);(1).
Cu 11. Cho cc cht: HCOOCH3 (1), HCOOH (2), C2H5OH (3), CH3CHO (4), CH3COOH (5).
Dy sp xp cc cht theo chiu tng dn ca nhit si l
A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (5). B. (4) < (1) < (3) < (5) < (2).
C. (5) < (4) < (3) < (2) < (1). D. (4) < (1) < (3) <(2) < (5).
Cu 12. S hp cht n chc c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2, u tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH l
A. 5. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 13. Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C 5H10O2, phn
ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 8. D. 9.

Cu 14. (B2012) Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C4H6 O2, sn phm thu
c c kh nng trng bc. S este X tha mn tnh cht trn l
A. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 15. C bao nhiu ng phn l hp cht thm, n chc c cng thc phn t C7H6O2 tc dng
vi dd NaOH?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2.
vi dd NaOH nhng khng tc dng vi kim loi Na?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 7.
Cu 17. Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng
phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng
Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3.
C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.
Cu 18. Thu phn hon ton este X c CTPT C4H8O2 bng dung dch NaOH (va ). Thu c
ancol propylic. Tn gi ca X l
A. etyl fomat. B. isopropyl fomat. C. metyl propionat. D. propyl fomat.
Cu 19. (DHA2013) Cht no sau y khi un nng vi dung dch NaOH thu c sn phm c
anehit?
A. CH3-COO-C(CH3)=CH2. B. CH3-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3. D. CH3-COO-CH2-CH=CH2.
Cu 20. Cht hu c X khi un nng vi NaOH th thu c ancol etylic v mui natri propionat.
Vy CTPT ca este X l:
A.C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C5H10O2
Cu 21. Mt este X, trong phn t c s cacbon nhiu hn oxi mt nguyn t. X c phn ng trng
gng vi dd AgNO3 trong NH3. Cng thc cu to ca X l cng thc no?
A. HCOOC2H5 B. CH3COOCH3 C. HCOOC3H7 D. C2H5COOCH3
vi dd NaOH to hai mui?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 7.
Cu 23. un nng hn hp gm glixerol, axit axetic, axit fomic, vi xc tc H2SO4 c th thu
c ti a bao nhiu trieste.
A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 24. Khi nim v cht bo
A. Cht bo l tri este ca glixerol vi axit bo.
B. Cht bo l este ca axit no n chc v ru.
C. Cht bo l este ca glixerol vi ru n chc.
D. Cht bo l este ca ancol etylic vi axit bo.
Cu 25. Trong cc hp cht sau, hp cht no thuc loi cht bo?
A. (C17H31COO)3C3H5. B. (C16H33COO)3C3H5.
C. (C6H5COO)3C3H5. D. (C2H5COO)3C3H5.
Cu 26. Trong dy cc cht sau, dy no l cng thc ca cht bo lng
A. (C17H33COO)3C3H5; (C15H31COO)3C3H5.
B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 ; (C15H31COO)3C3H5.
C. (C17H33COO)3C3H5 ; (C15H29COO)3C3H5.
D. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 ; (C15H29COO)3C3H5.
Cu 27. Nhng hp cht trong dy sau thuc loi este:
A. etxng, du nhn bi trn my, du n. B. du lc, du da, du c.
C. du m, hc n, du da. D. m ng vt, du thc vt, mazut.
Cu 28. Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v
C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 29. Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp gm C17H35COOH, C17H33COOH, v C15H31COOH; s
loi cht bo (cha ng thi 3 gc axit bo khc nhau) ti a c th to thnh l:
A.3 B. 6 C.9 D. 12
Cu 30. S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol, axit CH3COOH v
axit C2H5COOH l
A. 2. B. 6. C. 4. D. 9.
Cu 31. (DH12B) S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol, CH3COOH,
HCOOH v C2H5COOH l
A. 2. B. 6. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 32. Thy phn mt triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui gm natri
oleat, natri stearat (c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2) v glixerol. C bao nhiu triglixerit X tha mn
tnh cht trn?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 33. Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng). B. Dung dch NaOH (un nng).
C. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng). D. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng).
Cu 34. (DH13B) Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo.
B. Cc cht bo thng khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc.
C. Triolein c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro khi un nng c xc tc Ni.
D. Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng trong dung dch kim.
Cu 35. (DH11B) Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl fomat,
tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l
A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 2.

Cu 36. Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C 17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi

trieste c to ra ti a l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 37. Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo v
A. phenol. B. glixerol.
C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc.
Cu 38. khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l
A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol.
C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol.
Cu 39. Khi thy phn bt k cht bo no cng thu c
A. glixerol. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic.
Cu 40. bin cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn ta thc hin:
A. Lm lnh B. X phng ha
C. C cn D. Hidro ha, (xc tc Ni. t0)
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)

DNG 1: TON THY PHN ESTE - CHT BO
Cu 41. X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l
A. 24,2 gam. B. 16,2 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 10,2 gam.
Cu 42. Thu phn hon ton 8,8 gam mt este n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch KOH
1M (va ) thu c 4,6 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l:
A. etyl fomat B. etyl propionat C. etyl axetat D. propyl fomat
Cu 43. Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH
1,3M (va ) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l
A. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat
Cu 44. Cho 0,1 mol tristearin ((C17H35COO)3C3H5) tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d,
un nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l
A. 27,6. B. 4,6. C. 14,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 45. Tnh khi lng triolein cn iu ch 5,88kg glixerol (hiu sut phn ng l 85%)
A. 66,47kg. B. 56,5kg. C. 48,025kg. D. 22,26kg.
Cu 46. X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung
dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l
DNG 2: TON ESTE HA

Cu 47. (THPTQG 2015) un 3,0 gam CH 3COOH vi C2H5OH d (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c
2,2 gam CH3COOC2H5. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha tnh theo axit l
A. 25,00%. B. 50,00%. C. 36,67%. D. 20,75%.

Cu 48. Thc hin phn ng este ha mt hn hp gm 0,05 mol CH 3COOH v 0,08 mol CH3OH
(xt H2SO4 c), sau khi phn ng kt thc th thu c m gam este. Tm gi tr m (bit hiu sut ca
phn ng este ha l 60%)
A. 6,336 g B. 3,522 g C. 3,7 g D. 2,22 g
DNG 3: TON T CHY

Cu 49. t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit cacboxylic n chc v mt
ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng phn ca X l
A. 5. B. 4. C. 6. D. 2.
Cu 50. t chy hon ton 6 gam mt este X c CTPT C nH2nO2 thu c 4,48 lt kh CO 2 (
ktc). Cng thc cu to ca este X l
A. CH3COOH. B. HCOOH. C. HCOOCH3. D. CH3COOCH3.
Cu 51. t chy hon ton 2,2 gam este X thu c 2,24 lit CO2 (ktc) v 1,8
gam H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C5H10O2

CHNG 2: CACBOHIDRAT
A. KIN THC CN NM
I. KHI NIM PHN LOI
1. Khi nim: l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc, thng c CTC l Cn(H2O)m
2. Phn loi: C 3 loi cacbohidrat:
Monosaccarit : glucoz C6H12O6 ; fructoz C6H12O6
isaccarit: saccaroz C12H22O11 ; mantoz C12H22O11
Polisaccarit: tinh bt (C6H10O5)n ; xenluloz (C6H10O5)n (tinh bt v xenluloz khng l ng
phn ca nhau).
II. TNH CHT VT L
- Cc monosaccarit v isaccarit l cht rn, khng mu, d tan trong nc, c v ngt.
- Tinh bt l cht rn v nh hnh, mu trng, khng tan trong nc ngui.
- Xenluloz l cht rn hnh si, mu trng, khng tan trong nc.
III. CU TRC PHN T
- Glucoz dng mch h c 1 chc andehit (-CH=O) v 5 chc ancol (-OH) nn s c TCHH
nh andehit v poliancol. Trong thc t Glucoz tn ti ch yu hai dng mch vng: -glucoz
v -glucoz: -glucoz

glucoz mch h

-glucoz
- Fructoz dng mch h c 1 chc xeton (-CO-) v 5 chc ancol (-OH) nn s c TCHH
nh xeton v poliancol. Trong thc t Fructoz tn ti ch yu hai dng mch vng: -fructoz
v -fructoz. Trong mi trng kim (OH-) fructoz chuyn ho thnh glucoz
OH-
CH2OH[CHOH]3-CO-CH2OH CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO
Fructozo Glucozo
- Saccaroz c cu to t 1 gc -glucoz v 1 gc fructoz lin kt nhau qua nguyn
t oxi. Trong phn t saccaroz khng c nhm andehit (-CH=O), ch c cc nhm chc ancol (-
OH).
- Tinh bt l hn hp ca hai polisaccarit: amiloz v amilopectin. C hai u c to t cc
gc -glucoz.
Amiloz: chim khong 20-30% khi lng. C cu to mch khng phn nhnh c hnh l
xo. Cc mt xch -glucoz lin kt vi nhau bi lin kt -1,4-glicozit.
Amilopectin: chim khong 70-80% khi lng. C cu to mch phn nhnh, cc -
glucoz lin kt vi nhau bi lin kt -1,4-glicozit v -1,4-glicozit.
- Xenluloz l polisaccarit khng phn nhnh, c to t cc mt xch glucoz lin kt
vi nhau bi lin kt -1,4-glicozit.

IV. TNH CHT HA HC

monosaccarit isaccarit polisaccarit
Glucoz Fructoz Saccaroz Mantoz Tinh bt Xenluloz
C6H12O6 (M=180) C12H22O11 (M=342) (C6H10O5)n (M=162n)
c im cu 5 nhm OH 5 nhm OH -glucoz - 2- - glucoz
to 1 nhm CHO 1 nhm fructoz glucoz glucoz [C6H7O2(OH)3]n
C=O
AgNO3/NH3 2Ag 2Ag - 2Ag - -
Cu(OH)2/OH- Cu2O ( Cu2O ( Cu2O
- - -
,to gch) gch) ( gch)
Cu(OH)2,
Dd Xanh Dd Xanh Dd Xanh
nhit Dd Xanh lam - -
lam lam lam
thng
HNO3
+ + + + + [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n
/H2SO4
Dd Br2 Axit gluconic - - + - -

H2O/ H+, to - - + + + +
dd I2 - - - - Xanh tm -
MT S PHNG TRNH HA HC CN NH:
1) Phn ng th hin tnh oxi ha ca glucoz, fructoz:
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + H2 CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
o

t
(Cht OXH) (Cht kh) Sobitol (M=182)

CH2OH(CHOH)3COCH2OH + H2 CH2OH(CHOH)4CH2OH
o

t
(Cht OXH) (Cht kh) Sobitol (M=182)

2) Phn ng th hin tnh kh ca glucoz:
* Phn ng trng gng:
AgNO3 / NH 3
CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO to
CH2OH[CHOH]4COONH4 + 2Ag + NH4NO3.
(glucoz) amoni gluconat
o
- Mantoz (C12H22O11 )
AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t
2Ag
* Lu :
fructoz vn c phn ng trng gng:
o
C6H12O6
AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t
2Ag
Saccaroz khng tc dng AgNO3/NH3, nhng nu thu phn saccaroz th dung dch sau
thu phn (glucoz, fructoz) c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
glucozo t o
Saccaroz + H-OH
H ,t

+ o

4Ag
fructozo
* Phn ng vi nc brom ; Cu(OH)2/ NaOH :
CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO + Br2 + H2O
CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH + HBr
Dd da cam axit gluconic

* Lu : Fructoz + Br2 + H2O khng phn ng
o

t
3) Tnh cht ancol a chc (to phc Cu(OH)2 vi thnh dung dch xanh lam)
2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + 2H2O
Dd xanh lam
C12H22O11 + Cu(OH)2 (C12H21O6)2Cu + 2H2O
Dd xanh lam
CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + (CH3CO)2O Este cha 5 gc CH3COO
pridin
( p/ chng t glucoz c 5 nhm OH)

4) Phn ng thy phn ca isaccarit v polisaccarit
+ o
C12H22O11 + H2O
xt H ,t
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Saccaroz fructoz glucoz
+ o
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O
xt H ,t
n C6H12O6
Tinh bt hoc xeluloz glucoz
5) Phn ng ln men ru:
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
o

t
7) Phn ng gia xenluloz vi axit nitric.

0
[C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O
H 2 SO4 ,t
Xenluloz trinitrat (thuc sng khng khi)

Cu 1. Cacbonhidrat(gluxit,saccarit) l:
A. Hp cht a chc, c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m
B. Hp cht tp chc, a s c cng thc chung l Cn(H2O)m
C. Hp cht cha nhiu nhm hidroxyl v nhm cacbonyl
D. Hp cht ch c ngun gc t thc vt
Cu 2. Trong phn t ca cacbohyrat lun c
A. nhm chc axit. B. nhm chc xeton. C. nhm chc ancol. D. nhm chc anehit.
Cu 3. Cht thuc loi isaccarit l
A. glucoz. B. saccaroz. C. xenluloz. D. fructoz.
Cu 4. Cho bit cht no sau y thuc monosacarit:
A.Glucoz B.Saccaroz C.Tinh bt D.Xenluloz
Cu 5. Cho bit cht no sau y thuc polisacarit:
A.Glucoz B.Saccaroz C.Mantoz D.Xenluloz
Cu 6. Hai cht ng phn ca nhau l
A. glucoz v mantoz. B. fructoz v glucoz.
C. fructoz v mantoz. D. saccaroz v glucoz.

Cu 7. trng thi sinh l bnh thng, glucoz trong mu ngi chim mt t l khng i l:
A. 1,0 % B. 0,01 % C. 0,1 % D. 10 %
Cu 8. Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz X Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.
C. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.
Cu 9. chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch
glucoz phn ng vi
A. kim loi Na
B. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng,
C. AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng
D. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng.
Cu 10. Thuc th phn bit glucoz v fructoz l
A. Cu(OH)2 B. dung dch brom. C. [Ag(NH3)2] NO3 D. Na
Cu 11. Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) C th dng nc brom phn bit glucoz v fructoz
(b) Trong mi trng axit, glucoz v fructoz c th chuyn ha ln nhau
(c) C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3
(d) Trong dung dch, glucoz v fructoz u ha tan Cu(OH) 2 nhit thng cho dung
dch mu xanh lam
(e)Trong dung dch, fructoz tn ti ch yu dng mch h
(f) Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng 6 cnh (dng v )
S pht biu ng l
A. 5 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
Cu 12. ng dng no di y khng phi l ng dng ca glucoz ?
A. Nguyn liu sn xut PVC. B. Trng gng, phch.
C. Lm thc phm dinh dng, thuc tng lc. D. Nguyn liu sn xut ancol etylic.
Cu 13. glucoz khng c c tnh cht no di y?
A. Tnh cht ca nhm andehit B. Tnh cht poliol
C. Tham gia p thu phn D. Tc dng vi CH3OH/HCl
Cu 14. Frutoz khng p vi cht no sau y?
A. H2/Ni,t0C B. Cu(OH)2 C. Nc Br2 D. Dd AgNO3/NH3
Cu 15. phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, saccaroz v anehit axetic c th dng dy cht no
sau y lm thuc th?
A. Nc brom v NaOH B. AgN /NH v NaOH
3 3
C. Cu(OH) v AgNO /NH

2 3 3 D. HNO v AgNO /NH
3 3 3
Cu 16. Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu c

A. ancol etylic. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz. D. fructoz.
Cu 17. Saccaroz v glucoz u c

A. phn ng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng.

B. phn ng vi dung dch NaCl.
C. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to thnh dung dch xanh lam.
D. phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit.
Cu 18. Cng thc no sau y l ca xenluloz?
A. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. [C6H8O2(OH)3]n. C. [C6H7O3(OH)3]n. D. [C6H5O2(OH)3]n.
Cu 19. Xenluloz c cu to bi cc gc:
A. -glucoz B. -fructoz C. -glucoz D. -fructoz
Cu 20. Ba ng nghim khng nhn, cha ring ba dung dch: glucoz, h tinh bt, glixerol.
phn bit 3 dung dch, ngi ta dng thuc th
A. Dung dch iot B. Dung dch axit
C. Dung dch iot v phn ng trng bc D. Phn ng vi Na
Cu 21. Cho s phn ng :
xuctac
(a) X + H2O Y
(b) Y + AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O amoni gluconat + Ag + NH4NO3
xuctac
(c) Y E+Z
anh sang
(d) Z + H2O
chat diepluc
X+G
X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. Tinh bt, glucoz, etanol. B. Tinh bt, glucoz, cacbon ioxit.
C. Xenluloz, saccaroz, cacbon ioxit. D. Xenluloz, fructoz, cacbon ioxit.
Cu 22. Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 l
A. glucoz, glixerol, ancol etylic. B. glucoz, andehit fomic, natri axetat.
C. glucoz, glixerol, axit axetic. D. glucoz, glixerol, natri axetat.
Cu 23. un nng xenluloz trong dung dch axit v c, thu c sn phm l
A. saccaroz. B. glucoz. C. fructoz. D. mantoz.
Cu 24. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
A. ho tan Cu(OH)2. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.
Cu 25. Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, fructoz. S cht trong dy
tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 26. Cho cc dung dch sau: saccaroz, glucoz, anehit axetic, axit fomic, metylfomat,
vinylaxetat, glixerol, ancol etylic, axetilen, fructoz. S lng dung dch c th tham gia phn ng
trng gng l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 27. Cho cc chuyn ho sau:
X + H2O Y
0
xt
/t
Y + H2 Ni/ t Sobitol
0
Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O Amoni gluconat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3

0
t

Y E +Z
0
xt
/t
Z + H2O as/ chat

diep
luc
X + G
X, Y v Z ln lt l:
A. xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic. B. tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.
C. xenluloz, glucoz v kh cacbon oxit. D. tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic.
Cu 28. Bng di y ghi li hin tng khi lm th nghim vi cc cht sau dng dung dch
nc : X, Y, Z, T v Q
Cht X Y Z T Q
Thuc th
Qu tm khng i khng i khng i khng i khng i
mu mu mu mu mu
Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, un khng c Ag khng c khng c Ag
nh kt ta kt ta kt ta
Cu(OH)2, lc nh Cu(OH)2 dung dch dung dch Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2
khng tan xanh lam xanh lam khng tan khng tan
Nc brom kt ta khng c khng c khng c khng c
trng kt ta kt ta kt ta kt ta
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T v Q ln lt l
A. Glixerol, glucoz, etylen glicol, metanol, axetanehit
B. Phenol, glucoz, glixerol, etanol, anehit fomic
C. Anilin, glucoz, glixerol, anehit fomic, metanol
D. Fructoz, glucoz, axetanehit, etanol, anehit fomic
Cu 29. Cho cc pht biu sau v cacbohirat:
(a) Glucoz v saccaroz u l cht rn c v ngt, d tan trong nc.
(b) Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit
(c) Trong dung dch, glucoz v saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)2, to phc mu xanh lam.
(d) Khi thy phn hon ton hn hp gm tinh bt v saccaroz trong mi trng axit, ch thu
c mt loi monosaccarit duy nht.
(e) Khi un nng glucoz (hoc fructoz) vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c Ag.
(g) Glucoz v saccaroz u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng) to sobitol.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 6 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 30. Cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. xenluloz. B. tinh bt. C. glucoz. D. saccaroz.
Cu 31. Khi thu phn tinh bt ta thu sn phm cui cng l:
A.mantoz. B. frutoz. C. glucoz. D. saccaroz.
Cu 32. xc nh trong nc tiu ca ngi benh nhn i tho ng ngi ta dng:
A. Axit axetit B. ng (II) hidroxit C. ng oxit D. Natri hidroxit
Cu 33. Cu no ng trong cc cu sau: Tinh bt v xenluloz khc nhau v

A. Cng thc phn t B. Tnh tan trong nc lnh

C. Phn ng thu phn D. Cu trc phn t
Cu 34. ng dng no khng phi l ng dng ca glucoz?
A. Lm thc phm dinh dng v thuc tng lc B. Trng gng, trng phch
C. Nguyn liu sn xut ancoletylic D. Nguyn liu sn xut PVC
Cu 35. Bnh nhn phi tip ng (tim hoc truyn dung dch ng vo tnh mch), l loi
ng no?
A.Glucoz B.Mantoz C.Saccaroz D.Fructoz
Cu 36. Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1); tan trong nc (2); tan trong nc Svayde (3); phn
ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4); tham gia phn ng trng bc (5); b thu phn
trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l:
A. (2), (3), (4) v (5). B. (3), (4), (5) v (6).
C. (1), (2), (3) v (4). D. (1), (3), (4) v (6).
Cu 37. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 1750000 vC. S gc
glucoz C6H10O5 trong phn t ca xenluloz l
A.10 802 gc B.1 621 gc C. 422 gc D. 21 604 gc
Cu 38. Phn t khi trung bnh ca xenluloz l 1620000. Gi tr n trong cng thc (C6H10O5)n l
A. 10000 B. 8000 C. 9000 D. 7000
Cu 39. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 4860000 vC . Vy s gc
glucoz c trong xenluloz nu trn l :
A. 28000 B.30000 C.35000 D.25000

DNG 1: PHN NG TRNG BC
1. Nh h s sn phm:
Gluco 2Ag
Fructo 2Ag
2. Saccaroz khng tc dng AgNO3/NH3, nhng nu thu phn saccaroz trong mi trng axit,
th dung dch sau thu phn (glucoz, fructoz) c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
glucozo t 2Ag
o
Saccaroz (x mol) + H-OH
H ,t

+ o

(mol Ag: 4x)
fructozo 2Ag
3. Bi ton c lin quan n hiu sut phn ng (H%)
Qu trnh c 1 phn ng:
A
H%
B
H
+ Lng B thu c thc t: mB = mB(l thuyt).
100
(mB (l thuyt) l lng cht B thu c gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton, H = 100%)
100
+ Lng A cn ly ban u: mA (cn ly ban u) = mA (phn ng) .
H
Qu trnh c 2 phn ng lin tip:

H1 H2
A B
C ( H1, H2 l hiu sut phn ng tng giai on)
H1 H 2
+ Lng C thu c thc t: mC = mC(l thuyt). .
100 100
100 100
+ Lng A cn ly ban u: mA (cn ly ban u) = mA (phn ng) . .
H1 H 2
Cu 40. un nng dd cha 14,4 g glucoz vi ddAgNO3/NH3 th khi lng Ag thu c l (bit
hiu sut phn ng l 80%):
A. 21,6g B. 15,55 g C. 17,82 g D. 14,4 g
Cu 41. un nng dd cha m g glucoz vi ddAgNO 3/NH3 th thu c 32,4 g Ag .Gi tr m l
(bit hiu sut ca phn ng l 90%:
A. 10 B. 25 C. 30 D. 40
Cu 42. Thu phn 62,5 gam dung dch Saccaroz 17,1% trong mi trng axit thu c dung dch
X (vi hiu sut thu phn 80%). Cho AgN3/NH3 d vo dung dch X un nh th khi lng Ag
thu c l
A. 7,65 gam B. 13,5 gam C. 16 gam D. 10,8 gam
Cu 43. Thy phn 68,4 gam saccaroz vi hiu sut 60%. Dung dnh sau phn ng chia thnh hai
phn bng nhau. Phn I tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c x mol Ag. Phn II
lm mt mu va dung dch cha y mol brom. Gi tr ca x, y ln lt l:
A. 0,24; 0,06. B. 0,12; 0,06. C. 0,32; 0,1. D. 0,48; 0,12.
DNG 2: TON V PHN NG THY PHN - LN MEN - TC DNG HNO3

NH: C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
o
t
n CO2 = n C2 H5OH = 2.n gluco( pu)
Cu 44. Lng glucoz thu c khi thu phn 1kg khoai cha 20% tinh bt (hiu sut t 81%)
l:
A. 162g B. 180g C. 81g D.90g
Cu 45. Ln men 2kg nho vi hm lng glucoz l 30% th khi lng ancol etylic thu c l:
(Bit hiu sut ln men t 60%)
A.184 gam B.138 gam C.276 gam D.92 gam
Cu 46. Cho m gam glucoz ln men, kh thot ra c dn vo dd nc vi trong d thu c
55,2g kt ta trng. Tnh khi lng glucoz ln men, bit hiu sut ln men l 92%.
A. 54 B. 58 C. 84 D. 46
Cu 47. Cho m g tinh bt ln men sn xut ancol etylic. Ton b CO 2 sinh ra cho vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 ly d c 750 gam kt ta. Hiu sut mi giai on thy phn v ln men l 80%. Gi
tr ca m l:
A.940 g B.949,2 g C.950,5 g D.1000 g
Cu 48. T 16,20 tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c m tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu sut
phn ng tnh theo xenluloz l 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 26,73. B. 33,00. C. 25,46. D. 29,70.

Cu 49. T m tn xenluloz ngi ta sn xut c 1,782 tn xenluloz trinitrat (bit hiu sut
phn ng tnh theo xenluloz l 80%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,521. B. 1,215. C. 1,125. D. 1,251.
Cu 50. iu ch 53,46 kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut 60%) cn dng t nht V lt axit
nitric 94,5% (D = 1,5 g/ml) phn ng vi xenluloz d. Gi tr ca V l
A. 24. B. 40. C. 36. D. 60.

CHNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXT - PEPTIT

--------
A. KIN THC CN NM
AMIN
I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI, DANH PHP.

1. nh ngha : Amin l nhng hp cht hu c c to ra khi thay th mt hoc nhiu nguyn t
hiro trong phn t NH3 bng mt hoc nhiu gc hirocacbon.
2. Cng thc tng qut Amin no (k = 0), n chc (t = 1), mch h:
- CT cu to: CnH2n+1-NH2 (n 1) hay R-NH2 (R l gc hidrocabon no)
- CT phn t: CnH2n+3N (n 1)
Th d: CH3-NH2 Metylamin; C2H5NH2 etylamin
3 . Phn loi
* Theo gc hidrocacbon: c 2 loi * Theo bc amin: c 3 loi
- Amin mch h: C2H5NH2, C2H5NHCH3, ... Amin bc 1 Amin bc 2 Amin bc
- Amin thm (nit gn vo vng benzen): 3
C6H5NH2
R-NH2 R-NH-R
4. Danh php :
Hp cht Tn gc chc Tn thay th
CH3NH2 Metylamin (M = 31) Metanamin
C2H5NH2 Etylamin (M = 45) Etanamin
CH2=CH-NH2 Vinylamin Etenamin
CH3CH2CH2NH2 n-propylamin Propan-1-amin
CH3CH(NH2)CH3 isopropylamin Propan-2-amin
C6H5NH2 Phenylamin (anilin) Benzenamin
C6H5 -NH-CH3 Metylphenylamin N-Metylbenzenamin
5. ng phn: Cng thc tnh nhanh 2n-1 (n 4)
CTPT S P: Bc
2n-1 bc1 bc 2 bc 3
C2H7N 2 1 1 0
C3H9N 4 2 1 1
C4H11N 8 4 3 1
C5H13N 17 8 6 3
II. TNH CHT VT L

- Metylamin, imetylamin, trimetylamin v etylamin l nhng cht kh c mi khai, d tan

trong nc, cc amin ng ng cao hn l cht lng hoc rn.
- Anilin th lng, khng mu, khng tan trong nc, nng hn nc
III. TNH CHT HA HC
1. Tnh baz
- Dung dch amin mch h lm xanh giy qu (CH 3NH2,...) , nhng cc amin thm th
khng (nh anilin)
- Tc dng vi axit:
C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Cl
CH2(NH2)2 + 2HCl CH2(NH3Cl)2
Tng qut: R(NH2)x + xHCl R(NH3Cl)x (mui amoni)
n HCl n
* Nhn xt: S nhm NH2: x = = H
+
n a min n a min
- Cc dung dch mui amoni ca amin tc dng d dng vi dung dch kim ti to li amin ban
u:
CH3NH3Cl + NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl + H2O
C6H5NH3Cl + NaOH C6H5NH2 + NaCl + H2O
* So snh lc baz gia cc amin: Nhng nhm y electron, chng hn cc gc ankyl (-
CH3 , - C2H5) s lm cho tnh baz tng ln. Ngc li nhm phenyl (-C6H5 ) c hiu ng ht
electron, s lm tnh baz yu i.
Ta c lc baz : NaOH >R-NH-R> RNH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2 > (C6H5)2NH
(R l nhm y e nh -CH3, -C2H5 ,. )
Th d: NaOH > CH3NHCH3 > CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2> C6H5NHC6H5
Hoc: NaOH > C2H5NH2 > CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2 > (C6H5)2NH
2. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin.
- Nguyn t Br th d dng (d hn so vi benzen) vo v tr ortho, para (tng t nh phenol)
NH2 NH2
Br Br
+ 3Br2 + 3HBr
Br
2, 4, 6 tribromanilin (M=330)
Hay : C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 C6H2Br3NH2 trng + 3HBr
- Tng t phenol:
C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH trng + 3HBr
3. Phn ng t chy amin no, n chc mch h

1
CnH2n + 3N + (3n + 1,5)/2 O2 nCO2 + (n +1,5) H2O + N2
2
* Nhn xt : T h s PTHH ta d thy:
namin n = nN = 2 n N 2
n H 2O - n CO 2 =1,5namin no n
nO2 = nCO2 + nH2O (Bo ton nguyn t oxi)
AMINO AXIT
I. KHI NIM - DANH PHP NG PHN - CU TO PHN T.

1. nh ngha :
- Amino axit l nhng HCHC tp chc va cha nhm chc amino (-NH2) va cha nhm
chc cacboxyl (-COOH).
- Cng thc tng qut amino axit no, mt chc amino -NH2 , mt chc cacboxyl -COOH:
+ CTCT: H2N-CnH2n-COOH (n 1) hay H2N-R-COOH
+ CTPT: CnH2n+1O2N hay CnH2n+1NO2 (n 2)
Th d: C2H5O2N : H2N-CH2 -COOH (Glyxin)
2. Danh php: Cch nh s th t mch cacbon theo danh php bn h thng
w e d g
C - C - C- C- C- C- COOH
- Mt s amino axit cn nh:
Cng thc Tn thay th Tn thng K hiu
Tn bn h thng
Axit aminoetanoic Gly
H2N-CH2 -COOH Glyxin
Axit aminoaxetic ( M=75)
Axit 2-aminopropanoic Ala
CH3 CH(NH2) -COOH Alanin
Axit -aminopropionic ( M=89)
CH3 - CH CH -COOH Axit 2-amino-3-metylbutanoic Val
Valin
CH3 NH2 Axit -aminoisovaleric (M=117)
HOOC-CH2-CH2CH - COOH Axit 2-aminopentanioic Axit Glu
NH2 Axit -aminoglutamic glutamic (M=147)
H2N - (CH2)4 - CH - COOH Axit 2,6-iaminohexanoic Lys
Lysin
NH2
C6H5-CH2 CH(NH2) - COOH Axit 2-amino-3-phenylpropanoic Phenylalanin Phe
3. ng phn
- ng vi cng thc phn t CnH2n+1O2N

Th d: Vit cc ng phn Amino axit c CTPT l C3H7O2N.
* Lu : ngoi amino axit , CnH2n+1O2N cn c cc ng phn este ca amino axit v mui

amoni.
Este ca amino axit: H2N-CH2-COOCH3
Mui amoni: CH2=CH-COONH4
4. Cu to phn t: Vi nhm COOH c tnh axit, nhm NH 2 c tnh baz nn th rn tng tc
vi nhau to ra ion lng cc . Trong dung dch, dng ion lng cc chuyn mt phn nh thnh
dng phn t :
R CH COO- R CH COOH
+
NH3 NH2
dng ion lng cc dng phn t

II. TNH CHT VT L: Cc amin axit l cc cht rn khng mu, v hi ngt, nhit nng
chy cao, d tan trong nc.
III. TNH CHT HA HC
1. Mi trng dd aminoaxit: Xt aminoaxit (H2N)xR(COOH)y
- Khi x = y: dd gn nh trung tnh pH =7
- Khi x < y: dd c mi trng axit pH < 7 , lm qu tm ha .
- Khi x > y: dd c mi trng kim pH > 7 , lm qu tm ha xanh, phenolphtalein ha hng.
2. Amino axit c tnh lng tnh
a. T.d vi axit:
(HOOC)y R (NH2)x + xHCl (HOOC)y R (NH3Cl)x
Bn cht p: -NH2 + H+ -NH3+
n ( - NH 2)
nH +
S chc NH2 = x = = Hay n H + = n(-NH2) = x.nAA .
n AA n AA
Th d: H2N-CH2-COOH + HCl ClH3N-CH2-COOH
H2N-CH2 CH(NH2)-COOH + 2HCl ClH3N-CH2-CH(NH3Cl)-COOH
b. T/d vi baz:
(NH2)x R (COOH)y + yNaOH (NH2)x R (COONa)y + yH2O
Bn cht P: -COOH + OH- -COO- + H2O
n ( - COOH ) n OH -
S chc COOH = y = = (Bo ton chc axit : n(-COOH) = y.nAA ).
n AA n AA
m muoi - m AA
Dng tng - gim khi lng, ta tm c mol chc COOH : n-COOH =
22
Th d: H2N-CH2-COOH + NaOH H2N-CH2-COONa
HOOC-C3H5(NH2)-COOH + 2NaOH NaOOC- C3H5(NH2)-COONa
3. Phn ng este ho ca nhm cacboxyl
HClkhi
H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH
H2NCH2COOC2H5 + H2O
4. Phn ng trng ngng
nNH2 [CH2]5-COOH > (- NH [CH2]5CO -)n + nH2O
T capron (nilon 6)
IV. ng dng: Mt s amino axit c dng ph bin nh mui mononatri ca axit glutamic
(NaOOCCH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH) dng lm gia v gi l m chnh hay bt ngt.
PEPTIT
I. NH NGHA - PHN LOI - NG PHN - DANH PHP

1. nh ngha, phn loi
- Peptit l loi hp cht cha 2 n 50 gc - aminoaxit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt
peptit. (lin kt peptit: CONH).
- Phn loi: cc peptit c chia lm 2 loi:
Oligopeptit gm cc peptit c t 2 n 10 gc -amino axit.
Polipeptit gm cc peptit c t 11 n 50 gc -amino axit. Polipeptit l c s to nn
protein.
2. Cu to:
H2NCH CONHCHCONHCHCO....NHCHCOOH
R1 R2 R3 Rt
u N Lin kt peptit u C
- Nu peptit c n phn t amino axit => c (n-1) lk peptit
* Cng thc phn t tng qut peptit (to t - aminoaxit no, c mt nhm -NH2, mt
nhm -COOH): CnH2n + 2 - t Ot +1Nt
3. ng phn Danh php
a. Danh php
Ghp tn cc gc axyl bt u t u N, cn tn amino axit u C c gi nguyn.
Th d: H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH
glyxylalanylalanin (Gly-Ala-Ala)
b. ng phn

Trong phn t peptit gm cc gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau theo mt trt t nghim ngt.
Nu thay i trt t s to ra cc ng phn khc nhau.
- Nu phn t peptit cha n gc - amino axit khc nhau th s ng phn peptit l: n!
Th d 1: S tripeptit cha ng thi c Ala, Val v Gly l bao nhiu?
Tr li: 3! = 6 ( n = 3)
Ala-Val-Gly Ala-Gly-Val Gly-Ala-Val
Gly-Val-Ala Val-Gly-Ala Val-Ala-Gly
- S i, tri, tetra, ... n peptit ti a thu c t hn hp cha x aminoaxit khc nhau l: xn
Th d 2: S ipeptit ti a thu c khi un nng hn hp gm: Ala, Val, Gly ?
A. 8 B. 18 C. 4 D. 9
Tr li: 32 = 9 (n = 2, x = 3) (p n D)
Ala-Ala ; Gly-Gly ; Val-Val ; Ala-Gly ; Gly-Ala ; Ala-Val ; Val-Ala ; Gly-Val ; Val-Gly
o
II. TNH CHT VT L: Cc peptit thng th rn, c tnc cao v d tan trong nc.
III. TNH CHT HA HC
a. Phn ng mu biure :
- Dd tripeptit tr ln ho tan Cu(OH)2 to ra dd phc cht c mu tm c trng.
- Protein (lng trng trng) + Cu(OH)2 dd phc mu tm
- Lu : ipeptit ch c mt lin kt peptit nn khng c phn ng ny (Th d: Ala-Gly)
b. Phn ng thy phn:
- Khi un nng dd peptit vi axit hoc kim, peptit b thy phn thnh chui peptit ngn hn v
cui cng l cc - amino axit ring l.
- Khi thy phn peptit (to bi -aminoaxit cha 1 nhm COOH, 1 nhm NH 2) n cng bng
xt H+ ta thu c mui ca -aminoaxit:
o
(-AA)n + (n-1)H2O + nHCl
t
nClH3N-R-COOH
- Khi thy phn peptit (to bi -aminoaxit cha 1 nhm COOH, 1 nhm NH 2) n cng
bng dd NaOH ta thu c mui ca -aminoaxit:
o
(-AA)n + nNaOH
t
nH2N-R-COONa + H2O
* Lu : Khi thu phn peptit bng dd kim sn phm lun to 1 phn t H 2O
=> n H 2O = n peptit
Th d: Khi thu phn khng hon pentapeptit Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Glu th c th thu c bao nhiu
ipeptit khc nhau?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
Tr li:
Khi b thu phn cc lin kt peptit b t 1 cch ngu nhin, c th to cc ipeptit sau:
Ala-Gly ; Gly-Ala ; Gly-Glu => p n C.
c. Phn ng trng ngng to peptit

o
nH2N-R-COOH
xt,t
(-AA)n + (n-1)H2O

Cu 1. Cng thc chung ca amin no n chc, mch h l:
A. CnH2n+1N B. CnH2n+1NH2 C. CnH2n+2N D. CxHyN
Cu 2. Cht no sau y thuc loi amin bt mt?
A. CH3NHCH3. B. (CH3)3N. C. CH3NH2. D. CH3CH2NHCH3.
Cu 3. S ng phn amin c cng thc phn t C3H9N l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 4. S ng phn amin bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C5H13N l
A. 5. B. 7. C. 9. D. 8.
Cu 5. Cho bit s amin bc II ca C4H11N:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D.4
Cu 6. ng vi cng thc C7H9N c s ng phn amin cha vng benzen l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 7. Anilin c cng thc l
A. CH3COOH. B. C6H5OH. C. C6H5NH2. D. CH3OH.
Cu 8. Trong cc cht sau, cht no l amin bc 2?
A. H2N-[CH2]6NH2 B. CH3CH(CH3)NH2 C. CH3NHCH3 D. C6H5NH2
Cu 9. Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz mnh nht ?
A. NH3 B. C6H5CH2NH2 C. C6H5NH2 D. (CH3)2NH
Cu 10. Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz yu nht ?
A. C6H5NH2 B. C6H5CH2NH2 C. (C6H5)2NH D. NH3
Cu 11. Ancol v amin no sau y cng bc?
A. (C6H5)2NH v C6H5CH2OH B. C6H5NHCH3 v C6H5CH(OH)CH3
C. (CH3)3COH v (CH3)3CNH2 D. (CH3)2CHOH v (CH3)2CHNH2
Cu 12. Cht khng c kh nng lm xanh nc qu tm l
A. Anilin B. Natri hiroxit. C. Natri axetat. D. Amoniac.
Cu 13. Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l:
A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit.
C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.
Cu 14. Cho cc cht imetylamin (1), metylamin (2), amoniac (3), anilin (4), p-metylanilin (5), p-
nitroanilin (6 ). Tnh baz tng dn theo th t l:
A. (3), (2), (1), (4), (5), (6 ). B. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6 ).
C. (6 ), (4), (5), (3), (2), (1). D. (6 ), (5), (4), (3), (2), (1).
Cu 15. Cho cc cht imetylamin (1), metylamin (2), amoniac (3), anilin (4), p-metylanilin (5), p-
nitroanilin (6 ). Tnh baz tng dn theo th t l:
A. (3), (2), (1), (4), (5), (6 ). B. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6 ).
C. (6 ), (4), (5), (3), (2), (1). D. (6 ), (5), (4), (3), (2), (1).

Cu 16. Kt ta xut hin khi nh dung dch brom vo

A. ancol etylic. B. benzen. C. anilin. D. axit axetic.
Cu 17. Sau khi ng anilin, c th chn cch ra no sau y c dng c thy tinh sch ?
A. Ra bng nc sau trng bng dung dch kim
B. Ra bng dung dch axit sau trng bng nc,
C. Ra bng dung dch kim sau trng bng nc.
D. Ra bng nc sau trng bng dung dch axit.
Cu 18. phn bit phenol, anilin, benzen, stiren ngi ta ln lt s dng cp thuc th l
A. qu tm, dung dch Br2. B. dung dch Br2, qu tm.
C. dung dch NaOH, dung dch Br2. D. dung dch HC1, dung dch NaOH.
Cu 19. Anilin (C6H5NH2) v phenol (C6H5OH) u c phn ng vi
A. dung dch NaCl. B. dung dch HCl. C. nc Br2. D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 20. Sp xp cc cht sau y theo tnh baz gim dn?
(1) C6H5NH2 (2) C2H5NH2 (3) (C6H5)2NH (4) (C2H5)2NH (5) NaOH (6) NH3
A. 1>3>5>4>2>6 B. 6>4>3>5>1>2
C. 5>4>2>1>3>6 D. 5>4>2>6>1>3
Cu 21. Cho cc cht sau: etilen, axetilen, phenol (C6H5OH), buta-1,3-ien, toluen, anilin. S cht
lm mt mu nc brom iu kin thng l
A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 22. Cng thc chung ca amino axit no c 1 nhm NH2, 1 nhm -COOH l:
A. CnH2n+1NO2 B. CnH2n-1NO2 C. CnH2n+3NO2 D. CxHyNOy
Cu 23. C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C3H7O2N?
A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 2 cht. D. 1 cht.
Cu 24. Amino axit l hp cht hu c trong phn t
A. cha nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino. B. ch cha nhm amino.
C. ch cha nhm cacboxyl. D. ch cha nit hoc cacbon.
Cu 25. C4H9O2N c my ng phn amino axit c nhm amino v tr ?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 26. Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH3CH(NH2)COOH ?
A. Axit 2-aminopropanoic. B. Axit-aminopropionic. C. Anilin. D. Alanin.
Cu 27. Trong cc cht di y, cht no l glyxin?
A. H2N-CH2-COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH
C. HOOC-CH2CH(NH2)COOH D. H2NCH2-CH2COOH
Cu 28. Trong cc cht di y, cht no l valin?
A. H2N-CH2-COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOH
C. HOOC-CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOHD. (CH3)2CH-CH(NH2)COOH
Cu 29. Dung dch ca cht no sau y khng lm i mu qu tm :
A. Glixin (CH2NH2-COOH)
B. Lysin (H2NCH2-[CH2]3CH(NH2)-COOH)
C. Axit glutamic (HOOC-CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH)

D. Natriphenolat (C6H5ONa)
Cu 30. Dy cc cht no sau y u khng lm i mu qu tm:
A. Axit glutamic, valin, alanin
B. Axit glutamic, lysin, glyxin
C. Alanin, lysin, phenyl amin
D. Anilin, glyxin, valin
Cu 31. Glyxin khng tc dng c vi dung dch no sau y?
A. NaHSO4. B. NaHCO3. C. NH3. D. KNO3.
Cu 32. Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi H2NCH2COOH, va tc dng c vi CH3NH2?
A. NaCl. B. HCl. C. CH3OH. D. NaOH.
Cu 33. Cht rn khng mu, d tan trong nc, kt tinh iu kin thng l
A. C6H5NH2. B. C2H5OH. C. H2NCH2COOH. D. CH3NH2.
Cu 34. Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2,
C6H5OH (phenol). S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 35. Cho dy cc dung dch: axit axetic, phenylamoni clorua, natri axetat, metylamin, glyxin,
phenol (C6H5OH). S dung dch trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 36. Cp cht no ng thi tc dng c vi dung dch HCl v vi dung dch NaOH?
A. H2NCH2COOH v C6H5NH2. B. CH3COONH4 v C2H5NH2.
C. CH3COONH4 v HCOOH3NCH3. D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH v C6H5OH.
Cu 37. chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht ny ln
lt vi
A. dung dch KOH v dung dch HCl. B. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH3.
C. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na2SO4 . D. dung dch KOH v CuO.
Cu 38. phn bit 3 dung dch H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH v C2H5NH2 ch cn dng mt thuc
th l
A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch HCl. C. natri kim loi. D. qu tm.
Cu 39. Cht dng lm gia v thc n gi l m chnh hay bt ngt c cng thc cu to l
A. NaOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COONa.B. NaOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH.
C. NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COOH. D. NaOOCCH2CH(NH2)CH2COONa.
Cu 40. Tri peptit l hp cht
A. m mi phn t c 3 lin kt peptit.
B. c lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc amino axit ging nhau.
C. c lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc amino axit khc nhau.
D. c 2 lin kt peptit m phn t c 3 gc -amino axit.
Cu 41. C bao nhiu tripeptit m phn t cha 3 gc amino axit khc nhau?
Cu 42. Trong cc cht di y, cht no l ipeptit ?
A. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-COOH.
B. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH.
C. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-COOH.
D. H2N-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH
Cu 43. T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ?
Cu 44. S ng phn tripeptit c cha gc ca c glyxin v alanin l
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 45. C cc amino axit: glyxin (Gly), alanin (Ala) v valin (Val). C th iu ch c bao
nhiu tripeptit m trong mi phn t tripeptit u cha ng thi c 3 amino axit trn ?
A.4. B. 8. C.6. D. 3.
Cu 46. Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh thy phn cc protein n gin nh cht xc tc thch
hp l
A. -aminoaxit. B. -aminoaxit. C. axit cacboxylic. D. este.
Cu 47. ipeptit Gly-Ala c cng thc cu to ng l:
A. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-CH2-COOH.
B. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-COOH.
C. H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-COOH.
D. HOOC-CH2-NH-CO-CH(CH3)-NH2
Cu 48. Mt ipeptit c khi lng mol bng 146. ipeptit l:
A. Ala-Ala B. Gly-Ala C. Gly-Val. D. Gly-Gly.
Cu 49. Thuc th c dng phn bit Gly-Ala-Gly vi Gly-Ala l
A. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. B. dung dch NaCl.
C. dung dch HCl. D. dung dch NaOH.
Cu 50. X c cng thc H2N-CH2-CONH-CH(CH3)-CONH-CH2-COOH. Tn gi ca X l?
A. Glyxylalanylglyxyl. B. Glyxylalanylglyxin
C. Alanylglyxylglyxin D. Glyxinalaninglyxin

DNG 1: AMIN, AMINO AXIT, PEPTIT TC DNG AXIT, BAZ
Cu 51. Cho anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 38,85 gam mui. Khi lng
anilin phn ng l:
A. 18,6g B. 9,3g C. 37,2g D. 27,9g.
Cu 52. Cho 5,9 gam amin n chc X tc dng vi dung dch HC1, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Lm bay hi dung dch Y c 9,55 gam mui khan, s cng thc
cu to ng vi cng thc phn t X l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4
Cu 53. Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H2N-CH2-COOH) phn ng ht vi dd NaOH. Khi lng
mui thu c l
Cu 54. (THPTQG 2015) Amino axit X trong phn t c mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH.
Cho 26,7 gam X phn ng vi lng d dung dch HCl, thu c dung dch cha 37,65 gam mui.
Cng thc ca X l
A. H2N-[CH2]4-COOH. B. H2N-[CH2]2-COOH.
C. H2N-[CH2]3-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-COOH.
Cu 55. Cho 100 ml dung dch amino axit X nng 0,4M tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,5M, thu c dung dch cha 5 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. H2NC3H6COOH B. H2NC3H5(COOH)2
C. (H2N)2C4H7COOH D. H2NC2H4COOH
Cu 56. un nng 14,6 gam Gly-Ala vi lng d dung dch NaOH. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr m l:
A. 22,6 B. 18,6 C. 20,8 D. 16,8
Cu 57. un nng 8,12 gam Gly-Gly-Ala vi lng d dung dch NaOH. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr m l:
A. 10,6 B. 12,2 C. 10,8 D. 16,8
DNG 2: TON T CHY

Cu 58. t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 CO2
v 12,6g hi nc v 69,44 lt nit. Gi thit khng kh ch gm nit v oxi, trong oxi chim
20% th tch. Cc th tch o ktc. Amin X c cng thc phn t l
A. C3H7NH2 B.C2H5NH2 C. CH3NH2 D. C4H9NH2
Cu 59. t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X thu c 8,4 lt kh CO 2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc th
tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, O = 16)
A. C3H7N B. C3H9N C. C4H9N D. C2H7N
Cu 60. t chy hon ton amol mt aminoaxit X c 2a mol CO2, 2,5a mol nc v 0,5 a mol
N2. X c CTPT l:
A. C2H5NO4 B. C2H5N2O2 C. C2H5NO2 D. C4H10N2O2

CHNG 4: POLIME
A. KIN THC CN NM
I CNG V POLIME
1. Khi nim, tn gi v cch phn loi theo ngun gc

a. Khi nim:
Polime l nhng hp cht c khi lng phn t rt ln do nhiu n v c s (mt xch) lin
kt vi nhau to nn
Th d: : Polietilen ( CH2 CH2 )n nilon-6,6 ( NH[CH2]5-CO )n
- Ch :
+ n : l h s polime ho, polime ho hay s lng mc xch
M po lim e
M po lim e = M matxich .n => n =
M matxich
+ Phn t to nn mt xch gi l monome
b. Phn loi:
a) Theo ngun gc:
b) Theo cch tng hp:
2. Cu trc khng gian

- Mch khng nhnh: amiloz, xenluloz, PE, t axetat, t visco, cao su buna ...
- Mch phn nhnh: amilopectin, glicogen.
- Mch mng khng gian: nha bakelit, cao su lu ha
3. Cc phng php iu ch polime:
a. Phn ng trng hp: L qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) ging nhau hay tng
t nhau thnh phn t ln (polime).
- ieu kien cua phan ng trung hp: phan t monome phai co
lien ket oi hoac vong kem ben.

xt, to, p
nCH2 CH CH2 CH n
Cl Cl
vinyl clorua poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)
b. Phn ng trng ngng: L qu trnh kt hp nhiu phn t nh (monome) thnh phn t
ln(polime) ng thi gii phng nhng phn t khc (Th d: H2O)
- ieu kien cua phan ng trung ngng: phan t monome phai
co t hai nhom chc tr len.
nHOOC-C6H4-COOH + n HO-CH2-CH2-OH
t0
(-CO-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-)n + 2n H2O
axit terephtalic etylen glicol poli(etylen terephtalat) t lapsan
xt, to, p
nH2N[CH2]5COOH NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2O
Axit -aminocaproic Nilon 6
VT LIU POLIME
1. Cht do
Cht do: l nhng vt liu polime c tnh do.
Vt liu compozit: l nhng vt liu hn hp gm t nht hai thnh phn phn tn vo nhau m
khng tan vo nhau.
Mt s loi polime dng lm cht do nh:
Tn polime P/ng iu ch t monome
Polietilen - PE xt, to, p
nCH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 n
etilen polietilen(PE)
Poli(vinylclorua) - xt, to, p
nCH2 CH CH2 CH n
PVC
Cl Cl
vinyl clorua poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)
Polipropilen - PP
Polistiren xt, to, p

nCH CH2 CH CH2 n
(nha PS)
C 6H 5 C 6H 5

Poli(metyl
metacrylat)
( Thy tinh hu c)
Poli (vinyl axetat) -

PVA
Thu phn PVA trong mi trng kim:
2. T
a. Khi nim: l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh vi bn nht nh
b.Phn loi: gm 2 loi chnh
T ha hc
T thin nhin
T tng hp T bn tng hp (nhn to)
bng, len, t tm Nilon-6; nilon-6,6; t lapsan... t visco, t xenluloz axetat
Mt s loi t thng gp :
Tn gi PTHH iu ch t monome
xt, to, p
nH2N[CH2]5COOH NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2O
Axit -aminocaproic Nilon 6
Nilon 6
(axit 6-aminohexanoic)
(T capron)
CH2 CH2 CH2 xt, to, p
n C=O NH[CH2]5CO n
CH2 CH2 NH
lactam
xt, to, p
nH2N[CH2]6COOH HN[CH2]6CO n + nH2O
Nilon 7
(T enang) Axit -aminoetanoic Nilon 7
(axit 7-aminoheptanoic)
Nilon 6,6
xt, to, p
nNH2[CH2]6NH2 + nHOOC[CH2]4COOH NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n + 2nH2O
hexametyleniamin axit adipic Nilon 6,6
Poli acrilonitrin

(T nitron
hay T olon)
T lapsan poli(etylen terephtalat) (Thuc loi t este)

nHOOC-C6H4-COOH + n HO-CH2-CH2-OH
t0
(-CO-C6H4-COO-CH2-CH2-O-)n + 2n H2O
axit terephtalic etylen glicol poli(etylen terephtalat) t lapsan
3. Cao su:
a. Khi nim: Cao su l loi vt liu polime c tnh n hi
b. Hai loi cao su:
- Cao su thin nhin: t m cao su
xt, to, p CH2 C CH CH2 n
nCH2 C CH CH2
CH3 CH3
2-metylbuta-1,3-dien (isopren) poliisopren (cao su isopren)
- Cao su tng hp
Tn gi PTHH iu ch t monome
Cao su
buna nCH2=CH-CH=CH2
Na, t

0
( CH 2 CH = CH CH 2 )n
buta-1,3-ien (butaien) polibutaien (cao su buna)
Cao su nCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH
o
CH2 t , p, xt CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2 n
buna-S C6H5 C 6 H5
Cao su o
nCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH CH2 t , p, xt CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2
buna-N n
CN CN
* T nilon-6,6 , nilon-7 v nilon - 6: c lin kt amit nn b phn hu trong mi trng axit hoc
kim, nhit .
* T lapsan: c chc este nn b thy phn trong mi trng axit hoc kim, hoc b phn hy bi
nhit


Cu 1. Chn pht biu khng ng: polime ...
A. u c phn t khi ln, do nhiu mt xch lin kt vi nhau.
B. c th c iu ch t phn ng trng hp hay trng ngng.
C. c chia thnh nhiu loi: thin nhin, tng hp, nhn to.
D. u kh bn vi nhit hoc dung dch axit hay baz.
Cu 2. Cho cc hp cht: cht bo, tinh bt, protein, glucoz, t tm, ng knh, xenluloz
triaxetat. C bao nhiu hp cht thuc loi polime ?
A. 5 B.4 C. 3 D. 2
Cu 3. Qu trnh nhiu phn t nh (monome) kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t ln (polime) ng
thi gii phng nhng phn t nh khc c gi l phn ng
A. trao i. B. nhit phn. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng.
Cu 4. Cu to ca monome tham gia c phn ng trng ngng l
A. trong phn t phi c lin kt cha no hoc vng khng bn.
B. tha iu kin v nhit , p sut, xc tc thch hp.
C. c t nht 2 nhm chc c kh nng tham gia phn ng.
D. cc nhm chc trong phn t u c cha lin kt i.
Cu 5. Cho cc monome sau: stiren, toluen, metyl axetat, vinyl axetat, metyl metacrylat, metyl
acrylat, propilen, benzen, axit etanoic, axit -aminocaproic, caprolactam. s monome tham gia phn
ng trng hp l:
A. 5 B.6. C.7 D.8
Cu 6. Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; poli(etylen-
terephtalat); (5) nilon-6 ,6 ; (6 ) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng
l
A. (1), (3), (6). B. (1), (2), (3). c. (1), (3), (5). D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 7. Dy cht no sau y thuc polime thin nhin?
A. PE, PVC, tinh bt,cao su thin nhin B.Tinh bt, xenluloz,cao su thin nhin
C. Capron, nilon-6, PE D.Xenluloz, PE, capron
Cu 8. Dy cht no sau y thuc polime nhn to?
A. PE, PVC, tinh bt, cao su thin nhin B.Tinh bt, xenluloz,cao su thin nhin
C. T visco, t xenluloz axetat D.Xenluloz, PE, capron
Cu 9. T no sau y khng thuc loi t thin nhin?
A. T tm B. Bng C. Len D. T visco
Cu 10. Cho cc polime: polietilen, xenluloz, polipeptit, tinh bt, nilon-6, nilon-6,6, polibutaien.
Dy gm cc polime tng hp l
A. polietilen, xenluloz, nilon-6, nilon-6,6
B. polietilen, polibutaien, nilon-6, nilon-6,6
C. polietilen, tinh bt, nilon-6, nilon-6,6
D. polietilen, xenluloz, nilon-6,6

Cu 11. Cho cc loi t: bng, t capron, t xenluloz axetat, t tm, t nitron, t visco, nilon-6,6.
S t tng hp l
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 5
Cu 12. Polime no sau y l polime thin nhin?
A. cao su buna B. cao su isopren C. amiloz D. nilon-6,6
Cu 13. T gm 2 loi l
A. t ha hc v t tng hp. B. t thin nhin v t nhn to.
C. t ha hc v t thin nhin. D. t tng hp v t nhn to.
Cu 14. Cho cc polime: amiloz (1); cao su isopren (2); xenluloz axetat (3); thy tinh hu c (4);
t tm (5); rezit (6 ). s lng polime thin nhin, tng hp, nhn to (bn tng hp) ln lt l
A. 2; 3; 1. B. 1; 2; 3. C. 2; 2; 2. D.2;l;3.
Cu 15. Cho cc polime: PE (1); amilopectin (2); amilozo (3); cao su lu ha (4); thy tinh hu c
(5); glicogen (6 ); PVC (7). s lng polime c mch phn nhnh l
A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1
Cu 16. Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng ?
A. poliacrilonitrin B. poli(metyl metacrylat)
C. polistiren D. poli(etylen - terephtalat)
Cu 17. Lm th no phn bit c cc dng lm bng da tht v bng da nhn to
(PVC)?
A. t da tht khng cho mi kht, t da nhn to cho mi kht.
B. t da tht cho mi kht v da nhn to khng cho mi kht,
C. t da tht khng chy, da nhn to hy.
D. t da tht chy, da nhn to khng chy.
Cu 18. Polime c cng thc [(-CO-(CH2)4-CO-NH-(CH2)6-NH-]n thuc loi no?
A. Cht do B. T nilon C. Keo dn D. Cao su
Cu 19. T enng l sn phn c iu ch t monome no y?
A. Axit aminoenantoic C. Hexametylendiamin
C. Caprolactam D. Vinylclorua
Cu 20. T no sau y khng thuc loi t poliamit?
A. T enng C. T axetat
C. T capron D. T nilon 6,6
Cu 21. Cho cc t sau: t xenluloz axetat, t capron, t nitron, t visco, t nilon-6 ,6 . C bao nhiu
t thuc loi t poliamit ?
A. 2 B. 1 C.4 D.3
Cu 22. Dy gm nhng polime no sau y u c dng lm cht do ?
A. Poli(vinyl axetat), polietilen, poliacrilonitrin, poli(phenol-fomandehit).
B. poli(phenol-fomandehit), poli(vinyl axetat), poli(vinyl clorua), polietilen.
C. Poli(vinyl axetat), poli(vinyl clorua), poliacrilonitrin, polibutaien.
D. Poli(metyl metacrylat), polietilen, poli(etylen-terephtalat), tinh bt.
Cu 23. T nilon-6,6 c tng hp t phn ng

A. trng hp t caprolactam B. trng ngng gia axit aipic v hexametylen iamin

C. trng ngng t caprolactam D. trng hp gia axit aipic v hexametylen i amin
Cu 24. Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. stiren. B. isopren. C. propen. D. toluen.
Cu 25. Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l:
A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.
C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2.
Cu 26. Polime c tn l polipropilen c cu to mch nh sau:
- CH2- CH(CH3)- CH2- CH(CH3)- CH2- CH(CH3)-CH2- CH(CH3)- CH2-
Cng thc chung ca polime l
A. [-CH2-]n B. [-CH2 CH(CH3)-]n
C. [-CH2CH(CH3)CH2-] D. [-CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH(CH3)CH2-]n
Cu 27. Cc cht u khng b thu phn trong dung dch H2SO4 long nng l:
A. t capron; nilon-6,6; polietilen. B. poli(vinyl axetat); polietilen; cao su buna.
C. nilon-6,6; poli(etylen-terephtalat); polistiren. D. polietilen; cao su buna; polistiren.
Cu 28. Polime dng iu ch thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) l
A. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3.
C. C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
Cu 29. Trong cc polime sau: (1) poli(metyl metacrylat); (2) polistiren; (3) nilon-7; (4) poli(etylen-
terephtalat); (5) nilon-6,6; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), cc polime l sn phm ca phn ng trng ngng
l:
A.(1), (3), (6). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (5). D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 30. Trong cc polime sau y: Bng (1); T tm (2); Len (3); T visco (4); T enan (5); T
axetat (6); T nilon (7); T capron (8) loi no c ngun gc t xenluloz?
A. (1), (3), (7). B. (2), (4), (8). C. (1), (4), (6). D. (3), (5), (7).
Cu 31. Cho cc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) poli(metyl metacrylat), (3) polibutaien, polistiren, (5)
poli(vinyl axetat) v (6 ) t nilon-6 ,6 . Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b thu phn trong
dung dch axit v dung dch kim l
A. (2), (3), (6) B. (2), (5), (6) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (1), (2), (5)
Cu 32. T c sn xut t xenluloz l
A. t tm. B. t capron. C. t nilon-6,6. D. t visco.
Cu 33. T lapsan thuc loi
A. t poliamit. B. t visco. C. t polieste. D. t axetat.
Cu 34. T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng
A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH.
B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH.
C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2.
D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH.
Cu 35. Pht biu sai l
A. Bn cht cu to ho hc ca t tm v len l protit; ca si bng l xenluloz.

B. Bn cht cu to ho hc ca t nilon l poliamit
C. Qun o nilon, len, t tm khng nn git vi x phng c kim cao
D. T nilon, t tm, len rt bn vng vi nhit.
Cu 36. Cho cc polime sau: poli stiren ; cao su isopren ; t axetat ; t capron ;
poli(metyl metacrylat) ; poli(vinyl clorua). Polime s dng sn xut cht do
gm.
A. polistiren ; poliisopren ; poli(metyl metacrylat)
B. polistiren ; xenlulozaxetat ; poli(metyl metacrylat)
C . polistiren ; poli (metyl metacrylat) ; poli(vinyl clorua)
D. polistiren ; xenluloztri axetat ; poli(metyl acrylat).
Cu 37. Cho cc polime: (1) polietilen, (2) poli(metyl metacrylat), (3) polibutaien, (4) polistiren,
(5) poli(vinyl axetat) v (6) t nilon-6,6. Trong cc polime trn, cc polime c th b thu phn
trong dung dch axit v dung dch kim l:
A.(1), (4), (5). B. (1), (2), (5). C. (2), (5), (6). D. (2), (3), (6).
Cu 38. Trong s cc loi t sau: t tm, t visco, t nilon-6,6, t axetat, t capron, t enang, nhng
loi t no thuc loi t nhn to?
A. T tm v t enang. B. T visco v t nilon-6,6.
C. T nilon-6,6 v t capron. D. T visco v t axetat.
Cu 39. Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz men
X ZnO
ru
Y xt,t Cao su Buna. Hai cht X, Y
0 0
,450 C ,p
ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. B. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.
C. CH2CH2OH v CH3-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH=CH2.
Cu 40. Polime c cu trc mng khng gian (mng li) l
A. PE. B. amilopectin. C. PVC. D. nha
bakelit.
Cu 41. Phn t khi trung bnh ca PVC l 750000. H s polime ho ca PVC l
A. 12.000 B. 15.000 C. 24.000 D. 25.000
Cu 42. Phn t khi trung bnh ca polietilen l 420000. H s polime ho ca PE l
A. 12.000 B. 13.000 C. 15.000 D. 17.000
Cu 43. Mt on mch PVC c khong 1000 mt xch. Hy xc nh khi lng
ca on mch .
A. 62500 vC B. 625000 vC C. 125000 vC D.
250000vC.
Cu 44. Khi lng ca mt on mch t nilon-6,6 l 27346 vC v ca mt on mch t capron
l 17176 vC. S lng mt xch trong on mch nilon-6,6 v capron nu trn ln lt l
A. 113 v 152. B. 121 v 114. C. 121 v 152. D. 113 v 114.

Cu 45. hn t khi trung bnh ca cao su thin nhin v thy tinh hu c plexiglat l 36720 v
47300 (vC). S mt xch trung bnh trong cng thc phn t ca mi loi polime trn l
A. 540 v 550 B. 540 v 473 C. 680 v 473 D. 680 v 550
TM TT TNH CHT HA HC CC NHM CHC HU C

-------
Tc nhn Hin
Nhm chc PTHH minh ha
phn ng tng
+ H2
CH2 =CH2
Ni,t 0
CH3-CH3
+ 2H 2
- Lin kt pi: C=C; C C CH CH
Ni,t 0
CH3-CH3
+ 2H 2
H2 (Ni/t0) CH2 = CHCH = CH2
Ni,t 0
C4H10
+ H2
- Andehit: -CHO CH3 - CHO
Ni,t 0
CH3 -CH2-OH
- Xeton : - CO- + H2
CH3-CO-CH3 CH3-CHOH-CH3
Ni,t 0
- Lin kt pi: C=C; C C CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2Br - CH2Br Mt mu da

cam ca
- Andehit: -CHO R-CHO + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr Br2
Dd Br2
Mt mu
- Phenol C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr
Br2,
- Anilin C6H5NH2 + 3Br2 C6H2Br3NH2 + 3HBr
c trng
KMnO4
3CnH2n 3CnH2n(OH)2 + 2MnO2
- Lin kt pi: C=C; C C 3CHCH+8KMnO4 3KOOC-COOK +
Dd Mt mu
8MnO2+2KOH
KMnO4 thuc tm
CH3 COOK
-Toluen v cc ng ng
k tip ca n
HO
+ 2KMnO4
2 + 2MnO2 +KOH+H2O
0
80-100 C
C H linh ng: C kh
- Chc -OH (ancol, phenol) K, Na 2R-OH + 2Na 2R-ONa + H2 thot khi
- Chc -COOH 2RCOOH + 2Na 2RCOONa + H2 dung dch
- Phenol C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O
- Chc -COOH
(axit cacboxylic; R-COOH + KOH RCOOK + H2O
aminoaxit) Dung dch
kim RCOOR + NaOH to
- Este RCOONa + ROH
NaOH;
CH3NH3Cl
+ NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl +
- Mui ca amoni KOH
H2O
RCO-NHR + NaOH R-COONa + NH2
- Peptit
R
- Amin R - NH2 + HCl R - NH3Cl

- Aminoaxit HOOC-R - NH2 + HCl HOOC-R-NH3Cl
- Mui ca axit cacboxylic Dd axit RCOONH4+ HCl RCOOH + NH4Cl
long +H
RCOOH + ROH
+
- Este RCOOR + HOH

to
HCl,
+ HCl + H 2O
- Peptit (A.A)n n ClNH3-R-COOH P thy
H2SO4 to
C12H22O11 + H2O
+ o phn
xt H ,t
2C6H12O6
- isaccarit, polisacarit + o
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O
xt H ,t
n C6H12O6
HC CH
AgNO3 /NH3
Ag - C C - Ag
- Ank-1-in
CH C-CH2OH
AgNO3 /NH3
vng
Hoc c CC u mch
CAgCCH2OH
AgNO /NH
Dung dch R-CH=O 3
to
3
R-COONH4 + 2Ag
- Chc andehit -CHO AgNO3 / AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t o
RCOO-CH=CHR 2Ag
NH3 P trng
HCOO-R
AgNO3 / NH 3
to
2Ag bc (trng
- Este fomat, mui fomat gng)
HCOONH4
AgNO3 /NH 3
to
2Ag
o
- Gluco, Fructo, Manto C6H12O6
AgNO3 /NH 3 ,t
2Ag
- C 2 chc - OH lin k 2C2H4(OH)2
Cu(OH )2
[C2H4(OH)O]2Cu
(Poliancol, Gluco, Fructo,
Dd phc xanh lam
Sacca, Manto) Cu(OH)2
- T Tripeptit tr ln P to phc
nhit To phc cht mu tm (P mu biur)
(C t 2 lk peptit) thng cht
- Chc -COOH
2R-COOH + Cu(OH)2 (RCOO)2Cu +
(axit cacboxylic,
2H2O
aminoaxit)
Cu(OH)2 -CHO -COONa+Cu2O
Cu(OH ) /NaOH
2
to
- Chc andehit -CHO gch
un nng +2H2O
- Chc -COOH Mui
-COOH + HCO 3- -COO- + CO2 + H2O
2-
(axit cacboxylic, CO ;3
2-COOH + CO32- 2-COO- + CO2 + H2O
aminoaxit) HCO -
3
xt, to, p
nCH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 n
- C lin kt pi, mch h Trng hp
etilen polietilen(PE)
To polime
- Trong phn t c 2 nhm Trng
chc tr ln ngng

CHNG 5: I CNG KIM LOI
A. KIN THC CN NM
I. V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH. CU TO CA KIM LOI
1. V tr ca kim loi:
- Nhm IA (tr H); nhm IIA; nhm IIIA (tr B) , nhm B v h Lantan v Actini.
2. Cu to ca kim loi:
- Cu to nguyn t:
+ Hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi c t electron lp ngoi cng (1,2 hoc 3).
+ Trong cng chu k, nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi c bn knh nguyn t ln hn v
in tch ht nhn nh hn so vi nguyn t ca nguyn t phi kim.
- Cu to tinh th:
+ Mng tinh th lc phng. V d: Be, Mg, Zn,
+ Mng tinh th lp phng tm din. V d: Cu, Ag, Al,
+ Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi ( km c kht nht). V d: Li, Na, K,
3. Lin kt kim loi: L lin kt c hnh thnh do lc ht tnh in gia cc ion dng kim loi
v cc electron t do.
II. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI. DY IN HO CA KIM LOI .
1. TNH CHT VT L CHUNG:
iu kin thng cc kim loi trng thi rn (tr Hg,) c tnh do, dn in, dn nhit v c
nh kim. Nguyn nhn tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc e t do
trong mng tinh th kim loi .
2. TNH CHT VT L RING:
Kim loi khc nhau c khi lng ring, nhit nng chy v tnh cng khc nhau.
V D: - Kim loi c khi lng ring ln nht l: Os
- Kim loi c khi lng ring nh nht l: Li
- Kim loi c nhit nng chy cao nht l: W
- Kim loi c nhit nng chy thp nht l: Hg
- Kim loi c tnh cng ln nht l: Cr
- Kim loi c tnh cng nh nht l: Cs
3. TNH CHT HO HC:
Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh: M Mn+ + ne
- Tc dng vi phi kim:
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 ; 3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4 ;
0 0
t t
Fe + S FeS; Hg + S HgS ;
0
t
- Tc dng vi dung dch axit:

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 (l) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
3Cu + 8HNO3 long 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
Cu + 2H2SO4 c CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
* Ch : - Al, Fe, Cr, b HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui lm th ng ha.
- Kim loi c nhiu s oxi ha b HNO3, H2SO4 c oxi ha n s oxi ha cao nht.

- Tc dng vi nc:
Ch c cc kim loi nhm IAv IIA, tr Be, Mg) kh H 2O nhit thng, cc kim loi cn
li kh c H2O nhit cao hoc khng kh c.
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
Kim loi l cht kh (b oxi ha). Nc l cht oxi ha (b kh)
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Fe cht kh (b oxi ha), Cu2+ cht oxh (b kh)
II. DY IN HO KIM LOI

- Dy in ha ca kim loi:
Li K+ Ba2+ Ca2+ Na+ Mg2+Al3+ Mn2+Zn2+ Cr2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Hg2+ Ag+ Pt2+ Au3+
+
Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Fe2+ Hg Ag Pt Au
Tnh oxi ha ca ion kim loi tng, tnh kh ca kim loi gim
- So snh tnh cht cp oxi ha kh
So snh tnh cht gia cc cp oxi ha kh: Ag+ /Ag v Cu2+/Cu, Zn2+/Zn, nhn thy:
Tnh oxh cc ion: Ag+> Cu2+> Zn2+
Tnh kh: Zn > Cu > Ag
- ngha dy in ha: Cho php d on chiu phn ng gia 2 cp oxh kh theo qui tc
cht oxh mnh + cht kh mnh cht oxh yu + cht kh yu .
Zn2+ Cu2+

Zn Cu Zn + Cu2+ Zn2++ Cu
Hg22+ Ag+

Hg Ag Hg + 2Ag+ Hg2++ 2Ag
IV . HP KIM:
- KHI NIM: Hp kim l vt liu gm mt kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim
khc.
VD: Thp, gang, inox, hp kim uyra, . ..
- TNH CHT: Hp kim c nhiu tnh cht ha hc tng t tnh cht ca cc n cht tham
gia to thnh hp kim, nhng tnh cht vt l v tnh cht c hc ca hp kim li khc nhiu tnh
cht cc n cht.
V. S N MN KIM LOI
1. S n mn kim loi
- Khi nim chung: n mn kim loi l s ph hy kim loi hay hp kim do tc dng ca cc
cht trong mi trng.
- Bn cht ca s n mn kim loi l s oxi ha kim loi thnh ion kim loi:
M Mn+ +ne
2. Phn loi:
n mn ha hc v n mn in ha.
a. n mn ha hc:

- n mn ha hc l qu trnh oxi ho kh, trong cc electron ca kim loi c chuyn

trc tip n cc cht trong mi trng.
- c im :
+ Khng pht sinh dng in.
+ Nhit cng cao th tc n mn cng nhanh.
b. n mn in ha:
- n mn in ha l qu trnh oxi ha kh, trong kim loi b n mn do tc dng ca dung
dch cht in li v to nn dng in.
- C ch
* Kim loi hot ng mnh hn ng vai tr l cc m (anot). y xy ra qu trnh oxi
ha
M Mn+ + ne
* Kim loi hot ng yu hn hoc phi kim ng vai tr l cc dng (catot). y xy ra
qu trnh kh:
2H+ + 2e H2 hoc O2 + 2H2O + 4e 4OH-
* Dng in chuyn di t cc m sang dng.
- iu kin c n mn in ha:
* Cc in cc phi khc nhau v bn cht.
* Cc in cc phi tip xc trc tip hoc gin tip vi nhau.
* Cc in cc phi cng tip xc vi dd cht in li.
3. Cch chng n mn kim loi:
a. Nguyn tc chung: Hn ch hay trit tiu nh hng ca mi trng i vi kim loi.
b. Phng php:
- Phng php bo v b mt: Dng cc cht bn vi mi trng ph ln b mt kim loi
- Dng phng php in ho
Nguyn tc: Gn kim loi c tnh kh mnh vi kim loi cn c bo v (c tnh kh yu
hn).
VI. IU CH KIM LOI:
1. Nguyn tc:
Kh ion kim loi thnh nguyn t: Mn+ + ne M
2. Phng php:
a. Phng php nhit luyn:
Dng cc cht kh nh CO, H2, C, Al, kh cc ion kim loi trong oxit nhit cao.
0
Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

t
Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi c hot ng trung bnh (sau Al)
b. Phng php thy luyn:
Dng kim loi t do c tnh kh mnh hn kh ion kim loi trong dung dch mui.
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi hot ng yu (sau H)
c. Phng php in phn:
* in phn hp cht nng chy: Dng dng in kh ion kim loi trong hp cht nng chy
(oxit, hidroxit, mui halogen)
dpnc
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2
4NaOH
dpnc
4Na + O2 + 2H2O
Phng php ny dng iu ch kim loi c hot ng mnh (t u n Al)
* in phn dung dch: Dng dng in kh ion trong dung dch mui.
CuCl2
dpdd
Cu + Cl2
CuSO4 + H2O dpdd
Cu + 1/2O2+ H2SO4
Phng php ny dng iu ch cc kim loi trung bnh, yu (sau Al).
* Tnh lng cht thu c cc in cc:
m = A.I.t/(n.F)
m: Khi lng cht thot ra in cc (gam)
A: Khi lng mol ca cht
n: S electron trao i.
t: Thi gian in phn (giy, s)
I: Cng dng in (ampe, A)
F: S Faraday (F = 96500).

Cu 1. Nguyn t ca hu ht kim loi c s electron lp ngoi cng l:
A. 1,2,6 B. 1,2,5 C. 1,4,6 D. 1,2,3
Cu 2. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca nguyn t kim loi ?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p4. B. 1s22s22p63s23p5. C. 1s22s22p63s1. D. 1s22s22p6.
Cu 3. Cho Na (Z=11). Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na l:
A. 1s22s22p63s33p5. B. 1s22s22p63s1. C. 1s22s32p6. D. 1s22s22p53s3.
Cu 4. Cation M+ c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p6. Vy M l nguyn t:
A. chu k 3, nhm IIA B. chu k 3, nhm VIA
C. chu k 4, nhm IIIA D. chu k 4, nhm IIA.
Cu 5. Fe c Z =26. Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6.
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
Cu 6. Cu hnh electron ca cation R2+ c phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Nguyn t R l:
A. Al. B. Ca. C. Mg. D. Na.
Cu 7. Nguyn t M th 24, chu k 4, nhm VIB. Cu hnh electron ca ion M2+ l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d4
Cu 8. Dy cc kim loi c kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi:
A. Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ba B. Na, K, Ca, Cs, Ba C. Mg, K, Rb, Cs, Ba D. Na, K, Rb, Be, Ba
Cu 9. Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt cc kim loi ?
A. Vng B. bc C. ng D. nhm
Cu 10. Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. bc B. vng C. nhm D. ng

Cu 11. Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht btrong tt c cc kim loi ?

A. W B. Cr C. Fe D. Cu
Cu 12. Kim loi no sau y mm nht trong s tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Li B. Cs C. Na D. K
Cu 13. Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi ?
A. W B. Fe C. Cu D. Zn
Cu 14. Kim loi no sau y nh nht trong s tt c cc kim loi ?
A. Li B. Na C. K D. Rb
Cu 15. Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy thp nht?
A. Sn B. Hg C. Pb D. Al
Cu 16. Kim loi c cc tnh cht vt l chung l:
A. Tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit, nh kim.
B. Tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit, nh kim, tnh n hi.
C. Tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh kh nng chy, nh kim.
D. Tnh do, tnh dn in, tnh dn nhit, tnh cng.
Cu 17. Nhng tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi (dn in, dn nhit, do, nh kim) gy nn ch
yu bi:
A. cu to mng tinh th ca kim loi B. khi lng ring ca kim loi
C. cc e t do trong mng tinh th D. Kim loi th rn
Cu 18. Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l tnh kh v:
A. nguyn t kim loi thng c 5, 6, 7 electron lp ngoi cng
B. nguyn t kim loi c nng lng ion ha nh
C. kim loi c xu hng nhn thm electron t n cu trc bn
D. nguyn t kim loi c m in ln.
Cu 19. Kim loi no sau y c th y Fe ra khi dung dch mui Fe(NO3)2 ?
A. Ni B. Sn C. Zn D. Cu
Cu 20. Cp kim loi no sau y th ng trong axit HNO3 c, ngui?
A. Mg, Fe B. Al, Ca. C. Al, Fe. D. Zn, Al
Cu 21. Cho Na kim loi lng d vo dung dch CuCl2 s thu c kt ta l:
A. Cu(OH)2 B. CuCl C. Cu D. Tt c u ng.
Cu 22. Cho Ba kim loi lng d vo dung dch FeSO4 s thu c kt ta l:
A. Fe(OH)2 B. BaSO4 C. Fe D. Fe(OH)2 v BaSO4
Cu 23. kim loi tan c trong c axit HCl v dung dch NaOH l:
A. Mg B. Al C. Fe D. Cu
Cu 24. Cho st phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu , dd X
v Fe cn d. Trong dd X cha:
A. Fe(NO3)3 B. Fe(NO3)2, Fe d C. Fe(NO3)2 D. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2
Cu 25. Dy cc kim loi c xp theo th t tnh kh tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. Al , Mg , Fe B. Fe , Al , Mg C. Fe , Mg , Al D. Mg , Fe , Al
Cu 26. Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X cha:
A. Fe(NO3)3 B. Fe(NO3)2 C. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3 D. Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3 d

Cu 27. Cht no sau y c th oxi ho Fe2+ thnh Fe3+.
A. Mg B. AgNO3. C. KNO3. D. CuSO4.
Cu 28. Phng trnh phn ng ho hc sai l:
A. Al + 3Ag+ Al3+ + Ag. B. Zn + Pb2+ Zn2+ + Pb.
C. Cu + Fe2+ Cu2+ + Fe. D. Cu + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2+ + Cu2+.
Cu 29. Cho cc dung dch long: (1) FeCl3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4, (4) HNO3, (5) hn hp gm
HCl v NaNO3. Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (5) C. (1), (4), (5) D. (1), (3), (4)
Cu 30. Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 31. Bt Ag c ln tp cht l bt Cu v bt Fe. Dng ho cht no sau y c th loi b c
tp cht:
A. Dung dch FeCl3. B. Dung dch AgNO3. C. Dung dch FeCl2. D. Dung dch CuCl2.
Cu 32. Dung dch Cu(NO3)3 c ln tp cht AgNO3. Cht no sau y c th loi b c tp cht:
A. Bt Fe d, lc. B. Bt Cu d, lc. C. Bt Ag d, lc. D. Bt Al d, lc.
Cu 33. Dung dch MgSO4 c ln tp cht CuSO4. Cht no sau y c th loi b c tp cht:
A. Bt Mg d, lc. B. Bt Cu d, lc. C. Bt Al d, lc. D. Bt Fe d, lc.
Cu 34. Cho phn ng: aFe + bHNO 3 cFe(NO3)3 + dNO2 + eH2O. Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l
nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Tng (a + b) bng:
A. 7 B. 5 C. 8 D. 6
Cu 35. Cho phn ng: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NH4NO3 + H2O. Cc h s l nhng s nguyn,
n gin nht. S phn t HNO3 b kh l:
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 8
Cu 36. Cho 4 dung dch mui: Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3. Kim loi no sau y tc
dng c vi c 4 dung dch mui trn ?
A. Zn B. Fe C. Cu D. Pb
Cu 37. Trong s cc kim loi Na , Mg , Al , Fe. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l:
A. Na B. Fe C. Al D. Mg
Cu 38. Thy ngn d bay hi v rt c. Nu chng may nhit k thy ngn b v th dng cht
no sau y kh c thy ngn ?
A. bt st B. bt lu hunh C. bt than D. nc
Cu 39. Chn cu tr li ng nht:
A. An mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi do kim loi tip xc vi dung dch axit to ra dng
in.
B. S n mn kim loi l s ph hu kim loi bi cht kh hay hi nc nhit cao.
C. Tt c u ng.
D. S ph hu kim loi hay hp kim di dng ha hc ca mi trng xung quanh gi l s
n mn kim loi.
Cu 40. Loi phn ng ha hc no x.ra trong s n mn in ha:

A. Phn ng th B. Phn ng phn hy
C. Phn ng oxi ha kh D. Phn ng ha hp
Cu 41. V bn cht im ging nhau gia n mn in ha v n mn ha hc l:
A. Qu trnh oxi ha kh B. Qu trnh n mn kim loi
C. n mn phi kim D. Ch c qu trnh vt l x.ra
Cu 42. Cht no sau y trong kh quyn khng tham gia to ra s n mn ha hc l:
A. O2 B. CO2 C. H2O D. N2
Cu 43. Trong s n mn tm tn (l st trng km) khi ngoi khng kh m th:
A. St b n mn, km c bo v. B. Km b kh, st b oxi ho.
C. Km l cc m, st l cc dng. D. St b kh, km b oxi ho.
Cu 44. bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn chm di
nc) nhng tm kim loi:
A. Pb B. Sn C. Zn D. Cu
Cu 45. Trong khng kh m, vt lm bng cht liu g di y s xy ra hin tng st b n mn
in ho?
A. St ty ( st trng thic). B. St nguyn cht.
C. Hp kim gm Al v Fe. D. Tn ( st trng km).
Cu 46. Tin hnh bn th nghim sau:
- Th nghim 1: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch FeCl3;
- Th nghim 2: Nhng thanh Fe vo dung dch CuSO4;
- Th nghim 3: Nhng thanh Cu vo dung dch FeCl3;
- Th nghim 4: Cho thanh Fe tip xc vi thanh Cu ri nhng vo dung dch HCl. S trng
hp xut hin n mn in ho l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 47. Lin kt trong hp kim l lin kt:
A. kim loi v cng ho tr. B. ion.
C. cng ho tr. D. kim loi.
Cu 48. Hp kim l:
A. Cht rn thu c khi trn ln cc kim loi vi nhau.
B. L cht rn thu c khi trn ln kim loi vi phi kim.
D. L cht rn thu c sau khi nung nng chy hn hp cc k.loi khc nhau hoc hhp k.loi
vi phi kim.
C. Tt c u sai.
Cu 49. M l kim loi. Phng trnh sau y: Mn+ + ne = M biu din:
A. Nguyn tc iu ch kim loi. B. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi.
C. S kh ca kim loi. D. S oxi ho ion kim loi.
Cu 50. Thi kh Hidro d i qua hn hp rn X gm: CuO, Al 2O3, CaO, Fe2O3. Sau khi phn ng
kt thc th thu c hn hp rn Y. Cc cht trong rn Y l:
A. Cu, Al2O3, CaO, Fe B. Cu, Al, CaO, Fe
C. Cu, Al, Ca, Fe D. Cu, Al, CaO, Fe2O3

Cu 51. Kim loi khng th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l:
A. Zn B. Al C. Cu D. Fe
Cu 52. Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al 2O3 v MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c cht rn gm:
A. Cu , Al , Mg B. Cu , Al , MgO C. Cu , Al2O3 , Mg D. Cu , Al2O3 , MgO
Cu 53. Ngm mt l st vo cc dung dch mui sau: FeCl3, Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3, MgCl2, ZnSO4,
NaCl. Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. FeCl3, Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3. B. MgCl2, ZnSO4, NaCl
C. FeCl3, AgNO3, ZnSO4. D. Cu(NO3)2, MgCl2, NaCl.
Cu 54. Kim loi M ho tan c trong cc dung dch sau: HNO 3 c ngui, HCl, FeCl3, Cu(NO3)2.
Vy kim loi M l
A. Al B. Fe C. Zn D. Cu
C. BI TP TON (VN DNG - VN DNG CAO)

DNG 1: KIM LOI TC DNG VI H2O, AXIT
Cu 55. Ho tan hon ton 3,9 gam kali vo 36,2 gam nc thu c dung dch c nng
A. 15,47%. B. 13,97%. C. 14,0% D. 4,04%.
Cu 56. Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt dch H2SO4 long,
thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
Cu 57. Cho 3,68 gam hn hp gm Al v Zn tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch H 2SO4
10%, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng dung dch thu c sau phn ng l
A.101,68 gam. B. 88,20 gam. C. 101,48 gam. D. 97,80 gam.
Cu 58. Ha tan hon ton 2,81g hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 50 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M
long va . Sau phn ng thu c hn hp mui khan l
A. 3,81g B. 6,81g C. 5,81g D. 4,8g
Cu 59. Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O 2, n khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng vi cht rn X l
A.400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
Cu 60. Cho 4,5 gam hn hp X gm Na, Ca v Mg phn ng ht vi O 2 d thu c 6,9 gam hn
hp Y gm 3 oxit. Cho Y phn ng va vi V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,60. B.0,12. C.0,15. D.0,30.
Cu 61. Ho tan hon ton m gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh NO v
NO2 (ktc) c t khi hi i vi H2 l 16,6. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,32. B. 3,90. C. 4,16. D. 6,40.
Cu 62. Ho tan hon ton 3 gam hp kim Cu Ag trong dung dch HNO 3 c, ngi ta thu c
1,568 lit kh mu nu duy nht (ktc). Thnh phn % khi lng ca Cu v Ag ln lt l:
A. 63; 37. B. 36; 64. C. 64; 36. D. 40; 60.
Cu 63. Ho tan 19,2 gam Cu trong axit H2SO4 c, nng th th tch kh SO2 (ktc) thu c l:

A. 4,48 lit. B. 2,24 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 5,60 lit.

Cu 64. Cho 4,875 g mt kim loi M ha tr II tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO 3 long thu c
1,12 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Kim loi M l:
A. Zn B. Mg C. Ni D. Cu
Cu 65. Cho 1,68 gam bt Mg tc dng va vi 500ml dung dch HNO 3 xM. Sau phn ng thu
c dung dch Y v 0,448 lt kh NO duy nht. Ga tr ca x v khi lng mui to thnh trong
dung dch Y ln lt l
A. 0,36M v 18,36 gam B. 0,36M v 11,16 gam
C. 0,34M v 18,36 gam D. 0,34M v 11,16 gam
Cu 66. Ha tan hon ton 13,00 gam Zn trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch X v
0,448 lt kh N2 (ktc). Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l
Cu 67. Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c dung dch X
v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N 2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh
H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98.
DNG 2: KIM LOI TC DNG VI MUI
Cu 68. Cho hn hp ( dng bt ) gm 5,6 gam Fe v 4,8 gam Mg vo 680ml dung dch AgNO 3
1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c rn kim loi Y. Thnh phn mol mi cht trong Y l:
A. Ag ( 0,6) B. Ag ( 0,4), Fe ( 0,1)
C. Ag ( 0,68) D. Ag ( 0,6), Fe ( 0,02)
Cu 69. Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO 3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2
0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2,80. B. 4,08. C. 2,16. D. 0,64.
Cu 70. Cho mt hn hp gm 0,56 gam Fe v 0,64 gam Cu vo 100ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,45M.
Khi kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X . Nng mol/lt ca dung dch Fe(NO3)2 trong X l:
A. 0,04 B. 0,05. C. 0,055. D. 0,045.
Cu 71. Cho 0,1 mol Fe vo dung dch cha 0,28 mol AgNO 3. Sau khi phn ng hon ton thu
c dung dch M c thnh phn mol:
A. Fe3+ ( 0,28/3) B. Fe2+ (0,1), Ag+ (0,08)
C. Fe2+ (0,1), Fe3+ (0,08) D. Fe2+ (0,02), Fe3+ (0,08)
Cu 72. Ha tan 5,6 gam bt kim loi Fe vo 400 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M. Sau khi phn ng hon
ton thy c m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr m l
A. 32,4g B. 43,2g C. 39,9g D. 21,6g
Cu 73. Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 2,16. B. 5,04. C. 4,32. D. 2,88.
Cu 74. Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo dung dch cha 0,2
mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,40 B. 16,53 C. 12,00 D. 12,80
DNG 3: IU CH KIM LOI

Cu 1. Kh hon ton a gam FexOy bng kh CO nhit cao thu c 6,72 gam st v 7,04 gam
kh CO2. Cng thc ha hc ca FexOy l:
A. FeO B. Fe2O3 C. Fe3O4 D. Khng tm c
Cu 2. em 8 gam mt oxit kim kh hon ton bng kh CO thu c 3,36 lt CO 2 ktc. Lng
kim loi sinh ra cho vo dung dch HCl ( d) thy thot ra 2,24 lt H2 ktc. Cng thc oxit l
A. FeO B. Fe3O4 C. Fe2O3 D. ZnO
Cu 3. in phn 100ml dd CuSO4 0,1 M cho n khi catot bt u xut hin bt kh th ngng
in phn. Xem th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k, pH ca dung dch sau in phn l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 1,3 D. 0,7
Cu 4. Tin hnh in phn 150ml dung dch CuSO4 1M vi hai in cc tr, sau mt thi gian,
khi ngng in phn thy khi lng dd gim 8 gam. S mol CuSO4 cn d sau phn ng l :
A. 0,05mol B. 0,1 mol C. 0,09 mol D. 0,07 mol
Cu 5. in phn dd CuSO4 vi 2 in cc tr vi I= 9,65 A. Khi c hai in cc u c 1,12 lt kh
thot ra(ktc) th ngng in phn. Thi gian in phn l:
A. 500s B. 1000s C. 2000s D. 2500s

CHNG 6: KIM LOI KIM - KIM TH - NHM
A. KIN THC CN NM
KIM LOI KIM
I. V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH ELECTRON:

- V tr: thuc nhm IA, gm cc nguyn t: 3Li, 11Na , 19K, Cs, Fr
- Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng: ns1
Li (Z=3) 1s22s1 hay [He]2s1
Na (Z=11) 1s22s22p63s1 hay [Ne]3s1
K (Z=19) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 hay [Ar]4s1
II. TNH CHT VT L TRNG THI T NHIN.
- Cc kim loi kim iu c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi, l kiu mng tinh th km c
kht.
- Cc kim loi kim c bn knh nguyn t ln hn cc kim loi cng chu k.
- Trong nhm t Li n Cs BKNT tng dn.
- Do c lin kt kim loi kh yu nn cc kim loi kim c nng chy chy thp, cng nh,
khi lng ring nh (i t Li n Cs, cc tnh cht ny gim dn).
- Do c tnh kh mnh (d chuyn thnh ion) nn trong t nhin cc kim loi kim ch tn ti
dng hp cht.
III. TNH CHT HA HC
- Cc kim loi kim c nng lng ion ho thp nn c tnh kh mnh: R R+ + 1e
1. Tc dng vi phi kim:
4Na + O2 2Na2O
o
2Na + Cl2
t
2NaCl
2. Tc dng vi axit (HCl , H2SO4 long):
2Na + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2
Phng trnh ion tng qut:
2M + 2H+ 2M+ + H2
3. Tc dng vi nc: to dung dch kim v H2
2Na + 2H-OH 2NaOH + H2
*Ch : n OH - = n H = 2.n H 2 ; nkim loi kim = n OH -
Bo ton mol e: 1.nkim loi kim = 2. n H 2

Cc kim loi kim c bo qun bng cch ngm trong du ho.
IV. IU CH

a. Nguyn tc: kh ion kim loi kim thnh nguyn t kim loi : R+ + 1e R
b. Phng php: in phn nng chy mui halogen hoc hidroxit ca chng.
2RCl pnc
2R + Cl2

4ROH pnc
4R + 2H2O + O2

Th d: iu ch Na bng cch in phn nng chy NaCl v NaOH
2NaCl pnc
2Na + Cl2

4NaOH pnc
4Na + 2H2O + O2

V. ng dng
- Kali v natri c dng lm cht trao i nhit trong l phn ng ht nhn.
- Xesi dng lm t bo quang in.
MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM:

1. NaOH
- NaOH l cht rn khng mu, tan nhiu trong nc, khi tan trong nc n phn li hon ton
thnh ion:
NaOH Na+ + OH- ( n OH - = n NaOH )
- NaOH l baz mnh, tc dng vi axit, oxit axit, hidroxit lng tnh v mt s dung dch
mui, kim loi.
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O ( OH- + H+ H2O )
CO2 + 2NaOHd Na2CO3 + H2O ( CO2 + 2OH- CO32- + H2O)
CO2 (d) + NaOH NaHCO3 ( CO2 + OH- HCO3- )
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2
Zn + 2NaOH Na2ZnO2 + H2
- iu ch: in phn dung dch NaCl (c mng ngn).
NaCl + H2O
dpdd
coman nga
n 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
2. NaHCO3
- Ion HCO3- c tnh lng tnh , to mi trng pH > 7 v d b phn hy do nhit nn NaHCO 3
c cc tnh cht sau:
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O (2HCO3- CO32-
+ CO2 +H2O)
o o

t

t
NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O ( HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O )

2NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 Na2CO3 + CaCO3 + 2H2O
( HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O )
- NaHCO3 c dng lm thuc tr au d dy, nc gii kht,...
2. Na2CO3
Dung dch Na2CO3 c mi trng kim (pH > 7), khng b nhit phn khi un nng.
+ T/d vi dung dch axit mnh: Khi cho t t dd H + vo dd Na2CO3 th ln lt xy ra cc
phn ng theo th t sau:
Na2CO3 + HCl NaHCO3 + NaCl

Sau : NaHCO3 + HCl(d) NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Phng trnh ion rt gn: CO32- + H+ HCO3-
HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O
+ T/d vi dd mui v baz:
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 2NaOH + CaCO3 (Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 )
Na2CO3 + Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3 (Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 )
3Na2CO3 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3 + CO2 + 6NaCl
3Na2CO3 + 2FeCl3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + CO2 + 6NaCl
3. KNO3
D b nhit phn: 2KNO3
to
2KNO2 + O2
* Lu :
Ion NO3- trong mi trng axit (H+) c tnh oxi ho mnh (tng t HNO3).
Hn hp rn gm KNO3 + C + S gi l thuc n en.
2KNO3 + S + 3C K2S + N2 + 3CO2
KIM LOI KIM TH
I. V TR CU HNH ELECTRON
- Thuc nhm IIA, gm c: 4Be, 12Mg, 20Ca, 38Sr, 56Ba, 88Ra . u c 2e lp ngoi cng
- Cu hnh electron: Be (Z=4) 1s22s2 hay [He]2s2
Mg (Z=12) 1s22s22p63s2 hay [Ne]3s2
Ca (Z= 20) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 hay [Ar]4s2
II. TNH CHT VT L
- C nhit nng chy, nhit si, tnh cng cao hn kim loi kim nhng vn tng i
thp.
- Mng tinh th: Be, Mg : mng lc phng Ba: mng lp phng tm khi.
Ca, Sr : mng lp phng tm din
III. TNH CHT HO HC
C tnh kh mnh (nhng yu hn kim loi kim): R R2+ + 2e
o
Ca + Cl2
t
CaCl2
o
2Mg + O2
t
2MgO
2. Tc dng vi axit:
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2

4Mg + 10HNO3 (l) 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O

Mg + 2H2SO4 (.nng) MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
* Ch : Khi Mg tc dng dd HNO 3 long, ngoi to sn phm kh N 2, N2O, NO. Phn ng cn d
dng to sp kh l mui amoni NH4+.
3. Tc dng vi H2O:
nhit thng, Be khng p, Mg p chm (xem nh khng phn ng); Ca, Ba, Sr phn ng
mnh lit sinh H2 .
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
Tng qut : M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2
IV. IU CH : in phn nng chy mui halogenua
dpnc
CaCl2 Ca + Cl2
dpnc
Tng qut : MX2
M + X2
V. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA CANXI
1. CaO ( Vi sng, vi nung)
CaO l mt oxi baz mnh
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O
CaO + CO2 CaCO3
2. Ca(OH)2 (dng rn gi l vi ti, dng huyn ph gi l sa vi, dng dung dch gi l
nc vi trong)
- T/d vi axit, oxit axit : Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl CaCl2 + 2H2O
*Ch : Khi dn CO2 t t n d vo dd Ca(OH)2 th xy ra cc phn ng sau:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + 2H2O (1)
CaCO3 (r) + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
Hin tng: C kt ta trng to thnh, sau kt ta t t tan ra.
- T/d vi dd mui:
Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaOH (Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 )
Ca(OH)2 + 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CaCO3 + 2H2O
(Ca2+ + HCO3- + OH- CaCO3 )
3. CaCO3 ( vi)
- T/d vi axit: CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
- Tan trong nc c CO2:CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 (Hin tng xm thc vi)
o
- B nhit phn khi un nng: CaCO3
t
CaO + H2O
4. Ca(HCO3)2
- Ion HCO3- c tnh lng tnh v d b phn hy do nhit nn Ca(HCO 3)2 c cc tnh cht sau:
B phn hy khi un nng nh; Tc dng vi axit; dung dch baz; dung dch mui:

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O (Hin tng to thch nh)

o

t
Ca(HCO3) + HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O ( HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O )

Ca(HCO3)2 + Ba(OH)2 CaCO3 + BaCO3 + 2H2O
Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3
5. CaSO4
- Thch cao sng: CaSO4 .2H2O
- Thch cao nung: 2CaSO4.H2O hay CaSO4.0,5H2O
- Thch cao khan: CaSO4
NC CNG V CCH LM MM NC CNG
I. NH NGHA
Nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ gi l nc cng (nc khng cha hoc cha t Ca2+, Mg2+
gi l nc mm)
II. PHN LOI
-Nc cng tm thi l nc - Nc cng vnh cu l nc - Nc cng ton phn l
cng cha ion Ca2+, Mg2+, cng cha ion Ca2+, Mg2+ , Cl- nc cng cha ng thi ion
HCO3- hoc SO42- Ca2+, Mg2+ , HCO3-, Cl- hoc
2-
Th d: Ca(HCO3)2 , Th d: CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, SO4 (bao gm nc cng tm
Mg(HCO3)2 MgSO4 thi v nc cng vnh cu)
Th d: CaCl2, Mg(HCO3)2
III. LM MM NC CNG
1. Nguyn tc: Gim nng cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ trong nc cng, bng cch chuyn
nhng ion t do ny vo hp cht khng tan hoc thay th chng bng nhng cation khc
2. Phng php lm mm nc cng
- Lm mm tnh cng tm thi:
t0
+ un si: Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
t0
Mg(HCO3)2
MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
+ Dng Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3 hoc Na3PO4
Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
- Lm mm tnh cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng Na2CO3 hoc Na3PO4
Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3
3MgCl2 + 2Na3PO4 Mg3(PO4)2 + 6NaCl
Phng trnh ion:
M2+ + CO32- MCO3
M2+ + PO43- M3(PO4)2

NHM
I. V TR V CU TO
- Nhm c s hiu nguyn t 13, thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA, chu k 3 BTH
- Cu hnh e 13 Al : 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 .
Al3+ : 1s22s22p6
13
II. TNH CHT VT L

- Nhm l kim loi ph bin nht trong v tri t. C mu trng bc, mm, d ko si v dt
mng, nh (2,7g/cm3), t0nc = 6600C, dn in v nhit tt. C kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm
din.
III. TNH CHT HA HC
Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh sau kim loi kim v kim th.
Al Al3+ + 3e
1. TC DNG VI PHI KIM Tc dng trc tip v mnh vi nhiu phi kim nh: O2, Cl2, S,
o
2Al + 3Cl2
t
2AlCl3
o
2Al + 3S
t
Al2S3
2. Tc dng vi axit
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 3H2SO4 (long) Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Al + 6HNO3 (c, nng) Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
0 +5 +3 -3
8 Al + 30 H N O3 loang 8 Al(NO 3 ) 3 + 3 N H 4 NO3 + 9 H2O
0 +5 +3 +1
8 Al + 30 H N O3 loang 8 Al(NO 3 ) 3 + 3 N 2 O + 15 H2O
2Al + 6H2SO4 c, nng Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O

* Lu :
+ Khi Al tc dng dd HNO3 long, ion NO3- d dng b kh to mui amoni NH4+.
+ Al khng tc dng vi HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui.
3. Tc dng vi oxit kim loi sau nhm (phn ng nhit nhm)
- nhit cao Al kh c nhiu oxit ca kim loi trung bnh, yu thnh kim loi
o
Cr2O3 + 2Al
t
Al2O3 + 2Cr
o
3Fe3O4 + 8Al
t
4Al2O3 + 9Fe
4. Tc dng vi nc.
2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2

Sn phm Al(OH)3 sinh ra dng keo s bao bc ly l nhm, lm nhm khng tip xc vi
nc nn phn ng trn lp tc ngng li. Mt khc nhng vt bng nhm c ph mng Al 2O3 rt
mng, mn, bn nn khng cho nc v kh thm qua. Nn xem nh Al khng phn ng vi nc
5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim.
Nhm tan trong dung dch kim :
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 (dd) + 3H2 (2Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3H2 )
Hin tng trn c gii thch nh sau:
- Ban u mng bo v Al2O3 bao ph bn ngoi l nhm b ph hy trong dung dch kim:
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2+ 2H2O (1)
- Sau nhm tc dng vi nc:
2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 +3H2 (2)
- Al(OH)3 bao ph bn ngoi l nhm b tan khi khi tc dng vi NaOH:
Al(OH)3 + NaOH 2NaAlO2 (dd) + 3H2 (3)
- Phn ng (2), (3) c lp li cho n khi nhm tan ht.
* Nhn xt: Khi Al tc dng dd NaOH
Bo ton mol electron:
3.nAl = 2. n H 2
Da vo h s trn phng trnh ho hc:
nAl = n OH -
Al tuy c phn ng vi c axit v baz nhng Al khng phi l cht lng tnh.
IV. NG DNG V SN XUT.
1. ng dng: Ch to my bay, t, tn la, tu v tr, trang tr ni tht, bt nhm trn bt
st( tecmit) dng hn ng ray.
2. Sn xut:
+ Nguyn liu: dng qung boxit Al2O3.2H2O
+ Phng php: in phn Al2O3 nng chy ( hn hp Al2O3 vi criolit Na3AlF6):
2Al2O3 pnc
4Al + 3O2

V. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA NHM

1. NHM OXIT Al2O3 :
-Trng thi rn, mu trng, khng tc dng vi nc va khng tan trong nc, t0nc 20500C.
- C tnh lng tnh:
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O (Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3 H2O )
Al2O3 + 2 NaOH 2NaAlO2+ 3 H2O (Al2O3 + 2OH- 2 AlO2- + 2H2O)
2. NHM HIROXIT - Al(OH)3 :
- Cht rn, kt ta keo, mu trng
- Hp cht km bn : D b phn hu bi nhit
0
2 Al (OH ) 3
t
Al 2 O3 + 3H 2 O
- Al(OH)3 l hp cht lng tnh :

Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O (Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2+ 2H2O (Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2-+2H2O)
- iu ch:
Cho dung dch NH3 d vo dung dch mui nhm.
AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
Sc kh CO2 d vo dung dch aluminat AlO2- (NaAlO2, Ba(AlO2)2,...)

NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3
3. MUI NHM
- Tc dng vi dung dch baz:
+ Tc dng vi dung dch NH3 d:
AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
Hin tng: xut hin kt ta keo trng. Kt ta khng tan trong NH3 d
+ Tc dng vi dung dch baz (nh NaOH) d:
Ban u: AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Sau , kt ta Al(OH)3 phn ng tip vi dung dch NaOH d tan thnh dung dch
Al(OH)3 (r) + NaOH NaAlO2 (dd) + H2O
- Mt s mui nhm ca axit yu b thu phn khi to thnh, nh: Al2(CO3)3, (CH3COO)3Al,
Al2S3
2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S + 6NaCl
2AlCl3 + 3Na2S + 6H2O
2AlCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
- Phn chua : K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3 .24H2O. vit gn: KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
- Phn nhm: nu thay K+ bng Na+, Li+ hay NH4+ : M2SO4. Al2(SO4)3 .24H2O
4. CCH NHN BIT ION Al3+ TRONG DUNG DCH:
Cho t t dung dch NaOH n d, nu c kt ta keo ri kt ta tan dung dch Al3+.
Th d: AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O hay Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4 ]
Phng trnh ion rt gn:
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH- d [Al(OH)4]-
4. MUI ALUMIANAT
Mui aluminat (AlO2-) c tnh baz yu (lm qu ho xanh) nn d dng phn ng vi axit.
- Tc dng vi kh CO2 d:
NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3

Hin tng: xut hin kt ta keo trng. Kt ta khng tan khi CO2 d.
- Khi cho t t HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 :
Ban u, thy xut hin kt ta keo trng:
NaAlO2 + HCl + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaCl
Sau , nu HCl cn d. HCl d s ho tan dn kt ta:
Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O

Cu 1. Cu hnh electron ca ion Na+ (Z =11) l
A. [He]2s22p6. B. [Ne]3s1. C. [He]3s1. D. [Ne]3s2.
Cu 2. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Ca (Z=20) l
A. [Ne]4s2. B. [Ne]3s2. C. [Ar]4s2. D. [Ar]3d104s2.
2+
Cu 3. Cu hnh electron ca ion Mg (Z =12) l
A. [He]2s22p6. B. [Ne]3s2. C. [Ne]3s23p4. D. [Ar]3s2.
Cu 4. Nguyn t Al (Z=13), v tr ca Al trong bng tun hon l
A. chu k 2, nhm IIIA. B. chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
C. chu k 2, nhm IA. D. chu k 3, nhm IA.
Cu 5. Dy cc kim loi no sau y l kim loi kim?
A. Na, Rb, Cs. B. Na, K, Mg. C. K, Rb, Ca. D. Li, Ra, Cs.
Cu 6. Dy cc kim loi no sau y l kim loi kim th?
A. Be, Mg, Cs. B. Mg, Ca, Ba. C. K, Ca, Sr. D. Na, Ca, Ba.
Cu 7. Trong cc kim loi sau: Li, Na, K, Cs. Kim loi c khi lng ring thp nht l
A. K. B. Na. C. Cs. D. Li.
Cu 8. Trong cc kim loi kim, kim loi c nhit nng chy thp nht l
A. Li. B. Hg. C. Cs. D. K.
Cu 9. Pht biu no sau y khng ph hp vi cc nguyn t nhm IIA?
A. gm cc nguyn t Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
B. Tt c kim loi kim th u tc dng vi nc iu kin thng.
C. cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2.
D. s oxi ha c trng trong cc hp cht +2.
Cu 10. Dy gm cc kim loi c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi l
A: Na, K, Ba B: Mg, Ca, Ba. C: Na, K, Ca. D: Li, Na, Mg.
Cu 11. Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm din l:
A. Be, Mg, Ca. B. Be, Mg, Ba. C. Li, Na, K. D. Ca, Sr, Al.
Cu 12. Dy gm cc kim loi u c cu to mng tinh th lc phng l:
A. Be, Mg. B. Mg, Ca. C. Na, K. D. Ca, Sr.
Cu 13. Nhm kim loi no sau y m iu ch chng th ch c th dng phng php in
phn nng chy?
A: Zn, Cu, Cr, Fe. B: Na, Zn, Mg, Al. C: Na, Al, Ca, Mg. D: Fe, Al, Ca, Cu.
Cu 3. Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Trong cc hp cht, nguyn t kim loi kim ch c s oxi ha + 1.
B. Theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim (t liti n xesi) c nhit nng
chy gim dn.
C. Kim loi kim c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch.
D. bo qun natri, ngi ta phi ngm natri trong du ho

Cu 14. Kim loi khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng l
A. Ba. B. Na. C. Ca. D. Be.
Cu 15. Mt loi nc c cha Mg(HCO3)2 v Ca(HCO3)2 l loi nc g?
A. Nc cng tm thi B. Nc cng vnh cu
C. Nc cng ton phn D. Nc mm
Cu 16. Mt loi nc c cha MgSO4 v CaCl2 l loi nc g?
Cu 17. Mt loi nc c cha Mg(HCO3)2 v CaCl2 l loi nc g?
Cu 18. Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l
A. Lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+. B. un nng.
C. Dng dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. Dng dung dch KOH.
Cu 19. lm mm nc cng vnh cu, ta dng dung dch
A. HCl. B. Ca(NO3)2. C. NaCl. D. Na2CO3.
Cu 20. Dy gm cc cht u c th lm mt tnh cng tm thi ca nc l:
A. HCl, NaOH, Na2CO3. B. KCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
C. NaOH, Na3PO4, Na2CO3. D. HCl, Ca(OH)2, Na2CO3.
Cu 4. Phng trnh no gii thch hin tng xm thc vi?
A. Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 $ + CO2 + H2O
B. CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
C. CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 $ + H2O
D. CaCO3 CaO + CO2
0

t
Cu 21. Kim loi khng b ha tan trong dung dch axit HNO 3 c, ngui nhng tan c trong
dung dch NaOH l
A. Fe B. Al C. Pb D. Mg
Cu 5. Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO )
3 3 + dN 2 + eH2O.
H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng

A. 45. B. 44. C. 47. D. 46.
Cu 6. Hon thnh pthh: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + H2O, s phn t HNO3 b Al kh v
s phn t HNO3 to mui nitrat l bao nhiu ?
A.1 v 3 B.3 v 2 C.4 v 3 D.3 v 4
Cu 22. Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm l:
A. qung manhetit B. qung boxit C. qung olomit D. qung pirit
Cu 23. Cho cc pht biu sau
(a) Cc kim loi kim c nhit nng chy v nhit si thp.
(b) T Li n Cs tnh kh tng dn.
(c) Xesi (Cs) c dng lm t bo quang in.
(d) Kim loi kim c iu ch bng phng php in phn nng chy mui halogenua ca
chng.
S pht biu ng l
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
(a) Cc kim loi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim.

(b) T Li n Cs kh nng phn ng vi nc tng dn.
(c) Trong t nhin, cc kim loi kim ch tn ti dng hp cht.
(d) bo qun kim loi kim, ngi ta phi ngm chng trong du ha.
S pht biu ng l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
(a) Cc kim loi kim th c mu trng bc, c th dt mng.
(b) T Be n Ba tnh kh gim dn.
(c) Nhit nng chy v nhit si ca cc kim loi kim th tng i thp (tr Be).
(d) Khi lng ring tng i nh, nh hn nhm (tr bari).
S pht biu ng l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 26. Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nhm l kim loi mu trng bc, nng chy 6600C.
B. Nhm kh mm, d ko si, d dt mng.
C. Nhm l kim loi nh (D = 2,7 g/cm3).
D. Nhm dn in v dn nhit tt nhng km hn st.
(a) Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh, ch sau kim loi kim v kim th.
(b) Nhm bn trong khng kh nhit thng do c mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng v bn bo v.
(c) Nhm tan c trong dung dch HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui.
(d) Phn ng ca nhm vi oxit kim loi gi l phn ng nhit nhm.
S pht biu sai l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
(a) Nhm t bc chy khi tip xc vi kh clo.
(b) Nhm kh c ion H+ trong dung dch HCl v H2SO4 long thnh kh H2.
(c) Thc t nhm khng tc dng vi nc v c mng oxit Al2O3 rt mng v bn bo v.
(d) Nhm tc dng vi dung dch axit v kim nn nhm l kim loi lng tnh.
S pht biu ng l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
(a) Al2O3 l cht rn, mu trng.
(b) Al2O3 khng tan trong nc v khng tc dng vi nc.
(c) Nhit nng chy ca Al2O3 khong 20500C.
(d) Al(OH)3 l cht rn, mu trng, kt ta dng keo.
S pht biu ng l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 2. D. 4.
Cu 30. Dch v d dy thng c pH khong 2 3, mt s ngi b vim lot d dy, t trng l do
lng HCl trong dch v tit ra nhiu qu nn pH < 2. cha bnh ny ngi thng phi dng
thuc mui trc ba n. Thnh phn chnh ca thuc mui l
A: NaCl. B: Na2CO3. C: NaHCO3. D: NaOH.
Cu 31. Thuc sng l hn hp gm c S, C v
A. LiNO3. B. RbNO3. C. KNO3. D. NaNO3.
Cu 32. CaCO3 cn c gi l
A. vi sng. B. vi ti. C. vi. D. thch cao.
Cu 33. kh chua cho t ngi ta thng s dng cht no sau y?
A. Phn chua. B. Vi sng. C. Thch cao. D. Mui n.
Cu 34. Khong cht no sau y khng cha canxi cacbonat?

A. Thch cao. B. vi. C. phn. D. hoa.
Cu 35. Cng thc thch cao sng l
A. CaSO4 B. CaSO4.2H2O C. CaSO4.H2O D. CaCO3
Cu 36. Cng thc thch cao nung l
Cu 37. Cng thc thch cao khan l
Cu 38. Cng thc phn chua l
A. Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. B. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. Li2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. D. Cs2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
Cu 39. Cng thc ca qung boxit l
A. Al2O3.2H2OB. 3NaF.AlF3 C. Al2O3.2SiO2 D. Al2O3
Cu 40. Hp cht no ca canxi c dng c tng, b bt khi gy xng?
A. Thch cao sng (CaSO4.2H2O). B. Thch cao nung (CaSO4.H2O).
C. Vi sng (CaO). D. vi (CaCO3).
Cu 41. Hp cht no sau y c dng sn xut xi mng?
A: Thch cao khan. B: Thch cao sng. C: vi. D: Vi sng.
Cu 42. Bt nhm trn vi bt st oxit (hn hp tecmit) thc hin phn ng nhit nhm dng
A. lm vt liu ch to my bay. B. lm dy dn in thay cho ng.
C. lm dng c nh bp. D. hn ng ray.
Cu 43. X l mt kim loi nh, mu trng bc, c ng dng rng ri trong i sng. X l
A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Cu. D. Al.
Cu 44. Mt loi nc cng khi un si th mt tnh cng. Trong loi nc cng ny c ha tan
nhng hp cht no sau y?
A. Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2. B. Ca(HCO3)2, MgCl2.
C. CaSO4, MgCl2. D. Mg(HCO3)2, CaCl2.
Cu 45. Dy gm cc cht khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong nc c cha CO2 l
A: MgCO3, CaCO3, Al(OH)3. B: MgCO3, CaCO3, SrCO3.
C: CaCO3, BaCO3, Al2O3. D: Ca(HCO3)2, CaCO3, Al2S3.
Cu 46. Dy gm cc cht khi nhit phn to kh CO2 l
A. CaCO3, K2CO3. B. Na2CO3, BaCO3.
C. Na2CO3, Ba(HCO3)2. D. CaCO3, Ba(HCO3)2.
Cu 47. C cc nhn xt sau v kim loi
(1) Cc kim loi kim u c cng kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
(2) Al l kim loi lng tnh v va phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, va phn ng vi dung
dch HCl.
(3) Cc kim loi Na, K v Al u c th tan tt trong dung dch KOH iu kin thng.
(4) Trong thc t ngi ta sn xut Al trong l cao.
(5) Nhm l kim loi ph bin nht trong tt c cc kim loi.
S nhn xt ng l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 2.
Cu 48. Dy gm cc cht u c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. NaHCO3, KHCO3. B. KHCO3, Na2CO3. C. Na2SO4, KHCO3. D. NaHCO3, K2CO3.
Cu 49. Mt mui c tnh cht lng tnh, d b nhit phn khi un nng, mui l
A. Na2CO3. B. NaHCO3. C. KNO3. D. MgCl2.
Cu 50. Sn phm ca phn ng nhit nhm lun c
A. Al. B. Al(OH)3. C. O2. D. Al2O3.
Cu 51. Cc dung dch no sau y u tc dng vi Al2O3?

A. Na2SO4, HNO3. B. NaCl, NaOH. C. HNO3, KNO3. D. HCl, NaOH.
Cu 52. Cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh?
A. Na2CO3. B. NaHCO3. C. Al2O3. D. Al(OH)3.
Cu 53. Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Nhm l mt kim loi lng tnh. B. Al(OH)3 l mt baz lng tnh.
C. Al2O3 l oxit trung tnh. D. Al(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh.
Cu 54. Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al2O3, AlCl3, Al(OH)3. S cht trong dy va phn ng c vi
dung dch NaOH, va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 55. Phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh nung vi l
10000 C 1600 C
A. CaCO3 CaO + CO2 B. CaSO4.2H2O CaSO4.H2O + H2O
t0C t0C
C. 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 D. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2
Cu 56. Sc kh no sau y vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thy xut hin kt ta mu trng?
A. CO2. B. O2. C. HCl. D. H2.
Cu 57. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 s:
A. c kt ta trng. B. c bt kh thot ra.
C. c kt ta trng v bt kh thot ra . D. khng c hin tng g.
Cu 58. Pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Na2CO3 l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thy tinh.
B. nhit thng, tt c kim loi kim th u tc dng c vi nc .
C. Nhm bn trong mi trng khng kh v nc l do c mng oxit Al 2O3 bn vng bo
v
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca kim loi kim gim
dn
Cu 59. Nhn xt no sau y khng ng?
A: Al2O3 l hp cht lng tnh.
B: Tt c cc kim loi nhm IA u phn ng vi H2O iu kin thng.
C: Trong hp cht Al ch c s oxi ho +3.
D: Tt c cc kim loi nhm IIA u phn ng vi H2O iu kin thng.
Cu 60. Cho dy cc cht rn: Al, NaHCO3, Al2O3, NH4Cl, NaCl, MgO, Cr2O3, Zn(OH)2. S cht
trong dy va c th tan trong dung dch HCl, va c th tan trong dung dch NaOH long l
A: 6 B: 4 C: 7 D: 5
Cu 61. Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Al2O3, Zn, AlCl3, Na2SO4. S cht
trong dy va phn ng c vi dung dch HCl, va phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A: 6 B: 4 C: 3 D: 5
Cu 62. Cho cc cht: NaHCO3, CO, Al, Al(OH)3, Fe(OH)3, HF, Cl2, NH4Cl. S cht tc dng c
vi dung dch NaOH long nhit thng l
A: 6 B: 5 C: 3 D: 4
+X +Y +Z
Cu 63. Cho s chuyn ho sau: CaO CaCl2 Ca(NO3)2 CaCO3
Cng thc ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. HCl, HNO3, Na2CO3. C. HCl, AgNO3, (NH4)2CO3
B. Cl2, HNO3, CO2. D. Cl2, AgNO3, MgCO3
Cu 64. Dy gm cc cht tc dng dung dch HCl gii phng kh CO2.
A. CaCO3, Na2SO4, Mg(HCO3)2. B. MgCO3, Na2SO3, Ca(HCO3)2.
C. K2CO3, CaCO3, Ba(HCO3)2. D. Na2CO3, KNO3, BaCO3.
Cu 65. Cho dy cc cht: HCl, Ca(OH)2, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi
dung dch Na2CO3 l

A. 1. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.
Cu 66. Cho dy cc cht: HCl, NaOH, H2SO4, KOH, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi
dung dch NaHCO3 l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 67. Cho dy cc cht: HCl, CuSO4, FeCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung
dch NaOH l
A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 68. Mui no to kt ta trng trong dung dch NaOH d?
A. MgCl2 B. AlCl3 C. ZnCl2 D. FeCl3
Cu 69. Phng trnh no gii thch hin tng xm thc ni vi?
t0 t0
A. Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O. B. Ba(HCO3)2 BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O.
0
C. Ca(HCO3)2 t
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O. D. CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 70. Nh t t dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch X. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton ch thu c dung dch trong sut. Cht tan trong dung dch X l
A. AlCl3. B. CuSO4. C. Fe(NO3)3. D. Ca(HCO3)2.
Cu 71. Cho t t ti d dung dch cht X vo dung dch AlCl 3 thu c kt ta keo trng. Cht X
l
A. NaOH. B. KOH. C. HCl. D. NH3.
Cu 72. Dung dch no di y khi phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c kt ta
trng?
A. Ca(HCO3)2. B. FeCl3. C. AlCl3. D. H2SO4.
Cu 73. Cho bt Al vo dung dch KOH d, thy hin tng
A. si bt kh, bt Al khng tan ht v thu c dung dch khng mu.
B. si bt kh, bt Al tan dn n ht v thu c dung dch mu xanh lam.
C. si bt kh, bt Al khng tan ht v thu c dung dch mu xanh lam.
D. si bt kh, bt Al tan dn n ht v thu c dung dch khng mu.
Cu 74. Thuc th dng phn bit 3 dung dch: AlCl3, MgCl2, NaCl l
A. HCl d. B. H2SO4 d. C. NaOH d. D. AgNO3 d.
Cu 75. Cho hn hp gm Al, Mg, Al(OH) 3, Al2O3, MgO vo dung dch NaOH d cn li rn X.
Vy X gm:
A. Mg, MgO. B. Al2O3, Al, Al(OH)3.
C. Al, Mg. D. Al(OH)3, Al2O3, MgO.
Cu 76. Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catot xy ra
A. s kh ion Cl-. B. s oxi ho ion Cl-.
C. s oxi ho ion Na+. D. s kh ion Na+.
Cu 77. Khi in phn CaCl2 nng chy (in cc tr), ti cc dng xy ra
A: s oxi ho ion Ca2+. B: s kh ion Cl-.
2+
C: s kh ion Ca . D: s oxi ho ion Cl-.
Cu 78. Nh t t n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng. B. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
C. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan. D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
Cu 79. Nh t t n d dung dch NH3 vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
Cu 80. Nh t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra l

Cu 81. Cho t t n d kh CO2 vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra l
Cu 82. Cho CaCl2 vo dung dch Na2CO3 hin tng ho hc l
A. khng thy hin tng. B. thy xut hin kt ta trng.
C. thy c hin tng si bt kh. D. thy c kt ta xanh to thnh.
Cu 83. Cho Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Na2CO3 hin tng ho hc l
A. khng thy hin tng. B. thy xut hin kt ta trng.
C. thy c hin tng si bt kh. D. thy c kt ta xanh to thnh.
Cu 84. Dn kh CO2 vo dung dch nc vi trong d, hin tng xy ra nh sau
A. Thy xut hin kt ta trng v kt ta khng tan.
B. Thy xut hin kt ta trng v kt ta tan.
C. Thy xut hin kt ta trng xanh v ho nu trong khng kh.
D. Thy xut hin kt ta trng xanh.
Cu 85. Dn kh CO2 t t n d vo dung dch nc vi trong, hin tng xy ra nh sau
A. Thy xut hin kt ta trng v kt ta khng tan.
B. Thy xut hin kt ta trng v kt ta tan.
C. Thy xut hin kt ta trng xanh v ho nu trong khng kh.
D. Thy xut hin kt ta trng xanh.
Cu 86. Hin tng no xy ra khi cho Na kim loi vo dung dch CuSO4 ?
A. si bt kh khng mu v c kt ta xanh
B. b mt kim loi c mu , dung dch nht mu
C. si bt kh khng mu v c kt ta mu
D. b mt kim loi c mu v c kt ta mu xanh
Cu 87. Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?
A. Fe, Al2O3, Mg. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Zn, Al2O3, Al. D. Mg, Al2O3, Al.
Cu 88. Trong dy cc cht: AlCl3, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, Na2CO3, Al, Al2O3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht
trong dy u tc dng c vi axit HCl v dung dch NaOH l
A. 6 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
Cu 89. Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng?
A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3.
B. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3.
C. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]).
D. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
Cu 90. Cho Ba vo cc dung dch sau: NaHCO 3, CuSO4, (NH4)2CO3, NaNO3, MgCl2. S dung
dch to ra kt ta l
A: 3 B: 2 C: 1 D: 4
Cu 91. Cho NaOH d phn ng vi cc dung dch sau: AlCl 3; Ba(HCO3)2; CuSO4; HCl, NH4Cl;
MgSO4; FeCl3. S trng hp thu c kt ta l
A: 2 B: 5 C: 3 D: 4
Cu 92. Trong dy cc cht: AlCl3, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3, Na2CO3, Al, Al2O3, (NH4)2CO3. S cht
trong dy u c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 2 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5
Cu 93. Cho kh CO (d) i vo ng s nung nng ng hn hp X gm Al 2O3, Fe2O3, CuO thu
c cht rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch KOH (d), khuy k, thy cn li phn khng tan Z. Gi s
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn khng tan Z gm
A. Fe, Cu. B. Al, Fe, Cu. C. Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cu. D. Fe2O3, Cu.
Cu 94. Hn hp X gm Fe3O4 v Al c t l mol tng ng 1 : 3. Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm

X (khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp gm:
A. Al2O3 v Fe B. Al2O3, Fe v Fe3O4
C. Al, Fe v Al2O3 D. Al, Fe, Fe3O4 v Al2O3
Cu 95. Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH.
(II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2.
(III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn.
(IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3.
(V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3.
(VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2.
Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l:
A. II, III v VI. B. I, II v III. C. I, IV v V. D. II, V v VI.

Dng 1: Kim loi tc dng vi nc
Cu 1. Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c khi cho 3,9 gam Kali tc dng vi 108,2 gam
H2O l
A. 5,00% B. 6,00% C. 4,99%. D. 4,00%
Cu 2. Ha tan kim loi IIA vo nc thu c dung dch X v 4,48 lt hiro (kc). C cn dung
dch X c 34,2g rn. Kim loi l
A. Ba B. Be C. Ca D. Sr
Cu 3. Cho 0,69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0,336 lt kh hiro (
ktc). Kim loi kim l
A. Li. B. K. C. Na. D. Rb.
Cu 4. Cho 1,15g mt kim loi kim X tan ht vo nc. trung ha dung dch thu c cn 50g
dung dch HCl 3,65%. X l kim loi no sau y?
A. K B. Cs C. Li D. Na
Cu 5. Cho hn hp gm 2 kim loi kim Na, K tc dng ht vi H 2O thu c dung dch X v
0,672 lit kh H2 (ktc). Th tch dung dch HCl 2M cn trung ha dung dch X l
A. 120ml B. 30ml C. 60ml D. 600ml
*Dng 2: Kim loi tc dng vi dung dch mui

Cu 6. Cho 54,8 gam Ba vo 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 1M. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th khi
lng kt ta thu c
Cu 7. Cho 46,95 gam hn hp A gm K v Ba tc dng vi dung dch AlCl 3 d thu c 19,50
gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca K trong A l
A. 24,92%. B. 12,46%. C. 75,08%. D. 87,54%.
Cu 8. Ho tan hn hp Ba, Na (vi t l mol 1:1) vo nc c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh
H2(ktc). Trung ha dung dch A bng dung dch HCl d, khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng
trung ho l
A. 5,39g. B. 5,37g. C. 5,35g. D. 5,33g.

Cu 9. Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na, K v Ba phn ng ht vi dung dch cha 0,1 mol FeCl 2 v
0,15 mol CuCl2. Kt thc cc phn ng thu c kt ta Z, dung dch Y v 0,3 mol H2. C cn ton
b dung dch Y thu c 40,15 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 26,1. B. 36,9 C. 20,7 D. 30,9.
Cu 10. Cho hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim tan ht trong 200ml dung dch cha BaCl2 0,3M v
Ba(HCO3)2 0,8M thu c 2,8 lt H2 ( dktc) v m gam kt ta. Tnh m?
A. 43,34 B. 49,25 C. 31,52 D. 39,4
Dng 3: Kim loi tc dng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long

Cu 11. Cho m gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HCl th thu c 10,08 lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr m l
A. 21,6 gam B. 10,8 gam C. 5,4 gam D. 1,08 gam
Cu 12. Ho tan 0,72 gam kim loi kim th R bng dung dch H 2SO4 long, thu c dung dch
cha 8,4 gam mui khan. Kim loi R l
A. Mg. B. Be. C. Ba. D. Ca.
Cu 13. Cho 1,17 gam kali tc dng 20 ml dung dch HCl 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu
c cht rn khan c khi lng l
Cu 14. Ha tan hon ton 3,80 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong dung
dch HCl d, thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hai kim loi kim l
A. K v Rb. B. Na v K. C. Rb v Cs. D. Li v Na.
Cu 15. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc
dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO2 (ktc). Hai kim loi l
A. Li , Na B. Na , K C. K , Rb D. Rb , Cs
Cu 16. Ha tan hon ton 3,22 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dung
dch H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro ( ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A.9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25
Cu 17. Cho 24,6 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Fe phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 84,95 gam
mui khan. Th tch H2 (ktc) thu c bng:
A. 18,06 lt B. 19,04 lt C. 14,02 lt D. 17,22 lt
Cu 18. Cho 4,5 gam hn hp X gm Na, Ca v Mg phn ng ht vi O 2 d thu c 6,9 gam hn
hp Y gm 3 oxit. Cho Y phn ng va vi V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A.0,60. B.0,12. C.0,15. D.0,30.
*Dng 4: Kim loi tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c v HNO3

Cu 19. Cho m gam Al phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3 long (d), thu c 4,48 lt kh
NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 8,10. D. 5,40.
Cu 20. Ha tan hon ton 13,5 gam Al trong dung dch HNO 3, thu c 2,24 lt NO (ktc) v dung
dch X. C cn cn thn dung dch X thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr m l
A. 21,3. B. 106,5. C. 12. D. 118,5.
Cu 21. Ho tan 4,32 gam nhm kim loi bng dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lt kh NO
(ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 35,52 gam mui. Gi tr ca V l
A: 2,5088 B: 5,6000 C: 4,4800 D: 3,4048
Cu 22. Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c dung dch X v 1,344 lt
( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N 2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so vi kh H 2 l 18. C cn dung
dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A.38,34. B. 34,08. C. 106,38. D. 97,98

Cu 23. Ha tan hon ton 8,9 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn bng lng va 500 ml dung dch
HNO3 1M. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 1,008 lt kh N 2O (ktc) duy nht v dung dch
X cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,10 B. 31,32 C. 34,32 D. 33,70
Cu 24. Ha tan hon ton 9,24 gam Mg vo dung dch HNO 3 d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c dung dch Y v hn hp 2 kh gm 0,025 mol N 2O v 0,15 mol NO. Vy khi lng
mui trong dung dch Y l
A. 58,18 gam B. 58,18 gam. C. 56,98 gam. D. 56,98 gam
Cu 25. Hn hp X gm 7,2 gam Mg, 5,4 gam Al v 6,5 gam Zn. Ho tan hon ton X trong dung
dch HNO3 d, thu c 1,344 lt kh N2 duy nht (o ktc). S mol HNO 3 tham gia phn ng
l
A. 0,72 mol. B. 1,52 mol. C. 1,62 mol. D. 1,72 mol
*Dng 5: Kh CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim NaOH, Ca(OH)2

Cu 26. Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH, thu
c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l
Cu 27. Hp th ht 1,12 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M. Phn ng thu
c kt ta c khi lng l
Cu 28. Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70. B. 10,00. C. 1,97. D. 5,00.
Cu 29. Hp th hon ton 2,8 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,04M. S gam kt
ta thu c
A. 5,0 gam. B. 2,5 gam. C. 0 gam. D. 7,5 gam.
Cu 30. Cho 16,8 lt CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton vo 600 ml dung dch NaOH 2M thu c dung
dch X . Nu cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta ?
A. 19,7. B. 88,65. C. 147,75. D. 118,2.
Cu 31. Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch 100ml cha NaOH 2,2M v
KOH 1M, thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l
A. 20,6 gam. B. 21,04 gam. C. 25,9 gam. D. 15,3 gam
Cu 32. Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH
0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta . Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,940. B. 1,182. C. 2,364. D. 1,970.
Cu 33. Dn 3,36 lt (kc) kh CO2 vo 100ml dung dch cha KOH 0,5M v Ba(OH) 2 0,75M. Phn
ng hon ton thu c a gam kt ta. Ch ra a
A. 14,475 B. 9,85 C. 19,7 D. 29,55

*Dng 6: Mui cacbonat (HCO3-, CO32-) tc dng vi dung dch axit v ngc li
Cu 34. Thm t t tng git dung dch cha 0,08 mol HCl vo dung dch cha 0,06 mol Na 2CO3.
Th tch kh CO2 (ktc) thu c bng:
A. 0,336 lt B. 0,896 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 1,344 lt
Cu 35. Thm t t tng git dung dch cha 0,06 mol Na 2CO3 vo dung dch cha 0,08 mol HCl
Th tch kh CO2 (ktc) thu c bng:
A. 0,336 lt B. 0,896 lt C. 0,448 lt D. 1,344 lt
Cu 36. Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na 2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t 200 ml dung dch
HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48 B. 1,12 C. 2,24 D. 3,36
Cu 37. Cho rt t t tng git cho n ht 200ml dung dch HCl 1M vo bnh cha 100ml dung
dch hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO31M. Hp th ton b lng kh CO2 sinh ra vo dung
dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A: 10,0 B: 12,5 C: 5,0 D: 15,0
Cu 38. Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na 2CO3
0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A.0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
Cu 39. Nh t t tng git n ht 100 ml dung dch cha Na 2CO3 0,2M v NaHCO3 0,2M vo 30
ml dung dch HCl 1M, sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l
A.0,020. B. 0,030. C. 0,015. D. 0,010.
*Dng 7: Kim loi Al tc dng vi dung dch kim NaOH, Ca(OH)2

Cu 40. Ha tan hon ton 2,16 gam Al trong dung dch NaOH d th th tch kh thu c (ktc) l
A. 3,36 lt B. 2,688 lt C. 1,792 lt D. 2,24 lt.
Cu 41. Cho 10 gam hn hp bt kim loi gm Fe v Al tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to ra
6,72 lit kh (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l
A. 54%. B. 46%. C. 81%. D. 19%.
Cu 42. Cho 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al2O3 tc dng ht vi dd NaOH d thu c 13,44 lt kh
H2 ( ktc). Khi lng ca Al2O3 c trong hn hp ban u l bao nhiu?
Cu 43. ho tan va m gam hn hp Al, Al 2O3 cn dng 200 ml dung dch KOH 2M, phn
ng xong thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr m l
A. 15,6. B. 13,2. C. 25,8. D. 19,7.
Cu 44. Ha tan 8,6 gam hn hp kim loi K v Al vo nc, sau phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c 4,48 lt kh (ktc) v m gam cht khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A: 2,0 gam. B: 3,6 gam. C: 4,05 gam. D: 2,7 gam.
Cu 45. Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 10,8. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 43,2.
Cu 46. X l hn hp kim loi Ba v Al. Ha tan m gam X vo lng d nc thu c 8,96 lt
H2(ktc). Cng ha tan m gam X vo dung dch NaOH d th thu c 12,32 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Tnh
m?

A. 13,7 B. 21,8 C. 58,85 D. 57,5
*Dng 8: Phn ng nhit nhm

Cu 47. Nung nng m gam hn hp X cha Al v Fe 3O4 cho n khi hon ton c hn hp cht
rn Y. Hn hp Y tc dng va 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v sinh ra 2,016 lt kh H 2 (ktc).
Gi tr m l
A. 7,34. B. 5,10. C. 6,18. D. 4,56.
Cu 48. Dng m gam Al kh ht 16 gam Fe2O3, hn hp sau phn ng cho tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d to ra 6,72 lit H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,8 B. 5,4 C. 8,1 D. 13,5
Cu 49. Nung hn hp gm 10,8 gam Al v 16,0 gam Fe 2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh),
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng kim loi trong Y l
Cu 50. Trn 24g Fe2O3 vi 10,8g Al ri nung nhit cao (khng c khng kh). Hn hp thu
c sau phn ng em ha tan trong dung dch HCl d thu c 9,408 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Hiu sut
ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 12,5% B. 60% C. 80% D. 90%
Cu 51. Trn 10,8g bt Al vi 34,8g bt Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm trong iu kin
khng c khng kh. Ho tan hon ton hn hp rn sau phn ng bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d)
thu c 10,752 lt kh H2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit nhm l
A. 80% B. 90% C. 70% D. 60%
*Dng 9: Mui nhm (Al3+) tc dng vi dung dch kim NaOH, Ca(OH)2
Cu 52. Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,25M cn cho vo 15 ml dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 0,5M thu c
lng kt ta ln nht l
A. 210 ml B. 90 ml C. 180 ml D. 60 ml
Cu 53. Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 2M vo 300 ml dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 0,1M. Sau khi phn ng
xong thu c kt ta c khi lng l
Cu 54. Cho 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M phn ng vi 100ml dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 0,1M. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l
A. 1,17. B. 2,34. C. 1,56. D. 0,78.
Cu 55. Cho 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo 125 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng kt ta thu c gn nht vi gi tr:
Cu 56. Cho 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,9M; Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M v
Al2(SO4)3 0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng kt ta thu c l:
Cu 57. Cho 300 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH) 2 0,4M v KOH 0,25 mol/lt vo 50 ml dung dch
Al2(SO4)3 1M. Sau khi kt thc cc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 32,8. B. 27,96. C. 34,59. D. 6,63.

Cu 58. (Trch THPTQG 2016) Ha tan ht 0,54 gam Al trong 70 ml dung dch HCl 1M, thu
c dung dch X. Cho 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,56. B. 0,39. C. 0,78. D. 1,17.
Cu 59. Ha tan ht 2,7 gam Al trong 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M, thu c dung dch X. Cho 250ml
dung dch NaOH 1M vo X, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr
ca m l
A. 15,6. B. 3,9. C. 7,8. D. 11,7.

CHNG 7: ST - CRM - NG
A. KIN THC CN NM
ST
I. V TR CU HNH ELECTRON:
St th 26, nhm VIIIB, chu k 4
Cu hnh electron: Fe (Z=26): 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay [Ar]3d64s2
Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6 hay [Ar]3d6
Fe3+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d5 hay [Ar]3d5
II. TNH CHT VT L TRNG THI T NHIN
- St l kim loi mu trng hi xm, do, d rn. St c tnh dn in, dn nhit tt, c bit c
tnh nhim t.
- St chim khong 5% khi lng v Tri t, ng hng th hai trong cc kim loi (sau
nhm). Trong t nhin, st tn ti ch yu dng hp cht trong cc loi qung.
Qung st quan trng l :
Qung hematit (Fe2O3 khan), Qung hematit nu (Fe2O3.nH2o),
Qung manhetit (Fe3O4, giu st nht), Qung xierit (FeCO3),
Qung pirit st (FeS2).
III. TNH CHT HA HC:
St l kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh. Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha yu Fe b oxi ha thnh
Fe , vi cht oxi ha mnh Fe b oxi ha thnh Fe3+.
2+
Fe Fe2+ + 2e
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
Fe + S FeS
o

t
3Fe + 2O2 Fe3O4

o

t
(Khi tc dng oxi thng thng to nhiu oxit st: FeO, Fe3O4 , Fe2O3)
2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
o

t
2. Tc dng vi axit:
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
Fe + 4 HNO3 (long) Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
2Fe + 6H2SO4 (c) Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
o

t
* Ch : Fe khng tc dng vi axit HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui.

Sau phn ng vi HNO 3 hoc H2SO4 c nng , nu kim loi Fe cn d th

mui Fe(III) s b kh v Fe(II)
Fe (d) + Fe2(SO4)3 3FeSO4
Fe (d) + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2 ( Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ )
3. Tc dng vi dung dch mui:
- St kh c nhng ion ca kim loi yu hn trong dung dch mui thnh kim loi t do.
(1) Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu ( Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu )
(2) Fe + 2FeCl3 3FeCl2 ( Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ )
(3) Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag ( Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + Ag )
* Ch :
phn ng (3), nu sau phn ng AgNO 3 vn cn d th Ag+ d s oxi ho Fe2+ va to ra
thnh Fe3+
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag ( Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag )
Nh: Fe + Ag+ d Fe3+ + 3Ag
4. Tc dng vi nc: nhit thng st khng kh nc
IV. HP CHT ST (II)
- Trong cc phn ng ha hc, ion Fe2+ d nhng 1 electron tr thnh ion Fe3+ hoc nhn 2e
tr thnh kim loi Fe:
Fe2+ Fe3+ + e
Fe2+ + 2e Fe
Hp cht Fe(II) va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho. Nhng tnh kh ca hp cht st (II)
chim u th hn.
1. St (II) oxit, FeO
- FeO l cht rn, mu en, khng tan trong nc, khng c trong t nhin.
- FeO l oxit baz, tnh oxi ha v tnh kh
FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O
3FeO + 10HNO3 (long) o

t
3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
3FeO + 2Al Al2O3 + 3Fe
o

t
- iu ch : Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O

o

t
2. St (II) hiroxit, Fe(OH)2

- Fe(OH)2 l cht rn, mu trng xanh, khng tan trong nc. Trong khng kh m, Fe(OH)2 d
b oxi ha trong thnh Fe(OH)3 mu nu .
4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4Fe(OH)3
- Fe(OH)2 l hiroxit km bn, d b phn hy bi nhit.
+ Nhit phn Fe(OH)2 khng c khng kh (khng c O2) : Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O
o

t
+ Nhit phn Fe(OH)2 trong khng kh (c O2) : 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 2Fe2O3 + 4H2O

o

t
- Fe(OH)2 l mt baz, tc dng vi axit

Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 (l) FeSO4 + 2H2O (Fe(OH)2 (r) + 2H+ Fe2+ + 2H2O )
3Fe(OH)2 + 10HNO3 (long) 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 8H2O
o

t
- iu ch Fe(OH)2 : Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2

3. Mui st (II)
- a s mui st (II) tan trong nc, dung dch mui st (II) thu c c mu lc nht. Khi kt
tinh thng dng ngm nc nh FeSO4.7H2O, FeCl2.4H2O,...
- Mui st (II) c tnh kh, b cc cht oxi ha mnh oxi ha thnh mui st (III).
2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3
10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O
- Mui st (II) c tnh oxi ho, b cc cht kh mnh hn kh v kim loi st.
Zn + FeSO4 ZnSO4 + Fe ( Zn + Fe2+ Zn2+ + Fe )
V. HP CHT ST (III):
- Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ha: Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
Fe3+ + 3e Fe
1. St (III) oxit: Fe2O3
- Fe2O3 l cht rn, mu nu, khng tan trong nc.
- Fe2O3 l oxit baz v c tnh oxi ha:
Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O
Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + Fe
o

t
iu ch: 2Fe(OH)3 to
Fe2O3 + 3H2O
2. St (III) hidroxit: Fe(OH)3
- L kt ta mu nu , khng tan trong nc, c tnh baz.
Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
- iu ch: FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl ( Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3 )
3. Mui st (III):
- Mui st (III) c oxi ha, d b kh thnh mui st (II).
Fe + 2FeCl3 3FeCl2 ( Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ )
Cu + 2FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 ( Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+ )
2FeCl3 + 2HI 2FeCl2 + I2 + 2HCl
2FeCl3 + H2S 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
2FeS + S + 6NaCl
2FeCl3 + 3Na2S
- Mt s mui Fe(III) b thu phn khi tip xc vi H2O nh: Fe2(CO3)3, (CH3COO)3Fe
2FeCl3 + 3Na2CO3 + 3H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6NaCl
VI. Oxit st t (Fe3O4)
- Ngoi FeO, Fe2O3 , trong t nhin ta cn dng oxit st l oxit st t (Fe3O4, Fe: +8/3).
- n gin ho, ta c th xem Fe3O4 l hn hp FeO.Fe2O3. Nh vy, oxit st t l mt oxit
baz, va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ho.
Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O (Fe3O4 + 8H+ Fe2+ + 2Fe3+ + 4H2O)
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O
VII. HP KIM CA ST
1. Gang
- Gang l hp kim st cacbon (Cacbon t 2 5%) v mt s nguyn t khc: Si, Mn, P, S.
C hai loi: gang trng (cha t cacbon v silic) v gang xm (cha nhiu cacbon v silic)
- Sn xut gang:
Nguyn liu: qung st, than cc, cht chy CaCO3
Cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh luyn gang:
+ To cht kh CO: C + O2 CO
o

t
o
+ Phn ng kh oxit st: 3Fe2O3 + CO
400 C
2Fe3O4 + CO2
o
500- 600 C
Fe3O4 + CO 3FeO + CO2
o
700-800 C
FeO + CO Fe + CO2
CaO + CO2
o
+ Phn ng to x: CaCO3
1000 C
o
CaO + SiO2
1000 C
CaSiO3 (x silicat)
2. Thp
Thp l hp kim st cacbon (hm lng C t 0,01 2%) v mt lng rt t cc nguyn t Si,
Mn,...
Sn xut thp:
Nguyn liu: gang trng hoc gang xm, cht chy CaO, kh oxi
Cc phn ng xy trong qu trnh luyn thp. Dng kh O 2 loi b cc tp cht phi
kim.
Phn ng to x
CROM
th 24, thuc nhm VIB, chu k 4
Cu hnh electron: Cr (Z=24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay [Ar]3d54s1
II. TNH CHT VT L
Crom c mu trng nh bc, rt cng (cng nht trong s cc kim loi), kh nng chy
(18900C). Crom l kim loi nng, c khi lng ring 7,2 g/cm3.
III. TNH CHT HO HC
- Crom c tnh kh mnh hn st, cc s oxi ha thng gp ca crom l: +2 , +3 , +6
1. Tc dng vi phi kim: to hp cht crom (III)
4Cr + 3O2 2Cr2O3
o

t
2Cr + 3Cl2 2CrCl3

o
t

2. Tc dng vi nc:
Crom (Cr) khng tc dng vi nc bt k nhit no
3. Tc dng vi axit:HCl v H2SO4 to mui Cr+2
Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2
Ch : Cr khng tc dng vi HNO3 c ngui v H2SO4 c ngui.
IV. HP CHT CA CROM
1. Hp cht crom (II)
a. Crom (II) oxit
- CrO l oxit baz, c tnh kh mnh. Trong khng kh CrO b oxi ho bi O2:
CrO + HCl CrCl2 + H2O
CrO + O2 Cr2O3
b. Crom (II) hidroxit
- Cr(OH)2 l cht rn mu vng, khng tan trong nc. Cr(OH)2 l mt baz, c tnh kh:
Cr(OH)2 + HCl CrCl2 + H2O
- Trong khng kh Cr(OH)2 b oxi ho bi O2 to Cr(OH)3
4Cr(OH)2 (r) + O2 + 2H2O 4Cr(OH)3
Mu vng lc xm
- iu ch: cho mui Cr (II) tc dng vi dung dch baz trong mi trng khng c khng kh
CrCl2 + 2NaOH Cr(OH)2 + 2NaCl (Cr2+ + 2OH- Cr(OH)2 )
c. Mui Cr (II)
- Mui Cr2+ c tnh kh mnh.
2CrCl2 + Cl2 2CrCl3
4CrCl2 + O2 + 4HCl 4CrCl3 + 2H2O
- iu ch: Cho mui Cr3+ tc dng vi Zn trong mi trng axit ( khng cho oxi tip xc Cr2+)
2CrCl3 + Zn 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2 ( 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ )
2. Hp cht crom (III):
a. Crom (III) oxit:
- Cr2O3 l cht bt mu lc thm, khng tan trong nc v l mt oxit lng tnh tan trong dd
axit v dd kim c
o
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH()
t
2NaCrO2 + H2O
Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O
- Cr2O3 c dng to mu lc cho s, thy tinh.
b. Crom (III) hidroxit :
- Cr(OH)3 l hiroxit lng tnh, kt ta nhy, mu lc xm, tan c trong dung dch axit v
dung dch kim.
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O
Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O
- C tnh kh:
2Cr(OH)3 + 3Br2 + 10NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 8H2O
- B phn hu bi nhit to oxit tng ng :
2Cr(OH)3 Cr2O3 + 3H2O
- Cr(OH)3 to phc c vi NH3 (tng t Cu(OH)2 )
Cr(OH)3 (rn) + 6NH3 (lng) [Cr(NH3)6](OH)3 (dd)
c. Mui crom (III)
- Mui crom (III) c tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
- Trong mi trng axit, mui crom (III) c tnh oxi ha b Zn kh thnh mui crom (II)
2CrCl3 + Zn
2CrCl 2 + ZnCl 2 ( 2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+ )
Cr2 (SO 4 )3 + Zn
2CrSO 4 + ZnSO 4
- Trong mi trng kim, mui crom (III) c tnh kh v b cht oxi ha mnh oxi ha thnh
mui crom (VI).
2CrCl3 + 3Br2 + 16KOH 2K 2CrO4 + 6KBr + 6KCl + 8H 2O
- Phn crom-kali K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O c mu xanh tnh, c dng thuc da, lm cht

cm mu trong ngnh nhum vi.
3. Hp cht crom (VI):
a. Crom (VI) oxit : Cht rn, mu thm.
- CrO3 L oxit axit. D tan vo nc to thnh hn hp 2 axit H2CrO4 (axit cromic) v H2Cr2O7
(axit icromic) khng tch ra c dng t do.
3CrO3 + 2H2O H2CrO4 + H2Cr2O7
- C tnh oxi ha mnh : S , P , C , C2H5OH, NH3 bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3
2CrO3 + NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O
b. Mui cromat v icromat

2 2-
- Ion cromat CrO4 c mu vng bn trong mi trng kim. Ion icromat Cr2O7 c mu
da cam bn trong mi trng axit.
2
- Trong mi trng axit, cromat CrO4 (mu vng) km bn chuyn ha thnh icromat
2- 2-
Cr2O7 (mu da cam) v ngc li trong mi trng kim Cr2O7 (mu da cam), chuyn ha
2
thnh CrO4 (mu vng)
H+

CrO24- Cr2O72-
Tng qut: -
OH
- C tnh oxi ha mnh

K2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO4 + 7H2SO4 3Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O

NG
th 29, thuc nhm IB, chu k 4.
Cu hnh electron: Cu (Z=29) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 hay [Ar]3d104s1
Cu2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 hay [Ar]3d9
II. TNH CHT HA HC:
L kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu.
2Cu + O2 2CuO
o

t
Cu + Cl2 CuCl2
o

t
2. Tc dng vi axit:
- Cu khng phn ng vi dd HCl, H2SO4(l) nhng khi sc kh oxi th c phn ng xy ra:
2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
o

t
Cu + 4HNO3 (c) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O

o

t

Cu 1. Cu hnh electron khng ng
A. Cr ( z = 24): [Ar] 3d54s1 B. Cr ( z = 24): [Ar] 3d44s2
C. Cr2+ : [Ar] 3d4 D. Cr3+ : [Ar] 3d3
Cu 2. Cc s oxi ho c trng ca crom l
A. +2, +4, +6. B. +2, +3, +6. C. +1, +2, +4, +6. D. +3, +4, +6.
Cu 3. Trong cc cu sau, cu no ng.
A. Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st.
B. Crom l kim loi nn ch to c oxit baz
C. Trong t nhin, crom c dng n cht
D. Phng php iu ch crom l in phn Cr2O3
Cu 4. Crom khng phn ng vi cht no sau y?
A. dung dch H2SO4 long un nng B. dung dch NaOH c, un nng
C. dung dch HNO3 c, un nng D. dung dch H2SO4 c, un nng
Cu 5. Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Cc hp cht Cr2O3 , Cr(OH)3, CrO, Cr(OH)2 u c tnh cht lng tnh.
B. Hp cht Cr(II) c tnh kh c trng cn hp cht Cr(VI) c tnh oxi ho mnh.
C. Cc hp cht CrO, Cr(OH)2 tc dng c vi dung dch HCl cn CrO 3 tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH.
D. Thm dung dch kim vo mui icromat, mui ny chuyn thnh mui cromat.
Cu 6. So snh khng ng l:
A. Fe(OH)2 v Cr(OH)2 u l baz v l cht kh
B. Al(OH)3 v Cr(OH)3 u l hp cht lng tnh v va c tnh oxi ha ; c tnh kh.
C. H2SO4 v H2CrO4 u l axit c tnh oxi ha mnh
D. BaSO4 v BaCrO4 u l cht khng tan trong nc.

Cu 7. Crom(II) oxit l oxit
A. c tnh baz. B. c tnh kh.
C. c tnh oxi ha. D. va c tnh kh, tnh oxi ha v va c tnh baz.
Cu 8. Hin nay, t qung cromit (FeO.Cr2O3) ngi ta iu ch Cr bng phng php no sau
y?
A. tch qung ri thc hin in phn nng chy Cr2O3
B. tch qung ri thc hin phn ng nhit nhm Cr2O3
C. tch qung ri thc hin phn ng kh Cr2O3 bi CO
D. ha tan qung bng HCl ri in phn dung dch CrCl3
Cu 9. ng dng khng hp l ca crom l?
A. Crom l kim loi rt cng c th dng ct thy tinh.
B. Crom lm hp kim cng v chu nhit hn, nn dng to thp cng, khng g, chu
nhit.
C. Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng.
D. iu kin thng, crom to c lp mng oxit mn, bn chc nn c dng m bo
v thp.
Cu 10. Chn pht biu sai:
A. Cr2O3 l cht rn mu lc thm B. Cr(OH)3 l cht rn mu lc xm
C. CrO3 l cht rn mu thm D. CrO l cht rn mu trng xanh
Cu 11. Cht rn mu lc , tan trong dung dch HCl c dung dch A. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH
v brom c dung dch mu vng, cho dung dch H2SO4 vo li thnh mu da cam. Cht rn l:
A. Cr2O3 B. CrO C. Cr2O D. Cr
Cu 12. Mt s hin tng sau:
(1) Thm (d) NaOH vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 th dung dch chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng
(2) Thm (d) NaOH v Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl2 th dung dch t mu xanh chuyn thnh mu
vng.
(3) Thm t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch CrCl 3 thy xut hin kt ta lc xm, sau kt ta
tan li trong NaOH (d)
(4) kt ta Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh thy kt ta t mu vng thnh mu lc xm
S ng
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 13. Trong dung dch 2 ion cromat v icromat cho cn bng thun nghch:

Cr2O72- + H2O
2CrO42- + 2H+

Hy chn pht biu ng:
A. dung dch c mu da cam trong mi trng bazo
B. ion CrO42- bn trong mi trng axit
C. ion Cr2O72- bn trong mi trng bazo
D. dung dch c mu da cam trong mi trng axit
Cu 14. Cc kim loi no sau y lun c bo v trong mi trng khng kh, nc nh lp
mng oxit?
A. Al-Ca B. Fe-Cr C. Cr-Al D. Fe-Mg

Cu 15. Cho vo ng nghim mt vi tinh th K 2Cr2O7 , sau thm tip khong 1ml nc v lc
u K2Cr2O7 tan ht, thu c dung dch X. Thm vi git dung dch KOH vo dung dch X, thu
c dung dch Y. Mu sc ca dung dch X v Y ln lt l :
A. mu da cam v mu vng chanh B. mu vng chanh v mu da cam
C. mu nu v mu vng chanh D. mu vng chanh v mu nu
Cu 16. Al v Cr ging nhau im:
A. cng tc dng vi HCl to ra mui c mc oxi ha l +3
B. cng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to ra cht Na[M(OH)4]
C. cng tc dng vi kh clo to ra mui c dng MCl3
D. cng b th ng trong dung dch nc cng toan
Cu 17. Cho dy cc cht: Cr(OH)3, Al2(SO4)3, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, Cr(OH)2 , MgO, Al2O3, CrO3.
S cht trong dy c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 18. Dung dch FeSO4 lm mt mu dung dch no sau y?
A. Dung dch KMnO4 trong mi trng H2SO4 B. Dd K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng
H2SO4
C. Dung dch Br2. D. C A, B, C.
Cu 19. Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl3 trong mi trng NaOH. Sn phm thu c l
A. NaCrO2, NaCl, H2O B. Na2CrO4, NaClO, H2O
C. Na[Cr(OH)4], NaCl, NaClO, H2O D. Na2CrO4, NaCl, H2O
Cu 20. Cho phn ng K2Cr2O7 + HCl KCl + CrCl3 + Cl2 + H2O . S phn t HCl b oxi ha l
A. 3 B. 6 C. 8 D. 14
Cu 21. Cho phn ng : NaCrO2 + Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O
Khi cn bng phn ng trn, h s ca NaCrO2 l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 22. C bao nhiu phn ng ha hc xy ra khi cho CrO, Cr 2O3, Cr(OH)3 tc dng vi dung
dch HCl nng, dung dch NaOH nng:
A. 5 B. 6 C. 4 D. 3
Cu 23. Cht no sau y khng lng tnh?
A. Cr(OH)2 B. Cr2O3 C. Cr(OH)3 D. Al2O3
Cu 24. Cho dy bin i sau
+ HCl + Cl + NaOHdu Br 2 / NaOH T
Cr X 2
Y Z
X, Y, Z, T l
A. CrCl2, CrCl3, NaCrO2, Na2CrO7. B. CrCl2, CrCl3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO4.
C. CrCl2, CrCl3, NaCrO2, Na2CrO4. D. CrCl2, CrCl3, Cr(OH)3, Na2CrO7.
Cu 25. Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom:
+(Cl +KOH) + H SO +(FeSO +H SO )
Cr(OH)3 +KOH
X
2
Y 2
Z
4 4 2 4
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l:
A. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3. B. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3.
C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4. D. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3.
Cu 26. Cho phn ng: NaCrO2+ Br2 + NaOH Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O. H s cn bng ca
NaCrO2 l

A. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 27. Cho hn hp Fe, Cu phn ng vi dung dch HNO 3 long. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu
c dung dch ch cha mt cht tan v kim loi d. Cht tan l
A. HNO3. B. Fe(NO3)2. C. Cu(NO3)2. D.
Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 28. Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H 2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch Y l
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
Cu 29. Hn hp rn X gm Al, Fe 2O3 v Cu c s mol bng nhau. Hn hp X tan hon ton trong
dung dch
A. NaOH (d). B. HCl (d). C. AgNO3 (d). D.
NH3(d).
Cu 30. Cho s chuyn ho (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
+ dd X + dd Y + dd Z
NaOH Fe(OH)2 Fe2(SO4)3 BaSO4.
A. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), Ba(NO3)2. B. FeCl3, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2.
C. FeCl2, H2SO4 (c, nng), BaCl2. D. FeCl2, H2SO4 (long), Ba(NO3)2.
Cu 31. Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long (d) c dung dch X1. Cho lng
d bt Fe vo dung dch X1 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton, thu c dung dch X2 cha cht tan l
A. Fe2(SO4)3 v H2SO4. B. FeSO4. C. Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeSO 4 v
H2SO4.
Cu 32. Tch Ag ra khi hn hp Fe, Cu, Ag th dng dung dch no sau y?
A. HCl B. HNO3 m c C. Fe(NO3)3 D. NH3
Cu 33. Tn ca cc qung cha FeCO3 , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 , FeS2 ln lt l g ?
A. Hemantit, pirit, manhetit, xierit B. Xierit, hemantit, manhetit, pirit
C. Xierit, manhetit, pirit, hemantit D. Pirit, hemantit, manhetit, xierit
Cu 34. Cho dy cc cht: Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3. S cht trong dy khi tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 long sinh ra sn phm kh (cha nit) l:
A. 5 B. 2 C. 4 D. 3
Cu 35. Dy gm cc cht ch c tnh oxi ha l
A. Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3 B. FeO, Fe2O3 C. Fe(OH)2, FeO D. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl3
Cu 36. Cho tng cht Fe, FeO, Fe(OH) 2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4,
Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c nng. S phn ng thuc loi oxi ho- kh l
A. 5. B. 8. C. 6. D. 7.
Cu 37. Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO 3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton,
thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l
A. AgNO3 v Zn(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. D. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l
A. Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 39. Cho hn hp bt Mg v Zn vo dung dch cha Cu(NO 3)2 v AgNO3. Sau phn ng thu
c 2 kim loi, dung dch gm 3 mui l
A. Zn(NO3)2, AgNO3 v Mg(NO3)2. B. Mg(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.

C. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2. D. Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3.
Cu 40. iu ch Fe(NO3)2 c th dng phng php no sau y :
A. Fe + HNO3 B. Fe(OH)2 + HNO3. C. Ba(NO3)2 + FeSO4. D. FeO + KNO3 + HCl.
Cu 41. Cho bt Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 long, phn ng kt thc thy c bt Fe cn d. Dung
dch thu c sau phn ng l:
A. Fe(NO3)3 B. Fe(NO3)3, HNO3 C. Fe(NO3)2 D. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3
Cu 42. thc hin chuyn ha sau: Fe Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(NO3)3 ta cn dng ln lt cc ha
cht:
A. H2SO4 long, dung dch Ba(NO3)2 C. Dung dch H2SO4 c nng dung dch
Ba(NO3)2
B. H2SO4 c ngui, dung dch Ba(NO3)2 D. Dung dch CuSO4 v dung dch Ba(NO3)2
Cu 43. Cho cc cht Cu, Fe, Ag v cc dung dch HCl, CuSO4, FeCl2, FeCl3. S cp cht c phn
ng vi nhau l:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3
Cu 44. Nhng mt l st nh vo dung dch cha mt trong nhng cht sau: FeCl3, AlCl3, CuSO4,
Pb(NO3)2, NaCl, HCl, HNO3 d, H2SO4 (c nng) d, NH4NO3. S trng hp phn ng to mui
st (II) l:
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
Cu 45. Ho tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu
c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l
A. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. B. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3.
C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3.
Cu 46. Cho hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit H2SO4 c, nng n khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y v mt phn Fe khng tan. Cht tan c trong dung dch
Y l:
A. MgSO4 v FeSO4. B. MgSO4.
C. MgSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3. D. MgSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 v FeSO4.
Cu 47. Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(1) t dy st trong kh clo. (2) t nng hn hp bt Fe v S (iu kin khng
c oxi).
(3) Cho FeO vo dung dch HNO3 (long, d). (4) Cho Fe vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3.
(5) Cho Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 (long, d).
C bao nhiu th nghim to ra mui st(II)?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3.
Cu 48. Kim loi no c kh nng y c st ra khi FeCl3 ?
A. Fe B. Cu C. Mg D. Ag
Cu 49. Phn ng gia cp cht no di y khng th s dng iu ch cc mui Fe(II)?
A. FeO + HCl B. Fe(OH)2 + H2SO4 (long)
C. FeCO3 + HNO3 (long) D. Fe + Fe(NO3)3
+X +Y
Cu 50. Xt phng trnh phn ng: FeCl 2 Fe FeCl3 . Hai cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. AgNO3 d, Cl2 B. FeCl3, Cl2 C. HCl, FeCl3 D. Cl2, FeCl3.

Cu 51. Cho Fe tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, c dung dch X. Bit dung dch X c th
ho tan Cu, v khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 c kt ta xut hin. Dung dch X cha
A. Fe(NO3)2, HNO3 B. Fe(NO3)3, HNO3
C. Fe(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3 D. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, HNO3
Cu 52. Cho m gam Fe vo V ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 long v HNO3 n phn ng hon ton
thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v hn hp kh C gm NO v H 2. Mui st c mt trong dung
dch A l:
A. Fe(NO3)3 v FeSO4. B. Fe(NO3)3. C. FeSO4. D. Fe(NO3)2 v FeSO4.
2+
Cu 53. Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu l
A. [Ar]3d7. B. [Ar]3d8. C. [Ar]3d9. D. [Ar]3d10.
Cu 27. Cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch hn hp gm NaNO3 v H2SO4 long s gii phng kh no
sau y ?
A. NO2. B. NO. C. N2O. D. NH3.
Cu 28. Xem phn ng: aCu + bNO3 + cH
- +
dCu + eNO + fH2O
2+
Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l:

A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 18
Cu 29. ng thau l
A. hp kim Cu-Zn (45%Zn) B. hp kim Cu-Ni (25%Ni)
C. hp kim Cu-Sn D. hp kim Cu-Au
Cu 30. loi CuSO4 ln trong dung dch FeSO4, cn dng thm cht no sau y?
A. Al B. Fe C. Zn D. Ni
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l:
A.Fe, Cu, Ag. B. Al, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cu. D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 32. Cho cc dung dch long: (1) FeCl 3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4, (4) HNO3, (5) hn hp gm HCl
v NaNO3. Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:
A.(1), (3), (5). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (3), (4). D. (1), (4), (5).
Cu 33. nhn bit ion NO3- ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long v un nng, v:
Cu 34. A. Phn ng to ra dung dch c mu vng nht
B. Phn ng to ra dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mi lm xanh giy qu m
C. Phn ng to ra kt ta mu xanh
D. Phn ng to dung dch c mu xanh v kh khng mu ho nu trong khng kh.
Cu 35. Cho cc cp cht vi t l s mol tng ng nh sau:
(a) Fe3O4 v Cu (1:1); (b) Sn v Zn (2:1); (c) Zn v Cu (1:1);

(d) Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu (1:1); (e) FeCl2 v Cu (2:1); (g) FeCl3 v Cu (1:1).
S cp cht tan hon ton trong mt lng d dung dch HCl long nng l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.
Cu 36. Cho cc dung dch long: (1) FeCl3, (2) FeCl2, (3) H2SO4, (4) HNO3, (5) hn hp gm
HCl v NaNO3. Nhng dung dch phn ng c vi kim loi Cu l:
A. (1), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (4), (5). D. (1), (3), (5).

C. BI TP TON (VN DNG - VN DNG CAO)

DNG 1: KIM LOI TC DNG VI MUI
Cu 37. Nhng mt thanh Al vo dung dch FeSO4, sau mt thi gian rt thanh nhm ra thy khi
lng thanh nhm tng so vi ban u 11,4 gam. Khi lng Fe bm vo thanh Al l: (Bit ton b
Fe to thnh u bm vo thanh kim loi ban u).
A. 16 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 11,4 gam. D. 16,8 gam.
Cu 38. Mt thanh ng nng 140,8g ngm trong dung dch AgNO3 kt thc phn ng ly ra ra
nh sy kh cn c 171,2g. Th tch dung dch AgNO 3 32% (D=1,2 g/ml) tc dng vi thanh
ng l
A. 177 lt. B. 177 ml. C. 88,5 lt. D. 88,5 ml.
Cu 39. Cho 19,5 gam bt kim loi km vo 250 ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M. Khuy u
phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l:
Cu 40. Cho m gam bt Mg vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol AgNO3 v 0,2 mol Fe(NO3)3, sau phn
ng thu c 38 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 41. Cho m gam bt Al vo 400 ml dung dch Fe(NO 3)3 0,75M v Cu(NO3)2 0,6 M, sau phn
ng thu c dung dch X v 23,76 gam hn hp 2 kim loi. Gi tr ca m l:
Cu 42. Cho 5,6g bt Fe vo 200 ml AgNO3, sau khi thy lng Fe phn ng ht thy khi lng
dung dch gim 21,4 gam. Nng mol/l ca dung dch AgNO3 bng:
A. 0,2M B. 1,25M C. 1,35M D. 0,1M
Cu 43. Cho 100 ml dung dch FeCl2 1,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M, thu c m
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 34,44 B. 47,4 C. 12,96 D. 30,18
DNG 2: TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT

Cu 44. Ho tan hon ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg v Zn bng mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 long, thu c 1,344 lt hiro (ktc) v dung dch cha m g mui. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,52. B. 10,27. C. 8,98. D. 7,25.
Cu 45. Ho tan hon ton 14,05 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong V lt axit HCl 0,8M
(va ). Sau phn ng, thu c 25,05 gam hn hp mui clorua khan. Gi tr V l
A. 2,00 lt B. 1,50 lt C. 1,20 lt D. 1,8 lt
Cu 46. Nung nng 16,8 gam hn hp gm Al, Cu, Fe, Zn vi mt lng d kh O 2, n khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 23,2 gam cht rn X. Th tch dung dch HCl 2M va
phn ng vi cht rn X l
A.400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 800 ml. D. 600 ml.
Cu 47. Ha tan hn hp gm 16 gam Fe2O3 v 9,6 gam Cu bng 300ml dung dch HCl 2M. Khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton th khi lng cht rn cha b ha tan ht l :
A. 0,0 gam. B. 5,6 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 3,2 gam
Cu 48. Ho tan 36 gam hn hp ng v oxit st t ( dng bt) theo t l mol 2 : 1 bng dung
dch HC1 d. Phn ng xong thu c dung dch X v cht rn Y. Khi lng cht rn Y l
A. 40,8% B. 40% C. 20,4% D. 53,6 %
Cu 49. em ho tan 5,6g Fe trong dung dich HNO 3 long sau khi phn ng kt thc, thy cn li
0,56g cht rn khng tan v V lt NO (kc). Tnh V
A. 1,344 B. 1,12 C. 4,48 D. 2,016
Cu 50. Cho 20 gam st vo dung dch HNO 3 long ch thu c sn phm kh duy nht l NO.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, cn d 3,2 gam st. Th tch NO thot ra iu kin tiu chun
l:
A. 2,24 lt B. 4,48 lt C. 6,75 lt D. 11,2 lt.
Cu 51. Cho 8,4 gam Fe vo dung dch HNO 3 long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
2,688 lt NO (kc) v dung dch A. Khi lng Fe(NO3)3 trong dung dch A l
Cu 52. Cho 8,4 gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,4 mol H 2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn
phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cn dung dch c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,8. B. 27,6. C. 35,2. D. 30.
Cu 53. Cho 19,2g Cu vo 1 lt dung dch gm H 2SO4 0,5M v KNO3 0,2M thy gii phng kh
NO. Tnh th tch kh NO ktC.
A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt.
Cu 54. Cho 1,92 gam Cu tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp HNO 3 0,4M v H2SO4 0,2M, sn
phm kh duy nht l kh NO. S gam mui khan thu c l
A. 5,64 B. 5,08 C. 10,08 D. 8,84
Cu 55. Dung dch A cha 0,02 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,3 mol HCl c kh nng ho tan c Cu vi
khi lng ti a l:
A. 6,4g. B. 0,576g. C. 5,76g. D. 0,64g.
DNG 3 NHIT LUYN, NHIT NHM TM CNG THC OXIT ST
Cu 56. Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi
lng st thu c l
Cu 57. Kh hon ton 5,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3 bng kh CO. Kh i ra sau
phn ng c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH)2d thy to ra 8 gam kt ta. Khi lng Fe thu c l
A. 4,63 gam B. 4,36gam C. 4,46 gam D. 4,64 gam
Cu 58. Thi rt chm 2,24 lt (ktc) mt hn hp kh gm CO v H 2 qua mt ng s ng hn hp
Al2O3, CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3 c khi lng l 24 gam ang c un nng. Sau khi kt thc phn ng
khi lng cht rn cn li trong ng s l
Cu 59. Cho kh CO nng qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 mt thi gian thu c 6,72 gam hn hp
X. Ha tan X vo dung dch HNO 3 d thy to thnh 0,448 lt kh NO (ktc) kh NO duy nht. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 5,56. B. 6,64. C. 7,20. D. 8,80.
Cu 60. Kh hon ton mt oxit st nhit cao cn va V lt kh CO (ktc), sau phn ng thu
c 0,84g Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc ca X v gi tr ca V ln lt l?
A. FeO v 0,224 B. Fe2O3 v 0,448
C. Fe3O4 v 0,448 D. Fe3O4 v 0,224

CHNG 8: NHN BIT MT S CHT V C
A. KIN THC CN NM
NHN BIT CC ION V C
1. Nhn bit cc cation:

Cation Dung dch thuc th Hin tng
Li+ Th mu ngn la Ngn la mu
Na+ Th mu ngn la Ngn la mu vng
K+ Th mu ngn la Ngn la mu tm
NH 4+ Dd baz OH- (to)+qu tm m C kh NH3(mi khai), lm xanh giy qu tm m
NH 4+ + OH- NH3 + H2O
Ca2+ 2-
Dd CO3 v CO2 Kt ta CaCO3, kt ta b tan khi sc CO2
2-
Ca2+ + CO3 CaCO3 (trng)
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 (dd )
2+ 2-
Ba Dd SO4 ( H2SO4, Na2SO4,...) Kt ta trng BaSO4 khng tan trong axt d
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Mg2+ dd baz OH - ( hoc dd NH3) Kt ta trng Mg(OH)2
Mg2+ + 2OH- Mg(OH)2
Mg2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4+
Fe2+ Dd baz OH - ( hoc dd NH3) Kt ta trng xanh Fe(OH)2 sau ho nu trong
khng kh Fe(OH)3
Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2
2Fe(OH)2 + 1/2 O2 + H2O 2Fe(OH)3
Fe3+ Dd baz OH - ( hoc dd NH3) Kt ta nu Fe(OH)3
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
Dd baz OH - Kt ta xanh Cu(OH)2
Cu2+ Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
Dd NH3 d Kt ta xanh Cu(OH)2, sau tan trong NH3 d to
thnh dung dch xanh m [Cu(NH3)4]2+
Cu2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Cu(OH)2 + 2NH4+
Cu(OH)2(rn) + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 (dd)
3+
Al Dd baz OH d -
Kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan trong kim d.
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 (rn) + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O
Cr3+ Dd baz OH - d Kt ta lc xm, sau kt ta tan trong kim d.

Cr3+ + 3OH- Cr(OH)3

-
Cr(OH)3 (rn) + OH- CrO2 + 2H2O
Dd baz OH - d Kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan trong kim d.
Zn2+ + 2OH- Zn(OH)2
2-
Zn(OH)2 + 2OH- ZnO2 + 2H2O
Zn2+ Dd NH3 d Kt ta trng Zn(OH)2, sau tan trong NH3 d
[Zn(NH3)2]2+
Zn2+ + 2NH3 + 2H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4+
Zn(OH)2 (rn) + 4NH3 [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2
2. Nhn bit cc anion:

Anion Dung dch thuc th Hin tng
NO3- Cu v dd axit H2SO4 long Dd c mu xanh, kh NO khng mu ha nu trong KK
3Cu + 4H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 2H2O
+
SO42- Dd BaCl2 trong mi trng H Kt ta trng BaSO4 khng tan trong cc axit mnh
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
+
CO32- Dd H v nc vi trong Kh CO2 lm c nc vi trong
2H+ + CO32 - CO2 + H2O
Cl - Dd AgNO3 Kt ta trng AgCl khng tan trong axit mnh nhng
tan trong NH3.
Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
PO43- Dd AgNO3 Kt ta vng Ag3PO4
3Ag+ + PO43- Ag3PO4
S2- dd Pb2+ (hoc Cu2+) Kt ta en ( CuS , PbS )
Pb2+ + S2- PbS
NHN BIT CC CHT KH
Kh Mu, mi Dung dch thuc th Hin tng

CO2 Khng mu, - Dd Ca(OH)2 hay Kt ta trng
khng mi Ba(OH)2 d CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
- Qu tm m
SO2 Khng mu, Dd Br2 hay KMnO4 dd Br2, dd KMnO4 b mt mu.
mi hc, c SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O 2H2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4
Cl2 Vng lc, mi Dd KI, h tinh bt Dd c mu xanh tm
hc, c Cl2 + 2KI 2KCl + I2
I2 sinh ra lm h tinh bt ho xanh tm

H2S Khng mu, Dd Cu2+ hoc Pb2+ Kt ta en khng tan trong axit mnh
mi trng thi, Cu2+ + S2- CuS
c
NH3 Khng mu, HCl (kh) hoc qu tm Khi trng (NH4Cl), qu tm t ha xanh, dd
mi khai t hoc dd phenolphtalein ha hng.
phenolphtalein.
O2 Khng mu, Que m cn than hng Que m bng chy
khng mi
O3 Khng mu, ddKI + h tinh bt Dd chuyn thnh mu xanh tm
mi xc KI + O3 + H2O I2 + 2KOH + O2
I2 sinh ra lm h tinh bt ho xanh tm
B. BI TP VN DNG
Cu 1. Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?
A. Zn, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg.
Cu 2: phn bit CO2 v SO2 ch cn dng thuc th l
A. dung dch Ba(OH)2. B. CaO. C. dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom.
Cu 3: C 5 dung dch ring r, mi dung dch cha mt cation sau y: NH 4+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+,
Al3+ (nng khong 0,1M). Dng dung dch NaOH cho ln lt vo tng dung dch trn, c th
nhn bit ti a c my dung dch?
A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch.
Cu 4: C 5 l cha ho cht mt nhn, mi l ng mt trong cc dung dch cha cation sau
(nng mi dung dch khong 0,01M): Fe 2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Al3+, Fe3+. Ch dng mt dung dch thuc
th KOH c th nhn bit c ti a my dung dch?
A. 2 dung dch. B. 3 dung dch. C. 1 dung dch. D. 5 dung dch.
Cu 5: C cc l dung dch ho cht khng nhn, mi l ng dung dch khng mu ca cc mui
sau: Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3. Ch dng thuc th l dung dch H2SO4 long nh
trc tip vo mi dung dch th c th c cc dung dch
A. Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3. B. Na2CO3, Na2S.
C. Na3PO4, Na2CO3, Na2S. D. Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3, Na2S, Na2SO3.
Cu 6: C 4 ng nghim khng nhn, mi ng ng mt trong cc dung dch khng mu sau(nng
khong 0,01M): NaCl, Na2CO3, KHSO4 v CH3NH2. Ch dng giy qu tm ln lt nhng vo
tng dung dch, quan st s i mu ca n c th nhn bit c dy cc dung dch no?
A. Hai dung dch NaCl v KHSO4. B. Hai dung dch CH3NH2 v KHSO4.
C. Dung dch NaCl. D. Ba dung dch NaCl, Na2CO3 v KHSO4.
Cu 7: phn bit dung dch Cr2(SO4)3 v dung dch FeCl2 ngi ta dng lng d dung dch
A. K2SO4. B. KNO3. C. NaNO3. D. NaOH.
Cu 8: C 4 mu kim loi l Na, Ca, Al, Fe. Ch dng thm nc lm thuc th c th nhn bit
c ti a

Cu 9: nhn bit ion NO3- ngi ta thng dng Cu v dung dch H 2SO4 long v un nng,
bi v:
A. to ra kh c mu nu. B. to ra dung dch c mu vng.
C. to ra kt ta c mu vng. D. to ra kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh.
Cu 10: C 4 dung dch l: NaOH, H2SO4, HCl, Na2CO3. Ch dng thm mt ha cht nhn
bit th dng cht no trong s cc cht cho di y?
A. Dung dch HNO3 B. Dung dch KOH. C. Dung dch BaCl2 D. Dung dch NaCl.
Cu 11: Sc mt kh vo nc brom, thy nc brom b nht mu. Kh l
A. CO2. B. CO. C. HCl. D. SO2.
Cu 12: Kh no sau c trong khng kh lm cho cc dng bng bc lu ngy b xm en?
A. CO2. B. O2. C. H2S. D. SO2.


Tài liệu ôn Thi THPTQG dành cho Hs Trung bình-Yếu

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tài liệu ôn Thi THPTQG dành cho Hs Trung bình-Yếu

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRNG TRUNG HC PH THNG HNG NG 1

CNG N THI TRUNG HC PH THNG QUC GIA

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 2

CHNG 1: ESTE - LIPIT................................................................................................................5

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 3

KIM LOI KIM TH........................................................................................................59

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 4

CHNG 1: ESTE - LIPIT

I. KHI NIM, DANH PHP, NG PHN.

- Mt s loi este thng gp:

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 5

H-COO-CH2-CH=CH2 Anlyl fomat

IV. TNH CHT HA HC

- c im: phn ng thun nghch , xy ra khng hon ton (H < 100%)

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 6

LU PHN NG X PHNG HO CA MT S ESTE C BIT

(Ancol CH3CH2=CH-OH khng bn chuyn thnh andehit: CH3CH2CHO)

Este RCOO-CR=CH-R: x phng ha to mui v xeton

(Ancol CH2=C(CH3)-OH khng bn s chuyn thnh axeton: (CH3)2C=O)

Este ca phenol RCOO-C6H4R: X phng ha to 2 mui (RCOONa v RC6H4ONa)

C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O

Poli(metyl metacrilat) - thy tinh hu c (plexiglas)

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 8

tristearin axit stearic glixerol

* Ch : Nu cht bo c k lin kt => n CO2 - n H 2O = (k 1). n Cn H2 n + 2 -2 kOa

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 9

B. BI TP L THUYT (BIT - HIU)

Cu 1. Cng thc no sau y c th dng cho este no n chc mch h

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 10

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 12

Cu 36. Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C 17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi

C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)

DNG 2: TON ESTE HA

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 13

DNG 3: TON T CHY

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 14

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 15

IV. TNH CHT HA HC

Dd Br2 Axit gluconic - - + - -

(Cht OXH) (Cht kh) Sobitol (M=182)

(Cht OXH) (Cht kh) Sobitol (M=182)

Dd da cam axit gluconic

( p/ chng t glucoz c 5 nhm OH)

7) Phn ng gia xenluloz vi axit nitric.

Xenluloz trinitrat (thuc sng khng khi)

B. BI TP L THUYT (BIT - HIU)

C. fructoz v mantoz. D. saccaroz v glucoz.

C. Cu(OH) v AgNO /NH

Cu 16. Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu c

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 18

A. phn ng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng.

Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O Amoni gluconat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 19

Z + H2O as/ chat

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 20

A. Cng thc phn t B. Tnh tan trong nc lnh

C. BI TP TON (VN DNG)

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 21

DNG 2: TON V PHN NG THY PHN - LN MEN - TC DNG HNO3

n CO2 = n C2 H5OH = 2.n gluco( pu)

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 22

cng n thi THPT Quc gia 2017 Trang 23

CHNG 3: AMIN - AMINO AXT - PEPTIT

I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI, DANH PHP.