DANH MC CC T VIT TT

AIDS : Acquired Immuno Dificiency Syndrome

BCS : Bao cao su

BPTT : Bin php trnh thai

H : i hc

HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection

KHHG : K hoch ha gia nh

NPT : No ph thai

QHTD : Quan h tnh dc

SKSS : Sc khe sinh sn

TP HCM : Thnh ph H Ch Minh

TW : Trung ng

VTN : V thnh nin

WTO : T chc Y t Th Gii

 T VN

Cng vi hi nhp pht trin kinh t x hi, giao lu vn ha cng c m rng,

s ci m trong cc mi quan h nam n, quan nim tnh dc cng thay i nhanh
chng v i tng chu s nh hng su sc nht l gii tr Vit Nam hin
nay, in hnh l nhng ngi vn cn l hc sinh, sinh vin. Theo nghin cu ca
Trung tm T vn, sc khe sinh sn v pht trin cng ng, Hi K hoch
ha gia nh Vit Nam cng ch ra rng, c 96% hc sinh khng nh c cm xc
yu ng la tui hc sinh, sinh vin; gn 70% cho rng y l tnh trng ph
bin [1]. iu li nhng hu qu khng nh, trong c thai ngoi mun
l trng hp hay gp v i km vi n l hnh vi no ph thai khng an ton qua
thy rng quan h tnh dc khng an ton t l thun vi s ca no ph thai. Ph
thai l mt trong nhng tnh hung kh x nhn quyn ln nht ca thi i chng
ta [11]. Ti mt s quc gia nh Hn Quc, t tin ph thai s chu s trng pht
ca php lut. Ti Vit Nam cng c b lut v ph thai nh ti iu 319 d tho
B Lut Hnh s (sa i) quy nh r s pht ci to khng giam gi n 3 nm
hoc b pht t t 1-3 nm nu thc hin vic ph thai tri php gy thit hi n
tnh mng hoc thit hi v sc khe cho ngi mang thai [2]. Vn no ph thai
l mt ti chung rt c quan tm. T l ph n no ph thai nm trong tui
t 18 n 24 l rt cao [3]. Nhm ny nm trong i tng l nhng hc sinh, sinh
vin. V th nn no ph thai khng an ton ca sinh vin l mi lo ngi ca ton
x hi.

Thc t, c nhin nghin cu cho thy no ph thai khng an ton s dn ti

nhng hu qu nghim trng nh hng n sc khe nht l sc khe sinh sn
[4]. Sinh vin l nhng i tng c s pht trin y v th cht ( ln hn
18 tui) nhng vn cn thiu kin thc v quan h tnh dc an ton, s dng cc
bin php trnh thai hp l nn rt d dn n c thai ngoi mun sau khi quan h
tnh dc. Trong nhng trng hp ny, phn ln i tng la chn no, ph thai.
Kin thc ca sinh vin v cc dch v ph thai hp php v an ton c tm
thy l kh ngho v h thng c thi lo ngi, xu h v mun du dim nn
thng tm n nhng c s no ph thai khng hp php hay no, ph thai "chui".
Nhng c s "chui" ny khng m bo an ton v v sinh y t nn c th li
nhng di chng cho sau khi no ph thai nh: bng huyt, thiu mu, st nhau thai,
nhim trng, tc ng dn trng, v sinh, t vong...
Quan h tnh dc khng an ton khng ch nh hng n s pht trin ca c th,
nhim bnh tnh dc m cn l mt nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng no ph thai
khng an ton din ra nhiu trn lan gy him mun, v sinh n v tng nguy c
t vong. Mi ngy, c khong 1.000 ph n t vong do cc nguyn nhn c th
phng nga lin quan n vic mang thai v sinh v 99% ca tt c cc ca t
vong m xy ra cc nc ang pht trin [5].Bng chng cng cho thy thanh
thiu nin phi i mt vi mt nguy c cao b bin chng v t vong nh mt kt
qu ca thai k so vi ph n ln tui Ph thai l mt kinh nghim rt ph bin
trong mi nn vn ha v x hi [6,7]. Trong s 210 triu ngi mang thai xy ra
mi nm trn ton cu, c tnh c khong 46 triu ngi (22 phn trm) kt thc
trong ph thai, trong mi quan h , 19 triu ph n ph thai khng an ton kinh
nghim hng nm[6 - 9]. Trong khu vc chu Phi ng, 2,3 triu ca ph thai (hu
nh tt c khng an ton, <0,05 an ton) xy ra trong nm 2003, a t l no
ph thai cc khu vc 39 trn 1000 ph n trong tui sinh. Cng vi xu hng
yu sm, t l no ph thai tui v thnh nin ( t 15 - 19 tui) ca Vit Nam
hin b xp vo hng cao nht ng Nam v ng th 5 trn th gii [6]
(khong 300.000 ca no ht mi nm). Theo thng k ca bnh vin ph sn trung
ng [10], nhng nm gn y mi nm c trn 5.000 ca no ph thai, trong c
ti 30% di 24 tui. a s cc trng hp i no ht thai khi c thai c 3 -
4 thng.

Sinh vin l i tng c quan tm nht ca x hi, l ng lc, ngun lc cn

cho s pht trin ca x hi v vy vic cung cp kin thc cho sinh vin hnh
thnh t tng, li sng quan h tnh dc lnh mnh t bo v chnh bn thn
mnh cng nh bo v tng lai chung ca t nc l vic lm rt cn thit ca
gia nh, nh trng, x hi hay cng chnh bn thn mi sinh vin.

Tnh trng qua h tnh dc ba bi, c thai ngoi mun dn ti hnh vi no ph

thai khng an ton cng nhng hu qu nguy him li ang l mi quan tm
chung ca ton x hi. l l do chng ti chn ti: "Kho st kin thc,
thi , thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai khng an ton ca sinh vin i
hc Hu nm 2015". Nhm nh gi thc trng tm hiu nguyn nhn t c
nhng gii php x l thch hp.

Mc tiu ti:

1. Kho st v kin thc, thi , thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai ca sinh vin
i hc Hu nm 2015.
2. Mi quan h gia kin thc, thi v thc hnh n hnh vi no ph thai ca
sinh vin i hc Hu nm 2015.

Chng 1 TNG QUAN TI LIU

1.TNH TRNG NO PH THAI HIN NAY
1.1. Th gii
Ph thai c coi l mt th thut an ton trong nghnh y t. Tuy nhin, nhng v
ph thai khng an ton ti cc c s y t khng c cp php l nguyn nhn gy
ra nhng him ha khn lng.Hng nm trn th gii c khong:
- 42 triu ca ph thai
- 20 triu ca ph thai khng an ton
- 70.000 ca t vong b m
- 5 triu ca khuyt tt
Trung Quc, theo con s thng k ca nc ny vo nm 2009, trung bnh mi
nm c ti 13 triu ca no, ph thai. Nhng nhng nh chc trch khng nh rng,
trn thc t con s ny c th ln hn rt nhiu v khng ai c th kim sot c
ht nhng ngi ung thuc ph thai ti nh hoc n cc c s chui no, ph
thai. ]
Theo s liu ca Lin Hp Quc, c 1000 ngi ph n trong tui sinh
Trung Quc th c ti 24 ngi no ph thai. Kinh khng hn, cng tiu ch ny, t
l Nga l 50 ngi trn 1000 ngi.
Vi Hn quc, t nc c lut chng ph thai, t l ph cng khng phi l nh.
Theo B Y t an sinh x hi Hn, c ti 342.433 v ph thai nm 2005. Theo
nghin cu nm 2012, s ca ph thai tnh ti nm 2010 Hn Quc gim xung
cn 160.000 ca. Tuy nhin con s ny khng phi l du hiu kh quan. L do v
Hn Quc l t nc quy nh ph thai l hnh vi phm ti, c th b bt i t nn
nhiu ngi ra nc ngoi lm vic ny.
Theo s liu ca Tng cc dn s k hoch ha gia nh Vit Nam, M gn na
s ph n c thai l ngoi mun v trung bnh c 10 trng hp c thai ngoi
mun th c n 4 trng hp kt thc bng ph thai. 20% tng s ph n c thai
ngoi (khng tnh sy thai) kt thc bng ph thai.
Cng theo cng b ny, 40% ph n da trng, 69% ph n da en v 54% ph n
gc Ty Ban Nha c thai ngoi mun. Nm 2008 c 1,21 tru ca ph thai c
thc hin, gim t 1,31 tru ca nm 2000. Tuy nhin, trong cc nm 2005 n
2008, tnh trng ph thai gim chm. iu ng bun l hu ht nhng ngi ph
thai u l nhng c gi cn rt tr. V nhng hu qu pha sau ln chi b quyn
lm m l c mt bi kch ko di.[12].
1.2. Vit Nam
Theo thng k mi nht ca Hi K hoch ha gia nh Vit Nam: Trung bnh mi
nm c nc c khong 300.000 ca no ht thai tui 15-19, trong 60-70%
l hc sinh, sinh vin.
Ring ti H Ni, t l thanh thiu nin chim khong 30% dn s trong khi , t
l no ph thai chim trn 22%.
Vi con s k lc ny, Vit Nam tr thnh nc c t l no ph thai tui v
thnh nin cao nht ng Nam v ng th 5 trn th gii.[13]
TP HCM c cho l c t l no ph thai cao nht, c bit l tnh trng no ph
thai tui v thnh nin c xu hng tng sau mi nm. Nu nm 2010 t l n v
thnh nin ph thai l 2% trong tng s ca no ph thai th nm 2013 con s ny
tng gp i.
Theo nhn xt ca cc chuyn gia dn s k hoch ha gia nh, thc trng no ph
thai ca TP HCM ni ring v c nc ni chung cho thy mt b phn khng nh
v thnh nin v thanh nin cn hn ch kin thc v k nng chm sc sc khe
sinh sn.
Cn theo nhn nh ca Qu dn s Lin Hip quc, vic mang thai tui v thnh
nin s li nhng h ly v hu qu nng n do cc b m nh tui cn qu tr
v th cht v tinh thn.
Trc thc trng trn, hng ng ngy Dn s th gii vi ch "u t cho
thanh nin", ngnh dn s TP HCM cho bit s tip tc y mnh cc hot ng
gio dc - truyn thng, t vn v to iu kin ti a cho v thnh nin v thanh
nin nng cao kin thc thay i hnh vi nhm ci thin t l no ph thai v
sinh con khi cn qu tr.
Ti Tin Giang, nm 2013 tng s ph n ph thai thng k c l
4.489/19.375 tr sinh sng. Nh vy c 100 tr c cho i th c n 23 trng
hp ph thai v 3,89% trong s l v thnh nin. T 2011 n nay Chi cc Dn
s - KHHG tnh Tin Giang trin khai thc hin M hnh T vn v khm sc
khe tin hn nhn ti 6 x thuc huyn Tn Ph ng. Qua t vn, khm sc
khe cho 496 cp nam n chun b kt hn pht hin 20 trng hp mang thai
trc khi ci v 18 trng hp v thnh nin .[14].
Cng theo thng k ca y ban quc gia dn s v k hoch ha gia nh, nc
ta, c 1 tr em ra i th c 1 bo thai b ph b. Mi nm c 1,2-1,6 triu tr em
c sinh ra tng ng vi l s bo thai b ph b. ng ch hn c l s tr
v thnh nin no ph thai Vit Nam cao hn nhiu ln so vi cc quc gia dn
u v no ph thai.
Phi tha nhn mt thc t rng, phn ln nhng ca ph thai u ri vo i tng
v thnh nin, cha c gia nh, cha kt hn. iu ng ngha vi vic khi c
thai, phn ln cc bn tr ngh ti gii quyt nhanh gn, th tiu hu qu.[12]
Ngy nay, cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, tnh trng no ph thai cng ang tng
theo trong gii tr cha lp gia nh, chim gn 30% tng s ca ph thai. c bit,
c ti 53% ph thai mun, khng an ton v ph thai trn 1 ln, cng khng thiu
nhng bn n l hc sinh, sinh vin hai ln chi b a con ca mnh.
Tnh trng ph thai chung n gii nc ta cng rt cao. Theo GS.BS Nguyn Th
Ngc Phng, nguyn Gim c Bnh vin T D, TP.HCM, thc trng no ph
thai rt ng lo ngi. Mi nm, ti Vit Nam, c khong 700.000 ph n no ph
thai. Ring TP.HCM, vi khong 7 triu dn, mi nm c khong hn 100.000
ca sinh, nhng s ca no ph thai cng tng ng.
Ti bnh vin T D, mi nm tng s sinh khong 45.000 ngi nhng no ph
thai hn 30.000 ngi. C nc c 5% em gi sinh con trc 18 tui v 15% sinh
con trc 20 tui, trong s thanh nin cha lp gia nh chim khong 30%. D
tt c cc trng hp n ph thai u c t vn, nhng vn c rt nhiu ngi
quay tr li ph thai ln hai... Cn ti khoa KHHG-Bnh vin Ph sn H Ni,
trung bnh mi nm c t 12.000-15.000 ca no ht thai. Trong s cc ca no ph
thai tui v thnh nin c 60-70% l hc sinh, sinh vin.
Con s no ph thai tht ng bo ng. Vn ny khng ch nhc nhi thc
trng no ph thai tr v thnh nin, m cn tnh trng ph thai chung trong n
gii nc ta cng rt cao. Theo s liu t Vin Sc khe sinh sn v gia nh, Vit
Nam l mt trong 3 nc c t l no ph thai cao nht th gii, trung bnh mi
ngy c 20 ca no ph thai, trong 30-40% ngi ph thai l cc bn hc sinh,
sinh vin v cng nhn.
1.3. Ti thnh ph Hu
Tnh trng no ph thai tui v thnh nin lun l mt vn gy nhc nhi cho
gia nh nh trng v x hi. Nhiu nm qua, cng tc tuyn truyn gio dc cho
thanh thiu nin v cng tc chm sc sc khe sinh sn c quan tm v ch
trng. Tuy nhin, trong xu th x hi ngy cng pht trin, tnh trng thanh thiu
nin c quan h tnh dc sm ang ngy cng gia tng, dn n tnh trng no ph
thai cng gia tng nhanh hn.[15].

Theo s liu t Trung tm Chm sc sc khe sinh Tha Thin Hu, trong 6
thng u nm 2013, n v ny x l 76 trng hp ph thai, phn ln l hc
sinh, sinh vin v 419 trng hp cho thanh nin tr (20-24 tui). So vi cng k
nm trc, t l ph thai tui v thnh nin tng hn cp i (76/33) v tui
thanh nin tr tng 50% (419/332). Nhng con s trn mi ch Trung tm Chm
sc sc khe sinh sn. Thc t cn ln hn nhiu bi do tm l lo s, mc c khi
lm l, cc em li mun giu bt ngi thn, bn b nn thng n c s y t t
nhn gii quyt hu qu.[16].
T cc s liu trn ta thy so vi cng k nm 2012, s lng no ph thai trong
tui vj thnh nin ti cc Trung tm chm sc sc khe sinh sn Tha Thin Hu
tng ln kh cao.
2. NGUYN NHN CA TNH TRNG NO PH THAI HIN NAY
C rt nhiu nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng no ph thai, trong trc ht xut
pht chnh t gii tr. Gii tr hoc thiu kin thc, hoc khng lm ch c
mnh, hoc thch cuc sng hng th, bung th, khng tn trng chun mc o
c ca cng ng hay lut l ca tn gio. V c v vn cc l do c cc bn
tr a ra ngy bin cho hnh ng ca mnh.
C rt nhiu nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng no ph thai nhng ch yu l cc
nguyn nhn sau y:
a. Nguyn nhn bn thn
Do thiu hiu bit v kin thc gii tnh nn cc bn n t i tm hiu bn b
ca mnh hay tm trn mng nhng thc phim khng lnh mnh. ng thi, nhiu
bn khng lm ch c mnh khi yu nhau dn n c thai. Theo chuyn vin
t vn, b L Th Mai, trung tm t vn hn nhn v gia nh TPHCM cho bit:
Mt s bn tr yu nhau n khi c thai, ngi yu cao chy xa bay, li hu qu
cho i phng mt bo thai, cui cng ngi con gi nh phi i no ph thai.
Hn na, nhiu bn t nguyn sng th trc hn nhn, c bit l cc bn
n sinh vin v cng nhn. Cc bn thch mt cuc sng hng th, phng ng,
khng tn trng chun mc o c ca cng ng hay lut l ca tn gio. Rt
nhiu bn khng nhng xem thng gio lut v lut php m cn t h thp nhn
phm ca mnh, khng coi trng gia nh, cho d bit hnh ng mnh ang lm l
sai tri vi chun mc cuc sng nhng vn c tnh bc vo.
C rt nhiu trng hp cc bn ly l do ny ngy bin cho hnh ng ti
c ca mnh. Cng nh mang l l ra kho lp v bin minh cho vic lm sai
tri ca mnh.
b. Nguyn nhn t gia nh
Ngy nay, vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t, khoa hc, cha m mi m kim tin
nn t c thi gian chm sc con ci. Nhiu gia nh ph mc con cho nh
trng v x hi, n khi pht hin con mnh c thai th mun. Hn na, cha m
ngi chia s kin thc gii tnh cho con ci. C nhng trng hp khi con hi cha
m v vn gii tnh, h li ni: sau ny con lp gia nh s bit! Mt bn tr tm
s: Do cha m em i lm v mun, mi ln i hc v, em cm thy bun, khng c
ai chia s, nn em kim bn tm s. Sau mt thi gian quen nhau, chng em
vt qu gii hn, nn em c thai.
Ngi ta thng ni: Sng trc u sng sau cng . Trong mt gia
nh cha m tng ph thai th khng th gio dc con ci li sng lnh mnh v
khi con ci theo cha m vp phi sai lm th l ng nhin, ph thai s tip tc
bnh trng v c xem nh l mt phng tin cu nguy cho gia nh y. Theo
tin s Hunh Vn Sn, trng khoa tm l i hc s phm TPHCM cho rng:
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n tnh trng no ph thai gii tr l s gio
dc ca gia nh cn qu lng lo, t quan tm ti cc em, nht l lc cc em ang
tui cp k yu ng, cc em mun c ngi ng hnh chia s.
c. Nguyn nhn t x hi
Vi nh hng gio dc sai lm trong x hi v ngun gc loi ngi, so snh
s hnh thnh ca thai nhi trong cc giai on vi cc ng vt khc, dn n
nhng t duy khng lnh mnh, xem thai nhi trong giai on hnh thnh v pht
trin khng phi l con ngi. Hay cc chng trnh gim sinh, k hoch ho,
tuyn truyn trit sn, thm ch do dm sa thi, ui vic, cch chc v.v... lm
cho mt s ln c nhn sy chn vo t nn no ph thai thc sai lm do cc
ng li gio dc sai lm v h thng lut php va lng lo va chch hng, s
tn ti rt lu trong tm thc con ngi, cng lm cho x hi tr nn ri ren hn v
tha ho nhn cch hn.
Bn cnh , gii tr chng ta ang b cun ht bi nn vn ha Ty Phng du
nhp vo, l mt nn vn ha thc dng, t do tha mn tnh dc. V th nh
mt truyn thng tt p ca ngi ng, l: tn trng l ngha gia phong,
nam n th th bt tng thn, nt p ca ngi con gi l thy m nt na Cn
nhiu v p truyn thng ang b xa m trong th gii hng th ngha l ti
c quyn s dng nhng g thuc v ti ngay c vn tnh dc. ng thi, Mt
khi lut php cn chp nhn ph thai th lm sao trong nh trng c th gio dc
ngc li.
Hn na, do nhng iu kin thc ti nh sng xa nh, khng c s qun l ca
gia nh, thm vo l ng lng qu thp, mi trng sng ngho nn thiu
cc loi hnh gii tr lnh mnh. ng thi, nguyn nhn trc tip l do li sng
bung th hin nay trong mt b phn khng nh ca gii tr chng ta. Mt s bn
sinh vin ngho khng c iu kin gii tr. Tm hiu cc khu nh tr sinh vin,
cng nhn, phng no "giu" lm mi sm c chic tivi hay u a nghe nhc.
Cn cc chng trnh biu din khc th nm th mi ha mi c mt on ti,
nhng phi mua v vo cng.
Mt khc, con s no ph thai ca gii tr c bit tng nhanh sau cc k ngh tt,
Quc t lao ng, Quc khnh v cui hc k ca nm hc, sinh nhtMt bn
sinh vin chia s: Sau khi sinh nht v, thay v ch em v nh, nhng ngi
yu em ch vo nh ngh. Sau m , em c thai m khng hay bit.
3. HU QU CA VIC NO PH THAI
Hng nm c khong 46 triu trng hp ph thai trn th gii, trong c 20
triu trng hp ph thai khng hp php, cc trng hp ny thng xy ra cc
nc ang pht trin, l nguyn nhn cp i gn 1 triu sinh mng ca ch em
ph n do nhng tai bin v bin chng ca ph thai khng an ton.
Vic no ph thai li hu qu khng nhng cho sc khe, tm l m cn nh
hng c v lng tm
a. Hu qu v sc khe
Theo bc s Mai Lan bnh vin Ph sn TW cho bit, no ph thai rt d dn
n hu qu v cng nguy him cho cc ch em ph n, nht l gii tr.
T l trung bnh ca tai bin v bin chng ca no ht thai khang 2-10%.
Bin chng ca ph thai ph thuc vo tui thai v phng thc ly thai. Nu tui
thai < 8 tun t l bin chng < 1%; tui thai 8 12 tun t l bin chng 1,5
2%; tui thai 12 - 13 tun t l bin chng 3 - 6%; ph thai tam c nguyt 2 t l
bin chng c th tng n 50%.
Gn nh n VTN thiu ht v kin thc sinh sn nn khng bit c thai lc no,
hoc do lo s lng tng khng bit cc gii quyt nn khi tui thai rt ln mi
quyt nh b thai do c rt nhiu tai bin.

*Tai bin v bin chng sm:

- Chy mu m o nhiu hoc mu trong t cung nhiu: gp trong cc trng
hp thai to, t cung nho do sinh nhiu ln.
- Rch c t cung khi c t cung sit cng ngi cha sinh.
- Thng t cung do t th t cung bt thng.
- Tai bin do gy m, t hay do d ng thuc (him gp)
*Tai bin v bin chng mun:
- St nhau, st thai: cn tr li ngay khi c du hiu bt thng nh au bng, ra
huyt c mi hi, st, n lnh
- Nhim trng: cn ung thuc theo toa bc s, gi v sinh ph n.
- Rong kinh.
- Dnh bung t cung gy v kinh khi tin s no thai nhiu ln.
- c ch v mt tnh cm.
- V sinh: 20% ngi iu tr v sinh c tin s ph thai.
- Thai ngoi t cung.
V rt nhiu bn tr, sau khi no ph thai vnh vin khng bao gi c lm
m na. Theo t chc Y t th gii (WHO) cho bit mi nm trn th gii c n
70.000 ngi cht v ph thai.
b. Hu qu v tm l
 Vic no ph thai lm cho tm tr ca ngi m khng nhng b b m nh m
cn s hi, trm cm.
Theo tin s tm l V Gia Hin trng khoa x hi hc i hc Bnh Dng cho
bit: Sau khi no ph thai, cc bn tr thng rt hoang mang, m nh ca thai nhi,
nht l mi khi nhn thy cc ch em mang bu l h nh n vic b i git mu
ca mnh . Cn theo chuyn vin t vn, b L Th Mai, trung tm t vn hn nhn
v gia nh TPHCM cho bit: Sau khi no ph thai, cc bn tr thng rt hoang
mang, lo lng, c trng hp cn mt n mt ng mt thi gian rt lu, dn n
tm l khng c n nh.
Ti Tp.HCM sang chn tm l sau b thai n VTN thng biu hin di dng
suy nhc tinh thn chim t l 27,5% trong cc trng hp ph thai. Trong
mc nh chim 63,64%, trung bnh 27,27% v nng 9,09%. Cc trng hp
nng thng do c lin quan n bin chng v khng c s h tr tinh thn bi
gia nh.

Bn cnh , no ph thai khng nhng lm tn thng rt ln cho ngi ph

n sau khi lp gia nh m cn lm cho h rt mc cm n nhng vt thng m
mnh gy ra. Theo Linh mc L Quang Uy, Dng Cha Cu Th, ngi ph
trch Nhm Bo V S Sng, cho bit: Nhng trng hp m chng ti bit c
th r rng l c mt hu qu li rt nng n v lu di v mt th l, tc l trn
thn xc ca h n b tn thng kinh khng.
Nhng hng ca x hi
C thai sm s gii hn c hi hc tp v lm vic ca ph n tr, iu ny c
khuynh hng lm cho h v con ci ca h s ngho. Bn cnh l gnh nng
trc tip m x hi phi gnh chu: gia tng chm sc y t, tr cp ngho kh v
gin tip to ra mt lc lng lao ng c trnh thp.[17].
4. S HIU BIT V HNH VI NO PH THAI
4.1. Mt s khi nim lin quan
Ph thai c hiu mt cch n gin l mt bin php nhm chm dt qu
trnh thai nghn. N c th xy ra theo hai cch: ngu nhin hoc c mc ch. Hu
ht cc v ph thai u c mc ch. Nhng trng hp ngoi l, tc l nhng v
ph thai v tai nn, c thc hin do cc khuyt tt ca ngi m hoc a con,
i khi ca c hai. Chng c gi l trng hp ph thai bc pht phn bit
vi nhng trng hp khng phi v tai nn, m b gi bng ci tn hi qu
mnh l ti ph thai. iu ny gy lng tng v mt s trng hp ti ph
thai li c thc hin mt cch bc pht. Tt hn nn gi hnh thc th hai ny
bng ci tn ph thai c ch ch hay c ph thai.
Th no l ph thai an ton:
Ph thai an ton nht v t tai bin nht l bnh vin chuyn khoa sn, do cc bc
s c trnh chuyn mn v c tay ngh cao thc hin, theo di, c s y t m
bo iu kin v cng tuyt i v c th cp cu kp thi vi nhng trng hp
tai bin, iu kin sc khe ca thai sn cho php vic thc hin ph thai v tui
thai cha ln, trong vng t 7 n 8 tun.
Th no l ph thai khng an ton:
Loi ph thai nguy him nht c l l ln lt v dn d m nhng ngi c thai
t a vo t cung mnh nhng cht ha hc. Mt s bn gi khi ln u c thai rt
lo s, khng dm n bnh vin. Trong iu kin nh c bn t hnh h mnh
bng cch t vo m o nhng ha cht hoc tim qua ven nhng cht c
gy ra sy thai. Sau nhng cuc phu thut ln lt nh vy nguy c v sinh thng
gp cao gp 4 ln. Nguy him cn c th xy ra i vi nhng trng hp ph thai
qu ln - trn 12 tun tui. Trong nhng trng hp ny khi no r xy ra
nhng thng tn khc nhau i vi t cung. Mt trong nhg nguy him l do
xng ca bo thai qu to c th lm xy xc hoc lm thng t cung. i vi
nhng bn gi c khi u, ph thai cng rt nguy him.
4.2. Cc bin php ph thai an ton hin nay
Hin nay c cc phng php ph thai an ton khc nhau ph thuc vo tun
tui ca thai nhi,cc bc s s a cc phng php tt nht.
 Theo cc bc s sn khoa, mc an ton ca cc phng php no ph
thai tng ng v ph thuc vo tun thai ca thai nhi. Vi thai nhi di 12
tun tui, c 2 phng php ph thai an ton l dng thuc hoc ht thai. Vi
thai nhi 13 tun n 18 tun tui th dng phng php nong v gp.
Th thut ph thai (ph thai an ton) mc ch trnh nhng hu qu do tai bin ca
vic ph thai khng an ton gy ra v c bit l khng nh hng n chuyn sinh
n sau ny.
An ton v thi im v bin php no ph thai
iu u tin, nu bn c y l do khng gi ci thai trong bng th
ng nn chn ch, hy quyt nh mt cch dt khot sm chng no, tt chng
y v cng dm lu, vic no ph thai s cng km an ton, nhng ri ro sau khi
no ph thai cng gia tng gp nhiu ln so vi trc.
Theo , bn cn ti cc c s y t chuyn khoa (bnh vin ph sn) uy tn
kim tra sc khe v nhn c s t vn, h tr v phng php no ph thai sao
cho hiu qu, an ton nht c th. Ty thuc vo tui thai v iu kin ca tng c
s y t m cc bc s s quyt nh s dng bin php no an ton nht cho bn.
c bit, nn ch nhng thi im no ph thai v cc bin php tng thch vi
tng thi im c th ca thai k:
Ph thai bng thuc: c thc hin i vi trng hp tui thai di 7 tun tui.
Ht thai: c thc hin khi tui thai cha qu 8 tun tui.
No thai: c thc hin khi tui thai cha qu 12 tun tui.
Ph thai bng kovax: c thc hin khi tui thai ln.
V chc chn l khng c ht hoc no ph thai ngoi tui thai quy nh. C
th l cc trng hp: ht thai c chm kinh so vi thng trc t 7 10 ngy; no
ph thai c chm kinh tnh t ngy kinh cui cng l 8 9 tun l. Mi thi
im v mi bin php no ph thai u tim n nhng nguy c bin chng ring,
khi chng c tin hnh cng mun, nguy him cho m v thai nhi cng ln.
 An ton v a im no ph thai
Ni no ph thai an ton nht m bn c th ngh n trc tin l bnh vin sn
khoa, khoa sn ca bnh vin a khoa tnh, nh h sinh, trung tm bo v b m tr
em v k hoch ha gia nh, ch tuyt nhin khng phi l cc c s y t t nhn,
nht l nhng ni cha c cp php hay c s ca cc thy lang, thy thuc
vn. L do rt n gin, bi v nhng a im ny mi m bo y cc
iu kin tin hnh no ph thai mt cch an ton nh cn b y t c trnh
chuyn mn, tay ngh cao, c s y t m bo iu kin v trng tuyt i v c
th cp cu kp thi vi nhng trng hp tai bin
Ring vi thai to trn 3 thng (trn 12 tun tui), ch c khoa sn bnh vin
tuyn tnh tr ln mi c gii quyt v cng phi nm trong tiu chun k thut
cho php.
An ton trong v sau khi no ph thai
Cc thai ph mun b ci thai ca mnh an ton th trc khi no ph thai cn
phi c kim tra sc khe ton din v lm cc xt nghim cn thit, ng thi
phi c s t vn k lng ca cn b y t chuyn khoa. Bn cnh , yu t
tinh thn l cc k quan trng lm nn thnh cng ca mt ca no ph thai v
gip bn vng vng, n nh sc khe sau khi no, ph.
Nu trong qu trnh no, ph thai c bt thng phi c x l cp cu ti ch
hoc c chuyn ln vin tuyn cao hn, hoc c tuyn trn v h tr k
thut an ton cho thai ph.
Sau khi tin hnh xong xui, thai ph cn nm bt ng, ngh ngi ti ch t 1
6 gi, nu thy bnh thng mi tr v nh. Cng vi , bn cn phi tun th
nhng bc sau m bo an ton cho bn thn v lu, v di:
Theo di st tnh trng ra mu, nu thy mt trong nhng du hiu khng bnh
thng nh au nhiu bng di, st hoc cm gic n lnh, chy mu nhiu
hn ra mu kinh bnh thng, ra mu ko di trn 10 ngy, c th yu, mt, cn
cc du hiu nghn (nn, bun nn, s mi thc n), cha thy kinh tr li sau 6
tun, m o ra nhiu kh h c mi hi th hy n ngay c s y t ti khm v
iu tr kp thi nh.
Dng thuc theo n ca bc s.
V sinh b phn sinh dc bng nc sch hoc nc ra v sinh ph n, thay
bng v sinh 3 4 ln/ngy v 1 ln/m. Khng c tht ra m o.
Ngh ngi, trnh lm vic nng.
n ung nhiu cht b dng, trnh thc n, ung c cht kch thch.
4.3. Nhng quy nh ca php lut i vi hnh vi no ph thai
D thao B Lut Hinh s sa i quy i nh ro v x ly nhng ngi hanh ngh trai
phep va pha thai cho tr vi thanh nin
Ta i iu 319 d tho B Lut Hnh s (sa i) quy nh ro se pha t cai ta o khng
giam gi n 3 nm ho c bi pha t tu t 1-3 nm n u thc hin vi c pha thai trai
phep gy thit ha i n tin
h ma ng ho c thi t ha i v sc khoe cho ngi mang thai.
Mc an nay con ap du ng cho ngi a bi x
ly ky lu t, x pha t hanh chinh v hanh
vi nay ho c a bi k t an v t i nay, cha c xoa an tich ma con vi pha m. ang
chu y, hanh vi pha thai i vi nhi u ngi ho c pha thai cho tre vi tha
nh nin se bi
pha t tu t 3-7 nm tu.[2].

5. MI LIN QUAN GIA KIN THC, THI , THC HNH VI

HNH VI NO PH THAI
xc nh r tnh hnh no ph thai ca quc gia v trin khai cc bin php can
thip phng chng no ph thai ti quc gia ca mnh nn bt u t u v cc
bin php c st vi cc yu cu thc t tnh trng no ph thai hin nay
khngtt c cc nc u ch yu da vo iu tra kin thc, thi , thc hnh
v no ph thai lm nn mng c bn. Sinh vin l qun th d b tc ng bi
hnh vi no ph thai.
C nhiu yu t lm tng t l no ph thai trong thanh nin:
- Chnh s thiu hiu bit, tui tr, kinh nghim sng cha nhiu, tm sinh l cha
n nh trong khi li c nhu cu tnh dc rt cao nn hnh vi tnh dc khng an
ton trong sinh vin chim t l cao.
- D l tng lp tr thc nh hc sinh, sinh vin c tip cn vi ngun thng tin
d dng nht, c o to c bn nhng kin thc thc hnh v no ph thai ca
hc sinh, sinh vin vn cn thp. iu ny cho thy cn nhiu tn ti trong vic
gio dc, truyn thng ca nh trng, ca cn b chng trnh phng chng no
ph thai.
- Sinh vin l i tng cn ph thuc nhiu v gia nh nn khng c iu kin
v kinh t sinh con v nui con. Vic sinh con tui ny s gy nh hng
ti vic hc tp, tng lai ca bn thn nn hu ht h cc bn tr la chn vic
ph thai v tng lai ca bn thn.
Do vy hot ng thng tin, truyn thng, gio dc lm cho mi ngi c kin
thc v phng trnh mang thai ngoi mun hay hng n nhng gii php no
ph thai an ton. Kin thc v no ph thai ca ngi dn thu c thng qua cc
phng tin thng tin i chng, qua sch bo, hc ti trng gip qu trnh
nhn thc v nguy c c hnh thnh, gio dc truyn thng tt s c vai tr cng
c nim tin, t c nhng hnh vi bo v mnh, bn b v ngi thn.
 Chng 2

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1. I TNG NGHIN CU

2.1.1. i tng nghin cu.

Sinh vin cc trng i hc trc thuc i hc Hu.

2.1.2. a im v thi gian nghin cu.

- a im nghin cu: cc trng i hc trc thuc i hc Hu.

- Thi gian nghin cu: Nghin cu c thc hin t thng 1 n thng 3 nm

2015.

2.2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU.

2.2.1. Phng php nghin cu.

Kt hp gia phng php nghin cu nh lng ( iu tra trn mu thng qua b

cu hi phng vn ) v phng php nghien cu nh tnh ( tho lun hm c trng
tm).

2.2.2. Thit k nghin cu.

Nghin cu m t ct ngang.

2.2.3. C mu.

C mu c tnh theo cng thc:

n =Z2(1- )

Trong :
n: L c mu nghin cu.

Z: gi tr thu c t bng Z ng vi mc ngha thng k . y ta chn

=0,05 ta c Z = 1,96.

p: T l sinh vin cc trng i hc trc thuc i hc Hu c kin thc, thi ,

thc hnh ng v no ph thai, ly p=0,5.

d: chnh xc mong mun ( sai s chp nhn),d = 5%.

Cng vi 10% phng trng hp phiu iu tra khng t, c c mu cui

cng l 514.

2.2.4. Phng php chn mu.

2.2.4.1. Chn mu trong phng php nghin cu nh lng.

Bc 1: chn ngu nhin 4 trng i hc trong tng s 10 trng i hc thuc

i hc Hu . chn c 4 trng l:

Trng i hc Y Dc Hu.

Trng i hc S phm Hu.

Trng H Ngh thut Hu.

Trng i hc nng lm Hu.

Bc 2: Mi trng ta chn ngu nhin mt lp trong mi ngnh

Bc 3: Trong mi lp ni trn ta chn ngu nhin 25 sinh vin lp mu nghin

cu.

2.2.4.2. Chn mu trong phng php nghin cu nh tnh.

T chc tho lun nhm

-T chc 2 cuc tho lun nhm vi:

Tho lun nhm 1: cc i tng ton nam.

Tho lun nhm 2: cc i tng ton n.

-Cch thc t chc:

Chn c ch 8 sinh vin nam v 8 sinh vin n t ban cn s lp cc Trng

i hc trong mu nghin cu. Trong mi trng chn 2 nam v 2 n.

Tin hnh t chc tho lun nhm c trng tm.

2.2.5. iu tra th.

Tin hnh iu tra th 30 sinh vin pht hin nhng ni dung khng ph hp
trong b cu hi. Sau chnh l b sung trc khi tin hnh iu tra chnh thc.

2.3. PHNG PHP THU THP THNG TIN .

2.3.1. K thut thu thp thng tin.

nh lng: Thu thp thng tin bng phiu cu hi t in c son sn (ph lc 1).

nh tnh: T chc tho lun nhm.

2.3.2. Cc bin s cn thu thp.

2.3.2.1. Cc bin s nh lng.

2.3.2.1.1. c im ca i tng nghin cu.

Tui: Tnh theo dng lch.

Gii: Nam/N.

Dn tc: Kinh/ Khc.

Tn gio: Khng theo tn gio/ Pht gio/ Thin cha gio/ Tn gio khc.

2.3.2.1.2. Kin thc ca i tng nghin cu.

Bit th no l QHTD khng an ton.

Bit hu qu ca vic QHTD khng an ton.
Bit nhng bin php trnh thai.
Bit cc du hiu ca mang thai.
Bit nguyn nhn no dn n NPT.
 Bit nhng bin php ph thai an ton.
Bit NPT vo giai on no l an ton.
Bit hu qu ca no ph thai khng an ton.
Bit nhng a im NPT an ton.
Ngun thng tin cung cp.
Phn loi kin thc chung v NPT: kin thc ng v kin thc cha ng.
Phn loi kin thc chung da vo tiu ch sau:
nh gi da vo cch cho im( thang im km theo phn ph lc).
Kin thc t khi tng s im nhng cu trn >=11/14 im.
Kin thc cha t: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn <11/14 im.
Ngoi ra tm hiu thm cc ngun cung cp cho sinh vin v NPT:
+Tivi ( truyn hnh)
+Sch,bo,loa, i ca phng.
+Tranh nh, t ri, p phch.
+Cn b y t, nhn vin y t.
+Bn b,ngi thn,internet.
+Thy c gio.
+Khc.
2.3.2.1.3. Thi ca i tng nghin cu.
Khng ng vi hnh vi QHTD trc hn nhn.
Khng nn ph thai khi cn l sinh vin.
Nn s dng bin php trnh thai.
Khuyn gi thai li nu bn b xung quanh bn mang thai.
Khng ng rng nu mang thai ngoi mun s b bn b xa lnh.
Khng ng rng mang thai khi l sinh vin s b ui hc.
ng rng sng lnh mnh trong quan h bn b, tnh yu gip trnh mang
thai ngoi mun.
Phn loi thi chung v hnh vi no ph thai: thi tt v thi cha tt.
Phn loi thi chung theo tiu ch sau:
nh gi da theo cch cho im (thang im nh gi km phn ph lc).
Thi tt: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn >=7/9 im.
 Thi cha tt: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn <7/9 im.
2.3.2.1.4. Thc hnh ca i tng nghin cu
Thc hnh tham gia cc bui hc, tho lun chm sc SKSS.
Thc hnh tham gia chng trnh chm sc SKSS.
Tuyn truyn v hu qu NPT cho ngi thn, bn b.
Phn loi thc hnh chung theo tiu ch sau:
nh gi da theo cch cho im (thang im nh gi km phn ph lc).
Thc hnh tt: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn >=4/5 im.
Thc hnh cha tt: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn <4/5 im.
2.3.2.2. Cc bn s nh tnh.
Cc cu hi s dng trong bui tho lun nhm:
- Cu hi 1: Bn tng gp ngi mang thai ngoi mun cha? Nu tng
gp th khi bn c thi nh th no? V nu cha tng gp th nu gp bn s
c thi nh th no?
- Cu hi 2: Bn gip ngi mang thai ngoi mun nh th no?
- Cu hi 3: Hin nay tnh trng ph thai ngy cng tng, nguy him i vi sc
khe cng ln th bn s lm g bo v bn thn, gia nh, bn b v nhng
ngi xung quanh.
2.4. PHN TCH, X L, TRNH BY S LIU.
S liu thu thp bng phn mm Epidata 3.1.
X l, phn tch s liu bng phn mm SPSS 16.0.
Trnh by s liu kin thc,thi ,thc hnh v NPT ca sinh vin bng
cch tnh t l phn trm(%).
Phn tch cc mi lin quan bng test X2, vi mc ngha p <= 0,05.Kt qu
c trnh by di dng bng v biu bng phn mm Ms Office 2007.
2.5. O C NGHIN CU.

i tng nghin cu c gii thiu r v mc tiu, ni dung phng vn v

c quyn c t chi tham gia.

Cc thng tin c nhn ca i tng nghin cu hon ton c gi b mt.

 Cc s liu, kt qu nghin cu l hon ton trung thc v cha tng c

cng b

2.6. C IM CA A BN NGHIN CU.

Thnh ph Hu nm to a l 16-16,80 v Bc v 107,8-108,20 kinh ng.

pha Bc v pha Ty gip th x Hng Tr, pha Nam gip th x Hng Thy,
pha ng gip th x Hng Thu v huyn Ph Vang. Ta lc hai bn b h
lu sng Hng, v pha Bc o Hi Vn, cch Nng 112 km, cch
bin Thun An 14 km, cch sn bay quc t Ph Bi 14 km v cch Cng nc
su Chn My 50 km.

Din tch t nhin 71,68 km2, dn s nm 2012 c l 344.581 ngi.

i hc Hu hin nay bo gm:

Trng H Khoa hc (DHT)

Trng H S phm (DHS)
Trng H Y dc (DHY)
Trng H Nng lm (DHL)
Trng H Kinh t (DHK)
Trng H Ngh thut (DHN)
Trng H Ngoi ng (DHF)
Khoa Gio dc Th cht (DHC)
Khoa Du lch (DHD)
Trng H Lut (DHA)

Chng 3 D KIN KT QU
3.1. KIN THC, THI V THC HNH V HNH VI PH THAI
CA SINH VIN

3.1.1. Thng tin chung v mu nghin cu.

Bng 3.1. c im chung ca i tng nghin cu.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

18-20
Tui
>20
Nam
Gii
N
Kinh
Dn tc
Khc
Khng theo tn gio
Pht gio
Tn gio
Thin Cha gio
Khc
3.1.2. Kin thc v hnh vi ph thai ca i tng nghin cu.

Bng 3.2. Kin thc v QHTD khng an ton ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Bit v QHTD C
khng an ton Khng
Mang thai ngoi mun
Mc cc bnh ly truyn qua
Bit hu qu ng tnh dc
ca QHTD Ly nhim HIV/AIDS
khng an ton Ly nhim vim gan B
Ly nhim Lao
Khc

Bng 3.3. Kin thc v nhng bin php trnh thai ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
Bao cao su
Thuc trnh thai
 t vng
Trin sn
Khc
Bng 3.4. Kin thc v du hiu mang thai ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
Nn nghn
Chut rt
Mt kinh
Chn n, mt mi
au bng
Khc
Bng 3.5. Kin thc v nguyn nhn dn n ph thai ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
V s nh hng ti vic hc
Cha c nh sinh con
Khng iu kin kinh t
Hnh ng bc pht
Cha m v bn trai bt ph thai
Khc
Bng 3.6. Kin thc v nhng bin php ph thai an ton ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
Ht thai
Thuc
No thai
Nong gp thai
Khc
Bng 3.7. Kin thc v giai an no ph thai an ton ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
3 thng u
3 thng giu
3 thng cui
Khc
Bng 3.8. Kin thc v hu qu ca ph thai khng an ton ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
V sinh
Tn thng tm l
T vong
Khng nh hng ti sc khe
Khc
Bng 3.9. Kin thc v nhng a im ph thai an ton ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng bit
Bnh vin
Trung tm t vn sc khe sinh sn
T ph thai nh
Cc c s ph thai ngoi
Khc
Bng 3.10. Phn loi kin thc chung v hnh vi ph thai ca i tng.

Kin thc Tn s (n=) T l (%)

t
Cha t
Tng

3.1.3. Thi ca hnh vi ph thai ca i tng nghin cu.

Bng 3.11. Thi ca i tng v hnh vi QHTD trc hn nhn.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

C
Khng
Bng 3.12.Thi ca i tng v vic s dng BCS khi QHTD.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

C
Khng

Bng 3.13. Thi ca i tng khi bn b xung quanh mang thai.

 Bin s Tn s T l
(n=) (%)
Khng c kin
Khuyn gi li thai
Thi khi bn b mang
Khuyn b thai
thai ngoi mun
Gip theo mong mun
ca bn b
ng rng mang thai Khng kin
ngoi mun s b bn b ng
xa lnh Khng ng
ng rng mang thai Khng kin
ngoi mun khi ang l ng
sinh vin s b ui hc Khng ng
Bng 3.14 Thi khi ngi quen ca bn mang thai nh bn gip .

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Khng kin
Sn sng gip
Khng ng gip
Bng 3.15 Phn loi thi v hnh vi ph thai ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Tt
Cha tt
Tng

3.1.4. Thc hnh v hnh vi ph thai ca i tng nghin cu.

Bng 3.16. Thc hnh v vic s dng BPTT ca i tng.

Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)

C
Khng

Bng 3.17. Thc hnh tham gia chm sc sc khe sinh sn ca i tng.
 Bin s Tn s (n=) T l (%)
Tuyn truyn v C
hu qu ca NPT Khng
tng
Tham gia
Cha
Chng trnh do nh trng t
Chng trnh
chc
chm sc sc
Chng trnh do a phng
khe sinh sn
ni c tr t chc
Cc trung tm chm sc SKSS
Khc
Bng 3.18. Phn loi thc hnh chung v hnh vi ph thai ca i tng.

Thc hnh Tn s (n=) T l (%)

Tt
Cha tt
Tng

3.2 CC YU T LIN QUAN N KIN THC, THI V THC

HNH V HNH VI NO PH THAI CA SINH VIN.

3.2.1. Cc yu t lin quan n kin thc ca sinh vin v hnh vi no ph

thai.

Bng 3.19. Mi lin quan gia kin thc v hnh vi no ph thai vi cc c trng
ca i tng.

Cc c trng Tng Kin thc t Kin thc cha Gi tr

t p
Tn s T l Tn s T l
(n=) (%) (n=) (%)
Nhm 18-20
tui >20
Gii Nam
tnh N
Dn Kinh
tc Khc
Tn Khng theo
gio tn gio
 Pht gio
Thin Cha
gio
khc
3.2.2. Cc yu t lin quan n thi ca sinh vin v hnh vi no ph thai.

Bng 3.20. Mi lin quan gia thi v hnh vi no ph thai vi cc c trng

ca i tng nghin cu.

Cc c trng Tng Thi tt Thi cha tt Gi tr

Tn s T l Tn s T l p
(n=) (%) (n=) (%)
Nhm 18-20
tui >20
Gii Nam
tnh N
Dn Kinh
tc Khc
Khng theo
tn gio
Tn Pht gio
gio Thin Cha
gio
khc
3.2.3. Cc yu t lin quan n thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai.

Bng 3.21. Mi lin quan gia thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai vi cc c

trng ca i tng nghin cu.

Cc c trng Tng Thc hnh tt Thc hnh cha Gi tr

tt p
Tn s T l Tn s T l
(n=) (%) (n=) (%)
Nhm 18-20
tui >20
Gii Nam
tnh N
Dn Kinh
tc Khc
Tn Khng theo
gio tn gio
Pht gio
Thin Cha
gio
khc

3.2.4. Mi lin quan gia kin thc, thi , thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai
v mt s mi lin quan khc ca i tng.

Bng 3.22. Mi lin quan gia kin thc v thi v hnh vi no ph thai ca
i tng nghin cu.

Thi Tt Cha tt
Gi tr p
Kin thc N % N %
t
Cha t

Bng 3.23. Mi lin quan gia kin thc v thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai ca
i tng nghin cu.

Thc Tt Cha tt
hnh N % N % Gi tr p
Kin thc
t
Cha t

Bng 3.24. Mi lin quan gia thi v thc hnh v hnh vi no ph thai ca
i tng nghin cu.

Thc Tt Cha tt
hnh N % N % Gi tr p
Thi
t
Cha t
 Chng 4. K HOCH NGHIN CU

STT Cng vic Ngi thc hin T thng 04/2015- thng 11/2015
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 ng k Nhm nghin
tn ti, cu
tp hun
v NCKH
2 Tham Nhm nghin
kho ti cu
liu
3 Vit Nhm nghin
cng cu
nghin
cu
4 Thit k Nhm nghin
b cu hi cu
5 iu tra Nhm nghin
th cu
6 Thu thp Nhm nghin
s liu cu
nh
lng
7 T chc Nhm nghin
tho lun cu
nhm
8 Xy dng Nhm nghin
form v cu
nhp s
liu
9 Lc v x Nhm nghin
l s liu cu
10 Phin gii Nhm nghin
kt qu cu
11 Vit bo Nhm nghin
co cu
 Chng 5. KINH PH THC HIN TI.

STT DANH MC CHI N GI S TNG

V TIN LNG CNG
I Chun b
1 In n ti liu v cng B 50.000 2 100.000
2 Photo phiu v ti liu iu Phiu 1000 550 550.000
tra
II Hot ng thu thp v x
l s liu
1 Chi ph i li cho iu tra Ngi 100.000 12 1.200.000
vin
2 Chi ph thc hin 2 cuc Tr 100.000 2 200.000
tho lun nhm nc,
hoa qu
3 H tr i tng tham gia Ngi 50.000 18 900.000
tho lun nhm
III Vit bo co, nghim thu
ti
TNG CNG 2.950.000
Hai triu chn trm nm mi nghn ng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nghin cu ca Trung tm T vn, sc khe sinh sn v pht trin cng ng,
Hi K hoch ha gia nh Vit Nam.
2. Theo iu 319 d tho B lut hnh s (su i).
3. Trang web:www.moh.gov.vn
4. Trang web: www.kienthugioitinh.org.vn
5. T chc Y t Th gii (WHO): t l t vong b m:. T N 348
[http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/en/index.html webcite ]
6. Gilda SG, Henshaw S, Singh S, E Ahman, Shah IH: ph thai Induced: gi c
tnh v xu hng trn ton th gii.
Lancet nm 2007, 370 : . 1338-1345 PubMed Tm tt | Nh xut bn ton vn
7. Barbara B, Charlotte E: Truy cp vo Safe Ph thai: mt chin lc cn thit
t c cc Mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k ci thin sc khe b m, thc
y bnh ng gii v gim ngho.
[http://www.unmillenniumproject.org/documents/Crane_and_Hord-Smith-
final.pdf webcite]
8. Y t Th gii Orgnization (WHO): c tnh ton cu v khu vc ph thai khng
an ton ca t l no ph thai khng an ton v t vong trong nm
2008 Geneva Nm 2011.
9. Jones RK, Kavanaugh ML: Nhng thay i trong gi Ph thai Gia nm 2000
v 2008 v Lifetime T l ph thai.
Obstet Gynecol 2011, 117 (6) :1358-1366 PubMed Tm tt | Nh xut bn ton
vn
10. Thng k ca bnh vin ph sn trung ng v s cas no ph thai.
11. Ti liu: Nghin cu v tm quan trng v yu t nguy c ca vic ph thai
trong gii sinh vin n thng xuyn ti i hc Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia (2014).
13.Theo vin thng k Vit Nam.
14. Theo YTDP S y t Tin Giang.
 15. http://vtv.vn/suc-khoe.
16. http://bvqte.thuathienhue.gov.vn
17 .Theo tp ch y hc Thnh ph H Ch Minh, nm 2010-tp 14-s 2.

PH LC 1

M s phiu:......................
 Ngy iu tra:....................

PHIU IU TRA

NGHIN CU KIN THC, THI V THC HNH V HNH VI

NO PH THAI CA SINH VIN TRNG I HC HU NM 2015

c s ng ca Hiu trng cc trng i hc, thnh ph Hu chng ti

tin hnh nghin cu iu tra kin thc, thi v thc hnh v hnh vi no
ph thai ti trng bn, mong bn hp tc v c mnh dn a ra mong mun
c nhn. Rt cm n s cng tc ca bn!

PHN A: THNG TIN CHUNG

A1 M s phiu ..
A2 Thn
A3 Tn .
A4 Tui ..
A5 Gii tnh 1. Nam
2. N
A6 Ngh nghip 1. Nng dn

2. Cng nhn

3. Bun bn

4. CBCC

5. HS-SV

6. Khc

A7 Dn tc 1. Kinh
2. Khc
A8 Thu nhp hang thng/u ngi VN ng
A9 Trnh hc vn 1. M ch
2. Cp 1
3. Cp 2
4. Cp 3
5. H v sau H
B Tnh trng vim lot
B1 Anh/ch/ng/b.. . v ang b vim 1. C
lot d dy-t trng c kt qu chn 2. Khng
on ni soi 5 nm tr li y?
(Nu khng chuyn ti cu
B5 Bn c bit nguyn nhn no dn n 1. Khng bit
NPT khng? 2. V s nh hng ti vic
hc
3. Cha c nh sinh con
4. Khng iu kin kinh
t
5. Hnh ng bc pht
6. Cha m v bn trai bt
ph thai
7. khc
B6 Bn c bit nhng bin php ph thai 1. Khng bit
an ton khng? 2. Ht thai
3. Thuc
4. No thai
5. Nong gp thai
6. Khc
B7 Bn c bit NPT vo giai on no l 1. Khng bit
an ton khng? 2. 3 thng u
3. 3 thng gia
4. 3 thng cui
5. Khc..
B8 Hu qu ca no ph thai khng an 1. Khng bit
ton 2. V sinh
3. Tn thng v tm l
4. T vong
5. Khng nh hng n sc
khe
6. Khc
B9 Bn c bit nhng a im NPT an 1. Khng bit
ton khng? 2. Bnh vin
3. Trung tm t vn sc
khe sinh sn
4. T ph thai nh
5. Cc c s ph thai ngoi
6. Khc
B10 Bn tm hiu NPT t ngun thng tin 1. Tivi (truyn hnh)
 no? 2. Sch, bo
3. Internet
4. Loa i ca phng
5. Tranh nh, t ri, p
phch
6. Bn b, ngi thn
7. cn b y t
8. Thy c gio
9. khc
PHN C: THI
C1 Bn c ng vi hnh vi QHTD 1. C
trc hn nhn khng? 2. Khng
C2 Theo bn c nn ph thai khi cn l 1. C
sinh vin khng? 2. Khng
C3 Theo bn c nn s dng bin php 1. C
trnh thai khng? 2. Khng
C4 Nu bn b xung quanh bn mang thai 1. Khng c kin
bn s lm g? 2. Khuyn gi li thai
3. Khuyn b thai
4. Gip theo mong mun
ca bn b
5. Khc
C5 Bn c ng rng nu mang thai 1. Khng c kin
ngoi mun s b bn b xa lnh 2. C ng
khng? 3. Khng ng
C6 Bn c ng rng mang thai khi l 1. ng
sinh vin s b ui hc khng? 2. Khng ng
C7 Bn c ng rng hy sng lnh 1. Khng c kin
mnh trong quan h bn b, tnh yu 2. C ng
gip trnh mang thai ngoi mun 3. Khng ng
khng?
C8 Khi ngi quen ca bn i NPT nh 1. Khng c kin
bn gip th bn s 2. Sn sng gip
3. Khng ng gip
C9.1 Nu mang thai bn s lm g? 1. Gi a b
(Dnh 2. Ph thai
cho n) 3. Khng bit
C9.2 ( Nu bn gi bn mang thai bn s lm 1. Gi a b
Dnh g? 2. Bo bn gi i ph
cho 3. Khng bit
nam)
PHN C: THC HNH
D1 Bn tng QHTD cha? 1. tng
2. Cha (sang cu 5)
D2 Bn c s dng bin php trnh thai 1. C
khng? 2. Khng
D3 Bn tng mang thai cha? 1. tng
2. Cha (sang cu 5)
D4 Bn tng gii quyt nh th no? 1. Sinh con
2. Ph thai
D5 Bn tng tham gia cc bui hc, 1. tng
tho lun chm sc SKSS cha? 2. Cha
D6 Bn tng tham gia chng trnh 1. Chng trnh do nh
chm sc SKSS no? trng t chc
2. Chng trnh do a
phng ni c tr t chc
3. Cc trung tm chm sc
SKSS
4. Khc
D7 Bn c tuyn truyn v hu qu NPT 1. C
cho ngi thn, bn b khng? 2. Khng
D8 Nu khng bn cho bit l do? 1. Khng thch
2. Khng quan tm
3. Ngh l mi ngi bit
4. Khc

PH LC 2
1. THANG IM NH GI PHN KIN THC
Bng 1: Thang im nh gi phn kin thc ca i tng
Kin thc ng im
Bit v QHTD khng an ton 1
Bit v hu qu khi QHTD khng an ton(1) 2
Bit nhng bin php trnh thai ng(2) 2
Bit cc du hiu khi mang thai(3) 1
Bit no ph thai c nh hng ti sc khe 1
Bit nguyn nhn dn n no ph thai(4) 1
Bit nhng bin php no ph thai(5) 2
Bit ph thai vo giai on no l an ton(6) 1
Bit hu qu ca vic no ph thai(7) 2
Bit a im ph thai an ton 1
Tng 14

1. Mang thai ngoi mun, cc bnh ly truyn qua ng tnh dc, ly nhim
HIV.
2. Bao cao su, t vng, ung thuc, trit sn
3. Nn nghn, chut rt, mt kinh, chn n mt mi.
4. nh hng n vic hc, khng iu kin kinh t, cha c nh sinh
con, hnh ng bc pht, cha m v ngi yu bt buc.
5. Ung thuc, ht thai, no thai, nong gp thai.
6. Ba thng u
7. V sinh, tn thng v tm l, t vong.
- Phn loi kin thc chung v hnh vi no ph thai: kin thc ng v kin thc
sai
- Phn loi kin thc chung da vo cc tiu ch sau:
+ nh gi da vo cch cho im (thang im nh gi km phn ph lc)
+ Kin thc t: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn >=11/14 im
+ Kin thc cha t: Khi tng s im ngng cu trn <11/14 im
1. THANG IM NH GI PHN THI
Bng 2: Thang im nh gi phn thi ca i tng
Thi ng im
Khng ng QHTD khng an ton trc hn nhn 1
S dng BPTT nu QHTD 2
C thi ng khi bn b mang thai ngoi mun 1
Khng ng rng nu mang thai ngoi mun s b bn b xa
1
lnh
Khng ng ngi mang thai s b ui hc 1
ng rng sng lnh mnh trong quan h bn b,tnh yu gip
2
trnh mang thai ngoi mun
C thi gip bn b, ngi quen mang thai ngoi mun 1
Tng 9
- Phn loi thi chung v hnh vi no ph thai: thi tt v thi cha tt.
- Phn loi thi chung theo tiu ch sau:
+ nh gi da theo cch cho im (thang im nh gi km phn ph lc)
+ Thi tt: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn >=7/9 im
+ Thi cha tt: Khi tng s im ngng cu trn <7/9 im
1. THANG IM NH GI PHN THC HNH
Bng 3: Thang im nh gi phn thc hnh ca i tng
Thc hnh tt im
S dng BPTT khi QHTD 2
Thc hnh tham gia chng trnh
1
chm sc sc khe sinh sn(1)
Tuyn truyn v hu qu ca no ph
2
thai cho ngi thn v bn b
Tng 5
1. Chng trnh do nh trng t chc, chng trnh do a phng, ni c tr
t chc, cc trung tm chm sc sc khe sinh sn.
- Phn loi thc hnh chung v hnh vi no ph thai: thc hnh tt v thc hnh
cha tt.
- Phn loi thc hnh chung theo tiu ch sau:
+ nh gi da theo cch cho im (thang im nh gi km phn ph lc)
+ Thc hnh tt: Khi tng s im nhng cu trn >=4/5 im
+ Thc hnh cha tt: Khi tng s im ngng cu trn <4/5 im