18/08/2014

Mng my tnh
Ging vin: Bi Trng Tng
B mn Truyn thng v Mng my tnh
Vin Cng ngh thng tin v Truyn thng
i hc Bch khoa H Ni

V mn hc ny

M HP: IT3080
Tn hc phn: Mng my tnh
Khi lng: 3(3-1-0-6)
nh gi:

Qu trnh (30%): bi tp ln, chuyn cn, tho lun...

Cui k (70%): thi vit
Thc hnh: 3 bi, khng bt buc (cng 0-1 im vo im thi
cui k cho mi bi )

Website: http://soict.hust.edu.vn/~tungbt/it3080
Hn ng k bi tp ln: trc ngy 13/09/2014

18/08/2014

Ti liu tham kho

[KR] Networking: a top-down approach featuring the
Internet, 6th Edition, James F. Kurose, Keith W. Ross,
Addison Wesley 2012
[PB] TCP/IP tutorial and technical overview, Lydia
Parziale, David T.Britt, IBM Redbooks 2006
[WS] Data and Computer Communications, 8th Edition
William Stallings, Pearson Prentice Hall 2007

Ging vin
Bi Trng Tng, Vin CNTT&TT - BK HN
Email : tungbt@soict.hust.edu.vn
a ch : phng 801 nh B1 BKHN
Website: http://soict.hust.edu.vn/~tungbt
FB: /groups/QA.TungBT

18/08/2014

Chng 1. Tng quan v mng

my tnh v truyn thng

1. C bn v mng my tnh

18/08/2014

1.1. Lch s Internet

Bt u t mt th nghim ca
d n ca ARPA
Mt lin kt gia hai nt mng
(IMP ti UCLA v IMP ti SRI)

ARPA:
UCLA:
SRI:
IMP:

Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

Advanced Research Project Agency

University California Los Angeles
Stanford Research Institute
Interface Message Processor
7

3 thng sau, 12/1969

SRI

UCSB

UTAH

UCLA

Mt mng hon chnh vi 4 nt,

56kbps
UCSB:University of California, Santa Barbara
UTAH:University of Utah
8
source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

18/08/2014

ARPANET thi k u, 1971

Source:
http://www.cybergeography.org/
atlas/historical.html

Mng pht trin vi tc thm mi nt mt thng

Thp nin 70: Kt ni lin mng, kin

trc mng mi v cc mng ring

10

18/08/2014

S m rng ca ARPANET, 1974

source:
http://www.cybergeography.org/
atlas/historical.html

Lu lng mi ngy vt qu 3.000.000 gi tin

11

Thp nin 70

T u 1970 xut hin cc mng ring:

ALOHAnet ti Hawaii
DECnet, IBM SNA, XNA

1974: Cerf & Kahn nguyn l kt ni

cc h thng m (Turing Awards)
1976: Ethernet, Xerox PARC
Cui 1970: ATM

12

18/08/2014

Thp nin 80: Cc giao thc

mi, kt ni thm mng mi

13

1981: Xy dng mng NSFNET

NSF: National Science Foundation
Phc v cho nghin cu khoa hc, do s qu ti ca ARPANET

14

18/08/2014

1986: Ni kt USENET& NSFNET

15
Source: http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/historical.html

Thm nhiu mng v giao thc

mi

Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET,

HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA),
BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel
TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo
1980
Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix
Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS

16

18/08/2014

Thm nhiu mng v giao thc

mi

Thm nhiu mng mi ni vo: MFENET,

HEPNET (Dept. Energy), SPAN (NASA),
BITnet, CSnet, NSFnet, Minitel
TCP/IP c chun ha v ph bin vo
1980
Berkeley tch hp TCP/IP vo BSD Unix
Dch v: FTP, Mail, DNS

17

Thp nin 90: Web v thng

mi ha Internet

18

18/08/2014

Thp nin 90

u 90: ARPAnet ch l
mt phn ca Internet
u 90: Web
HTML, HTTP:
Berners-Lee
1994: Mosaic,
Netscape
Cui 90: Thng mi
ha Internet

Cui 1990s 2000s:

Nhiu ng dng mi: chat,

chia s file P2P
E-commerce, Yahoo,
Amazon, Google
> 50 triu my trm, > 100
triu NSD
Vn an ton an ninh
thng tin!

Internet dnh cho tt c mi

ngi
Tt c cc dch v phi
quan tm ti vn ny 19

Lc s Internet Vit Nam

1991: N lc kt ni Internet khng thnh.

(V mt l do no )
1996: Gii quyt cc cn tr, chun b h
tng Internet

1997: Vit Nam chnh thc kt ni Internet

ISP: VNPT
64kbps, 1 ng kt ni quc t, mt s NSD
1 IXP: VNPT
4 ISP: VNPT, Netnam (IOT), FPT, SPT

2007: Mi nm Internet Vit Nam

20 ISPs, 4 IXPs
19 triu NSD, 22.04% dn s

20

10

18/08/2014

Thng k gn y
S ngi dng Internet Vit Nam
S ngi dng
T l dn s

Triu ngi
35.0

40
35.03

30.0

35.58

31.11

35
30

25.0
26.55
20.0

25

24.4

20
30.5

15.0

31.3

26.8

15

22.8

10.0

10

5.0

0.0

0
2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

21

Source: Vnnic, http://www.thongkeinternet.vn

Bng thng kt ni i quc t

(Mbps), Thng 7/2013
Thng 6/2014:
790003 Mbps

Tng cng: 486173.0 Mbps

22

11

18/08/2014

Bng thng kt ni i quc t

23

1.2. Cc khi nim c bn

24

12

18/08/2014

Mng my tnh l g?

Tp hp cc my tnh kt ni vi
nhau da trn mt kin trc no
c th trao i d liu

My tnh: my trm, my ch, b

nh tuyn
Kt ni bng mt phng tin
truyn
Theo mt kin trc mng

25

ng truyn vt l

L cc phng tin vt l c kh nng truyn dn

tn hiu
Phn loi:

Hu tuyn: cp xon, cp ng trc, cp quang,

V tuyn: sng radio, viba, sng hng ngoi,

Mt s yu t c trng:

Bng tn
tin cy : t l bt li khi truyn
suy hao
26

13

18/08/2014

Kin trc mng

Cc nt mng kt ni vi nhau nh th no? (Hnh trng

Topology)

Topology vt l: hnh trng da trn cp kt ni

Bus
Ring (Vng)
Star (Sao) Mesh (Li)
Topology logic: hnh trng da trn cch thc truyn tn hiu:
im im, im-a im

v trao i d liu vi nhau nh th no? (Giao thc

Protocol)
27

Mt vi v d

Mng Internet
Mng ni b c quan, trng hc
Mng gia nh
H thng ATM ca ngn hng
Mng in thoi
...

28

14

18/08/2014

Mng Internet
PC

Trn

5 t thit b kt ni
server
2.5 t ngi dng
wireless ng truyn: cp
laptop
smartphone quang, cp ng,
Wimax, 3G
Truyn ti hng nghn
TeraByte/s
wireless
links
Dch v: Web, email,
wired
links
mng x hi, Skype

router

mobile network
global ISP

home
network

regional ISP

institutional
network
29

Internet of things

30

15

18/08/2014

Mng Internet
Mng ca cc mng (Network of networks)

Internet
Lm th no kt ni
hng triu h thng
mng vi nhau?

31

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca

cc mng

Kt ni mt mng vi tt c cc mng khc?

access
net

access
net

access
net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

Khng c kh nng
m rng: S lng
kt ni O(n2)

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net
access
net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

32

16

18/08/2014

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca cc

mng
Kt ni mi mng vo mt trm chuyn tip ca mt nh
cung cp ton cu (global ISP)

access
net

access
net

access
net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

global
ISP

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net
access
net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

33

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca

cc mng

Thm nhiu ISP...

access
net

access
net

access
net

Trm trung chuyn Internet

access
net

access
net

IXP

access
net

ISP A
IXP

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

ISP B

ISP C

Kt ni ngang hng

access
net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

34

17

18/08/2014

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca

cc mng

Thm cc mng khu vc (regional network)...

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

IXP

access
net

access
net

ISP A
IXP

access
net

access
net

ISP B

ISP C

access
net

access
net
access
net

regional net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

35

Kin trc Internet: Mng ca

cc mng

Mng li v mng bin

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

IXP

access
net

ISP A
IXP

access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

ISP B

ISP C
access
net
access
net

regional net
access
net

access
net

access
net

access
net

36

18

18/08/2014

Kin trc mng

Mng bin (network edge):

Nt mng u cui (endsystem, host): PC, in thoi,

my ch, my tnh nhng...
Mng truy nhp (access
network): ng truyn, thit b
kt ni (router, switch, hub, tng
i...)

global ISP

home
network

regional ISP

Mng li (network core):

ng truyn, thit b kt ni

mobile network

Mng ca cc mng

Mi ch cp n kha
cnh Kt ni nh th no?

institutional
network
37

2. Chuyn mch knh v

chuyn mch gi
Chuyn tip d liu qua cc kt ni
nh th no?

38

19

18/08/2014

2.1. t vn

Kt ni im-im gia 2 host

A

Thng s ca kt ni:

Bng thng (bandwith - R): lng d liu truyn ti a

trong mt n v thi gian (bps bit per second)
Tr (Latency): thi gian truyn d liu t A n B

Tr truyn ti: Kch thc d liu / Bng thng

Tr truyn dn: di lin kt / Tc tn hiu (~2x108 m/sec)
39

Kt ni im-im gia 2 host

Truyn 100B t A n B
A

1Mbps, 1ms

time=0

Thi gian truyn

1 bit = 1/106s
Thi gian truyn
800 bits=800x1/106s

100Byte packet

Time

Thi im bit
u tin ti B
= 1/106+1/103s

Thi im bit
cui cng ti B
(800x1/106)+1/103s
= 1.8ms
40

20

18/08/2014

Kt ni gia nhiu host

im-im gia mi cp
Hn ch?

41

Kt ni gia nhiu nt mng

im-a im: S dng 1 ng truyn chung

cho tt c truyn thng qung b
Hn ch?

42

21

18/08/2014

Kt ni gia nhiu nt mng

Gii php: mng chuyn mch

Mi host kt ni vi 1 thit b chuyn mch

Cc thit b chuyn mch kt ni im-im
Chia s ti nguyn ng truyn

Cu hi: Lm th
no xc nh
c tuyn ng?
Tr li: nh tuyn

A
3

1
5

4
43

2.2. Chuyn mch knh

Circuit switching network: cp pht ti nguyn ng

truyn (vt l) dnh ring cho tng kt ni (logic) gia 2
nt mng

10Mb/s?

10Mb/s?

3
1

10Mb/s?

10Mb/s?

2
4

(1) A pht yu cu xin thit lp knh

(2) Cc thit b chuyn mch thit lp knh (v cp pht ti nguyn)
(3) A bt u truyn d liu
(4) A truyn xong: pht yu cu hy knh (gii phng ti nguyn)
44

22

18/08/2014

Chia s ti nguyn
Chia knh theo thi
gian: mi kt ni s
dng ti nguyn trong
khe thi gian c
phn

Chia knh theo tn s:

mi kt ni s dng
mt di tn tn hiu
ring

45

Gin thi gian

A

Sw1

Sw2

Thit lp
knh
Truyn
d liu

Information
t

Hy knh
46

23

18/08/2014

u im v nhc im

u im:

Knh c thit lp sn Tr khi chuyn mch rt thp

Ti nguyn dnh ring cho knh v khng i trong qu trnh
truyn m bm cht lng dch v

Nhc im?

47

Nhc im
Sw1

Sw2

Thit lp
knh
Truyn
d liu

Transfer

Information
t

Hy knh
48

24

18/08/2014

Nhc im
Sw2

Sw1

Thit lp
knh
Truyn d liu
Information

Hy knh
t

49

Nhc im
A
3
1
5

2
4

Bt u li qu trnh nu li trn thit b

chuyn mch khi truyn
50

25

18/08/2014

2.3. Chuyn mch gi

D liu c chia thnh cc gi tin (packet)

Phn tiu (header): a ch, s th t

Phn d liu (payload)

Thit b chuyn mch chuyn tip gi tin da trn tiu

Data
01000111100010101001110100011001
payload

Header
header
51

Chuyn tip gi tin

NEU
ti FTU
switch#4

switch#2
switch#1

111010010

FTU

HUST

Forwarding Table
Destination

Next Hop

NEU

NUCE

FTU

HUBT

NUCE switch#5
ti HUBT
switch#3

52

26

18/08/2014

Gin thi gian

Thit b chuyn mch

ch chuyn tip khi
nhn c y gi
tin (store and forward)
Thit b chuyn mch
cn thi gian x l
gi tin (dproc):

Sw
payl
oad

Kim tra li trn gi tin

Quyt nh gi tin gi
n u
Thng rt nh so vi
tr truyn tin

h
d
r

dproc

t
53

Chuyn mch gi

Mi gi tin c th c x l c lp

Cc gi tin c th ti ch theo cc ng khc nhau, khng cn

ng th t

Ti nguyn dng chung cho tt c cc kt ni

Nu cn ti nguyn, bt k nt no cng c th s dng

54

27

18/08/2014

Chuyn mch gi vs Chuyn

mch knh
V d:
Bng thng i 10 Mb/s
Mi kt ni ca ngi
dng ti:
c cp pht 1 Mb/s
Thi gian s dng truyn
d liu: 10% tng thi gian
Mng

10 Mbps

chuyn mch knh:

Ti a 10 ngi dng ng
thi xin cp pht
Mng

N
users

chuyn mch gi:

Gi s c 30 ngi dng s
dng chung
Xc sut >10 ngi dng
ng thi truyn d liu l
bao nhiu? (~0.0001)

Phn phi nh thc:

P(x = k) = Cnk pk (1-p)n-k
Nu s ngi dng tng
ln?
55

Hng i

Hng i (FIFO)

1 Mbps

56

28

18/08/2014

Hng i

Hng i (FIFO)

1
1

57

Hng i

Hng i (FIFO)

2 2
1 1

58

29

18/08/2014

Hng i

Hng i (FIFO)

2 2 1 1

59

Hng i

Hng i (FIFO)

60

30

18/08/2014

Mt gi tin

Kch thc hng i c hn

Gi tin ti khi hng i y s b mt

61

Tng kt

Chuyn mch knh:

Chuyn mch gi

Mi knh ch dng cho duy nht 1 lin kt

Bo m bng thng (cn cho cc ng dng audio/video)
Lng ph nu lin kt khng s dng ht kh nng ca
knh
Tng hiu qu s dng bng thng
Tt cho cc dng d liu n ngu nhin, khng nh trc
Hn ch: tng tr v mt gi tin, khng bo m bng
thng

Mng Internet dng k thut chuyn mch no?

62

31

18/08/2014

3. Mt s thng s c bn
trong mng

63

Cc thng s c bn

Bng thng Tc truyn tin Dung lng

Thng lng
tr

Tr trn thit b u cui

Tr trn thit b trung gian
Tr truyn tin
Tr lan truyn

mt gi tin

64

32

18/08/2014

Thng lng (throughput)

Thng lng: tc (bits/sec) truyn tin gia
nt gi v nt nhn ti mt im no

Tc thi: thng lng ti mt thi im

Trung bnh: thng lng tnh trung bnh trong mt
khong thi gian

Bn gi: gi
d liu ln
knh

Knh c
kh nng truyn
Rs bits/sec

Knh c
kh nng truyn
Rc bits/sec
65

Thng lng (tip)

Rs < Rc Thng lng trung bnh l bao nhiu?

Rs bits/sec

Rc bits/sec

Rs > Rc Thng lng trung bnh l bao nhiu?

Rs bits/sec

Rc bits/sec

Nt tht c chai (bottleneck)

L im ti lm gii hn thng lng trn ng truyn
66

33

18/08/2014

Nt tht c chai

Xc nh nt tht
c chai?

67

tr
truyn tin

lan truyn

B
x l ti nt
i trong hng i

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dtrans: tr truyn tin:

dprop: tr lan truyn (truyn dn)

L: kch thc d liu (bits)

R: bng thng (bps)
dtrans = L/R

d: di ng truyn
s: tc lan truyn tn hiu (~2x108
m/sec)
dprop = d/s
68

34

18/08/2014

tr (tip)
truyn tin

lan truyn

B
x l ti nt
i trong hng i

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dproc: tr x l

dqueue: tr hng i

Kim tra li bit

Xc nh lin kt ra
Thng < sec

Ph thuc vo s lng
d liu trong hng i
69

R: bng thng (bps)

L: kch thc gi tin
(bits)
a: tc n ca gi tin

Tr trung bnh trong

hng i

Tr hng i

La/R ~ 0: tr hng i nh
La/R 1: tr hng i ln
La/R > 1: tr v cng (mt gi tin)

La/R
La/R ~ 0
La/R -> 1

70

35

18/08/2014

4. Kin trc phn tng

Tip tc vi ch Lm th no
cc nt mng trao i thng tin?

71

Nguyn tc chia tr

Xc nh cc nhim v cn thc hin

T chc, iu phi th t thc hin cc nhim v
Phn nh ai lm nhim v g
V d: CEO cng ty A gi cng vn cho CEO ca cng
ty B

CEO A: vit cng vn v chuyn cho th k

Th k:

Cho th vo phong b v in tn y CEO B, a ch

em n bu in VNPT

Bu in VNPT:

ng gi bu kin
Ghi a ch bu cc nhn
Chuyn bu kin ln xe th
a bu kin n bu cc nhn

72

36

18/08/2014

Bc th c gi v nhn nh
th no?

Cc b phn ng cp:

Phng tin trao i thng tin ging nhau

Ngn ng ging nhau

CEO

Th k

VNPT

Cng vn
Ngn ng t nhin
Phong b
a ch
Bu kin

CEO

Th k

VNPT

M bu cc
73

Trao i thng tin gia cc nt

mng
D liu c t chc nh th no?
nh danh nh a ch: Phn bit cc my vi nhau
trn mng?
Tm ng i cho d liu qua h thng mng nh th
no?
Lm th no pht hin li d liu (v sa)?
Lm th no d liu gi i khng lm qu ti ng
truyn, qu ti my nhn?
Lm th no chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu?
Lm th no bit d liu ti ch?...
Phn chia nhim v cho cc thnh phn, t chc cc
thnh phn thnh cc tng (layer)

74

37

18/08/2014

Phn tng

Mi tng:

C th c mt hoc nhiu chc nng

Trin khai dch v thc hin cc chc nng

Cung cp dch v cho tng trn

S dng dch v tng di
c lp vi cc tng cn li

Mi dch v c th c mt hoc nhiu cch trin khai

khc nhau, cho php tng trn la chn dch v ph
hp

Li ch:

D dng thit k, trin khai

D dng ti s dng
D dng nng cp

75

im truy cp dch v

Service Access Point: l mt im tru tng, ti

tng trn s dng dch v tng di

Tng trn ch cn quan tm cch s dng dch v tng di

...khng quan tm ti cch thc thc hin

Quan im lp trnh: li gi hm (function)

Tn hm v cc thc truyn i s khng i

Ni dung hm c th thay i

function doMyWork(){
//do anything
lowerService(parameters);
//do anything
}
76

38

18/08/2014

4.1. Truyn thng trong

kin trc phn tng

77

Truyn thng trong kin trc

phn tng

Cc nguyn l chung:

Tng trn s dng dch v tng di

Cc tng ngang hng s dng chung ngn ng v
phng tin trao i d liu

D liu c x l ti mi tng nh th no?

Chia thnh cc n v d liu giao thc - PDU

(Protocol Data Unit) gm c

Header: cha a ch, thng tin khc h thng mng x l

Payload: d liu cn truyn ti

Chc nng mi tng khc nhau, cch thc x l d

liu khc nhau cn phi hp chc nng gia cc
tng trong qu trnh truyn ti
78

39

18/08/2014

Truyn thng trong kin trc

phn tng

Bn gi: thm tiu cha thng tin phc v cho vic

x l d liu ti tng tng ng v chuyn cho tng
di (ng gi d liu Encapsulation)
Bn nhn: x l d liu theo thng tin trong phn tiu
, tch tiu v chuyn d liu cho tng trn
PDUN
HN-1

...

Gi

Tng (N-1)

Tng (N-1)

...

H1

Tng N

...

H2 ...

Tng N

Tng 2

Tng 2

Tng1

Tng1

PDUN
HN-1

H2 ...
H1

Nhn

...
79

Truyn thng trong kin trc

phn tng (tip)

Nhn xt:
PDU ti cc tng ng cp ca hai bn ging nhau truyn
thng gia cc tng ngang hng (truyn thng logic)
Pha nhn phi hiu ni dung PDU ca pha gi
Pha nhn x l PDU nhn c vi cc tham s l thng tin
trong tiu m pha gi thit lp
Pha nhn tr li/khng tr li cho pha gi
Cc PDU phi truyn ng theo th t
cn c b quy tc cho hai bn

Giao thc (Network protocol)

L tp hp cc quy tc quy nh khun dng, ng
ngha, th t cc thng ip c gi v nhn gia cc
nt mng v cc hnh vi khi trao i cc thng ip

80

40

18/08/2014

Chng giao thc (Protocol stack)

Gi dch v no ca giao thc tng di

V cung cp dch v cho giao thc tng
trn nh th no

Cc giao thc
tng N
Cc giao thc
tng N-1

...

Cc chc nng c phn chia cho

cc tng
Mi tng c nhiu cch thc thc
hin cc chc nng sinh ra cc
giao thc khc nhau
chng giao thc: ngn xp cc giao
thc truyn thng trn kin trc phn
tng
Giao thc mi tng bao gm:

Cc giao thc
tng 2
Cc giao thc
tng 1

81

Truyn thng trong kin trc

phn tng (tip)
Tng N
Tng (N-1)

Giao thc PN
Giao thc PN-1

Tng1

Tng (N-1)

...

...
Tng 2

Tng N

Giao thc P2
Giao thc P1

Tng 2
Tng1

Cc tng ng cp mi bn s dng chung giao thc

iu khin qu trnh truyn thng logic gia chng

2 cch thc giao thc iu khin truyn thng logic gia cc

tng ng cp: hng lin kt hoc hng khng lin kt
82

41

18/08/2014

Truyn thng hng lin kt vs

Truyn thng hng khng lin kt

Truyn thng hng lin kt (connection

oriented):

D liu c truyn qua mt lin kt c thit lp

Ba giai on: Thit lp lin kt, Truyn d liu, Hy
lin kt
Tin cy

Truyn thng hng khng lin kt

(conectionless)

Khng thit lp lin kt, ch c giai on truyn d liu

Khng tin cy
Best effort: truyn ngay vi kh nng ti a
83

Giao thc
Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast

Unicast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu

ti 1 ch
Multicast: giao thc iu khin truyn d liu
ti nhiu ch
Broadcast: giao thc iu khin truyn d
liu ti mi ch

84

42

18/08/2014

4.2. M hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Kin trc phn tng trn thc t (Bao
nhiu tng? Chc nng c th?...)
Kin trc phn tng trin khai trn
cc nt mng nh th no?

85

M hnh OSI/ISO

Tng ng dng (Application): cung cp cc ng

dng trn mng (web, email, truyn file)
Tng Trnh din (Presentation): biu din d liu
ca ng dng, e.g., m ha, nn, chuyn i
Tng Phin(Session): qun l phin lm vic, ng
b ha phin, khi phc qu trnh trao i d liu
Tng Giao vn (Transport): X l vic truyn-nhn
d liu cho cc ng dng chy trn nt mng ucui
Tng Mng (Network): Chn ng (nh tuyn),
chuyn tip gi tin t ngun n ch
Tng Lin kt d liu (Data link): Truyn d liu trn
cc lin kt vt l gia cc nt mng k tip nhau
Tng Vt l (Physical): Chuyn d liu (bit) thnh tn
hiu v truyn

Application
Preentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data link
Physical

86

43

18/08/2014

M hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Trong m hnh TCP/IP (Internet), chc nng3
tng trn c phn nh cho mt tng duy nht
Application layer
Presentation layer

Application
HTTP, FTP, SMTP

Session layer
Transport layer

Transport layer

Network layer

Network layer

Datalink layer

Datalink layer

Physical layer

Physical layer
87

M hnh OSI v TCP/IP

M hnh OSI:

M hnh tham chiu chc nng: Cc m hnh khc

phi tham chiu t m hnh OSI

Cung cp y cc chc nng m hnh OSI ch ra

m bo th t cc tng chc nng

C ngha ln v mt c s l thuyt
Khng s dng trn thc t

M hnh TCP/IP: m hnh Internet

S dng trn hu ht cc h thng mng

88

44

18/08/2014

Trin khai kin trc phn tng

Application
Transport

Application
Transport

Network

Network

Network

Datalink

Datalink

Datalink

Physical

Physical

Physical

Nt mng
u cui

Nt mng
trung gian

Nt mng
u cui

Nt mng u cui (end-system): PC, server,

smartphone...
Nt mng trung gian: cc thit b mng chuyn
tip d liu
89

Trin khai kin trc phn tng

Nt mng u cui (server,
PC, smartphone...)
ng dng mng cung cp
dch v cho ngi dng

PC

iu khin truyn d liu

gia cc ng dng
Chn ng, chuyn tip d
liu
iu khin truyn d liu trn
cc lin kt vt l
Chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu
v truyn i

Server

90

45

18/08/2014

Trin khai kin trc phn tng

Nt mng trung gian
ng dng mng cung cp
dch v cho ngi dng

PC

iu khin truyn d liu

gia cc ng dng
Chn ng, chuyn tip d
liu
iu khin truyn d liu trn
cc lin kt vt l
Chuyn d liu thnh tn hiu
v truyn i

Server

91

Chng giao thc TCP/IP

Aplication

DNS

DHCP

Transport

Network

Data link

Physical

SNMP

HTTP

UDP

SMTP

...

FTP

TCP

ICMP

RIP

...

OSPF

IP

Ethernet

FDDI

Copper

PPP

Optical

DSL

Radio

...

ARP

PSTN

S dng duy nht mt giao thc lin mng l IP

...

92

46

18/08/2014

Chng giao thc TCP/IP

Dng ng h ct: s dng duy nht mt giao thc

lin mng (IP Internet Protocol) ti tng mng:

Cho php mt h thng mng mi s dng cng ngh truyn

dn bt k kt ni vi h thng mng hin ti
Tch ri pht trin ng dng tng cao vi cng ngh
truyn dn cc tng thp

IP-based application: ng dng trn nn tng IP (VoIP...)

H tr thay i song song cc cng ngh trn v di IP

Tuy nhin, rt kh nng cp bn thn giao thc IP

(vn chuyn i IPv4 sang IPv6)

93

Ci t TCP/IP trn h thng

mng
Trn cc h thng u cui
Khc nhau trn cc ng
dng khc nhau

Nh nhau trn mi nt

IP

Trn mi nt
Khc nhau trn cc lin
kt khc nhau

94

47

18/08/2014

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

100M

10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
Ethernet/100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
95

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

TCP header

Ethernet/100M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
96

48

18/08/2014

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
100M

10G

Ethernet/100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

IP header TCP header

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
97

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

10G

IP
100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

Ethernet header IP header TCP header

Ethernet/100M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
98

49

18/08/2014

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP

IP

Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
100M

10G

Ethernet/100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

IP header TCP header

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
99

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP

IP

Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui
WDM header

10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

10G

IP
100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

IP header TCP header

Ethernet/100M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
100

50

18/08/2014

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
100M

10G

Ethernet/100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

IP header TCP header

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
101

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
Ethernet/100M

10G

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

Ethernet header IP header TCP header

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
102

51

18/08/2014

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

IP
100M

10G

Ethernet/100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

IP header TCP header

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
103

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

10G

IP
100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

TCP header

Ethernet/100M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
104

52

18/08/2014

ng gi trn chng giao thc

TCP/IP

FTP

FTP

TCP

TCP

IP
Ethernet/10M

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

IP
10M

IP
10G

CAT5 WDM

10G

IP
100M

Ethernet/100M

WDM CAT5

Cc nt mng trung gian

CAT5

Nt mng
u cui

D liu - payload
105

4.3. nh danh trong TCP/IP

Tn min
S hiu cng
a ch IP
a ch MAC
106

53

18/08/2014

nh danh

Cc nh danh cho php xc nh mt ngi hay

mt i tng

Tn

a ch

1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi

S in thoi

Bui Trong Tung

8680896

Email

tungbt@soict.hut.edu.vn

107

nh danh v cy phn cp

Cc nh danh xc nh a ch c tnh phn cp

Cho php qun l mt cc logic v hiu qu mt khng gian a

ch khng l
Tnh m rng

V d v tnh phn cp

a ch

S in thoi

Hanoi

1 Dai Co Viet, Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi

+84-(4) 868-08-96

Hai Ba Trung
Dai Co Viet
So 1
108

54

18/08/2014

nh danh trn kin trc phn tng

nh danh trong h thng mng my tnh: gn cho mi

i tng (dch v, my trm, thit b mng) mt gi tr
ring.
Ti sao phi nh danh?

Phn bit cc i tng trong h thng

Xc nh d liu xut pht t u
Xc nh d liu i n u

Mi tng c nhim v khc nhau iu khin vic

truyn thng tin gia nhng i tng khc nhau mi
tng c c ch nh danh khc nhau

Cng mt i tng c th mang nhiu nh danh c th cn

c ch phn gii tm kim mt nh danh ca i tng trn
tng ny khi bit nh danh ca i tng tng khc
109

nh danh trn TCP/IP

application

Domain name (tn min)

TCP/UDP

Port number (S hiu cng D)

IP

IP address, e.g. 203.12.15.165

data link

Physical address / MAC address

e.g. 00:11:24:79:8e:82

physical

110

55

18/08/2014

Tn min (Domain name)

nh danh s dng trn tng ng dng

L mt chui k t gi nh
Do ngi dng s dng khi truy cp dch v
trn tng ng dng
Khng c ngha khi truyn d liu gia cc
nt mng
Phn cp
V d: soict.hust.edu.vn

111

S hiu cng ng dng

nh danh s dng trn tng giao vn

16 bit
Mt ch s ph, dng km theo a ch IP
Cc ng dng c dnh danh bi mt a ch IP v
mt s hiu cng
Tng t nh s phng trong mt ta nh

a ch nh : Nh C1, 1 Dai Co Viet, Ha Noi => a ch IP

Phng s 325 => S hiu cng

E.g. HTTP cng 80, FTP cng 20, 21

112

56

18/08/2014

a ch IP

nh danh dng trn tng mng

Dng trong giao thc IP - Internet Protocol (tng mng)

Gi tr ph thuc tng mng, mi card mng c gn mt
a ch IP
S dng inh danh mt my tnh trong mt mng IP, v
d:
133.113.215.10 (ipv4)
2001:200:0:8803::53 (ipv6)

113

a ch dng trn tng

lin kt d liu

48 bit
a ch vt l / a ch MAC

S dng trong tng lin kt d liu

C nh trn card mng NIC ( Network Interface Card)
S dng nh danh my tnh trong mng cc b

HEX

00:11:24:79:8e:82

BIN

00000000

00010001 00100100 01111001

OUI

10001110 10000010

Gn bi nh sn xut

OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier): M nh sn xut

Mi nh sn xut c cc gi tr OUI ring
Mi nh sn xut c th c nhiu OUI

114

57

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Tng kt v phn tng v

chng giao thc
Li ch?
Hn ch?

115

Kh nng cng tc

Rt nhiu cng ngh c trin khai theo nhiu cch rt

khc nhau trn cc nt mng:

Phn cng ca nhng NSX khc nhau: IBM, Dell, Fujitsu,

Apple...
HH khc nhau: Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android, iOS...
Ngi dng s dng cc ng dng khc nhau: Firefox, Chrome,
Cc Cc...
Thit b mng ca nhng NSX khc nhau: Cisco, TP-Link...

V lun lun thay i

Phew!
Nhng tt c u c th ni chuyn vi nhau v
chng s dng chung giao thc
116

58

18/08/2014

Tru tng v ti s dng

Mi tng c nhiu la chn giao thc s dng:

Tng vt l: cp quang, ADSL, 3G, LTE...

Tng lin kt d liu: Ethernet, Token Ring, SONET, FDDI...
Giao vn: TCP, UDP

Nhng gc nhn ca tng ng dng: Mozilla (v tt

c NSX khc) khng phi vit trnh duyt Firefox (v tt
c ng dng khc) vi 1 phin bn cho mng LAN, 1
cho mng cp quang, 1 cho mng WiFi...

Cc giao thc cung cp API chun pht trin ng dng

Cc tng thp trong sut vi tng ng dng

117

Trong sut

Cng ngh trn mi tng thc hin cc

phng thc truyn thng khc nhau
Thay th cng ngh cc tng c th thc
hin song song

Min l gi nguyn im truy cp dch v SAP

Thay th cng ngh mt tng khng nh

hng n cc tng khc

118

59

18/08/2014

Hn ch

Mt s thng tin tng di b n (do tnh trong sut)

i vi tng trn c th lm gim hiu nng hot ng
ca tng trn (v do lm gim hiu nng hot ng
ca mng)

Phn tiu c kch thc ng k trong gi tin

Mt s cng ngh tng di c th lm giao thc tng
trn thc hin kh khn hn:

V d: TCP phi kim sot tc nghn trn ng truyn

V d: TCP trn mng khng dy

TCP/IP khng c cc c ch an ton bo mt thng tin

119

Ti liu tham kho

Keio University
Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach,
J.Kurose
Computer Network, Berkeley University

120

60