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Nature and Science of Sleep
How does diurnal intermittent fasting impact sleep, daytime sleepiness, and markers of the biological clock? Current insights2018 •
Mealtimes and feeding schedules may interfere with the circadian system and impact sleep. The practice of intermittent fasting (IF) in its different formats is increasing worldwide. However, most studies addressing the effect of IF on circadian rhythms, daytime sleepiness, and sleep architecture have been conducted during diurnal IF for Ramadan. In this article, we analyze the effect of diurnal IF on the circadian clock, sleep, and daytime sleepiness. In free-living, unconstrained environments that do not control for lifestyle changes such as sleep/wake schedules, sleep duration, and light exposure, studies have demonstrated sudden and significant delays in bedtime and wake time during diurnal intermittent fasting for Ramadan. However, subsequent studies that accounted for lifestyle factors and sleep/wake patterns have reported no changes in markers of the biological clock, daytime sleepiness, or sleep parameters. Nevertheless , several researchers have demonstrated a reduction in the proportion of rapid eye movement stage sleep as the significant alteration in sleep architecture during fasting.
Several types of hormones exert control over appetite in humans. This narrative review explores the effects of exercise and training on the concentrations of gastro-intestinal hormones in healthy and obese individuals. It focuses on the major hormones of appetite regulation: ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, cholecys-tokinin, leptin, and oxyntomodulin. In normal-weight and overweight individuals, responses to most of these hormones depend on the intensity of exercise and training. However, findings in obese individuals are limited in number and, to some degree , contradictory. Although some gastrointestinal hormones have been studied extensively (eg, leptin), most have not been investigated systematically. Further research is required to confirm the effectiveness of exercise and training on gut hormones and to better understand the effect of gut hormones on appetite and hunger suppression in individuals with obesity. Investigations to elucidate the impact of various forms of exercise that have recently engaged the public interest, eg, high-intensity interval training or concurrent aerobic and resistance training, are warranted.
Purpose Studies have shown that experimental fasting can affect cognitive function, sleep, and wakefulness patterns. However, the effects of experimental fasting cannot be generalized to fasting during Ramadan due to its unique characteristics. Therefore, there has been increased interest in studying the effects of fasting during Ramadan on sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness, cognitive function, sleep architecture, and circadian rhythm. Method In this review, we critically discuss the current research findings in those areas during the month of Ramadan. Results Available data that controlled for sleep/wake schedule , sleep duration, light exposure, and energy expenditure do not support the notion that Ramadan intermittent fasting increases daytime sleepiness and alters cognitive function. Additionally, recent well-designed studies showed no effect of fasting on circadian rhythms. However, in non-constrained environments that do not control for lifestyle changes, studies have demonstrated sudden and significant delays in bedtime and wake time. Conclusions Studies that controlled for environmental factors and sleep/wake schedule reported no significant disturbances in sleep architecture. Nevertheless, several studies have consistently reported that the main change in sleep architecture during fasting is a reduction in the proportion of REM sleep.
International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology
Breast Milk Hormones and Their Protective Effect on Obesity2009 •
Current Sleep Medicine Reports
Intermittent Fasting, Insufficient Sleep, and Circadian Rhythm: Interaction and Effects on the Cardiometabolic System2018 •
Purpose of Review Sleep, circadian rhythms, and fasting/feeding are important factors that affect cardiometabolic function. Here, we review recent studies that assessed the role of intermittent fasting, short sleep duration, and circadian rhythm disruption, as well as their interactions, on the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. Recent Findings The cardiometabolic system is sensitive to sleep, circadian rhythms, and fasting/feeding patterns. Recent data show that these factors may influence each other and hence, directly or indirectly affect cardiometabolic risk. Fasting/feeding schedules and mealtimes may cause misalignment of the circadian system resulting in several cardiometabolic disturbances. Recent data reveal that intermittent fasting (IF) improves several cardiometabolic indicators in both laboratory animals and humans maintained on IF diets during alternate day fasting, diurnal IF, or time-restricted feeding. However, most of the human studies recruited a modest number of participants and did not control for several confounding factors that may have affected the measurement of cardiometabolic parameters, such as sleep duration and timing, energy expenditure, and light exposure. Summary Current evidence shows that IF, sleep, and circadian rhythms can affect cardiometabolic risk both individually or collectively. IF, adequate sleep, and matching mealtimes with the circadian clock improve several cardiometabolic parameters. More extensive human studies that assess the interaction between the three factors in the general population are needed to complement the currently available short-term laboratory-based human studies.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in middle-distance runners2009 •
Clinical Endocrinology
Can hormones contained in mothers��� milk account for the beneficial effect of breast-feeding on obesity in children2009 •
Nutrition and growth during infancy are an emerging issue because of their potential link to metabolic health disorders in later life. Moreover, prolonged breast-feeding appears to be associated with a lower risk of obesity than formula feeding. Human milk is a source of various hormones and growth factors, namely adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), ghrelin, resistin and obestatin, which are involved in food intake regulation and energy balance. These compounds are either not found in commercial milk formulas or their presence is still controversial. Diet-related differences during infancy in serum levels of factors involved in energy metabolism might explain anthropometric differences and also differences in dietary habits between breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants later in life, and may thus have long-term health consequences. In this context, the recent finding of higher leptin levels and lower ghrelin levels in BF than in FF infants suggests that differences in hormonal values together with different protein intake could account for the differences in growth between BF and FF infants both during infancy and later in life. In this review, we examine the data related to hormones contained in mothers’ milk and their potential protective effect on subsequent obesity and metabolic-related disorders.
Journal of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences
Future Prospects for Optimal Economic Guidance for Egyptian Imports of Sugar الآفاق المستقبلیة للتوجیه الأقتصادى الأمثل للواردات المصریة من السکر2017 •
2020 •
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate
Forecasting the Earth’s radiation belts and modelling solar energetic particle events: Recent results from SPACECAST2013 •
Revista Intersecções
O Acontecimento Dos Protestos No Brasil Em 2013: Uma Agitação Nas Redes De Memória Do Cidadão Brasileiro2014 •
Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi
Hastane Pnömati̇k Si̇stemleri̇ni̇n Bulanik Mantikla Modellenmesi̇2020 •
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Primeiro censo brasileiro em cirurgia refrativa2005 •
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1989 •
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II Encontro do GT de Gênero - ANPOF
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Acta Neurochirurgica
Intra-operative MRI facilitates tumour resection during trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas2011 •
2012 •
Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana
Stable Carbon Isotopes Applied to Vegetation Reconstruction in the Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico2012 •
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Patients with a Systemic Right Ventricle: Who Are at Risk of Clinical Events?2013 •
2024 •
Hands-on quantum sensing with NV centers in diamond
Hands-on quantum sensing with NV centers in diamond2023 •
Archives of Economic History
A simulation model of economic growth: an empirical analysis of USA2014 •
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
Segmentation and recognition of handwritten dates: an HMM-MLP hybrid approach2003 •
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
Introduction of Spring-Assisted Cranioplasty for Sagittal Craniosynostosis in a Craniofacial Service: A Report of Early Experience2022 •
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