K nng lp k hoch v t chc cng vic

Hoch nh l mt qu trnh n nh nhng mc tiu v xc nh bin php tt nht thc

hin nhng mc tiu . Ti liu lp k hoch ca cc nh qun l cp trung v cp cao.
Rt cn thit trong vic nh hng cng vic v kinh doanh ca cng ty.

1.

Khi

nim

Hoch nh l mt qu trnh n nh nhng mc tiu v xc nh bin php tt nht thc

hin
nhng
mc
tiu
.
N lin h vi nhng phng tin cng nh vi nhng mc ch. Tt c nhng ngi
qun
l
u
lm
cng
vic
hoch
nh.
2.

ngha

- T duy c h thng tin liu cc tnh hung qun l

Phi
hp
mi
ngun
lc
ca
t
chc
hu
hiu
hn.
Tp
trung
vo
cc
mc
tiu
v
chnh
sch
ca
t
chc.
- Nm vng cc nhim v c bn ca t chc phi hp vi cc qun l vin khc.
- Sn sng ng ph v i ph vi nhng thay i ca mi trng bn ngoi
Pht
trin
hu
hiu
cc
tiu
chun
kim
tra.
3.

Lm

th

no

xc

nh

cng

vic?

Khi bt u mt cng vic mi, lm th no trin khai cng vic hon ho?

Nu bn khng c phng php xc nh y cc yu t, bn c th b st nhiu

ni dung cng vic. chnh l mt l hng trong hoch nh cng vic
PHNG PHP XC NH NI DUNG CNG VIC (5W H 2C 5M)
Xc
nh
mc
tiu,
yu
cu
cng
vic
1W
(why)
Xc
nh
ni
dung
cng
vic
1W
(what)
Xc
nh
3W:
where,
when,
who
Xc
nh
cch
thc
thc
hin
1H
(how)
Xc
nh
phng
php
kim
sot

1C
(control)
Xc
nh
phng
php
kim
tra

1C
(check)
Xc
nh
ngun
lc
thc
hin
5M
3.1

Xc

nh

mc

tiu

yu

cu

(Why)

Khi phi lm mt cng vic, iu u tin m bn phi quan tm l:

Ti
sao
bn
phi
lm
cng
vic
ny?
- N c ngha nh th no vi t chc, b phn ca bn?
Hu
qu
nu
bn
khng
thc
hin
chng?
Why (ti sao?) l 1W trong 5W. Khi bn thc hin mt cng vic th iu u tin bn nn
xem
xt

chnh
l
why
vi
ni
dung
nh
trn.
Xc nh c yu cu, mc tiu gip bn lun hng trng tm cc cng vic vo mc
tiu
v
nh
gi
hiu
qu
cui
cng.
3.2

Xc

nh

ni

dung

cng

vic

(What?)

1W
=
what?
Ni
dung
cng
vic

l
gi?
Hy
ch
ra
cc
bc

thc
hin
cng
vic
c
giao.
Bn hy chc rng, bc sau l khch hng ca bc cng vic trc.
3.3
Where:
-

Xc

u,

Cng
Giao
Kim
Testing

nh
th

vic

hng
tra
nhng

bao

gm
thc

ti
ti

a
b
cng

3W

cc

cu

hin

ti
im
phn
on

hi

sau:
u?
no?
no?
no?

When: Cng vic thc hin khi no, khi no th giao, khi no kt thc
- xc nh c thi hn phi lm cng vic, bn cn xc nh c mc khn cp
v
mc

quan
trng
ca
tng
cng
vic.
C
4
loi
cng
vic
khc
nhau:
+
Cng
vic
quan
trng
v
khn
cp,
+
Cng
vic
khng
quan
trng
nhng
khn
cp,
+
Cng
vic
quan
trng
nhng
khng
khn
cp,
+
Cng
vic
khng
quan
trng
v
khng
khn
cp.
Bn
phi
thc
hin
cng
vic
quan
trng
v
khn
cp
trc.

Who:

Ai,

bao

gm

Ai

cc
lm

Ai
nh

phng

sau:

tra
tr.
nhim

kim
h
trch

chu

Xc

cnh

vic

Ai
Ai

3.4

kha

php

1H

H l how, ngha l nh th no? N bao gm cc ni dung:

- Ti liu hng dn thc hin l g (cch thc thc hin tng cng vic)?
Tiu
chun
l
g?
Nu
c
my
mc
th
cch
thc
vn
hnh
nh
th
no?
3.5 Xc nh phng php kim sot (Control)
Cch
thc
kim
sot
(control)
s
lin
quan
n:
Cng
vic

c
c
tnh
g?
Lm
th
no

o
lng
c
tnh
?
o
lng
bng
dng
c,
my
mc
nh
th
no?
- C bao nhiu im kim sot v im kim sot trng yu
(Xem chi tit qua ti liu v MBP phng php qun l theo qu trnh)
3.6

Xc

nh

phng

php

kim

tra

(check)

Phng php kim tra (check) lin quan n cc ni dung sau:

- C nhng bc cng vic no cn phi kim tra. Thng thng th c bao nhiu cng
vic th cng cn s lng tng t cc bc phi kim tra.
- Tn sut kim tra nh th no? Vic kim tra thc hin 1 ln hay thng xuyn (nu
vy
th
bao
lu
mt
ln?).
Ai
tin
hnh
kim
tra?
Nhng
im
kim
tra
no
l
trng
yu?
- Trong DN khng th c y cc ngun lc tin hnh kim tra ht tt c cc cng
on, do vy chng ta ch tin hnh kim tra nhng im trng yu (quan trng nht).
- im kim tra trng yu tun theo nguyn tc Pareto (20/80), tc l nhng im kim tra
ny ch chim 20 % s lng nhng chim n 80 % khi lng sai st.
3.7

Xc

nh

ngun

lc

(5M)

Nhiu k hoch thng ch ch trng n cng vic m li khng ch trng n cc ngun

lc, m ch c ngun lc mi m bo cho k hoch c kh thi.
Ngun
lc
bao
gm
cc
yu
t:
Man
=
ngun
nhn
lc.
Money
=
Tin
bc.
Material
=
nguyn
vt
liu/h
thng
cung
ng.
Machine
=
my
mc/cng
ngh.
Method
=
phng
php
lm
vic.

a.
Man,
bao
gm
cc
ni
dung:
- Nhng ai s thc hin cng vic, h c trnh , kinh nghim, k nng, phm cht,
tnh
cch
ph
hp?
Ai
h
tr?
Ai
kim
tra?
- Nu cn ngun phng nga th c ngun lc con ngi h tr khng?
b. Material = nguyn vt liu/h thng cung ng, bao gm cc
Xc
nh
tiu
chun
Tiu
chun
nh
cung
Xc
nh
phng
php
giao
- Thi hn giao hng.
4.
Hoch
Hoch
Hoch
Hoch
Hoch
- Hoch nh tun.
4.1
c
Qu
u
4.2
c
-

Phn
nh
nh
nh
Mc

nh

Thi

hn:

chin
kh:

tiu:

chi

trnh
c
bn
ca
hoch
Nhn
thc
c
Xc
nh
cc
Pht
trin
cc
Xc
nh
cc
phng
nh
gi
cc
La
chn
Hoch
nh
cc
k
Lng
ha
bng
hoch
ra
Mt
K

ca
bn
hoch
Hoch

Thi
Mc

lc
im
nm
rng
tit

vi

Khun
Mc

loi
lc.
nghip.
n.
tiu.
nm.
thng.

chin
tc
d
nh
nh

Hoch

hn:
Khun
tiu:

hoch
k
pht

nh

la
phng
phng
hoch
ph
nh
ngn

nh

chin
kinh
cng
tc

ngy,
chi

chin
c
mc
tin

nh
hoch
trin

tun,
kh:
tit

yu t:
NVL.
ng.
hng

xc

lc
hi
tiu

chn
n.
n
tr
qu
lc:
doanh
ty.
nghip
im
thng
hp
nh

u
-

ra
H

ca

hoch

4.3
Hoch
nh
d
Xc
nh
cc
yu
cu
ca
d
Xc
nh
cc
quy
trnh
c
Xc
nh
ngun
lc
cung
cp
cho
d
Xy
dng
k
hoch
thc
hin
d
n
theo
s

n
n.
bn.
n.
gantt

4.4
(Phn
-

tiu:
tiu)
tiu
tiu
tiu:

bn tham
Phn
iu
Lp
k

kho

ng

ca

nghip:

ngn

ny,

hot
s
trnh

tc

nh:
nang.
ng
nh
vic
mu
hn.

Cc

thng
ti
liu
Cc
loi
Quy
Cc
Hng
Cc
k
hoch
thc

nh

t
chc
cm

tay,
hot
quy

dn
hin

cng

Mc
theo k
loi

kin
hoch

biu
tiu,

mc

nng

ca
thc

qun

l
mc

theo

mc

mc
hin

mc

4.4.1
Phn
loi
mc
tiu
Mc
tiu
cp
cng
ty,
b
phn,
c
nhn
- Theo Peter Drucker, mc tiu ca cng ty xp t ngn hn n di hn nh sau:
+
Tn
ti
v
tng
trng.
+
Li
nhun
+
Phn
b
cc
ngun
lc
v
ri
ro
+
Nng
sut
+
Vi
th
cnh
tranh
+
Pht
trin
ngun
lc
+
Pht
trin
cng
ngh
+
Trch
nhm
x
hi.
4.4.2
iu
kin
iu kin ca mc tiu phi m bo
Specific

c
Measurable

Achievable

Realistics

Timebound

ca
mc
yu cu ca nguyn
th,
d
o
lng
va
thc
c
thi

tc

tiu:
SMART
hiu
c
sc.
t.
hn.

a/Specific

c
th,
d
hiu
- Ch tiu phi c th v n nh hng cho cc hot ng trong tng lai.
- ng ni mc tiu ca bn l dn u th trng trong khi i th ang chim 40 % th
phn.
- Hy t mc tiu chim ti thiu 41% th phn, t bn s bit mnh cn phi c t

bao

nhiu

na.

b/Measurable

o
lng
c
- Ch tiu ny m khng o lng c th khng bit c t c hay khng?
- ng ghi: phi tr li th ca khch hng ngay khi c th. Hy yu cu nhn vin tr li
th
ngay
trong
ngy
nhn
c.
c/Achievable

va

sc.

- Ch tiu phi c tnh thch thc c gng, nhng cng ng t ch tiu loi khng th
t
ni.
- Nu bn khng c ging ca tri ph th ng t ch tiu tr thnh siu sao. Gi trng
lng

mc
l
tng
45kg
c
th
va
sc
hn.
d/Realistics

thc

t.

- y l tiu ch o lng s cn bng gia kh nng thc hin so vi ngun lc ca

doanh
nghip
bn
(thi
gian,
nhn
s,
tin
bc..).
- ng t ch tiu gim 20 kg trong mt thng t trng lng l tng 45 kg trong
vng
mt
thng,
nh
vy
l
khng
thc
t.
e/Timebound

thi

hn.

- Mi cng vic phi c thi hn hon thnh, nu khng n s b tr hon.

- Thi gian hp l gip bn va t c mc tiu li va dng sc cho cc mc tiu
khc.
4.4.3
K
hoch
thc
hin
C
th
s
dng
cc
biu

tin
Mt trong nhng cng c rt hiu qu l

mc
tiu

lp
k
phn mm Microsoft

(gantt)
hoch
project.

4.5
Hoch
nh
k
hoch
nm
Ngun
thng
tin
t

lp
k
hoch
nm
bao
gm:
T
chin
lc
ca
cng
ty.
T
cc
d
n
tham
gia
- T mc tiu ca cng ty v mc tiu b phn do cng ty giao.
T
cc
nhim
v
theo
chc
nng
nhim
v
b
phn.
Ni
dung
ca
k
hoch
cng
tc
nm:
Ni
dung
cc
mc
tiu
cng
vic.
Thi
gian
thc
hin.
- Mc quan trng ca cc cng vic ( gip b phn c th t trng tm vo cng tc
no
v
nh
gi
cng
vic
cui
nm).
4.6
Hoch
nh
Ngun
thng
tin
Cc
cng
vic
Cc
cng
vic
Cc
cng
vic
mi

k
hoch
lp
k
hoch
trong
k
hoch
thng
trc
cn
tn
pht
sinh
do
cng
ty

thng:
thng
nm.
ti.
giao.

Ni
dung
k
hoch
thng
Cc
cng
vic
quan
trng
trong
thng
- Phn cc cng vic c th gm: ni dung cng vic, thi gian thc hin, ngi thc hin.
- Cc cng vic cha xc nh c lch (nhng phi lm trong thng hoc lm trong thng
sau).
4.7
Hoch
nh
k
Ngun
thng
tin

lp
Cc
cng
vic
trong
Cc
cng
vic
trong
tun
trc
- Cc cng vic mi pht sinh do cng ty giao thm.

k
k
cha

hoch
hoch
hoch
thc
hin

tun
tun:
thng.
xong

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