Top 10 K nng mm sng hc tp v lm vic hiu qu

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C mt nghch l rt kh l gii: Ngi VN thi cc gii quc t (ton, vt l, c vua, robotcom...) u c nh gi rt cao, th nhng li cha thnh t nhiu trong cng vic. Ngi gi: Phan Quc Vit Nm no nc ta cng c rt nhiu gii vng, gii bc quc t - iu m nhiu nc trong khu vc phi ghen t. Nhng mi khi ni v nng lc ca lao ng VN th chc chn chng ta dng mt v tr ng bun. Ti sao li th? R rng l c mt khong hng ht ln gia ci c dy v nhu cu x hi, thc t sn xut kinh doanh. Trong hi ngh vi b i hc, UNESCO xng mc ch hc tp: Hc bit, hc lm, hc chung sng, hc t khng nh mnh. Trng hc chng ta hin ang nng v hc bit, ngha l ch t c mt trong bn mc tiu ca UNESCO. Ngn hng Th gii gi th k 21 l k nguyn ca kinh t da vo k nng - Skills Based Economy(http://www.librarything.com/work/5395375). Nng lc ca con ngi c nh gi trn c 3 kha cnh: kin thc, k nng v thi . Cc nh khoa hc th gii cho rng: thnh t trong cuc sng th k nng mm (tr tu cm xc) chim 85%, k nng cng (tr tu logic) ch chim 15% (http://www.softskillsinstitution.com/faq.htm). Chng ta bc vo th k 21 10 nm, th m chng trnh o to v vic nh gi nng lc ca hc sinh, sinh vin vn da ch yu vo kin thc. Peter M. Senge ni V kh cnh tranh mnh nht l hc nhanh hn i th. R rng mun tng cng nng lc cnh tranh chng ta khng nhng phi hc nhanh m phi hc ng. Ngy xa, nh trng l ni duy nht ta c th tip cn vi kin thc. Th gii ngy cng phng hn, nh internet mi ngi u c th tip cn c thng tin, d liu mt cch bnh ng, mi lc, mi ni. Kin thc ngy cng nhiu v t vic c kin thc n thc hin mt cng vic c kt qu c th khng phi ch c kin thc l c. T bit n hiu, n lm vic chuyn nghip vi nng sut cao l mt khong cch rt ln. Vy cu hi t ra l: K nng no l cn thit cho mi con ngi thnh cng trong cng vic v cuc sng? Ti M, B Lao ng M (The U.S. Department of Labor) cng Hip hi o to v Pht trin M (The American Society of Training and Development) gn y thc hin mt cuc nghin cu v cc k nng c bn trong cng vic. Kt lun c a ra l c 13 k nng c bn cn thit thnh cng trong cng vic: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. K nng hc v t hc (learning to learn) K nng lng nghe (Listening skills) K nng thuyt trnh (Oral communication skills) K nng gii quyt vn (Problem solving skills) K nng t duy sng to (Creative thinking skills) K nng qun l bn thn v tinh thn t tn (Self esteem)

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

K nng t mc tiu/ to ng lc lm vic (Goal setting/ motivation skills) K nng pht trin c nhn v s nghip (Personal and career development skills) K nng giao tip ng x v to lp quan h (Interpersonal skills) K nng lm vic ng i (Teamwork) K nng m phn (Negotiation skills) K nng t chc cng vic hiu qu (Organizational effectiveness) K nng lnh o bn thn (Leadership skills)

Nm 1989, B Lao ng M cng thnh lp mt y ban Th k v Rn luyn cc K nng Cn thit (The Secretarys Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills - SCANS). Thnh vin ca y ban ny n t nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh gio dc, kinh doanh, doanh nhn, ngi lao ng, cng chc nhm mc ch thc y nn kinh t bng ngun lao ng k nng cao v cng vic thu nhp cao. (http://wdr.doleta.gov/SCANS/) Ti c, Hi ng Kinh doanh c (The Business Council of Australia - BCA) v Phng thng mi v cng nghip c (the Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry - ACCI) vi s bo tr ca B Gio dc, o to v Khoa hc (the Department of Education, Science and Training DEST) v Hi ng gio dc quc gia c (the Australian National Training Authority - ANTA) xut bn cun K nng hnh ngh cho tng lai (nm 2002). Cun sch cho thy cc k nng v kin thc m ngi s dng lao ng yu cu bt buc phi c. K nng hnh ngh (employability skills) l cc k nng cn thit khng ch c c vic lm m cn tin b trong t chc thng qua vic pht huy tim nng c nhn v ng gp vo nh hng chin lc ca t chc. Cc k nng hnh ngh bao gm c 8 k nng nh sau: 1. K nng giao tip (Communication skills) 2. K nng lm vic ng i (Teamwork skills) 3. K nng gii quyt vn (Problem solving skills) 4. K nng sng to v mo him (Initiative and enterprise skills) 5. K nng lp k hoch v t chc cng vic (Planning and organising skills) 6. K nng qun l bn thn (Self-management skills) 7. K nng hc tp (Learning skills) 8. K nng cng ngh (Technology skills) (Ngun: http://www.acci.asn.au/text_files/issues_papers/Employ_Educ/ee21.pdf) Chnh ph Canada cng c mt b ph trch v vic pht trin k nng cho ngi lao ng. B Pht trin Ngun Nhn lc v K nng Canada (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada - HRSDC) c nhim v xy dng ngun nhn lc mnh v c nng lc cnh tranh, gip ngi Canada nng cao nng lc ra quyt nh v nng sut lm vic nng cao cht lng cuc sng. B ny cng c nhng nghin cu a ra danh sch cc k nng cn thit i vi ngi lao ng. Conference Board of Canada l mt t chc phi li nhun ca Canada dnh ring cho nghin cu v phn tch cc xu hng kinh t, cng nh nng lc hot ng cc t chc v cc vn chnh sch cng cng. T chc ny cng c nghin cu v a ra danh sch cc k nng hnh ngh cho th k 21 (Employability Skills 2000+) bao gm c k nng nh: 1. K nng giao tip (Communication)

K nng gii quyt vn (Problem solving) K nng t duy v hnh vi tch cc (Positive attitudes and behaviours) K nng thch ng (Adaptability) K nng lm vic vi con ngi (Working with others) K nng nghin cu khoa hc, cng ngh v ton (Science, technology and mathematics skills) (Ngun: http://www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/4E332FD9-B268-443D-866C621D02265C3A/2212/final_report.pdf) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Chnh ph Anh cng c c quan chuyn trch v pht trin k nng cho ngi lao ng. B i mi, i hc v K nng c chnh ch thnh lp t ngy 28/6/2007, n thng 6/2009 th c ghp vi B Kinh t, Doanh nghip v i mi Php ch to nn b mi l B Kinh t, i mi v K nng. B ny chu trch nhim v cc vn lin quan n vic hc tp ca ngi ln, mt phn ca gio dc nng cao, k nng, khoa hc v i mi. (Ngun: http://www.dius.gov.uk/). C quan chng nhn chng trnh v tiu chun (Qualification and Curriculum Authority) cng a ra danh sch cc k nng quan trng bao gm: K nng tnh ton (Application of number) K nng giao tip (Communication) K nng t hc v nng cao nng lc c nhn (Improving own learning and performance) K nng s dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (Information and communication technology) 5. K nng gii quyt vn (Problem solving) 6. K nng lm vic vi con ngi (Working with others) 1. 2. 3. 4. Chnh ph Singapore c Cc pht trin lao ng WDA (Workforce Development Agency) WDA thit lp h thng cc k nng hnh ngh ESS (Singapore Employability Skills System) gm 10 k nng (http://wsq.wda.gov.sg/GenericSkills/): 1. K nng cng s v tnh ton (Workplace literacy & numeracy) 2. K nng s dng cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng (Information & communications technology) 3. K nng gii quyt vn v ra quyt nh (Problem solving & decision making) 4. K nng sng to v mo him (Initiative & enterprise) 5. K nng giao tip v qun l quan h (Communication & relationship management) 6. K nng hc tp sut i (Lifelong learning) 7. K nng t duy m ton cu (Global mindset) 8. K nng t qun l bn thn (Self-management) 9. K nng t chc cng vic (Workplace-related life skills) 10. K nng an ton lao ng v v sinh sc khe (Health & workplace safety). Trong WDA cn c Trung tm k nng hnh ngh (The Centre for Employability Skills (CES)) nh gi h v h tr o to k nng.

 VN, cc k nng cha c ch trng trong h thng gio dc cng nh trong cuc sng. Hnh nh nn gio dc ca chng ta ang da trn mt gi nh ngi ta bit th ngi ta s lm c. V v vy h c c dy cho hc sinh, sinh vin tht nhiu kin thc hng lm c vic khi ra trng. Nhng thc t u c vy, t bit n hiu l mt khong cch rt xa, v t hiu n lm vic chuyn nghip vi nng sut cao l mt khong cch cn xa hn na. iu ny dn n mt thc trng l sinh vin khi ra trng bit nhiu kin thc nhng li khng c kh nng lm vic c th. Ch vi nm gn y, cc phng tin thng tin i chng mi nhc nhiu n cm t k nng v k nng mm. K nng l kh nng thc hin mt cng vic nht nh, trong mt hon cnh, iu kin nht nh, t c mt ch tiu nht nh. Cc k nng c th l k nng ngh nghip (cc k nng k thut c th nh hn, tin, nh my, li xe, lnh o, qun l, gim st) v k nng sng (cc k nng giao tip, ng x, t duy, gii quyt xung t, hp tc, chia s). Mi ngi hc ngh khc nhau th c cc k nng khc nhau nhng cc k nng sng l cc k nng c bn th bt c ai lm ngh g cng cn phi c. Chng ta t ho v ngun lao ng di do. Nhng mi ch l s lng. Cht lng lao ng mi l vn ng bn. Theo b Nguyn Th Hng (nguyn B trng B L, TB & XH, Ch tch hi dy ngh VN), hin nay, Vit Nam cn n hn 50% lao ng trong tng s hn 10 triu lao ng cha qua o to c bn chnh quy, m ch yu l va hc va lm hoc lm nhng cng vic n gin. iu cho chng ta thy bc tranh tng th v k nng ngh nghip ca lc lng lao ng khng c g l sng sa cho lm v cn nhiu vic phi lm c mt bc tranh ti sng hn. iu ti thiu phi bit (nhng li khng phi ai cng bit), l x hi by gi s dng sn phm dng c, ch khng s dng kh nng hay bng cp ca con ngi. Anh khng c k nng nh my, th c thuc lng 10 quyn sch v Microsoft Office cng v ngha. Anh khng thit k ni mt ci nh bnh thng 3 tng, th c tt nghip xut sc trng Kin trc cng v ngha. Tng hp cc nghin cu ca cc nc v thc t VN, 10 k nng sau l cn bn v quan trng hng u cho ngi lao ng trong thi i ngy nay: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. K nng hc v t hc (Learning to learn) K nng lnh o bn thn v hnh nh c nhn (Self leadership & Personal branding) K nng t duy sng to v mo him (Initiative and enterprise skills) K nng lp k hoch v t chc cng vic (Planning and organising skills) K nng lng nghe (Listening skills) K nng thuyt trnh (Presentation skills) K nng giao tip v ng x (Interpersonal skills) K nng gii quyt vn (Problem solving skills) K nng lm vic ng i (Teamwork) K nng m phn (Negotiation skills)

Nh vy ngoi nhng kin thc chuyn mn, ngi lao ng cn phi c trang b thm cc k nng hnh ngh m bo c c vic lm m cn tin b trong t chc thng qua vic pht huy tim nng c nhn v ng gp vo nh hng chin lc ca t chc gp phn vo s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc.

Lu nay chng ta ch ngh n xut khu lao ng, nhng mt thc t mi ang thch ngi lao ng VN l trong thi k khng hong ngi nc ngoi ang n tranh ch lm vic ca ta. Chng ta c th b thua ngay trn sn nh. R rng 10 k nng mm thit yu ny khng nhng ch gip ngi lao ng nng cao nng sut, hiu qu cng vic m thc cht l gip ch rt nhiu trong mi kha cch cuc sng gia nh ngoi x hi ti cng s, nng cao ng k cht lng cuc sng v vn ha x hi, gp phn thay i din mo con ngi VN. Hc hi kinh nghim t cc nc cng nghip tin tin, nh nc cn phi xy dng mt chng trnh quc gia v k nng mm, thnh lp mt c quan chuyn trch xy dng h thng k nng, o to v gim st cht lng nng lc ca lc lng lao ng. Chng ta bc vo k nguyn kinh t tri thc. Trong k nguyn kinh t tri thc th ngun vn con ngi l quan trng nht. Khng th gii quyt vn mi bng chun mc c Khng th ngi h ho v ci cch gio dc m phi c bin php c th nng cao nng lc ca mi ngi dn, nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca VN.
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