- REQUIREMENTS OF HUMAN RESOURCE IN VIETNAM MECHANICAL INDUSTRY IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0. - The fourth industrial revolution is different from other industrial revolutions in speed, scope and influence to many aspects of life. - Industry 4.0 is expected to lift people from the production lines, also creates a breaking by supplying chance for the development of each individual with support of information, knowledge and new technology. - Mechanical human resource in Vietnam with low quality, weak soft skills and low flexibility is hindering the development and integration of the mechanical industry in the new stage. - New requirement of knowledge and skills for Vietnamese mechanical engineers in an age of smart manufacturing is to improve the efficiency, quality, and utilization of operation in modern mechanical factories.. - Key words: human resource, mechanical industry, Industry 4.0, requirement, skills.. - There are about 3.600 mechanical enterprises in Vietnam with the total output over VND 1.100.000 billion, of which VND 400.000 billion came from domestic engineering, with more than 500 types of products such as machine tools, electric motors and metal products. - At present, the output of mechanical engineering accounts for only 22% of the total industrial production value, while investment capital accounts for more than 16% and the labor force accounts for 12% with over 500,000 employees. - Re-orientation of mechanical engineering sector to intensive and advance way of development is required, what assumes necessity to solve a complex of accumulated interrelated and interdependent problems in legislative, legal and regulatory, financial and economic, educational and personnel areas [6].. - In industry 4.0, people, machines and products communicate with one another via the internet. - A dynamic era of change in the world of work will introduce Industrial Revolution 4.0, which will be shaped by a range of new technologies and innovations that bring us driverless cars, smart robots, Virtual Reality (VR) for the digital world, the Internet of Things (IoT), connected devices, artificial intelligence (AI) and 3D printing. - The challenge is that businesses do not change and do not catch up with technology will be eliminated, and many workers lacked tech-oriented skills in mechanical industry will face the possibility of losing their jobs in the next few years. - In the factory, engineers need to be able to design, make the production process and technicians who are capable of controlling high-tech machines.. - Industry 4.0 offers mechanical engineering the opportunity to expand their competitiveness further. - Digitizing the value chain means a change to the mechanical engineering industry. - The potential of Industry 4.0 is enormous due to the worldwide networking of machines, warehouse systems and operating equipment as CPS that mean new smart factories. - This means companies must find a way to get every machine talking to the corporate network, and to do so securely, using standards-based technology.. - Industry 4.0 solutions improve the efficiency, quality, and utilization of factory operations. - The mechanical engineering sector have to know how new technologies can be successfully integrated for the benefit of the customer. - Influence of the fourth industrial evolution in mechanical industry The key components that allow Industry 4.0 to come to life are:. - Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): is the declination of Internet of Things to the manufacturing world.. - Internet of Services: refers to the usage and combination of IoT devices and applications to provide services to end users and to other components of the ecosystem.. - So, it keeps operators on their toes leaving them to ask: how do I build a product with the highest throughput, lowest cost, least amount of material and fastest cycle time? The World Economic Forum forecast by 2020, more than one-third of workers will need skills they don’t now have. - The other drivers of the Industry 4.0 trend will be Government support, data analytics and economic management. - Vietnam’s workforce needs to be ready to learn and step into the Industry 4.0 era. - The small and simple steps need to be taken immediately. - Human resources will be a key driver in manufacturing companies becoming Industry 4.0 players. - A number of Vietnamese businesses, especially those in the automobile, agricultural machinery and design industries, have moving to Industry 4.0 with efficient investments in technological innovation. - Industry 4.0 instead, focuses on smart equipment, that can interact together and make real- time, expert and aware, decisions. - The number of workers will decrease significantly due to the support of advanced technology and automation in the manufacturing process. - The role of mechanical engineers will not only be crucial in the smart factory, it will expand and encompass a diversity of task and roles that may differ from the traditional job descriptions in the field today. - However, the point in favor of mechanical engineers is that it will continue to take a very good understanding of the physical objects, processes and systems to transform them. - The fourth industrial revolution marks the move away from automated factory processes to intelligent, integrated digital systems that are transforming the way we work. - Instead, they are creating new jobs, and changing the nature of those that already exist: the World Economic Forum estimates that by 2020 more than a third of core skills required by occupations will have changed.. - In the US alone, between now and 2025 nearly three and half million manufacturing job vacancies will be created. - While 700,000 of these are estimated to be newly-created roles, 2.7 million will be created due to retirements.. - The World Economic Forum report suggests regular reviews of school curricula to make sure they meet the demands of the ever-changing workplace. - Likewise, the public needs to be informed about the nature of the modern workplace, and that the work available in manufacturing is not the undesirable blue-collar roles of old, but the highly skilled and rewarding new collar roles. - The currency of Vietnam's mechanical industry has not met the demand for industrialization of the 4.0 industry due to its lack of technological know-how, weak industrial behavior and limited flexibility. - The rapidly changing nature of the workplace also means lifelong learning matters more than ever before.. - Requirements for mechanical engineers in the industrial revolution 4.0 3.1.Transform HR to meet the needs of the fourth industrial revolution. - The Fourth Industrial Revolution– where true digital transformation propels the business-will require HR leadership to make it truly successful. - “capabilities.” Create a recruiting strategy focused on recognizing the ability to adapt and change more than on textbook knowledge.. - High turnover may actually turn out to be a valuable metric in this capabilities-driven workforce.. - Must-have skills for mechanical engineers. - In the wave of the 4.0 industrial revolution with the digital shift and the trend of connecting everything, the ASEAN community and developed countries all need high quality human resources that can use language externally, professional qualifications and occupational skills [14].. - Identifying the skills for mechanical engineers. - Find out about the skillset in the workforce and what the company lacks. - In Vietnam, they are problem-solving, team- working, decision-making, flexible-changing and adaptation to the production based on technology. - HR managers need to be aware of specific roles that businesses across the country are struggling to fill so they can train current employees now.. - Asking yourself “Are you digitally-focused? Look at the technology that is used in the workplace daily, printers, computers, and smartphones and ask employees if they know how to use these gadgets and tech items. - Perhaps it’s time to invest in trialing new technologies and pave way for how your organization may work in the future.. - Emerging technology breakthroughs are now occurring more than ever, the Fourth Industrial Revolution will bring with it technological advancements that allow robots to perform many tasks faster and more efficiently than humans currently do daily. - The only caveat for any individual aspiring to work in this area is to stay open eyed, open minded and alert to the changes in this field which are almost overwhelming owing to rapid technological progress. - On the whole the learning process will be as evolutionary as the changes in industry itself and mechanical engineers with strong fundamentals and applied knowledge of IoT, Clouds, Cyber Physical Systems, AI and Automation are open to a sea of opportunities in revolutionizing a field that has traditionally been theirs and is very likely to continue to do so.. - With the ubiquity of ‘smart’ products in our daily lives, it’s not surprising that the ways in which products are developed and delivered to the market are also increasingly interconnected and intelligent. - Systems thinking: In an environment wherein one can reduce manufacturing costs, quality issues, and cycle times using insights from various sub-systems across the value chain, the most valuable workers will be those who can instinctively make decisions, identify issues and generate ideas with an understanding of the entire ecosystem of new technologies, processes and data sources. - Collaboration and communication: With staff freed up from routine mechanical tasks, there will be more room for creative thinking and intensifying competition in product. - To reap the rewards of smart manufacturing, companies must more than ever facilitate peer interactions that fuel innovation. - Adaptability: With evolving technologies constantly impacting the way people work (or have to work), continuous training and a willingness to learn and change will be required of all workers. - Not surprisingly, getting staff to accept change seems to be the first and most important hurdle to overcome when rolling out smart manufacturing efforts.. - It is also necessary to mention here that the skill-set of a large number of those currently employed in the workforce are not adequate to deal with the changes that digitization will bring and re-skilling is the need of the hour. - Also, academia has not yet risen to the challenge, offering degrees and specializations in silos instead of creating a truly multidisciplinary educational course (Mechantronics Engineering, a sub field in mechanical engineering has gained popularity and although it broadly encompasses the fundamentals for designing intelligent devices and systems, it is not wholly adequate for grasping Industry 4.0 which lies at the intersection of computing, electronics, mechanics and business). - In that sense, no graduates of any particular discipline with limited core skills are well prepared for Industry 4.0 and thus mechanical engineers at no disadvantage compared to the others. - At this point, it is also important to have a look at what kind of skills can be provided in an engineering academic context and those that will be most useful with the advent of Industry 4.0. - Usually, the specific and teachable scientific and technical abilities, that can be defined and measured and, that are related to the specific education one has received, constituted the hard skills. - Digital skills comprise all skills related to digital world from the basic digital literacy skills to the digital skills for the general workforce, till the specific digital skills for the ICT professionals.. - The digital skills for the general workforce considers all of the basic skills plus the skills needed in a workplace and generally linked to the use of applications developed by IT specialists. - While the digital skills needed by the workforce are likely to differ across sectors, there will be some minimum requirements linked to processing information that will be applicable across all sectors. - The third category considers the digital skills for ICT professions which comprise all of the previous two categories, plus skills needed to work across the diverse ICT sector. - They also include digital skills linked to the development of new digital technologies, and new products and services [4].. - All of these in function of the consideration that, the main important asset of the Industry 4.0 framework is people. - In fact, the workforce represents a critical component of the digital business transformation. - In Industry 4.0, this way of learning seems to be challenged due to more specialized work and fewer employees doing the same type of work. - in the form of supervision, guidance and collaborative learning;. - Another debate is whether learning factories are focusing too much on efficiency, as in reducing production costs, rather than human needs and demands in the manufacturing systems [7].. - that modern learning is different from traditional learning in many ways as it is: continuous, on demand, takes place in short bursts and on the go and in the flow of work. - Transition of mechanical engineering production to innovative phase of development also directly depends on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of specialists, working in the industry. - More than two thirds of employers state about increased demand for personnel of new kind and profile. - The situation in the industry determines the innovative approaches to organization of personnel training for mechanical engineering enterprises objectively.. - It is also important to note an intensified skewness towards higher education and lack of qualified workforce, the gap between the structure of specialists training and labor market structure is increasing, and the prestige of blue-collar professions in the mechanical engineering sector is falling. - Market uncertainty, dynamism of social and cultural formation of the time, increased requirements to knowledge level in society now results in “ageing” of engineering and technical personnel of the national industrial complex. - Qualification and knowledge level of the working people lags behind the contemporary requirements of knowledge-intensive technologies [15].. - Today it is impossible to solve the problem without social partnership in the area of professional education, the key role in its development we give to employers who should fulfill the functions in the company.. - The approach can be summarized in the following points: Virtual classrooms, opening for unsynchronized social learning. - In view of changes in the fourth industrial revolution, mechanical engineers in Vietnam need to be well trained, highly and multi skilled. - Innovation is an extremely important issue for success in mechanical engineering. - The article emphasizes the role of informal learning for mechanical engineers and workers in the organization with modern workplace learning to get knowledge and skills. - 2.Barbara Motyl, Gabriele Baronio, Stefano Uberti, Domenico Speranza, Stefano Filippi (2017), How will change the future engineers' skills in the Industry 4.0 framework? A questionnaire survey. - European Commission: e-Skills for growth and jobs [Online] Available at:. - Hart, J., (2016), Rethinking workplace learning, Learning in the Modern Workplace.. - About the Problem of Professional Personnel Shortage in Mechanical Engineering Industry and Ways of Solving;. - The future of German mechanical engineering. - Aguayo (2017), The challenge of integrating Industry 4.0 in the degree of Mechanical Engineering;. - Industry 4.0: The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industries.. - Regina Javier (2015), The 4th Industrial Revolution: Must-Have Skills for Engineers, https://chemical-materials.elsevier.com/chemical-manufacturing-excellence/must-have-skills- for-engineers
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