D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

C LP - T DO - HNH PHC
----------- ----------

THUYT MINH
D N SN XUT PHN BN
L V PHN VI SINH

CH U T:
A CH:

Bn Tre- Thng 5 nm 2011

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

MC LC
CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N....................................3
I.1. Gii thiu ch u t..................................................................................3
I.2. M t............................................................................................................3
I.3. C s php l trin khai d n...................................................................3
I.3.1. Cc vn bn php quy v qun l u t.......................................................3
I.3.2. Cc tiu chun, quy chun v kinh doanh phn bn....................................6

CHNG II: NGHIN CU TH TRNG...................................................7

II.1. Tng quan nn kinh t Vit Nam..............................................................7
II.1.1. Tng quan nn kinh t v m Vit Nam........................................................7
II.1.2. Nhng thch thc ca kinh t Vit Nam nm 2011...................................10

II.2. Th trng phn bn th gii..................................................................12

II.2.1. Th trng URE............................................................................................12
II.2.2. Th trng Photphat.....................................................................................13
II.2.3. Th trng Potash.........................................................................................14
II.2.4. Th trng Sulphure.....................................................................................14

II.3. Th trng phn bn trong nc............................................................15

II.3.1. Nhu cu s dng phn bn..........................................................................15
II.3.2. Cung phn bn..............................................................................................15

II.4. Gi c........................................................................................................17
II.5. Chui gi tr ngnh phn bn.................................................................19
II.5.1. Cnh tranh....................................................................................................19
II.5.2. Mng li phn phi phn bn...................................................................20

CHNG III: S CN THIT PHI U T.............................................22

III.1. Mc tiu v nhim v u t.................................................................22
III.2. S cn thit phi u t.........................................................................22
CHNG IV: A IM XY DNG NH MY PHN BN HU C VI
SINH..................................................................................................................... 24
IV.1. M t a im xy dng........................................................................24
IV.2. iu kin t nhin...................................................................................24
IV.3. Hin trng s dng t...........................................................................24
IV.3.1. Nn t ti khu vc d n...........................................................................24
IV.3.2. Cng trnh kin trc khc...........................................................................25

IV.4. Hin trng h tng k thut...................................................................25

IV.4.1. ng giao thng.........................................................................................25
IV.4.2. H thng thot nc mt.............................................................................25
IV.4.3. H thng thot nc bn, v sinh mi trng...........................................25
IV.4.4. H thng cp in, chiu sng cng cng...................................................25

CHNG V : QUY TRNH HOT NG V QUI M NH MY...........26

V.1. Quy trnh phn hu c vi sinh.............................................................26
V.1.1. Nguyn vt liu..............................................................................................26

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V.1.2. Quy trnh................................................................................................26
V.2. Quy trnh sn xut phn hu c vi sinh:................................................26
V.3. Quy trnh hot ng ca dy chuyn sn xut:.....................................27
V.3. Quy trnh hot ng ca dy chuyn sn xut:.....................................28
V.3.1. Quy trnh hot ng ca my vo vin sn xut phn NPK dng ht.......28
V.3.2. Quy trnh sn xut phn NPK tit kim nng lng.................................28
V.3.3. Cng ngh bc ht m trong phn bn Mng keo HD............................29

V.4. Quy m nh my......................................................................................30

V.4.1. u t my mc thit b................................................................................30

CHNG VI: QUI M CNG SUT D N...............................................31

VI.1. Phm vi d n.........................................................................................31
VI.2. La chn cu hnh v cng sut............................................................31
VI.3. nh gi nh hng Kinh t - X hi...................................................37
CHNG VII : KT LUN V KIN NGH................................................39
VII.1 Kt lun..................................................................................................39
VII.2 Kin ngh................................................................................................39

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CHNG I: GII THIU CH U T V D N

I.1. Gii thiu ch u t

- Tn cng ty:
Giy chng nhn ng k doanh nghip s:
Ni cp:
Ngy cp:
Tr s cng ty:
i din php lut cng ty:
Chc v: Gim c
in Thoi:
; Fax :
I.2. M t
- Tn d n: Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh
- Hnh thc u t: u t xy dng mi
- Din tch thc hin d n:
I.3. C s php l trin khai d n
I.3.1. Cc vn bn php quy v qun l u t
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 ngy 17/6/2003 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/02/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic
Qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Ngh nh s 124/2008 N-CP ngy 11 thng 12 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph
v thu thu nhp doanh nghip;
- Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph Qui nh
chi tit thi hnh Lut Thu gi tr gia tng;
- Ngh nh 140/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 22 thng 11 nm 2006
quy nh vic bo v mi trng trong cc khu lp, thm nh, ph duyt
v t chc thc hin cc chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch, chng trnh v
d n pht trin;
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v
vic qui nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bo v
mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i
b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006
ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu
ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
- Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/05/2008 ca B xy dng hng
dn vic lp v qun l chi ph kho st xy dng;
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- Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BXD ngy 15/04/2009 ca B Xy dng hng

dn iu chnh d ton xy dng cng trnh;
- Thng t s 12/2008/TT-BXD ngy 07/05/2008 ca B Xy dng hng
dn vic lp v qun l chi ph kho st xy dng;
- Thng t s 33/2007/TT-BTC ngy 09/4/2007 ca B Ti chnh hng dn
quyt ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
- Cng vn s 1751/BXD-VP ngy 14/08/2007 V/v cng b nh mc chi ph
qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng cng trnh.
- Cng vn s 1777/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic
cng b nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn lp t h thng in
trong cng trnh, ng v ph tng ng, bo n ng ng, ph tng v thit
b khai thc nc ngm;
- Cng vn s 1779/BXD-VP ngy 16/08/2007 ca B Xy dng v vic
cng b nh mc d ton xy dng cng trnh - Phn Kho st xy dng;
- Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/9/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng hng dn v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc
ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;
- Ngh nh s 12/2009/N-CP ngy 12/2/2009 ca Chnh ph v vic Qun
l d n u t v xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngh nh s 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2004 ca Chnh ph v vic
Qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng v Ngh nh s 49/2008/N-CP
ngy 18/04/2008 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i b sung mt s iu ca
Ngh nh 2009/2004/N-CP;
- nh mc chi ph qun l d n v t vn u t xy dng km theo Quyt
nh s 957/Q-BXD ngy 29/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
- Ngh nh s 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/06/2009 ca Chnh ph v qun l
chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh;
Lut t ai s 13/2003/QH11 ngy 26/11/2003 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut u t s 59/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Doanh nghip s 60/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc
CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Nh 56/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi nc CHXHCN
Vit Nam;
Lut Thu thu nhp doanh nghip s 14/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca
Quc Hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut Bo v mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 ngy 29/11/2005 ca Quc Hi
nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
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-

B lut Dn s s 33/2005/QH11 ngy 14/6/2005 ca Quc Hi nc

CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Lut thu Gi tr gia tng s 13/2008/QH12 ngy 03/6/2008 ca Quc Hi
nc CHXHCN Vit Nam;
Ngh nh s 113/2003/N-CP v vic qun l sn xut, kinh doanh phn
bn do Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 07/10/2003;
Quyt nh s 12/1998/Q-TTg v iu hnh xut khu go v nhp khu
phn bn nm 1998 do Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 23/01/1998;
Ngh nh s 191/2007/N-CP ngy 31/12/2007 ca Chnh Ph v vic sa
i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 113/2003/N-CP ngy 07 thng 10
nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v vic qun l sn xut, kinh doanh phn bn;
Quyt nh s 100/2003/Q-BNN v vic ban hnh Quy nh v qun l
phn bn do B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ban hnh ngy
08/9/2003;
Ngh nh s 57/1997/N-CP ca chnh ph quy nh v vic x pht vi
phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc o lng v cht lng hng ha;
Thng t s 40/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2010 v vic ban
hnh Danh mc b sung phn bn c php sn xut,kinh doanh v s dng
Vit Nam;
Thng t s 36/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 24/6/2010 v vic Quy nh sn
xut, kinh doanh v s dng phn bn;
Cng vn s 415/TT-PCTTr ngy 14 thng 05 nm 2007 v vic kim tra
cht lng phn bn;
Cng vn s 1612/TM-T ngy 26/04/2002 ca B Thng mi v vic
thu sut thu nhp khu phn bn ban hnh ngy 26/04/2002;
Danh mc b sung phn bn c php sn xut, kinh doanh v s dng
Vit Nam ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 84/2007/Q-BNN ngy 04/10/2007
ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn.
Ngh nh s 124/2008 N-CP ngy 11 thng 12 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph
v thu thu nhp doanh nghip;
Ngh nh s 123/2008/N-CP ngy 08/12/2008 ca Chnh ph Qui nh
chi tit thi hnh Lut Thu gi tr gia tng;
Thng t s 33/2007/TT-BTC ngy 09/4/2007 ca B Ti chnh hng dn
quyt ton d n hon thnh thuc ngun vn nh nc;
Cc vn bn khc ca Nh nc lin quan n lp Tng mc u t, tng
d ton.
I.3.2. Cc tiu chun, quy chun v kinh doanh phn bn
D n u t xy dng nh my phn bn phn hu c vi sinh ti Tnh Bn
Tre c thc hin trn c s nhng tiu chun, quy chun chnh nh sau:
TCVN 7185:2002 : Phn hu c vi sinh;
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-

TCVN 7159:2002 : Phn bn v cht ci to t. Phn loi;

TCVN 7288:2003 : Phn bn. Ghi nhn. Cch trnh by v cng b;
TCVN 7304-1:2003 : Ch phm sinh hc. Phn 1: Vi sinh vt x l hm
cu v sinh. Ch phm dng bt;
TCVN 7304-2:2003 : Ch phm sinh hc. Phn 2: Vi sinh vt x l hm
cu v sinh. Ch phm dng lng;
TCVN 188-1996
: Tiu chun nc thi th;
TCXD 25-1991
: Tiu chun t ng dy dn in trong nh v
cng trnh cng cng;

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CHNG II: NGHIN CU TH TRNG

II.1. Tng quan nn kinh t Vit Nam
II.1.1. Tng quan nn kinh t v m Vit Nam
Nm 2010, mc d tnh hnh kinh t th gii v trong nc c nhng din
bin phc tp, kinh t Vit Nam t c nhng kt qu tch cc trn nhiu lnh
vc. Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng im sng th hin thnh tu t c nn kinh t
vn cn bc l nhiu hn ch v thch thc. Vic nh gi, nhn nhn li kinh t
Vit Nam nm 2010 rt ra nhng bi hc, ch r nhng thch thc v gii php
cho nm 2011 c ngha quan trng i vi cc nh hoch nh chnh sch Vit
Nam. C th tip cn v nh gi mt nn kinh t t nhiu phng din. Trong bi
vit ny, bc tranh kinh t Vit Nam c nhn nhn t gc v m da trn din
bin tnh hnh kinh t trong nm v cc ch s kinh t v m c bn.
Tng trng kinh t
Nm 2010, kinh t ca Vit Nam tip tc c s phc hi nhanh chng sau
tc ng ca khng hong kinh t ton cu. Tc tng GDP theo cc qu trong
nm 2010 lin tc ci thin. Tc tng GDP qu I t 5,83%, qu II l 6,4%, qu
III tng ln 7,14% v d on qu IV s t 7,41%. Uc tnh GDP c nm 2010 c
th tng 6,7%, cao hn nhim v k hoch (6,5%). Trong bi cnh kinh t th gii
vn phc hi chm chp v trong nc gp phi nhiu kh khn, kinh t Vit Nam
t c tc tng trng tng i cao nh trn l mt thnh cng. Vi kt qu
ny tc tng trng GDP c giai on 2006-2010 t bnh qun 7%/nm v thu
nhp quc dn bnh qun u ngi nm 2010 c t 1.160 USD.
Cc ch s tng trng cho cc ngnh cng th hin mt xu hng phc
hi r rt. Cng nghip tip tc l u tu ca tng trng kinh t Vit Nam. Gi
tr sn xut cng nghip 9 thng u nm tng 13,8% so vi cng k nm 2009 v
nm 2010 c tng 14% so vi nm 2009. So vi khu vc cng nghip th khu
vc dch v cng c s phc hi sau khng hong kinh t th gii nhng mc
thp hn. Tc tng trng trong 9 thng u nm l 7,24% v trin vng tc
tng trng khu vc dch v c nm 2010 c th t 7,5%. i vi lnh vc nng
nghip, nm 2010 gp nhiu kh khn: u nm hn hn nghim trng, gia nm
nng nng gay gt, cui nm ma l ln ko di min Trung v Ty Nguyn.
Nhng kh khn ny gy thit hi nng n cho sn xut v ma, nui trng
thu sn v chn nui. Tuy nhin, do thc hin nhiu chnh sch v gii php h
tr h nng dn v cc doanh nghip v vn, vt t, tiu th kp thi, gi tr sn
xut nng, lm nghip v thu sn 9 thng u nm tng 2,89% so vi cng k
nm 2009, v c c nm 2010 tng khong 2,8%.
u t pht trin
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Kinh t phc hi l mt nguyn nhn quan trng trong vic thc y u t
pht trin. Ngun vn u t ton x hi nm 2010 t c nhng kt qu tch
cc. c tnh tng u t ton x hi nm 2010 t 800 nghn t ng, tng
12,9% so vi nm 2009 v bng 41% GDP. Trong , ngun vn u t ca t
nhn v ca dn c dn u bng 31,2% vn u t ton x hi, ngun vn u t
nh nc (gm u t t ngn sch nh nc, ngun tri phiu Chnh ph, ngun
tn dng u t theo k hoch nh nc v ngun u t ca cc doanh nghip nh
nc) bng 22,5%, tng 4,7% so vi nm 2009. Nhng kt qu ny cho thy cc
ngun lc trong nc c huy ng tch cc hn. V vn u t trc tip nc
ngoi (FDI), tnh n ht thng 11, c nc thu ht c 833 d n mi vi tng
s vn ng k t 13,3 t USD, bng 60% so vi cng k nm 2009, trong
vn thc hin c t 10 t USD, tng 9,9%. Mc d vn FDI ng k c thp
hn nhiu so vi nm 2009 nhng t l vn thc hin trn vn ng k li cao hn
nhiu. y c th c coi l im sng trong thu ht FDI nm 2010. iu ny
cng cho thy s cam kt lu di cc nh u t nc ngoi th trng Vit
Nam.
Tc tng vn u t cao v nhanh mt mt th hin quan h tch ly - tiu
dng c s chuyn dch theo chiu hng tch cc, nhng mt khc li cho thy
nhng hn ch trong hiu qu u t. Nu nh nm 1997, chng ta t c tc
tng trng 8,2% vi vn u t ch chim 28,7% GDP th cng vi tc tng
trng xp x nh vy nm 2007 (8,5%) chng ta phi u t ti 43,1% GDP. n
nm 2010, trong khi tng mc u t ton x hi ln ti 41% GDP, th tc tng
trng li ch t 6,7%. Ch s ICOR tng ti mc qu cao, trn 8 so vi 6,6
ca nm 2008. H s ICOR ca doanh nghip v c bit l doanh nghip t nhn
ch c 3-4, trong khi ICOR ca khu vc kinh t nh nc v t u t ca nh
nc ti 9-101 . Bn cnh cn xy ra tnh trng chm tr trong gii ngn ngun
vn u t t ngn sch nh nc v ngun vn tri phiu Chnh ph, lng ph,
tht thot vn u t tt c cc khu ca qu trnh qun l d n u t.
Lm pht v gi c
Nm 2010 lm pht c nhng din bin phc tp. T u nm n cui
thng 8 ch s gi tiu dng din bin theo chiu hng n nh mc tng i
thp, tr hai thng u nm CPI mc cao do nh hng bi nhng thng Tt.
Tuy nhin, lm pht thc s tr thnh mi lo ngi t thng 9 khi CPI tng bt
u xu hng tng cao. n ht thng 11, ch s gi tiu dng tng ti 9,58%
v mc tiu kim ch lm pht c nm di 8% s khng thc hin c.
T gi
Trong nhiu nm tr li y, Ngn hng nh nc (NHNN) kin tr chnh
sch n nh ng tin Vit Nam so vi ng la M. Din bin t gi trong nm
2010 l kh phc tp. Mc d NHNN iu chnh nng t gi lin ngn hng hai
ln vo thng 2 v thng 10, khong cch gia t gi chnh thc v t gi trn th
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trng t do lun mc cao. T gi chnh thc c thi im thp hn t gi trn
th trng t do ti 10%. n cui thng 11 nm 2010, t gi trn th trng t do
t mc 21.500 ng/USD.
Cng v cui nm t gi cng bin ng v mt gi mnh, th trng ngoi
hi lun c biu hin cng thng. Nhng bt n v t gi c nguyn nhn su xa t
nhng bt n v kinh t v m l bi chi cao, nhp siu ln v hiu qu u t
cng thp lm cho cu ngoi t lun ln hn cung ngoi t. Bn cnh hin
tng u c v tm l cng gy p lc mnh m ln t gi. Nhng bt n trn th
trng ngoi hi v t gi hi oi tip tc gy ra nhng kh khn cho hot
ng xut nhp khu. Hn na, ng tin mt gi cn nh hng n lm pht
trong nc do gi hng nhp khu tng mnh. Trong bi cnh lm pht c xu
hng gia tng v tnh khng n nh trn th trng tin t, i hi cn phi c s
la chn linh hot c ch iu hnh t gi t c mc tiu kim ch lm pht
v n nh th trng tin t.
Thu chi ngn sch
Nm 2010, tnh hnh kinh t trong nc chuyn bin tch cc to iu
kin tng thu ngn sch nh nc. Thu ngn sch nh nc nm 2010 c t
520.100 t ng, vt 12,7% so vi d ton, tng 17,6% so vi nm 2009, v t
t l ng vin vo ngn sch nh nc l 26,7%. Mc d t trng thu ni a c
tng nhng chim t trng khng ln (khong 60%). Vic chp hnh k lut ngn
sch khng nghim, tht thu, gian ln, n ng thu, k c thu ni a v thu
xut nhp khu cn ln. S n thu ch x l (chim hn 20% tng s n thu)
tng kh nhiu. y l d a quan trng tng thu ngn sch v gi k cng
lut php v ngn sch nh nc. Tng chi cn i ngn sch nh nc c t
637.200 t ng, tng 9,4% so vi d ton v tng 9% so vi thc hin nm 2009.
Bi chi ngn sch nm 2010 c khong 117.100 t ng, bng khong 5,95%
GDP, gim so vi nm 2009 (6,9%) v cng gim so vi k hoch ra (6,2%).
l nhng kt qu rt ng khch l trong bi cnh nn kinh t va tri qua cn
suy gim. Tuy nhin, bi chi ngn sch vn cn cao (cha v mc di 5% nh
duy tr trong nhiu nm) v l mt trong nhng nhn t gp phn lm gia tng lm
pht. iu ny cng cnh bo an ton ca ngn sch trong cc nm tip theo
nu nh khng ch ng c cc bin php ci cch to nn tng tng ngun thu
cng nh tng cng k lut ti chnh cho ngn sch.
Xut nhp khu v cn cn thng mi
Nm 2010, xut nhp khu khu ca Vit Nam c nhp tng trng
ng khch l trong bi cnh kinh t ca nhng nc vn l th trng xut khu
ln ca Vit Nam nh M, Nht Bn, EU vn phc hi chm chp. Tng kim
ngch xut khu nm 2010 c t khong 70,8 t USD, tng 24,9% so vi nm
2009. Xut khu tng l do s ng gp ln ca nhng mt hng cng nghip ch
bin cng vi s phc hi ca kinh t th gii lm cho xut khu hng nng, lm,
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thy sn c li v gi. Vn tn ti ln nht ca xut khu bc l trong
nhiu nm qua l vic vn ph thuc nhiu vo cc mt hng khong sn, nng,
lm, thu, hi sn, dt may, da giy... Hn na, cc mt hng cng nghip ch bin
vn mang tnh cht gia cng. Nh vy, xut khu ch yu vn da vo khai thc
li th so snh sn c m cha xy dng c cc ngnh cng nghip c mi lin
kt cht ch vi nhau hnh thnh chui gi tr gia tng xut khu ln.
Tng kim ngch nhp khu nm 2010 c t 82,6 t USD, tng 19,8% so
vi nm 2009. Nguyn nhn chnh ca s gia tng nhp khu l do kinh t c s
phc hi lm gia tng nhp khu nguyn ph liu phc v sn xut (chim khong
80% c cu nhp khu). Mc d c kim ngch xut khu v kim ngch nhp khu
u tng, nhng do tc tng kim ngch xut khu cao hn tc tng kim
ngch nhp khu, nn nhp siu nm 2010 gim xung ch cn khong 11,8 t
USD, chim 16,6% tng kim ngch xut khu. Nh vy, so vi nhng nm gn
y cn cn thng mi c s ci thin ng k, th hin quyt tm ca chnh
ph trong vic kim ch nhp khu nhng mt hng khng cn thit. Song mc
nhp siu vn cn cao cho thy vic pht trin cc ngnh cng nghip ph tr v
chuyn dch c cu hng xut khu vn cn chm.
Cn cn thanh ton
Nu nh nm 2009, cn cn thanh ton tng th thm ht 8,8 t USD, th
nm 2010 c s ci thin ng k. Phn thm ht cn cn ti khon vng lai
nm 2010 trn thc t c th c b p hon ton bi thng d trong cn cn ti
khon vn. Tuy nhin, d bo cn cn thanh ton nm 2010 vn thm ht khong
trn 2 t USD trong cn cn ti khon vn gy ra. Thc t, tnh trng cng thng
trn th trng ngoi hi v vic gi vng lin tc leo thang khin doanh nghip v
ngi dn gm gi la v vng. Nh vy, vic b tr li danh mc u t ca
doanh nghip v ngi dn sang cc loi ti sn bng ngoi t v vng s tip tc
gy ra vn li v sai st v thm ht trong cn cn thanh ton trong nm
2010. Bn cnh , mc d cn cn thanh ton c ci thin trong nm 2010,
lng d tr ngoi hi vn khng tng mt mt do Ngn hng nh nc can thip
vo th trng gi n nh t gi, mt khc c mt lng ngoi t ln ang lu
thng ngoi h thng ngn hng.
II.1.2. Nhng thch thc ca kinh t Vit Nam nm 2011
Trin vng kinh t Vit Nam nm 2011 ph thuc vo ba yu t chnh: tnh
hnh kinh t th gii, sc mnh ni ti v n nh kinh t v m trong nc v s
iu hnh ca Chnh ph. Tuy nhin bn cnh nhng thi c, thun li th cng t
ra nhiu thch thc cho c ba yu t trn.
Trong ngn hn, nm 2011 s tip tc chng kin s phc hi nhng nn
kinh t trn th gii. Hot ng u t v thng mi quc t s c hi phc
nhanh hn sau khi c s phc hi chm trong nm 2010. Hn na, Vit Nam vn
c nh gi l mt trong nhng th trng u t hp dn v nhiu doanh
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nghip u t nc ngoi c k hoch m rng hot ng kinh doanh trong nhng
nm ti. Nhng iu ny to ra nhng nh hng tch cc trc tip ln nn kinh t
Vit Nam c th duy tr tng trng kh quan hn trong nm 2011. Tuy nhin,
xut khu ca Vit Nam s chu thch thc ln hn, nht l trong bi cnh hu
khng hong nhng ro cn thng mi mi ngy cng nhiu vi cc hnh vi bo
h thng mi tinh vi ti cc th trng ln s dnh cho cc mt hng xut khu,
nht l cc mt hng ch lc ca Vit Nam nh khong sn, nng, lm, hi sn.
i vi trong nc, nhng bt n v m v nhng yu km trong ni ti nn
kinh t s tr thnh thch thc ln cho pht trin kinh t nm 2011. Trc ht,
nhng nhn t tim n lm pht vn tip tc trong nm 2011. l gi c th
trng th gii s tng khi kinh t th gii tip tc phc hi, chnh sch iu chnh
tng lng vo thng 5/2011 s to ra tm l v l do th trng tng gi hng
ha tiu dng, t gi bin ng, u t cng cha hiu qu v bi chi ngn sch
tip tc gy sc p ln lm pht... Th hai, mc d tnh trng nhp siu c ci
thin nhng cha to c nn tng vng chc. Tnh trng ny chc chn khng
d gii quyt trong ngn hn khi c cu kinh t km hiu qu, cng nghip ph tr
yu km v nguyn ph liu, my mc, thit b, ph tng cn ph thuc kh nng
n vo nc ngoi. Th ba, bi chi ngn sch cng l p lc cn gii quyt. Vi
mc bi chi cao v nu ngun vn b p ngn sch ch yu t th trng vn
trong nc, mt bng li sut s chu p lc ca nhu cu vn, m u tin l li
sut tin gi ngn hng... Bi chi vn l thch thc khi cha c nhng bin php
nghim khc v c th gii quyt thng qua vic nng cao hiu qu u t t
ngn sch nh nc v tit kim chi thng xuyn. Trong bi cnh thm ht, c
cu chi, hiu qu chi v kh nng kim sot chi th hin du hiu thiu bn vng
ca ngn sch bi cc khon chi tiu ca chnh ph khng to nn ngun thu trong
tng lai v gy sc p cho bi chi mi. Th t, ng ni t s tip tc b p lc
gim gi trong thi gian ti v lm pht ca Vit Nam lun mc cao hn so vi
khu vc v th gii v NHNN khng th dng d tr ngoi hi t i can thip
mnh theo nhu cu v cn ngoi t gii quyt cc nhu cu thit yu khc. Th
nm, nhng nt tht ca tng trng kinh t nh c s h tng, trnh ngun
nhn lc v ci cch hnh chnh vn cha c s chuyn bin r rt. iu ny
khng ch nh hng trc tip n lng tin ca cc nh u t trong v ngoi nc
m cn cn tr ln n tng trng kinh t theo hng hiu qu v bn vng trong
nm 2011.
V iu hnh kinh t v m, hin nay chng ta da trn 3 cng c chnh
tc ng n nn kinh t, l chnh sch ti kho, chnh sch tin t v chnh
sch cn cn thanh ton. Tuy nhin, s phi hp gia cc chnh sch cn lng
tng v thiu linh hot. Nhiu chnh sch mng nng tnh hnh chnh v thiu kt
hp vi cc gii php da trn nguyn tc th trng. Hn na, cc c quan qun
l nh nc cn a ra cc gii php mang tnh tnh th, git cc, thiu s minh
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bch v nht qun lm gim lng tin ca nhn dn v cng ng doanh nghip.
Nng lc d bo km cng vi d kin cc bin php ng ph vi din bin kinh
t thp km cng l nhng hn ch qun l v m nn kinh t.
II.2. Th trng phn bn th gii
Do nh hng ca gi xng du th gii, gi phn bn th gii trong thi
gian gn y lun tng cao.
II.2.1. Th trng URE
- Ur ht trong:
Yuzhny: 318 321 /tn fob
Baltic: 305 315 /tn fob
Trung Quc: 380 390 /tn fob
Brazil: 345 348 /tn cfr
- Ur ht c:
Iran: 315 320 /tn fob
Ai Cp: 335 335 /tn fob
Indonesia: 360 365 /tn fob
Vnh M: 353 369 /tn cfr.
Vic cng b cc h s d thu cho Ure ca n vo nm 2011 nh
hng n th trng phn bn. Doanh s bn hng din ra ti Yuzhny trong
khong 320 /tn fob cho thng t. Mc gi ny cng l mc sn ti Bin en.
Gi ti Bin en d on s sm n nh hn. Ai Cp thc hin doanh s bn
hng u tin trong ba tun, vi mc 335 /tn fob, gim 90 /tn fob gim
21% trong tm tun. ng thi, gi ti M tip tc gim, do thi tit khng thun
li v thiu hng Ure. Ure ht c giao dch mc di 325 330 /tn fob ti
Nola. mc ny, gi th trng ti Ai Cp l khong 325 /tn fob v 320 /tn
fob n vng vnh Rp. Hu ht cc nh u t hy vng h s d thu ca n
s t ti th trng Iran v Trung ng. S c khong 400.000 tn Ure ca
Iran giao hng trong thng 4, vi mc cung cp trong khong 345 355 /tn cfr.
Ngi mua hng cc nc khc ang theo di cc h s d thu ti n
v c th s bc vo th trng ny nu c mt kt qu thun li. Ti thi
im ny, th thi ch yu vn l ch xem cc doanh s bn hng ln mt mc
tch cc hn. Hng bn ti Brazil tng ng vi mc 310 /tn fob ti Baltic.
+ Ti FSU, ng u:
Yuzhny: Hin nay, gi Ure ht trong xung di 320 /tn fob, t
318 /tn fob. Cc thng nhn ch ra mc gi 310 315 /tn fob cho ti
hng thng 4. S ng thun vi Ure ti Yuzhny s phi cnh tranh vi gi ti n
. NF ang c k hoch cung cp 40.000 tn Ure cho th trng trong nc. Gi
cho 3.300 tn tng ng vi 355 /tn fob.
Khu vc Baltic: Cc nh sn xut ti Nga ang gi mc gi thp 300
/tn fob. S suy yu ca gi ti Yuzhny xung di 320 /tn fob cng lm cho
gi ti cc cng gim nhanh chng. Bn hng t Ventspils din ra mc 312
/tn fob.

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Nhu cu Ure ht trong ti Chu u c ni lng v cc nh cung
cp ti Baltic c nhiu c hi hn trn th trng M Latinh. Bn hng mi nht
Brazil v Trung M phn nh trong khong 310 /tn fob.
+ Chu u:
Php: Gi Ure ht c gim mnh hn na, vi cung cp trong tun
mc 278 282 /tn ti cc cng a Trung Hi v 278 285 /tn ti cc cng
i Ty Dng khc. Ngi mua ang quan tm n nhng tin tc t n v
Ai Cp, ch n pht cui cng t hng v c mc gi chun. Cc doanh
nghip ti Ai Cp bn vi mc 335 /tn tng ng vi mt mc gi chi
ph 270 275 /tn ti cc cng i Ty Dng, chi ph vn chuyn hng l 37
38 /tn.
+Chu :
Trung Quc: Gi trn tng ng vi khong 320 /tn fob. Gi quc t
c d on l s tng khi hu ht Ure Trung Quc s c vn chuyn.
Thi Lan: Gi Ure ht c gim xung 370 /tn cfr, s suy yu ca gi
Ure ti Trung ng y mc gi cfr xung n 375 /tn theo cc hp ng
ti ch. D on nhp khu s.
M: Gi sn cho Ure ht c ti Nola l 330 /tn fob. Tuy nhin, mt s
ngi bn c vi mc 340 345 /tn fob.
II.2.2. Th trng Photphat
Gi DAP ti mt s th trng:
Vnh M: 615 618 /tn fob
Baltic: 600 610 /tn fob
Trung Quc: 610 620 /tn fob
Brazil: 665 670 /tn cfr
n d kin s tng gi trong tun ti. Mc d gi tng ti Nam M
trong tun ny, c bit l MAP, c du hiu gim. Khch hng ti chu u t
chi cung cp cc l hng mi ti mc 635 640 /tn fob.
Gi DAP ti n vn gi mc 600 /tn cfr, Gi trung gian lun
chuyn hng ho trong khong 600 610 /tn cfr.
Ti M: Phoschem duy tr gi DAP vi mc 620 /tn fob nhng khng
c doanh s bn hng no ti mc gi ny. Cc nh sn xut khc ang bn vi
mc 615 /tn fob t hn cho thng t.
Brazil: Hin c mt mc gi tng 10 /tn fob cho MAP ln n 665
/tn cfr, ngi bn ang hng ti mc 670 /tn cfr cho doanh s bn hng
mi.
Trung Quc: Cc thng nhn ang ch xem kt qu v gi xut nhp khu
ti n . Trong khi cc th trng khc phi tr chi ph bo him cho n ,
Trung Quc cn khi lng vo n . Cc gi chi ph cho n c t
ti mc 30 /tn, s thc hin mc 570 580 /tn fob, ng thi vi mc
523 /tn fob gi chun tng ng cho gi DAP xut khu theo thu xut 7%,
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ngha l gi tng trn mc chun s l khng c li, v thu khng tng theo t l
tng ng.
II.2.3. Th trng Potash
Gi MOP ti mt s th trng
Vancouver: 300 380 /tn fob
ng u: 295 /tn fob
n : 370 /tn fob
Brazil: 440 480 /tn cfr.
Th trng MOP tng i yn tnh trong hu ht cc th trng, c bit l
chu , ni m nhiu ngi ang ch n Hi ngh chu FMB trong tun ti
ti Bc Kinh, gi cho MOP chun l 460 /tn fob, cho MOP ht l 475 480
/tn fob.Vic tng gi bt u i qua chu u. Chng c tng t 18 20
/tn. BPC tuyn b bn c 100.000 tn vi mc tng 20 /tn vo khong
335 /tn cho MOP ht v 355 /tn cho MOP chun, K + S kali cng c nhng
khch hng u tin chp nhn mc gi mi. Nng dn v cc i l c th s nhn
thy vic tng thm gi Bc M vo tun ti.
Gi MOP ti cc cng Trung Quc c giao dch mc 440 455 /tn
fob.
ICL bn c 20.000 tn MOP ht v MOP chun n Vit Nam mc
460 /tn cfr v 475 /tn cfr, cc loi MOP ht thc s bn c mc 480
/tn cfr.
Brazil: Ngi mua chp nhn tng 50 /tn cho l hng thng 5. Gi
MOP ht cho ngi mua ln ln n 530 /tn cfr v 550 /tn cfr cho ngi
mua nh.
II.2.4. Th trng Sulphure
Vancouver: 200 205 /tn fob
Iran: 188 205 /tn fob
Vnh M: 175 180 /tn fob
n : 223 239 /tn fob
Th trng lu hunh i vo b tc, thng nhn v cc nh cung cp
ang ch i kt qu ca cc cuc m phn hp ng cho cc doanh nghip. Sau
bo co v doanh s bn hng ca Canada v Trung Quc trong thi gian qua tng
cao nh tng ln 220 240 /tn cfr, ti thi im ny c nhng bo co mi v
vic bn hng c thc hin ti Brazil vi mc 245 250 /tn cfr.
Ti Trung ng sn xut lu hunh ang nm gi v tr quan trng v nhiu
hng thit lp gi trn 200 /tn fob. Gi hp ng cho Qu 2 ti Bc Phi,
Jordan, Isreal v lebanon trn 200 /tn fob.
Ti Trung Quc, gi khng c tr nhiu hn 215 220 /tn cfr, mc d
cc bo co v doanh s bn hng cao hn Canada. S thiu ht v gi DAP c
tho thun ti n , v cc loi thu xut khu cao hn gi phn bn cng gy ra
mi quan tm vi cc nh sn xut ti Trung Quc.
Ti Trung Quc: Cc nh cung cp v cc thng nhn ca Trung ng
i n quyt nh gi cui cng 215 218 /tn cfr. Cc nh cung cp ti Canada
thc hin bn hng ti 220 230 /tn cfr.
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D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

n : 25.000 tn hng c bn sang Trung Quc vi mc 210 /tn
fob.
II.3. Th trng phn bn trong nc
II.3.1. Nhu cu s dng phn bn
Cc tnh khu vc pha Bc Vit Nam ang bc vo v ng Xun nn nhu
cu phn bn phc v gieo cy kh mnh. Theo cc i l kinh doanh phn bn,
hin ang l thi gian gieo cy nn nhu cu phn tp trung vo cc loi Supe Ln
v NPK.
Theo nhn nh ca Hip hi Phn bn Vit Nam, v ng Xun ny c nc cn
700-800 nghn tn phn cc loi trong khi cc nh my trong nc p ng
khong 50% nhu cu. D kin, v ng xun 2011 c nc cn phi nhp khu
150.000-200.000 tn ur, 100.000 tn DAP, 150.000 tn kali, 150.000 tn SA..
II.3.2. Cung phn bn
Tnh hnh sn xut trong nc
Vit Nam l mt nc nng nghip, nhng cng nghip sn xut phn bn
trong nc hin nay ch mi p ng khong 35% nhu cu v phn m (tnh c
sn lng sn xut ca Nh my m Ph M); 40% lng phn ln; cn phn kali th ang phi nhp hon ton. iu ny dn ti th trng phn bn trong nc
ph thuc rt ln th trng phn bn th gii. V vy s bin ng v gi c phn
bn th gii s tc ng trc tip n gi c phn bn Vit Nam.
Tnh hnh nhp khu phn bn
Theo s liu thng k ca Tng cc Hi quan Vit Nam, thng 1/2010 c
nc nhp khu 505.949 tn phn bn cc loi, tr gi 145.905.755 USD, chim
2,4% tng kim ngch nhp khu ca c nc, tng 182,7% v lng v 147,69%
v tr gi so vi cng k nm ngoi.
+ Nhp khu phn bn theo chng loi: Trong , phn Ure nhp v nhiu
nht vi 207.374 tn, tr gi 65.715.398 USD, chim 40,98% tng lng phn bn
nhp ca c nc, tng 180,14% v lng v 147,69% v tr gi so vi cng k
nm ngoi. K n l phn SA vi lng nhp 152,9 nghn tn, tr gi 20,45 triu
USD tng gp hn 5 ln v lng v hn 6 ln v tr gi so vi cng k nm 2009.
Ngoi ra, Vit Nam cn nhp khu phn DAP, vi lng nhp trong thng
l 58,14 nghn tn, tr gi 23,88 triu USD, gim 2,27% v lng v 0,49% v tr
gi so vi thng 1/2009; phn NPK trong thng nhp 27.581 tn, tr gi 9.628.265
USD tng 104,30% v lng v tng 80,97% v tr gi; phn Kali nhp 41.775
tn, tr gi 18.817.393 USD tng hn 4 ln v lng hn 2 ln v tr gi so vi
thng 1/2009.
+ Nhp khu phn bn theo th trng: Thng 1/2010, Vit Nam nhp khu
phn bn t 13 nc trn th gii, trong Trung Quc l th trng nhp khu
chnh ca Vit Nam vi lng nhp l 162.229 tn, tr gi 51 triu USD, tng
109,51% v lng v 75,5% v tr gi so vi thng 1/2009.
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c bit, th trng Hn Quc, tuy ng sau th trng Trung Quc v
lng v kim ngch nhp khu nhng so vi thng 1/2009 th lng phn bn
nhp khu t th trng ny tng mnh (tng hn 8 ln hay bng 894,72%) so vi
thng 1/2009.
Thng 1/2010, Vit nam nhp khu phn bn t th trng n l 1.704
tn, tr gi hn 1 triu USD, gim 27,30% v lng nhng tng 30,32% v tr gi
sovi thng 1/2009.
Th trng nhp khu phn bn trong thng 1/2010

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D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

II.4. Gi c
Th trng phn bn trong nc na cui thng 3 c nhiu din bin tri
chiu. Th trng tiu th mc thp, gi mt s mt hng tng nh tuy nhin mt
s mt hng gim gi kh su nh Urea. Gi phn bn ti mt s khu vc c th
nh sau:
Ti Lo Cai: Th trng cha thc s si ng thi gian ny, gi cc loi phn
bn nhn chung c tng tuy nhin mc thp. Tng s lng cc mt hng phn
bn nhp khu trn a bn tnh Lo Cai trong 16 ngy cui thng 3/2011 l
29.911 tn. Lng hng tiu th khng c nhiu t bin. Lng hng tn trn a
bn Lo Cai c th nh sau :
Phn bn SA mn cn khong 11.300 tn
Phn bn UREA ting Anh v ting Trung bao trng hoc vng cn khong
250 tn
Phn bn DAP (18-46) cn khong 2.400 tn
Phn MAP cn khong 200 tn
Gi c mt s loi phn bn c th nh sau :
Phn Dimo-Amonium Photphate (DAP) : 3.600 CNY/tn
Phn Mono-Amonium photpate (MAP) : 3.400 CNY/tn
Phn UREA : 2.200 CNY/tn
Phn SA Trung Quc : 1.100 CNY/tn
Phn Amoni Clorua (NH4Cl) : 1050 CNY/tn
Thi gian ti gi cc loi phn bn ti khu vc Lo Cai nhiu kh nng s tip tc
tng tuy nhin lng hng tiu th trn th trng c th vn mc n nh.
Ti Thi Bnh : Do thi tit xu, rt m rt hi ko di khin la xun pht trin
km, nhiu tr la cy khng bn r nn, l vng khng nhnh. S NN & PTNT
tnh khuyn co b con khng nn bn NPK c hm lng m cao v Urea, Kaly.
Gi Urea ti Thi Bnh gim kh nhiu t 100-200.000/tn. Cc loi phn bn
khc gi mc n nh v tng nh. Gi mt s loi phn bn c th nh sau :
Urea Trung Quc
: 7.700 /Kg
Ph M
: 8.400 /Kg
Urea H Bc (bao vng)
: 8.500 /Kg
Kaly
: 10.500 /Kg
NPK 5-10-3 Lm Thao
: 3.800 /Kg
Supe Ln Apromaco Lo Cai : 2.700 /Kg
Ln Lm Thao
: 2.800 /Kg
Thi gian ti do lng hng tn trn a bn tnh cn kh nhiu nn gi cc loi
phn bn nhiu kh nng s mc n nh.
Ti Hi Phng : Mc d chun b n giai on bn thc cho la ca v ng
Xun min Bc nhng nhu cu vn cn rt hn ch v hin nay gi c th
trng trong nc vn c xu hng tip tc yu i do gi hng qua ng bin
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gii vi Trung Quc vn gim gi. D kin trong thi gian ti nhu cu c tng ln
cht t nhng gi phn bn vn c xu hng gim.
Lng hng tn kho khu vc Hi Phng:
Urea
: 6.000 tn
Kali
: 5.500 tn
Gi tham kho ca mt s mt hng:
- Phn Urea:
+ Trung Quc
: 7.800 7.850/kg
+ Trung ng
: 7.950 8.000/kg
+ CIS
: 7.950 8.000/kg
+ Ph M
: 8.600 8.650/kg
- Phn Kali
+ CIS
: 10.450 10.500/kg
+ Israel
: 10.350 10.400/kg
Ti Nng: Gi cc loi phn bn hin vn ang mc kh n nh. Th trng
tiu th cha c du hiu t bin. Gi mt s loi phn bn c th nh sau :
- NPK Phi
: 10200;
- Kaly Nga
: 10500;
- Urea Ph m
: 8700 ;
- Urea TQ ting Anh bao zin
: 8600;
- SA Nht
: 5100 .
Ti Quy Nhn: Th trng phn bn na cui thng 3/2011 din bin kh chm,
nguyn nhn ch yu l do khu vc Ty nguyn cha bc vo thi im chm
bn t hai, vng ng bng cha ti v la v cy lng thc ngn ngy. Lng
hng tn kho trn a bn Quy Nhn n ngy 2/4/2011.
Loi hng
S lng (tn)
S.A
53.500
Kaly
15.300
Urea
28.800
NPK
18.000
D.A.P
3.000
Gi cc loi phn bn hin ang mc n nh c th nh sau :
Phn Urea:
+ Indo
: 8.400 8.500/kg
+ Ph M
: 8.600 8.700/kg
Phn Kaly:
+ Kaly CIS
: 10.600 10.700/kg
Phn SA:
+ Nht
: 4.800 4.900/kg
+ Korea
: 4.700 4.800/kg
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D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

+ Nga
: 4.650 4.700/kg
Phn NPK
+ NPK Phi
: 9.600 9.800/kg.
- DAP Hn Quc
: 10.000 - 11.000 /kg
Ti TPHCM : Tip tc nh hai tun u thng th trng hai tun va qua vn
cha c chuyn bin tch cc. Cng vi s trm lng ca tt c cc mt hng phn
bn ha hc l s gim gi hng lin tc din ra gy tm l ch i cho cc i l.
Mc d thi v cn k nhng cha thy cc i l mua vo do lo ngi gi cn
gim.
C th gi c cc mt hng phn bn ti thnh ph H Ch Minh nh sau:
- Kali C.I.S bt
: 10.650 /kg
- Kali C.I.S mnh
: 11.450 /kg
Kali Canada v isarel cng c gi tng ng
- UREA Indo zin
: 8.700 /kg
- UREA TQ
: 8.550 8.600 /kg
- UREA TQ ht c
: 9.050 9.100 /kg
- D.A.P TQ nu
: 14.250 14.300 /kg
- D.A.P Korea
: 16.100 /kg
- D.A.P Phi
: 15.000 /kg
- S.A C.I.S
: 5.000 /kg
- S.A phi
: 5.400 /kg
- S.A Nht
: 4.950 /kg
Thi gian va qua gi phn bn trong nc khng c tt. Nguyn nhn
ch yu l do lng hng tn trong nc vn p ng c nhu cu phn bn hin
ti. Gi phn bn Quc t nhng ngy qua lin tip c nhng bin ng mnh. Gi
Urea trn th trng lin tc i xung khin nhiu ngi mua lo ngi gi s tip
tc gim. Tuy nhin gi DAP v SA vn vng. Ring gi Kaly chc chn s tng
do ngun cung ngy cng hn ch v c thng bo tng gi chnh thc nh cung
cp bt u t 01/4/2011. Do chun b bc vo u v h thu ng bng sng
Cu Long nn th trng phn bn trong nc thi gian na u thng 4 ha hn
s c nhng bin ng v gi v lng hng tiu th.
II.5. Chui gi tr ngnh phn bn
II.5.1. Cnh tranh
Cng ty c phn phn bn Min Nam
Cng ty C phn phn bn Min Nam tin thn l mt doanh nghip nh
nc thuc B Cng Thng - Tp on Ha Cht Vit Nam c thnh lp theo
quyt nh s 426/HC-Q ngy 19/4/1976 ca Tng Cc Ha Cht Vit Nam.
Cng ty C phn Phn bn Min Nam chnh thc chuyn i hnh thc qun l
sn xut kinh doanh sau 34 nm thnh lp sang hot ng m hnh c phn ha
chnh thc t ngy 01/10/2010. Hin nay, cng ty sn xut hn 600.000 tn phn
-

19
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D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

bn cc loi t doanh thu hn 2.000 t ng vi hn 1.100 cn b cng nhn
vin, cng ty c 9 n v trc thuc v mt lin doanh vi tp on LG Chem,
Hn Quc.
Cng ty c phn phn bn Bnh in
Cng ty C phn phn bn Bnh in l mt doanh nghip nh nc, nh
sn xut chim th phn hng u Vit Nam v phn hn hp NPK. c bit khu
vc Min Nam, va lng thc chnh ca c nc, Cng ty lun ng u v sn
lng sn xut cng nh doanh s phn NPK. Nm 2010, vi doanh s trn 3700
t ng, Bnh in c xp hng 168 trong Top 500 doanh nghi p ln nht
nc. Cng ty cng c bnh chn l 1 trong 129 thng hi u mnh Vi t Nam
v l doanh nghi p tiu biu 3 nc ng Dng: Vi t Nam, Lo, Campuchia.
Cng ty CP Phn Bn & Ho Cht Cn Th
L mt trong nhng Cng ty hng u ti Vit Nam trong lnh vc sn xut
v kinh doanh Phn bn (nhn hiu C bay), ho cht (bt git Pano), thc n
chn nui thy sn ti th trng trong nc v khu vc Asean.
Tc tng trng SXKD bnh qun 5 nm gn y t 26 %. Kim ngch
xut khu Phn bn C bay, bt git Pano sang Campuchia t 1 triu USD nm
1998; n nm 2010 th trng xut khu n cc quc gia: Philippines, Indonesia,
Myanmar, Thailand v Malaysia t 15,5 triu USD.
II.5.2. Mng li phn phi phn bn
Vng ng bng sng Cu Long
ng bng sng Cu Long l mt b phn ca chu th sng M Kng c
din tch 39 734km. Theo kt qu iu tra dn s ngy 01/04/2009, dn s vng
ng bng sng Cu Long l 17.178.871 ngi. Vng t ny c hnh thnh t
nhng trm tch ph sa v bi dn qua nhng k nguyn thay i mc nc bin;
qua tng giai on ko theo s hnh thnh nhng ging ct dc theo b bin.
Nhng hot ng hn hp ca sng v bin hnh thnh nhng vt t ph sa
ph nhiu dc theo ven sng ln dc theo mt s ging ct ven bin v t phn
trn trm tch m mn trng thp nh vng ng Thp Mi, t gic Long
Xuyn H Tin, ty nam sng Hu v bn o C Mau. Chnh iu kin t nhin
thun li lm cho vng ng bng Nam b ny tr thnh ni pht trin nng
nghip ln nht nc, c bit l la. La trng nhiu nht cc tnh An Giang ,
Kin Giang , Long An , ng Thp , Sc Trng , Tin Giang. Din tch v sn
lng thu hoch chim hn 50% so vi c nc. Bnh qun lng thc u ngi
gp 3 ln so vi lng thc trung bnh c nc. Nh vy nn ng bng sng Cu
Long l ni xut khu go ch lc ca c t nc. Ngoi ra vng ny cn trng
ma, rau u, xoi, da, su ring, cam, bi ...
Do , nhu cu s dng phn bn ti y rt ln v nh hng x Min
Ty ny s l th trng tiu th mnh phn bn hu c vi sinh ln nht c nc.
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ng bng sng Hng:
ng bng sng Hng l mt vng t rng ln nm quanh khu vc h lu
sng Hng thuc min Bc Vit Nam. Ton vng c din tch: 15.000 km, chim
4,5% din tch ca c nc vi dn s l 19.577.944 ngi (thi im 1/4/2009),
chim 22,82% dn s c nc. Din tch t nng nghip khong 760.000 ha,
trong 70% l t ph sa mu m, c gi tr ln v sn xut nng nghip. t
nng nghip chim 51,2% DT vng. Sn lng la tng t 42,1 t/ha ( 1995 ) ln
58,9 t /ha ( 2008 ). Khng ch c sn lng la tng m cn c mt s lng thc
khc nh ng, khoai ty, c chua, cy n qu ... cng tng v mt sn lng v c
cht lng. em li hiu qu cho ngnh kinh t ca vng. V ng tr thnh v
sn xut chnh.
Vi li th v t nhin v nn nng nghip pht trin lu i, vng t chu
th sng Hng ny l mt trong nhng ni tiu th phn bn ln ca c nc.
Ty nguyn:
Ty nguyn l khu vc cao nguyn rng 54.639 km 2. Vi c im th nhng
t bazan cao khong 500 m n 600 m so vi mt bin, Ty Nguyn rt
ph hp vi nhng cy cng nghip nh c ph, ca cao, h tiu, du tm. Cy iu
v cy cao su cng ang c pht trin ti y. C ph l cy cng nghip quan
trng s mt Ty Nguyn. Ty Nguyn cng l vng trng cao su ln th hai sau
ng Nam B. Ngoi ra, vng t ny l ni thch hp cho nhng loi cy rau qu
x lnh. V vy, Ty Nguyn ang v s l th trng tiu th phn bn ln ca t
nc.
ng Nam B
L mt trong hai phn ca Nam B Vit Nam, ng Nam B c 14.025.387
ngi, chim 16,34% dn s Vit Nam, l vng c tc tng dn s cao nht
nc, do thu ht nhiu dn nhp c t cc vng khc n sinh sng. ng Nam
B l vng c kinh t pht trin nht Vit Nam, dn s ng v dn u c nc v
kim ngch xut khu, u t nc ngoi, GDP, cng nh nhiu yu t x hi khc.
Bn cnh , vng t ny cng l ni pht trin nhiu loi cy trng lu nm nn
nhu cu s dng phn bn rt ln v l th trng tiu th, trao i, cung ng phn
bn ln ca c nc.

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CHNG III: S CN THIT PHI U T

III.1. Mc tiu v nhim v u t
Phn bn hu c sinh hc pht trin t nm 2008. Tuy nhin, phn bn hu
c sinh hc ny cha c nhn dn Vit Nam ch trng lm v cha bao gi l
th mnh ca nng nghip hng ha ti Vit Nam v trong 20 nm qua nng dn ta
quen dng phn bn ha hc.
Thi gian dng phn ha hc qu lu dn n tnh trng t ai ht cht
hu c t nhin sn c m thay vo l nhng loi phn ha hc v cng c hi
m thm tn cng tng ngy vo c th ngi dn chng ta. Thy trc c
mi nguy hi cho con ngi v t trng trong tng lai, cng ty chng ti
nghin cu tm ra cc gii php, trong s chng ti c bit nghin cu v cc
loi phn hu c khong c li. Loi phn bn ny bo v sc khe con ngi
ng thi thn thin tuyt i vi mi trng v cng ng.
T cc cuc nghin cu v thc nghim trong sut gn 3 nm (t 2008 n
nay) chng ti chn lc t cc loi phn hu c sinh hc trong v ngoi nc
cui cng chn c mt loi phn hu c c ngun gc t t nhin c
nghin cu v a vo s dng coi l mt gii php hon ton v hi cho con
ngi v lm cho t thm mu m v giu dinh dng.
Bn cnh , cng ty chng ti cn nhp khu phn bn l t nc ngoi.
Phn bn l gc humate ngy cng c s dng rng ri cho nhiu loi cy trng,
c bit l cy la. Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu chng loi phn bn l gc
humate c ngun gc khc nhau. S dng phn bn l gp phn lm th hin r
c tnh ca ging v ng thi thc y cy la sinh trng, pht trin mnh
hn. Phn bn l u cho nng sut cao, trong nghim thc K - humate t
nng sut cao nht l 5,35 tn/ha, k n l nghim thc Vina super humate t
5,18 tn/ha.
Nm bt c nhng u im v th mnh trn nht l li ch cng ng to
ln, cng ty chng ti tin hnh xy dng nh my sn xut phn bn hu c vi
sinh ng thi nhp khu thm phn bn l t nc ngoi.
III.2. S cn thit phi u t
Theo phn tch nh gi tnh hnh th trng xut nhp khu phn bn trong
nc nm 2010 ta thy c tnh hnh nhp khu phn bn nhng thng u nm
2010 gim nh, v tnh hnh nhp khu nhng thng cui nm tng mnh, gi phn
bn trn th trng th gii tng cao v theo d on th gi phn bn s tip tc
tng vo nm 2011. Cn nhu cu s dng trong nc, ngnh nng nghip trong
nc ang pht trin, nhu cu s dng s tng cao, nhng ngun cung phn bn
trong nc th cha p ng nhu cu m ch yu phi nhp khu t cc nc
khc vi gi cao. Nn d n xy dng nh my sn xut phn bn hu c vi sinh
v m rng nhp khu phn bn l ti thi im ny l bt kp c nhu cu th
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trng va gp phn cung ng s dng trong nc gim kim ngch nhp khu va
gp phn y mnh kim ngch xut khu.
Vit Nam chng ta l mt t nc c nn nng nghip kh tin tin. Trong
nhng nm gn y chng ta c mt s sn phm sch c th trng th gii
cng nhn nh l Go, Thanh Long,tuy vn cn hm lng ha hc lu dn
trong . V vy nu ta thay ton b phn ha hc thnh phn hu c a vo cc
sn phm ny th th trng nng sn s pht trin bn vng hn.
Hin ti cng ty chng ti cn mt ngun vn vay u i t pha cc qu
Ngn hng cng ty chng ti tin hnh xy dng nh my tip k hoch kinh
doanh chin lc v mi mt t nhn s, kho bi, phng tin giao nhn hng,
my mc ng gi bao b, trang thit b vn phng cng nh i ng lm cng tc
trnh din v Marketing,nn cng ty chng ti cn ngun vn thc hin. Do
, hm nay knh xin qu Ngn hng cho php cng ty chng ti c php gi
bc thng ip ny n ton th ban lnh o Ngn hng quan tm, nghin cu,
thm nh v ph duyt cho cng ty chng ti c tip cn ngun vn vay t pha
Ngn hng. V theo thng tin chng ti c bit Bn Tre l tnh nng nghip nn
vic chng ti xin vay vn phc v cho nng nghip th rt c cc cp ngnh
trong c qu Ngn hng c bit quan tm.

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CHNG IV: A IM XY DNG NH MY PHN

BN HU C VI SINH
IV.1. M t a im xy dng
Bn Tre c din tch l 2.315 km. im cc Nam ca tnh nm trn v 9 o48'
Bc, im cc Bc nm trn v 10o20' Bc, im cc ng nm trn kinh
106o48' ng, im cc Ty nm trn kinh 105 o57' ng. Dn s ca tnh l
1.354.589 ngi (iu tra dn s ngy 01/04/2009) vi dn tc chim a s l
ngi Kinh.
Bn Tre cng c din tch trng la kh ln. t Bn Tre do ph sa sng Cu
Long bi p, c bit l Hm Long. Cy lng thc chnh l la, hoa mu ph
cng chim phn quan trng l khoai lang, bp, v cc loi rau.
Loi cy cng nghip mang li nhiu li ch cho tnh l da, thuc l, ma, ca cao.
Ma c trng nhiu ti cc vng t ph sa ven sng rch; ni ting nht l c
cc loi ma ti M Cy v Ging Trm. Din tch trng thuc l tp trung M
Cy, ni c loi thuc thm cng ni ting.
Bn Tre c nhiu loi cy n tri nh cam, qut, su ring, chui, chm chm,
mng ct, mng cu, xoi ct, bn bon, khm, v sa, bi da xanh.
IV.2. iu kin t nhin
Nhit trung bnh hng nm t 26C n 27 C. Lng ma trung bnh hng
nm t 1.250 mm n 1.500 mm. Kh hu y l nhit i gi ma: ma ma t
thng 5 n thng 10, cc thng cn li l ma kh.
Bn Tre l tnh c a hnh bng phng, ri rc c nhng cn ct (tiu biu x An
Thun-huyn Thnh Ph c mt cn ct mc d cch bin n khong 15-20km)
xen k vi rung vn, khng c rng cy ln, bn b sng nc bao bc vi
nhiu sng rch. Bn nhnh sng Tin Giang l sng M Tho, sng Ba Lai, sng
Hm Lung v sng C Chin chia t Bn Tre ln lt thnh c lao An Ha (gm
mt phn huyn Chu Thnh, huyn Bnh i), c Lao Bo (gm mt phn huyn
Chu Thnh, thnh ph Bn Tre, cc huyn Ging Trm, Ba Tri) v c lao Minh
(gm cc huyn Ch Lch, M Cy Bc, M Cy Nam, Thnh Ph). Hai sng
Hm Lung v Ba Lai chy xuyn sut tnh ri ra hai ca bin cng tn. Sng M
Tho chia ranh gii pha bc vi tnh Tin Giang ri ra ca i. Sng C Chin
lm ranh gii vi tnh Vnh Long v Tr Vinh ri chy ra hai ca C Chin v
Cung Hu. Cc sng rch khc l sng Bn Tre, rch Bng Cng, kinh Thm, kinh
Tn Hng, kinh Tin Thy, rch Cu My, rch Vng Lung...
B bin Bn Tre di khong 60km. Ngoi khi c cc o nh nh Cn Li, Cn
H...
IV.3. Hin trng s dng t
IV.3.1. Nn t ti khu vc d n
Hin trng l khu t trng c san lp ng quy chun. Khu t xy dng
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nh my sn xut phn hu c vi sinh ti tnh Bn Tre c din tch 300m.
IV.3.2. Cng trnh kin trc khc
Trong khu t ch u t xy dng nh my, v cc cng trnh phc v tin ch cho
hot ng sn xut ca nh my, khun vin khu t khng c cc cng trnh
cng cng khc.
IV.4. Hin trng h tng k thut
IV.4.1. ng giao thng
Huyn va nm trn tia pht trin ca a bn kinh t trng im pha Nam, va l
ca ng kinh t ca cc tnh ng bng Sng Cu Long, c trc giao thng chnh
thy b chy qua trung tm l Quc l 1A.
IV.4.2. H thng thot nc mt
H thng thot nc cha c xy dng, hin ti t chy ra pha sau khu t.
IV.4.3. H thng thot nc bn, v sinh mi trng
Khu vc ny cha c h thng thot nc bn, ton b nc thi c thot t
nhin. D n xy dng h thng thot nc bn c lp vi h thng thot nc
ma. H thng cng s dng c ng knh D200-D300 thu gom nc thi vo h
thng x l ca nh my. Rc thi c thu gom v chuyn v tp trung ti bi rc
chung ca thnh ph.
IV.4.4. H thng cp in, chiu sng cng cng
Hin trng ti khu vc c tuyn trung th t li in quc gia, qua trm
110/22 KV, d kin s xy dng thm tuyn trung th theo ng quc l v
ngun in s dng cho khu vc s c ly t tuyn ny.

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CHNG V : QUY TRNH HOT NG V QUI M

NH MY
V.1. Quy trnh phn hu c vi sinh
V.1.1. Nguyn vt liu
- Ch phm vi sinh
- Phn super ln (khng s dng phn ln nung chy)
- Dung dch ura t l 1% (1kg ura ha tan trong 100 lt nc)
- Phn chung hoai mc 1 bao
- Phn chung
- Bt lt tri + bt y ph
V.1.2. Quy trnh
a. Trn u phn ln super, phn chung hoai mc, ch phm vi sinh li vi nhau
b. Trn u mn da, phn chung, ph ph phm nng nghip v hn hp nm
kt hp ti dung dch phn ura t m 50-55%
c. Khi ng cao t 1-1,5m tin hnh dng bt nylon y kn li. Sau 5-7 ngy
kim tra li m, nu thy kh th ti nc b sung t m 50-55%
d. 25-30 ngy sau tin hnh o trn ng phn , nu thy kh cn b sung nc
ti
e. 45-60 ngy sau kim tra nu thy phn hoai hon ton th em s dng. Sn
phm phn hu c c th trn vi phn NPK, phn ura, phn ln, phn kali hoc
tro cc loi trc khi bn cho cy trng.
Ch : Khng s dng vi (CaO) x l trong qu trnh . Qu trnh v
trn phn c thc hin trn bt tri lt.
V.2. Quy trnh sn xut phn hu c vi sinh:
Cc ph thi hu c c ct ngn 5-8cm, lm m ri a vo cc h c
b sung 5kg ur, 5kg ln sup echo 1 tn nguyn liu, 750ml sinh khi vi sinh vt
sau 10 ngy nui cy c ha vo 30lt nc v trn u vi khi nguyn liu,
sau khi nhit khi n nh mc 30C ngi ta b sung vi sinh vt c ch
vo khi . l vi sinh vt c nh nito (Azobacteria), vi khun nm hoc nm
si phn gii phosphate kh tan (Bacillus polymixa) ngoi ra c th b sung 1%
qung phosphate vo khi cng vi sinh khi vi sinh vt m bo oxi ha cho
vi sinh vt hot ng v qu trnh ch bin c nhanh chng nn o trn khi
trn 20 ngy 1 ln. Thi gian ch bin ko di t 1 n 4 thng ty thnh phn ca
loi nguyn liu.

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D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

S QUY TRNH SN XUT PHN HU C VI SINH

Ph phm nng
nghip

Ch phm sinh
hc VSV a chng
BIOVAC

Phi trn kh

Than bn
Cht xc tc
sinh hc
BICAT
Dch thi hm
BIOGAS

Gi nhit di
500C

Phi trn
o trn
k kh

Nhp kho

Phi trn vi
NPK

Phn hu c vi
sinh

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I.1. V.3. Quy trnh hot ng ca dy chuyn sn xut:
V.3.1. Quy trnh hot ng ca my vo vin sn xut phn NPK dng ht
- Np liu: np nguyn liu cn vo vin vo my.
- Bm hay tnh tng i: trongqu trnh chuyn ng, ch c nhng phn t nm
st thng, c kch thc b mi thc hin c chuyn ng. Ti pha ny
khng xy raqu trnh hnh thnh vin. on cui ca pha tin hnh phun nc
lm t b mt cc phn t nguyn liu. Pha ny c thc hin gc phn t th
ba v th t ca thng nu chiu quay ca thng theo chiu kim ng h (nu
quay ngc li th thc hin gc phn t th hai v th nht). Pha ny ch kt
thc khi kch thc ht ln.
- Ln trt hay qu trnh to vin: dob mt cc phn t nguyn liu t, khi ln
s lm dnh vo cc phn t nguyn liu c kch thc nh, lm cho kch thc
ht vt liu tng ln. Cng nh chuyn ng ln m vin c dng hnh cu. Pha
ny c thc hin gc phn t th nht v th hai ca thng nu chiu
quayca thng theo chiu kim ng h (nu quay ngc li th thc hin gc
phn t th t v th ba). Pha ch kt thc khi kch thc ht ln.
- Tro dng hay tho liu ra khi thng vo vin: khi kch thc ht ln v
s lng th khi lng ht trong thng s tro ra khi ming thng.
My vo vin 2 tng l nh b tr thm cho thu sn phm, nn cc ht c kch
thc t yu cu s khng nm li cho vo ch khi lng ri mi tro
ra ngoi nh my vo vin mt tng, m s tro sang ngay cho thu sn phm
nh khi lng ca nguyn liu (gm c nguyn liu mi np vo, cc ht phn
t c kch thc nh v kch thc t yu cu) trong cho vo ln. Qu trnh
hnh thnh vin lin tc trong cho vo, nn cng c lin tc ccphn t t kch
thc yu cu.
V.3.2. Quy trnh sn xut phn NPK tit kim nng lng
- Gm 4 bc: chuyn ha, phn ng, trung ha, to ht.
- Trong cng on chuyn ha, KCl phn ng vi H2SO4 to thnh KHSO4.
Thnh phn clorua c loi b dng kh HCl. Trong cng on phn ng, axit
H3PO4 nng thp (20% P2O5) c a trc tip vo khi bn n t thit b
chuyn ha; phn ng ca H3PO4 vi cht bn ni trn t ra mt loi bn c c
axit cao; n c trung ha n pH 6 - 7 cng on trung ha tip theo vi
NH3 trong thit b phn ng dng ng. Bn c trung ha l mt hn hp cha
K2SO4 (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)HPO4, NH4H2PO4, Sau khi to ht bng phng
php phun s thu c phn NPK (15 - 15 - 15) vi hm lng lu hunh trn
12%.
- Cc thnh phn khng b tch ri: quy trnh thng thng, kali sulfat v amoni
photphat u c iu ch ring r dng rn ri mi c trn c hc vi nhau
khi v vin phn NPK, do cc thnh phn trong sn phm c khuynh hng
tch ri nhau trong cc qu trnh vn chuyn v thao tc. Sn phm NPK theo
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cng ngh ca Red Sun l mt hn hp cc ha cht c tnh cht vt l ng nht
n cp phn t, v vy cc thnh phn ca hn hp khng th b tch ri.
- Nhit chuyn ha thp: KCl c chuyn ha thnh KHSO4 nhit thp
(di 100oC), do tiu hao nng lng gim nhiu.
Khng cn s dng axit photphoric c: ch s dng axit H3PO4 c hm lng
P2O5 l 20%, thp hn nhiu so vi hm lng 45% P2O5 cc loi axit H3PO4
trong sn xut DAP. Do s hnh thnh cht rn trong qu trnh phn ng v s bay
hi v nhit trung ha nn hm lng cht rn trong bn s tng dn. Cui cng,
bn c c hm lng m l 25 - 35% c phun trc tip to ht m khng
cn c c tip, v vy mc tiu hao nng lng cho 1 tn sn phm gim khong
30 kWh.
- Tt c cc phn ng u din ra pha lng: cc qu trnh chuyn ha, phn ng
v trung ha u din ra pha lng nn cc hn hp trung gian u c th c
vn chuyn bng ng ng n cng on tip theo, nh vic thao tc n
gin hn nhiu.
V.3.3. Cng ngh bc ht m trong phn bn Mng keo HD
- ht m ca ht phn t khi ngoi khng kh.
- Khi cho vo nc tan dn dn, cy trng d dng hp th ton b s lng phn
bn.
- t dy mu, thuc nhum, tnh bn mu cao.
- Khi bn phn cho cy trng th cht HD cng tr thnh phn bn do thnh phn
ca HD cng l mt hp cht hu c.
- Gi c phn m N chm bay hi nng cao cht lng sn phm (N thng
bay hi nhit 460 mt hn 500, kim loi nng Kali v Sunphat khng
bay hi).
- Khi sn xut, lu tr, vn chuyn v s dng ht phn khng b nt vn.
- Gi thnh r, hp l.
Bn cnh nguyn liu ch to ra mng HD sn c d lm, ht phn cng,
to ht trn p u so vi phng php to ht bnh thng. Khi cho mng keo
HD vo mu nhum ta ch cn cho vo b nc khi to ht v vy khng lm thay
i hay nh hng ti quy trnh sn xut phn N.P.K theo phng php sn xut
bnh thng. Quy trnh hot ng nh sau:
- Cho to ht (1) c b nc phun dng to ht (nc ny c pha mng keo
HD v mu nhum phn N.P.K theo mun).
- Qua bng ti h thng (2) sy nhit va phi bay hi nc.
- Qua h thng ng sy n sn git la ht (3) l sn la chn ht sau khi sy.
- Sy sn phm ht phn N.P.K (4) ng gi lu tr, vn chuyn v s dng.
ng dng:
Mng keo HD ng dng trn tt c quy trnh sn xut phn bn. Nhng pht huy
tt nht l trn dy truyn to ht bng hi nc. Trong quy trnh sn xut phn
29
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

bn hu c, vi sinh (khng nhum mu) to ht cng, khng ht m, khng bn
cc.
V.4. Quy m nh my
V.4.1. u t my mc thit b
Sn xut phn bn NPK:

01 h thng my to ht bng hi nc (dng phn bn

ba trong mt/mt mu) sn lng 30.000 tn/nm

01 h thng my trn phn bn (dng phn bn trn ba

mu) sn lng 30.000 tn/nm.

Vin ph gia trn chung vi phn NPK: nh my t

sn xut , sn lng : 30.000 tn/nm.
Sn xut phn bn hu c vi sinh :

01 h thng my trn phn hu c vi sinh dng bt,

cng sut 120 tn/ngy, sn lng 30.000 tn/nm

H thng my vo vin hu c vi sinh dng vin, cng

sut 120 tn/ngy , sn lng 30.000 tn/nm

30
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

CHNG VI: QUI M CNG SUT D N

VI.1. Phm vi d n
u t xy dng nh my sn xut phn hu c vi sinh nm ti tnh Bn Tre
c din tch 300m2, ti p 6A, x An Khnh, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Bn Tre
VI.2. La chn cu hnh v cng sut
1. Tng u t:
Do m hnh hot ng nn ban u ch u t i thu mt bng, sa cha v
trang tr li mt bng sao cho ph hp vi c cu ca lnh vc hot ng v chi ph
ny c tnh: 165.000.000 ng (Mt trm su mi lm triu ng)
thc hin vic ng gi cng nh mt s cng on khc trong vic sn
xut th ch u t cn mua 5 my vi gi tr c tnh 88.000.000 ng (Tm
mi tm triu ng). Mt s chi ph khc v d phng ph c tnh khong
108.790.000 ng (Mt trm l tm triu by trm chn mi ngn ng)
Bng tng u t :
STT

Hng mc

Chi ph sa cha v trang tr mt

bng

II.

Gi tr thit b

III

Chi ph khc

IV

Gi tr
trc thu
150,000,00
0

Thu VAT
15,000,00
0

80,000,000

8,000,000

23,000,000

2,300,000

75,900,000

7,590,000

D phng ph
Tng cng ngun vn u t

Gi tr sau
thu
165,000,00
0
88,000,00
0
25,300,00
0
83,490,00
0
361,790,00
0

2. Doanh thu:
Doanh thu ca d n bao gm doanh thu t phn bn l v phn vi sinh.
Phn bn l th nhp t nc ngoi v ri phn chia ra theo khi lng ri bn
ra th trng vi n gi 50.000 ng/1 kg, c tnh mi ngy doanh nghip bn
ra 100 kg. Do vy doanh thu t phn bn l trong 6 nm nh sau :

Nm 2011 : 618.750.000 ng

Nm 2012 : 1.650.000.000 ng

Nm 2013 : 1.851.300.000 ng

Nm 2014 : 2.077.158.600 ng

Nm 2015 : 2.330.571.949 ng

Nm 2016 : 2.614.901.727 ng
31
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

Doanh thu ny tng vo cc nm tip theo ca d n.
Phn vi sinh th qua qu trnh cc cht sau em ng gi v bn cho ngi
tiu dng. c tnh trung bnh mi ngy bn c khong 1 tn phn vi sinh, vi
n gi 4.000 ng/kg. Tuy nhin do sn phm cn mi so vi ngi tiu dng
nn c tnh trong nm 2011 ch bn c vi cng sut 75%, v nm 2012 l
90%, n nm 2013 th ngi tiu dng quen v a chung sn phm phn ny
ri th s hot ng vi cng sut 100%. Doanh thu ny tng vo cc nm tip
theo ca d n cng vi n gi bn ra v sn lng bn ra hng ngy.

Nm 2011 : 495.000.000 ng

Nm 2012 : 1.188.000.000 ng

Nm 2013 : 1.406.988.000 ng

Nm 2014 : 1.661.726.880 ng

Nm 2015 : 1.864.457.559 ng

Nm 2016 : 2.091.921.382 ng
3. Chi ph hot ng :
- Chi ph in nc : Chim 1,5% doanh thu hng nm.
- Chi ph tip th, qung co, nghin cu th trng, thit lp h thng phn
phi sn phm, dch v sau bn hng ... chim 8% doanh thu hng nm.
- Chi ph lng hng nm 598.000.000 triu ng trong nm 2012 v chi ph
ny tng cng vi mc tng lng ca nhn vin l 3%.
- Chi ph bo him x hi chim 28% chi ph lng tng ng vi
167.440.000 ng trong nm 2012.
- Chi ph nguyn liu u vo cho phn bn :
+ Phn bn l c nhp t nc ngoi v ri ng gi theo yu cu v bn
ra th trng. Do theo c tnh chi ph nguyn liu u vo cho phn ny
chim 45% doanh thu bn ra. Chi ph trong 6 nm u nh sau :

Nm 2011 : 278.437.500 ng

Nm 2012 : 825.000.000 ng

Nm 2013 : 925.650.000 ng

Nm 2014 : 1.038.579.300 ng

Nm 2015 : 1.165.285.975 ng

Nm 2016 : 1.307.450.864 ng
+ Phn vi sinh : Qua qu trnh trn ln v cc cht ch u t c tnh chi
ph vt liu u vo chim 30% doanh thu. Chi ph u vo trong 6 nm
nh sau :

Nm 2011 : 148.500.000 ng

Nm 2012 : 356.400.000 ng

Nm 2013 : 422.096.400 ng

Nm 2014 : 498.518.064 ng
32
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

Nm 2015 : 559.337.268 ng
Nm 2016 : 627.576.414 ng
Chi ph thu mt bng : Ch u t thu mt bng vi chi ph 6.000.000
ng/ thng. Chi ph ny 5 nm tng 5%. c tnh trong 5 nm u chi ph
nh sau : 72.000.000 ng/ nm
Chi ph khc chim 10% cc chi ph.
Bng tnh chi ph :

STT

Nm vn hnh

Ni dung
Nm 1

4
5
6

Chi ph in, nc,in thoi,

bng 1,5% DT
Chi ph tip th, qung co,
nghin cu th trng, thit
lp h thng phn phi sn
phm, dch v sau bn hng ...
(8%DT)

Nm 2

Nm 3

Nm 4

16,706,25
0

42,570,000

48,874,320

56,083,28
2

89,100,00
0

227,040,000

260,663,040

299,110,838

299,000,00
598,000,000
615,940,000
0
- Lng Gim c, Ph Gim
13,000,00
13,000,000
13,390,000
c
0
- Lng nhn vin qun l, k
9,000,00
9,000,000
9,270,000
ton
0
24,000,00
- Lng nhn vin
24,000,000
24,720,000
0
83,720,00
Chi ph bo him x hi, y t
167,440,000
172,463,200
0
Chi ph nguyn liu u vo
278,437,50
825,000,000
925,650,000
cho phn bn l
0
Chi ph u vo cho phn vi
148,500,00
356,400,000
422,096,400
sinh
0
36,000,00
Chi ph thu mt bng
72,000,000
72,000,000
0
76,696,37
Chi ph khc
186,005,000
202,359,056
5
Tng cng
1,028,160,125 2,474,455,000 2,720,046,016
Chi ph tr lng

634,418,200
13,791,700
9,548,100
25,461,600
177,637,096
1,038,579,30
0
498,518,064
72,000,000
220,582,872
2,996,929,652

33
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

Ni dung
1

Chi ph in, nc,in thoi,

bng 1,5% DT

Chi ph tip th, qung co,

nghin cu th trng, thit lp
h thng phn phi sn phm,
dch v sau bn hng ... (8%DT)

Nm 5

Nm 6

Nm 7

Nm 8

62,925,443

70,602,347

79,215,833

88,880,165

335,602,361

376,545,849

422,484,442

474,027,544

Chi ph tr lng
- Lng Gim c, Ph Gim
c
- Lng nhn vin qun l, k
ton
- Lng nhn vin

653,450,746

673,054,268

693,245,896

714,043,273

14,205,451

14,631,615

15,070,563

15,522,680

9,834,543

10,129,579

10,433,467

10,746,471

26,225,448

27,012,211

27,822,578

28,657,255

Chi ph bo him x hi, y t

182,966,209

188,455,195

194,108,851

199,932,117

Chi ph nguyn liu u vo cho

phn bn l

Chi ph u vo cho phn vi sinh

Chi ph thu mt bng

6

Chi ph khc
Tng cng

1,165,285,975 1,307,450,864 1,466,959,869 1,645,928,973

559,337,268

627,576,414

704,140,737

790,045,907

72,000,000

72,000,000

75,600,000

75,600,000

240,023,073

261,610,852

285,601,489

312,281,207

3,271,591,074 3,577,295,789 3,921,357,118 4,300,739,186

4. Bo co thu nhp :
Vi doanh thu t vic bn phn bn l v phn vi sinh v nhng khon chi ph v
nguyn vt liu u vo, lng nhn vin, in thoi, in nc v cc khon chi
ph khc...th li nhun sau thu hng nm ca d n nh sau :

Nm 2011 : 64.192.000 ng

Nm 2012 : 272.658.750 ng

Nm 2013 : 403.681.488 ng

Nm 2014 : 556.466.871 ng

Nm 2015 : 692.578.826 ng

Nm 2016 : 847.145.490 ng

Nm 2017 : 1.019.773.808 ng
...
Nhn chung vi tng u t 361.790.000 ng v li nhun rng hng nm kh
cao th hin cc nm 2012 v nhng nm tip theo. Diu cho thy s u t
34
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

vo d n mang li nhiu li ch v kinh t cho ch u t cng nh li ch v x
hi cho tnh nh.

Bng bo co thu nhp :

Nm

NM 2011
NM 2012
NM 2013
NM 2014
1
2
3
4
1,113,750,000 2,838,000,000 3,258,288,000 3,738,885,480
1,028,160,125 2,474,455,000 2,720,046,016 2,996,929,652
85,589,875
363,545,000
538,241,984
741,955,828
21,397,469
90,886,250
134,560,496
185,488,957
64,192,406
272,658,750
403,681,488
556,466,871

Tng doanh thu

Tng chi ph
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN (25%)
Li nhun sau thu
Nm
Tng doanh thu
Tng chi ph
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN (25%)
Li nhun sau thu

NM 2015
5
4,195,029,509
3,271,591,074
923,438,435
230,859,609
692,578,826

Nm
Tng doanh thu
Tng chi ph
Li nhun trc thu
Thu TNDN (25%)
Li nhun sau thu

NM 2016
6
4,706,823,109
3,577,295,789
1,129,527,320
282,381,830
847,145,490

NM 2017
7
5,281,055,528
3,921,357,118
1,359,698,410
339,924,603
1,019,773,808

NM 2018
8
5,925,344,302
4,300,739,186
1,624,605,117
406,151,279
1,218,453,838

NM 2019
9
6,648,236,307
4,723,711,857
1,924,524,450
481,131,113
1,443,393,338

NM 2020
10
7,459,321,137
5,195,512,364
2,263,808,772
565,952,193
1,697,856,579

NM 2021
11
8,369,358,315
5,722,014,460
2,647,343,855
661,835,964
1,985,507,891

Nm 2012

Nm 2013

Nm 2014

5. Bo co ngn lu :
BO CO NGN LU
Nm

Nm 2011

Nm 2015

1,113,750,000

2,838,000,0
00
2,838,000,000

3,258,288,0
00
3,258,288,000

3,738,885,4
80
3,738,885,480

4,195,029,50
9
4,195,029,509

NGN LU VO
Doanh thu
Tng ngn lu vo

35
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

NGN LU RA
Chi ph u t ban u
Chi ph hot ng
Tng ngn lu ra
Ngn lu rng trc thu
Thu TNDN
Ngn lu rng sau thu
H s chit khu
Hin gi ngn lu rng
Hin gi tch lu
NPV
IRR
Tbp
Nm

361,790,00
0
1,028,160,1
25
1,389,950,125
(1,389,950,12
5)
21,397,46
9
(1,411,347,59
4)

2,474,455,000
2,474,455,000
363,545,00
0
90,886,25
0
272,658,75
0

1.000
(1,411,347,59
4)
(1,411,347,59
4)
1,438,990,3
13
39%
5

0.833
227,215,62
5
(1,184,131,96
9)

Nm 2016

Nm 2017
5

2,720,046,016
2,720,046,016
538,241,98
4
134,560,49
6
403,681,48
8
0.69
4
280,334,36
7
(903,797,60
2)

2,996,929,652
2,996,929,652
741,955,82
8
185,488,95
7
556,466,87
1
0.57
9
322,029,43
9
(581,768,16
3)

3,271,591,074
3,271,591,074
923,438,43
5
230,859,60
9
692,578,82
6

Nm 2018

Nm 2019

Nm 2020

0.482
333,998,27
6
(247,769,88
7)

NGN LU VO
Doanh thu
Tng ngn lu vo
NGN LU RA
Chi ph u t ban u
Chi ph hot ng
Tng ngn lu ra

4,706,823,109
4,706,823,109

5,281,055,528
5,281,055,528

5,925,344,302
5,925,344,302

6,648,236,307
6,648,236,307

7,459,321,137
7,459,321,137

3,577,295,789

3,921,357,118

4,300,739,186

4,723,711,857

5,195,512,364

3,577,295,789

3,921,357,118

4,300,739,186

4,723,711,857

5,195,512,364

Ngn lu rng trc thu

Thu TNDN

1,129,527,320
282,381,83
0

1,359,698,410
339,924,60
3

1,624,605,117
406,151,27
9

1,924,524,450
481,131,11
3

2,263,808,772
565,952,19
3

Ngn lu rng sau thu

H s chit khu

847,145,490
0.402

1,019,773,808
0.335

1,218,453,838
0.279

1,443,393,338
0.233

1,697,856,579
0.194

Hin gi ngn lu rng

340,448,773

341,520,185

340,048,104

335,687,159

329,055,980

36
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

Hin gi tch lu
NPV
IRR
Tbp

92,678,886
434,199,071
1,438,990,31
3
39%
5

774,247,175

TT

Ch tiu

1
2
3
4

Tng mc u t (ng)
Gi tr hin ti thc NPV (1.000 ng)
T sut han vn ni b IRR (%)
Thi gian hon vn (nm)
nh gi

1,109,934,334

1,438,990,313

361.790.000
1.438.990.313
39%
5
Hiu qu

Thi gian phn tch hiu qu ti chnh ca d n trong vng i 9 nm k t

nm 2011.
Dng tin thu vo bao gm: tng doanh thu hng nm;
Dng tin chi ra gm: cc khon chi u t ban u mua sm MMTB v chi
ph hot ng hng nm (khng bao gm chi ph khu hao), tin thu np cho
ngn sch Nh Nc.
Vi sut sinh li Ch u t k vng s ln hn li vay ca cc ngn hng l r e
= 15%
Da vo kt qu ngn lu vo v ngn lu ra, ta tnh c cc ch s ti chnh,
v kt qu cho thy:
Hin gi thu nhp thun ca d n l :NPV = 1.438.990.313 ng >0
Sut sinh li ni b l: IRR = 39%
Thi gian hon vn tnh l 5 nm k c nm 2011
Qua qu trnh hoch nh, phn tch v tnh ton cc ch s ti chnh trn cho
thy d n mang li li nhun cao cho ch u t so vi ngun vn u t ban u
b ra, sut sinh li ni b cng cao hn s k vng ca nh u t, v kh nng
thu hi vn nhanh hn so vi k hoch ra.
VI.3. nh gi nh hng Kinh t - X hi
1. Hiu qu kinh t
D n xy dng nh my c nhiu tc ng tch cc n s pht trin kinh t
x hi ca tnh nh. ng gp vo s pht trin v tng trng ca nn kinh t
tnh Bn Tre. Nh nc, a phng c ngun thu ngn sch t Thu GTGT, Thu
Thu nhp doanh nghip. To ra cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng v thu nhp
cho ch u t;
2. Li ch x hi
37
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

Khng ch tim nng v mt kinh t m d n cn c gi tr to ln v mt x
hi. Khi d n i vo hot ng gp phn thc y nng sut cy trng trong nng
nghip ca cc h gia nh. Nhm to ra mt thu nhp n nh cho ngi nng
dn, nng cao cht lng cuc sng. Trong nhng nm qua nn kinh t nng
nghip gp nhiu kh khn do thi tit, thin tai, bo l, dch bnh, t ai cn ci
lm cho nng sut cy trng thp, i sng ngi nng dn c cc. Ma mng
khng c g thu hoch, nhiu h nng dn khng c iu kin sinh sng.
Nhng vi cng dng ca cc sn phm phn vi sinh v phn bn l gp phn
nng cao nng sut cy trng. Do d n ra i l mt bi gii cho nhng bi
ton ny. Bn cnh d n cn rt kh thi qua cc thng s ti chnh nh
1.438.990.313 ng ; Sut sinh li ni b l: IRR = 39 % ; thi gian ho vn sau
5 nm k t nm 2011. iu ny cho thy d n mang li li nhun cao cho nh
u t, nim tin ln khi kh nng u t v thu hi vn u t nhanh. Thm vo
, d n cn ng gp rt ln cho ngn sch Nh Nc v gii quyt mt lng
ln lc lng lao ng cho Tnh Bn Tre.

38
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

CHNG VII :

KT LUN V KIN NGH

VII.1 Kt lun
Vic thc hin u t D n nh my sn xut phn vi sinh gp phn vo vic
pht trin KT- XH tnh Bn Tre
Bo co thuyt minh d n xy dng nh sn xut phn vi sinh l c s nh
u t trin khai cc ngun lc pht trin.
Khng ch tim nng v kinh t, th trng nguyn liu u vo v u ra cho
sn phm m d n cn rt kh thi qua cc thng s ti chnh. iu ny cho thy
d n mang li li nhun cao cho nh u t, nim tin ln v hiu qu u t
Thm vo , d n cn ng gp rt ln cho ngn sch Nh Nc v gii
quyt mt lng ln lc lng lao ng.
c bit l d n ra i gii quyt mi quan tm lo lng ca ngi nng dn,
gip h ci thin i sng.
Vy d n thc hin s mang li nhiu yu t thun li nh sau:
- Mang li li ch kinh t cho ch u t.
- Ci thin t tng v i sng cho ngi nng dn
- Ph hp vi nh hng pht trin kinh t, ch trng ku gi u t ca nh
nc
- Xt v mt kinh t, cc ch tiu kinh t k thut cho thy d n thc hin s
mang li nhiu hiu qu.
VII.2 Kin ngh
Qua vic phn tch th trng cng nh tnh hnh chung trong lnh vc, cho thy
d n mang li nhiu li ch cho ch u t, cho nh nc v c bit l ngi nng
dn. Do vic ra i ca d n rt ph hp vi tnh hnh chung ca x hi, c
bit l ca tnh Bn Tre trong vn y mnh cng nghip ha - hin i ha ca
tnh nh. Hn th na d n i vo hot ng s gii quyt c cng nvic lm,
to thu nhp cho nhiu ngi. iu cho thy d n rt kh thi v nhiu mt.
ngh cc c quan chc nng to iu kin gip ch u t d n sm
thi cng v a vo hot ng!
Bn Tre, ngy 10 thng 05 nm 2011
CH U T

39
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

40
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V

D n Sn Xut Phn Bn L V Phn Vi Sinh

41
Cng Ty TNHH Thng Mi Dch V