BO CO NHP MN IN T VIN THNG BI THIN QUANG LP IN T 4-K55 MSSV: 20102011 I.

GII THIU Vi tc pht trin trong khoa hc-cng ngh t cui th k 20 v tip tc u th k 21 c tc ng mnh m n s pht trin ca cc ngnh k thut ni chung v ngnh in t vin thng ni ring. Chng ta s cng nhau tm hiu v ngnh in t vin thng. Nu nh dng in l v hnh c th mt long i qua si dy dn th chng ta phi chng c th li dng dng in thc hin truyn tin tc c li xa? Suy ngh ca Morse cng chnh l tng t nn mng cho ngnh in t vin thng ngy nay. T chic my in bo u tin mang tn Con Vt xu x ca Morse, n nay, ngnh in t vin thng to nn mt mng li thng tin lin lc bao qut ton th gii. Ngy nay, cng vi cng ngh thng tin,ngnh in t vin thng ang c nhng bc pht trin mnh m khng ngng v tr thnh cha kha thnh cng cho nhiu c nhn trong nhiu lnh vc, hot ng . Vi nhng ng dng ca mnh ngnh in t vin thng gp phn mang li nhiu li ch m khng ai c th ph nhn c. Trc ht chng ta cng nhau tr li cu hi: in t vin thng l gi? in t vin thng l ngnh s dng nhng cng ngh tin tin to nn cc thit b gip cho vic truy sut thng tin bn mun c. c th l nhng thit b thng thng gn lin vi cuc sng ca chng ta hng ngy nh: i, tivi, in thoi cho ti nhng h thng phc tp cha n 1s chuyn thng tin t chu lc ny n chu lc khc , t v tinh bay trn bu kh quyn ti tri t. Lnh vc in t

in t l ngnh khoa hc cng ngh m vi cc mch in lin quan n thnh phn hot ng in chng hn nh ng chn khng, cc bng bn dn, it v mch tch hp. in t th khc bit vi in v in c kh. S

khc bit ny bt u khong 1906 vi nhng pht minh ca Lee De Forest Triode, in khuch i tn hiu radio yu v tn hiu m thanh nhanh nht c th vi mt thit b khng c kh. Cho n nm 1950 lnh vc ny c gi l cng ngh v tuyn. Ngy nay hu ht cc thit b in t s dng cht bn dn cc thnh phn thc hin kim sot in t. Nghin cu ca cc thit b bn dn v cng ngh lin quan c coi l mt chi nhnh ca vt l cht rn trong khi thit k v xy dng cc mch in t gii quyt vn thc t i theo k thut in t. Lnh vc nghin cu v ch to ra cc vi mch in t - "b no" iu khin ton b hot ng ca cc thit b thng minh. Vi s n lc khng ngng ca cc chuyn gia, nhng vi mch ngy cng tr nn b nh v thng minh hn. Ngy nay, mt trong nhng hng nghin cu c th gii tp trung pht trin l cc "chip sinh hc". y l nhng con chip c cu trc nh cu trc ca ADN, gip tng cng ti a kh nng lu tr. T nhng nm 1960, Gordon moore- ngi sng lp cng ty intel tin on c sau 18 thng s to ra nhng vi mch c mt chip tang gp i vi tc x l cng tang ln chng y. Ngy nay tin on trn vn hon ton chnh xc. Mt chip vi mch c kh nng cha ti hang triu linh kin in t. - Lnh vc vin thng Vin thng( trong cc ngn ng chu u xut pht t tele ca ting hi lp c ngha l xa va communicare ca ting La Tinh c ngha l thng bo) miu t mt cch tng qut tt c cc hnh thc trao i thng tin qua mt khong cch nht nh m khng phi chuyn ch nhng thng tin ny i mt cch c th. Cc tn hiu nhn thy c s dng trong th k 18 nh h thng biu hin cc ch ci bng cch t tay hay hai l c theo mt v tr nht nh( semaphore) hay my quang bo( heliograph) l mt dng c truyn tin bng cch phn chiu nh sang mt tri. theo ngha hp hn, ngy nay vin thng c hiu nh l cch thc trao i d liu thng qua k thut in, in t v cc cng ngh hin i khc. Cc dch v vin thng u tin theo ngha ny l in bo v in thoi. ngy nay cc thit b vin thng l mt thanh phn c bn ca h thng h tng. Lnh vc vin thng l ngnh nghin cu v s dng cc thit b in t vin thng to nn cc mng vin thng

Bn thng nghe ni chng ta ang sng trn xa l thng tin? Cc mng vin thng ny chnh l xa l thng tin y, ni bn c th kt ni thng tin lin lc ti mi ni. Mng vin thng l phng tin truyn thng tin t u pht ti u thu, gm cc thnh phn chnh: tit b chuyn mch, thit b truyn dn, mi trng truyn, thit b u cui. Nu in tn 1884, in thoi 1876, radio 1895 v v tuyn truyn hnh 1925 thay i cch thc giao tip ca con ngi th s xut hin ca v tinh vin thng 1960, si quang hc 1977 v mi nht l cng ngh khng dy to nn mt h thn kinh thng minh nhy bn trn tri t. C th ni lnh vc vin thng lm thay i b mt ca tri t, hin thc ha kh nng lin kt ca mi ngi, mi quc gia, gn kt mi ngi vi nhau nh m mng li vin thng v hnh v hu hnh trn khp tri t v v tr. Cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, nhu cu x dng v truyn d liu ca con ngi cng tang ln theo hm s m. Ngnh in t vin thng t ho l ngi a tri thc ca loi ngi n mi ngi v ngc li Ngnh in t vin thng khng ngng pht trin lun em li s hi t (hay s thng nht) v cc loi hnh dch v truyn d liu nh in thoi, truyn hnh. D liu internet bng rng thc y ngnh cng ngh thng tin pht trin ln mt mc cao hn, loi hnh dch v a dng hn v chi ph r hn. Lnh vc mng vin thng Trong lnh vc ny bn khng ch lm ch cc thit b truyn tin trn ton cu nh h thng truyn dn cp quang, v tinh, h thng truyn tin khng dym cn nm r hot ng ca cc thit b nh tuyn, chuyn mch tng i, gip cho vic lin lc gia hang t ngi trn ton cu c chnh xc Khng ch vy, bn cn thit k cc h thng mng LAN trong vn phng, gia nh, ti nhng h thng mng trc phc tp, tinh vi, to nn h thn kinh cho mi quc gia v ton th gii. cc h thng mng khng nhng cn thng minh, n gin, tin cy i vi khch hang m cn phi c kh nng an ton trc nhng t tn cng ca vu, hacker ph hoi. Lnh vc nh v ng dn

mi chuyn bay ct cnh, h cnh an ton, bay ng cao l cng vic khng ch ca t my m cn ca nhng thnh vin cc trm kim sot

khng lu t khp ni trn mt t. m bo cho hang nghn chuyn bay, tu thy hot ng an ton l cng vic ca nhng k s in t vin thng lm vic trong lnh vc nh v dn ng. - Lnh vc in t y sinh Cc my mc thit b in t hin i trong lnh vc y t v sinh hc u cn s hin din ca nhng k s in t vin thng lm cng tc vn hnh cng nh sa my mc. Nhng cn bnh rt kh khn trong vic chn on hay iu tr trc kia, nay nh thit b in t tr nn n gin hn nhiu. cc th nghim nghin cu sinh vt hc cng nh thit b in t vin thng tr nn chnh xc hn. in t vin thng ngy cng gi vai tr tch cc trong s pht trin ca lnh vc in t y sinh. Lnh vc m thanh hnh nh S pht trin mnh m ca lnh vc m thanh hnh nh cng c mt phn ng gp quan trng ca ngnh in t vin thng nh vic thit k ra cc trang thit v nghe nhn, iu chnh m ca cc thit b thu m Ngnh in t vin thng la tp hp ca lnh vc in t( lnh vc ca cng ngh cao, sn xut vi mch, linh kin in t) v lnh vc vin thng( lnh vc ph trch mng truyn dn thng tin). y l ngnh c c tnh bao trm, tc ong chung n nn kinh t v nh hng rng ri n cc ngnh ngh khc. II. LC S NGNH IN T VIN THNG - H thng cp quang T nhng nm 1880 Graham Bell c tng s dng nh sang truyn ting ni v phi mt mt th ki sau, tng mi thnh hin thc. vo cui nhng nm 80 ca th k XX ln u tin trn th gii xut hin tuyn cp quang ln xuyn i dng, ni lin mng thng tin gia cc chu lc khc nhau C th ni s ra i ca vic truyn dn bng cp quang l mt bc tin di ca ngnh in t vin thng. Nu h thng cp ng trc kt ni xuyn i ty dng ca M nm 1956 ch c kh nng truyn ng thi 48 knh m thoi th h thng cp quang ngm di y bin cho php truyn cng lc 20000 knh m thoi( th h u tin) v ln ti 320000 knh th h 3. Hin nay,

hu thng cp quang c kh nng truyn hng triu knh thoi mt lc v tc ln n hang t bit/giy. - H thng v tinh Phn ln h thng v tinh gip cho cng vic truyn thng vn hnh l h thng v tinh a tnh. Cc v tinh ny quay cng chiu tri t vi vn tc 11.070 km/h v hot ng nh nhng chic gng phn chiu. thng tin gi t mt t ln v tinh, v tinh s tip nhn thng tin truyn li nhng thng tin ny t v tr v tri di trong mt khong khng gian rng ln. Vi kh nng bao ph c mt vng rng ln, theo nguyn tc ch cn 3 v tinh l c th hon ton bao ph thng tin ton cu. nhng thc t do vng ph song b hn ch nn phi tang s v tinh lin lc. Hin c hang tram v tinh ang hot ng nhng tn s khc nhau duy tr thng tin lin lc. H thng thng tin di ng

Nu nh nm 1981 dch v thng tin di ng mi bt u xut hin v ch c t thu bao th thi im hin ti, c hang t thu bao trn ton cu s dng h thng di ng c nhn Cc thit b di ng ang tr nn qu quen thuc. cc h thng thng tin di ng(2.5G) v th h th 3(3G) hin chim lnh ton b mng di ng vi cc dch v truy cp mng internet, quay phim, chp nh hay xem nhng b phim ngn c tch hp trong cc thit b di ng gn nh.
III.

CC YU T CN THIT MT K S IN T VIN THNG

C mc tiu v am m, nng khiu v ton hc,logic, kh nng t duy v suy lun, kin thc vt l, nht l vt l in t. thng minh, nng ng, kin tr nhn ni, lun tm ti ,hc hi. c kh nng ngoi ng v kh nng lm vic theo nhm.