Gio trnh chnh ph in t

Bin tp bi:
Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng

Gio trnh chnh ph in t

Bin tp bi:
Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
Cc tc gi:
Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng

Phin bn trc tuyn:

http://voer.edu.vn/c/3e26d127

MC LC
1. Khi nim v chnh ph in t ( CPT)
2. C s pht trin v xy dng chnh ph in t
3. Mng my tnh trong chnh ph in t
4. Khi nim v cng thng tin in t (portal)
5. Gii thiu v dotnetnuke Portal
6. M hnh kin trc h thng cng thng tin in t
7. Chc nng cng thng tin chnh ph in t c nhn ha
8. Cung cp dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn qua Portal
9. Xy dng Portal-Website bng DotNetNuke
Tham gia ng gp

1/53

Khi nim v chnh ph in t ( CPT)

Khi nin v CPT (e - Government)
CPT l chnh ph ng dng CNTTTT i mi t chc, i mi quy tc hot ng,
tng cng nng lc ca chnh ph, lm cho chnh ph lm vic c hiu lc, hiu qu v
minh bch hn, cung cp thng tin tt hn cho ngi dn, doanh nghip, cc t chc v
to iu kinh thun li cho ngi dn thc hin quyn dn ch v tham gia qun l nh
nc. Ni mt cch ngn gn, CPT l chnh ph hin i, i mi, v dn, hot ng
hiu lc, hiu qu hn, cung cp dch v tt hn trn c s ng dng CNTTTT.
Theo nh ngha ca ngn hng th gii (World Bank) CPT l vic cc c quan ca
chnh ph s dng mt cch c h thng CNTT TT thc hin quan h vi cng
dn, doanh nghip v cc t chc x hi. nh giao dch ca cc c quan chnh ph
vi cng dn v cc t chc s c ci thin, nng cao cht lng. Li ch thu c s
l gim thiu tham nhng, tng cng tnh cng khai, s tin li, gp phn vo s tng
trng v gim chi ph. Nh vy CPT l vic ng dng CNTT-TT, cung cp dch v
cng cho ngi dn v doanh nghip v to ra s cng khai minh bch.
Tham gia CPT c 3 ch th: ngi dn, Chnh ph v doanh nghip. Ty theo mi
quan h tng tc gia 3 ch th ta c:
-G2C: Quan h Chnh ph vi ngi dn
-G2B: Quan h Chnh ph vi doanh nghip
-G2G: Quan h cc c quan Chnh ph vi nhau
Mc tiu c bn ca CPT l ci tin quy trnh cng tc trong c quan Chnh ph thng
qua nn hnh chnh in t, ci thin quan h vi ngi dn thng qua cng dn in t
v tin ti xy dng mt x hi tri thc trn nn tng CNTT.
Vic pht trin Chnh ph in t tri qua mt s giai on khc nhau. C qua tng giai
on (thc hin v duy tr) th tnh phc tp li tng thm, nhng gi tr m n mang li
cho ngi dn v doanh nghip cng tng ln (trong c phn tng cho Chnh ph qua
vic c th c thm ngun gin thu hay trc thu).
Mt m hnh CPT c s dng rng ri, do hng t vn v nghin cu Gartner
xy dng nn, ch ra bn giai on (hay thi k) ca qu trnh pht trin Chnh ph in
t.

2/53

Cc giai on ca CPT theo m hnh ca Gartner

Thng tin Trong giai on u, chnh ph in t c ngha l hin din trn trang web
v cung cp cho cng chng cc thng tin (thch hp). Gi tr mang li ch cng chng
c th tip cn c thng tin ca chnh ph, cc quy trnh tr nn minh bch hn, qua
nng cao cht lng dch v. Vi G2G, cc c quan chnh ph cng c th trao i
thng tin vi nhau bng cc phng tin in t, nh Internet, hoc trong mng ni b.
Tng tc Trong giai on th hai, s tng tc gia chnh ph v cng dn (G2C
v G2B) c thng qua nhiu ng dng khc nhau. Ngi dn c th hi qua th in
t, s dng cc cng c tra cu, ti xung cc biu mu v ti liu. Cc tng tc ny
gip tit kim thi gian. Thc t, vic tip nhn n t c th thc hin trc tuyn 24
gi trong ngy. Thng thng, nhng ng tc ny ch c th c thc hin ti bn
tip dn trong gi hnh chnh. V mt ni b (G2G), cc t chc ca chnh ph s dng
mng LAN, intranet v th in t lin lc v trao i d liu. R rng giai on ny
ch c th thc hin c khi thc hin ci cch hnh chnh (vi c ch mt ca in
t, c ch mt ca lin thng in t) theo tinh thn Quyt nh s 93/2007/Q-TTg
ngy 22 thng 6 nm 2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
Giao dch Vi giai on th ba, tnh phc tp ca cng ngh c tng ln, nhng gi tr
ca khch hng (trong G2C v G2B) cng tng. Cc giao dch hon chnh c th thc
hin m khng cn i n c quan hnh chnh. C th ly v d v cc dch v trc tuyn
nh: ng k thu thu nhp, ng k thu ti sn, gia hn/cp mi giy php, th thc
v h chiu, biu quyt qua mng. Giai on 3 l phc tp bi cc vn an ninh v c
th ha, chng hn nh ch k s (ch k in t) l cn thit cho php thc hin
vic chuyn giao cc dch v mt cch hp php. V kha cnh doanh nghip, chnh ph
in t bt u vi cc ng dng mua bn trc tuyn. giai on ny, cc quy trnh ni
b (G2G) phi c thit k li cung cp dch v c tt. Chnh ph cn nhng lut
v quy ch mi cho php thc hin cc giao dch khng s dng ti liu bng giy.

3/53

Chuyn ha Giai on th t l khi mi h thng thng tin c tch hp li v cng

chng c th hng cc dch v G2C v G2B ti mt bn giao dch (im giao dch o).
giai on ny, tit kim chi ph, hiu qu v p ng nhu cu khch hng t c
cc mc cao nht c th c.
Khng nht thit mi bc pht trin v dch v u phi nm cng mt giai on. Qu
thc, iu quan trng l phi bit lc ra mt s dch v cn a sang giai on 2 v giai
on 3 v a ra nhng m hnh v vai tr v ng c tin ln lm tip. V vn
trng tm ca G2C v G2B, vi G2C nn t trng tm vo cc giai on ban u l 1
v 2. Tuy nhin, vi G2B th nn tp trung n lc t c giai on 2 v giai on 3 v
ch cui cng l giai on 4 (nhng y l mc tiu di hn (10 n 15 nm).

M hnh tin ha cc giai on ca Portal

Cc mc tiu ca CPT
Mc tiu chung l tng cng nng lc, nng cao hiu qu iu hnh nh nc ca
chnh ph, mang li thun li cho dn chng, tng cng s cng khai minh bch
(transparency), gim chi tiu chnh ph. Mc tiu c th l:
-Nng cao nng lc qun l iu hnh ca Chnh ph v cc c quan chnh quyn cc
cp (trao i vn bn in t, thu thp thng tin chnh xc v kp thi ra quyt nh, giao
ban in t )
-Cung cp cho ngi dn v doanh nghip cc dch v cng to iu kin cho ngui dn
d dng truy nhp khp mi ni
-Ngi dn c th tham gia xy dng chnh sch, ng gp vo qu trnh xy dng lut
php, qu trnh iu hnh ca chnh ph mt cch tch cc.
-Gim c chi ph cho b my chnh ph
-Thc hin mt chnh ph hin i, hiu qu v minh bch
4/53

Chnh ph in t s to ra phong cch lnh do mi, phng thc mi, cung cp dch
v cho ngi dn v nng cao c nng lc qun l iu hnh t nc.
Do vy m trong thi gian qua, cc nc u c gng u t xy dng CPT. Xy dng
CPT Vit Nam l mt yu cu cp thit, n l mt phn quan trng trong tin trnh
ci cch nn hnh chnh quc gia.
Nhng kh khn, tr ngi trong qu trnh xy dng CPT ti Vit Nam cn rt nhiu:
-Bt cp t cc d n CNTT -C s h tng CNTT TT cn yu km.
-Trnh dn tr thp
-Trnh nhn thc v k nng ca cn b vin chc b hn ch
-Quy trnh nghip v cha n nh (ang trong qu trnh ci cch).

Li ch ca CPT
CPT l chnh ph m bo c cung cp y thng tin cn thit v ng lc cho
vic ra quyt nh. CPT l tng l mt chnh ph cung cp y thng tin, ng
thi im cho nhng ngi quyt nh, l li th ln nht ca CNTT.
CPT s dng CNTT t ng ho cc th tc hnh chnh ca chnh ph, p dng
CNTT vo cc quy trnh qun l, hot ng ca chnh ph do vy tc x l cc th
tc hnh chnh nhanh hn rt nhiu ln.
CPT cho php cng dn c th truy cp ti cc th tc hnh chnh n thng qua phng
tin in t, v d nh: Internet, in thoi di ng, truyn hnh tng tc.
CPT gip cho cc doanh nghip lm vic vi chnh ph mt cch d dng bi mi th
tc u c hiu, hng dn v mi bc cng vic u c m bo thc hin tt,
tin cy. Mi thng tin kinh t m chnh ph c u c cung cp y cho cc doanh
nghip hot ng hiu qu hn.
i vi cng chc, CNTT dng trong CPT l mt cng c gip h hot ng hiu qu
hn, c kh nng dp ng nhu cu ca cng chng v thng tin truy cp v x l chng.
i vi ngi dn v doanh nghip
Gim thiu thi gian cho cng dn, doanh nghip v ngi lao ng khi truy nhp v s
dng dch v ca chnh ph v do gim thiu chi ph ca nhn dn. Khuyn khch s
tham gia ca cng ng vo cc hot ng ca chnh ph.

5/53

i vi Chnh ph
Gim nn giy t vn phng cng s, tit kim thi gian, hp l ho vic vn hnh
cng vic, cho php cc c quan Chnh ph cung cp cc dch v cht lng cao hn v
gim ngn sch chi tiu ca chnh ph.
Cc mc tng tc trong CPT
Cp

Tng
V d
tc
Cng
dn
Cung
cp
thng
tin

C quan
hnh
chnh

c nhn
thng tin

Hi/tr
Hi
li
Trao
i

- Cp nht thng
tin - Hng dn
cc th tc hnh
chnh- Cung cp
biu mu

- Cp nht cc vn bn nh nc- Cp nht

cc chnh sch, ch trng- Cp nht nhng
thng tin lin quan n cng dn, doanh
nghip, cc t chc x hi(quy hoch,gii
ta/n b)

Tr li

Din m trao i, gii p thc mc, hng

dn

xut,
Tip nhn, tip
kin ngh,
thu, gii quyt
yu cu

Quan
-ng k
h trc
th tc
tuyn

- Tip nhn, gii

quyt

- Thanh
ton qua
Quan
mng:
h trc
thu, dch
tuyn
v, mua
bn.

- Thc hin thanh

ton in t.

- Gii quyt cc dch v cng theo yu cu

Quan
- Cung cp thng
- Kim tra
- Khch hng c thkim tra kt qu, nhng
h trc
tin cho khch
thng tin
thng tin lin quan n c nhn
tuyn
hng

6/53

Cc m hnh giao dch trong CPT

Tham gia chnh ph in t c 3 thc th: chnh ph, ngi dn v doanh nghip. Trn
c s quan h gia cc ch th trn, ta c th phn loi CPT ra thnh 4 loi, tng ng
vi 4 dng dch v Chnh ph bao gm:
G2C (Government to Citizens): c hiu nh kh nng giao dch v cung cp dch v
ca chnh ph trc tip cho ngi dn, v d : T chc bu c ca cng dn, thm d
d lun, qun l quy hoch xy dng th, t vn, khiu ni, gim st v thanh ton
thu, ho n ca cc ngnh vi ngi thu bao, dch v thng tin trc tip 24x7, phc
v cng cng, mi trng gio dc.
G2B ( Government to Business ): Dch v v quan h chnh ph i vi cc doanh
nghip, cc t chc phi chnh ph, nh sn xut nh: dch v mua sm, thanh tra, gim
st doanh nghip ( v ng thu, tun th lut php,); thng tin v quy hoch s dng
t, phat trin th, u thu, xy dng; cung cp thng tin dng vn bn, hng dn
s dng, quy nh, thi hnh chnh sch nh nc, cho cc doanh nghip. y l thnh
phn quan h c bn trong m hnh nh nc l ch th qun l v m nn kinh t, x
hi thng qua chnh sch, c ch v lut php v doanh nghip nh l khch th i din
cho lc lng sn xut trc tip ca ci vt cht ca nn kinh t.
G2E ( Government to Employees): ch cc dch v, giao dch trong mi quan h gia
chnh ph i vi cng chc, vin chc bo him, dch v vic lm, tr cp tht nghip,
chm sc sc kho, nh
G2G ( Government to Government): c hiu nh kh nng phi hp, chuyn giao v
cung cp cc dch v mtt cch c hiu qu gia cc cp, ngnh, t chc, b my nh
nc trong vic iu hnh v qun l nh nc, trong chnh bn thn b my ca
chnh ph va ng vai tr l ch th v khch th trong mi quan h ny.
Ton b h thng quan h, giao dch ca chnh ph nh G2C, G2E, G2B, v G2G phi
c t trn mt h tng vng chc ca h thng: tin cy (trust), kh nng m bo
tnh ring t (privacy) v bo mt an ton (security) v cui cng tt c u da trn
h tng cng ngh v truyn thng vi cc quy m khc nhau: mng my tnh, mng
Intranet, Extranet v Internet. Ngoi 4 m hnh giao dch ch yu trn bng di y
cho thy nhng hnh thc giao tip khc trong CPT.
Cc loi hnh giao dch trong CPT
CPT

Nhn dn,
cng dn

C quan hnh
chnh, nh nc

Khu vc II
(kinh t)

Khu vc III
(NPI/NGO)

Nhn dn, cng

dn

C2C

C2G

C2B

C2N

7/53

Nh nc, c quan
G2C
hnh chnh

G2G

G2B

G2N

Khu vc II (kinh
t)

B2C

B2G

B2B

B2N

Khu vc III (NPI/

NGO)

N2C

N2G

N2B

N2N

Cc hnh thc hot ng v cc dng dch v cung cp qua CPT

Cc hnh thc hot ng ch yu ca CPT
Th in t ( e-mail)
Th in t gip tit kim c chi ph v thi gian. C th s dng e-mail gi cc
bn ghi nh, thng bo, bo co, bn tin. CPT yu cu mi cn b cng chc phi c
a ch e-mail trao i thng tin qua mng. Vit Nam phn u n 2010, 70% - 80%
ti liu, cng vn c chuyn qua mng.
Mua sm cng trong CPT
Vic mua sm cng c th thc hin c qua mng m bo tit kim c thi gian,
chi ph. Vic mua sm cng tp trung s m bo tit kim c chi ph, chng tiu cc.
Trao i d liu in t
Trao i d liu in t (Electronic Data Interchange - EDI) l vic trao i cc d liu
di dng c cu trc (Structured Form) t my tinh ny sang my tnh in t khc
trong ni b c quan hay gia cc c quan. EDI c tnh bo mt cao.
Tra cu, cp nht thng tin qua mng
Chnh ph thng qua mng internet c th cung cp thng tin cho ngi dn v doanh
nghip cc loi thng tin v kinh t, x hi, v ch trng chnh sch, v cc hng dn
cc th tuc hnh chnh.
Cc dng dch v m CPT cung cp
Cc dch v cng trc tuyn ca chnh ph:
Trc y cc c quan chnh ph cung cp dch v cng cho ngi dn ti tr s ca
mnh th nay c th cung cp dch v cng qua mng thng qua cng thng tin in t.
Ngi dn khng phi n trc tip, ch i ti cc tr s c quan trn nh trc y.
8/53

Mt s dch v cng c th cung cp qua mng l: -Cung cp thng tin vn bn quy

phm php lut, ch trng chnh sch -Cung cp thng tin kinh t, x hi v th trng;
-Cung cp dch v ng k, cp php xut nhp khu trc tuyn; -Cung cp dch v khai
bo thu trc tuyn; -Cung cp dch v ng k kinh doanh trc tuyn
GIS v cc dch v c cung cp qua CPT
CPT c th s dng Internet v GIS cung cp c nhiu nhng dch v mi m
ngi dn v doanh nghip quan tm. -Cung cp dch v ng dng ca GIS qun l
t ai, giy php xy dng. -Cung cp dch v thng tin quy hoch. -Cung cp dch v
ng dng GIS trao i thng tin gia cc c quan, chnh quyn cc cp phc v qun
l ti nguyn.

9/53

C s pht trin v xy dng chnh ph

in t
H tng cng ngh
H tng cng ngh gi mt vai tr quan trng trong vic p dng v pht trin CPT.
H tng cng ngh bao gm: CNTT-TT, cng ngh Internet, cng ngh in t (CNT),
tiu chun cng ngh.
-CNTT v cng ngh vin thng (CNVT): CPT l h qu tt yu ca s pht trin ca
CNTT v CNVT. H tng CNTT v h tng c s CNVT l hai iu kin tin quyt
thc hin CPT. H tng CNTT bao gm phn cng, phn mm, cc dch v p
dng v pht trin CPT nhm mng li hiu qu kinh t. H tng CNVT i hi cng
ngh cao, dung lng ln, bn thng rng, lin kt cc mng vin thng quc gia, kt
ni trc tip vi ng truyn quc t vi nhiu loi hnh dch v vin thng vi cht
lng ng truyn cao v gi thnh hp l.
-Cng ngh Internet: Internet c xem l ht sc quan trng trong tng th chin lc
pht trin CPT. Cng vi hi tn CNTT v h tng CNVT th h tng cng ngh
Internet l mt trong ba yu t cn thit p dng v pht trin CPT. H tng cng
ngh Internet thc y qu trnh tri thc to ra tri thc, to c hi thnh cng trong canh
tranh v a li hiu qu tt cho cc hot ng hp tc trao i. Internet Vit Nan
chnh thc th 1997, n nay mi c khong 4 triu thu bao quy i, V vy t ny
n 2010, Internet c coi l khu t ph, phn u t v vt ch tiu ra, trin
khai ni mng n mi c s o to, nghin cu, ti cc b, ngnh, c quan cp huyn.
Vit nam ang c nhiu thun li cho pht trin CPT: cc quy nh php l lin quan
n hot ng Internet v dch v thng qua mng Internet Vit Nam ang ngy mt
hon thin. Ngy cng nhiu doanh nghip c cp php v i vo kinh doanh dch
v Internet v cung cp ng truyn Internet. Ngy cng c nhiu thng tin v dch v
bng ting vit c a ln mng Internet. Nhiu cng ngh mi cho php Internet t
tc cao v cho php truyn ti cc dch v vi ni dung v cng phong ph, a dng.
Tuy nhin, cht lng dch v cha cao, ni dung thng tin ting vit cn ngho nn;
gi cc truy cp Internet tuy bng hoc thp hn mt s nc trong khu vc nhng vn
l cao so vi thu nhp ca ngi dn Vit Nam; vic qun l s dng Internet cn nhiu
bt cp.
pht trin Internet bn canh vic xy dng c s h tng Internet hin i phi nhanh
chng ph cp Internet c bn, cch thc s dng Internet c th v thit thc cho vic

10/53

tm kim, thu thp thng tin b tr cho vic ho tp, kinh doanh, chm lo sc kho v
khai thc c ti nguyn tri thc trn Internet ca c th gii vi chi ph thp nht.
Truy cp Internet tc cao v c Internet di ng s c tng tc truy cp trong
thi gian ti.
-Tiu chun cng ngh: Mun hi nhp c vi th gii, mt mt cn xy dng cc
chun quc gia, mt khc cn tha nhn v p dng cc chun ca th gii. Mun p
dng v pht trin CPT cng vy, cn tun th cc chun trong vic thanh ton, vn
chuyn, hi quan, ti chnh, trao i d liu in t, trong khu vc ton cu.
-Cng ngh in t(CNT): H tng CNT gip cho vic ch ng sn xut cc linh
kin, ph kin v thit b cn thit cho CNTT, vin thng, Internet.

C s h tng nhn lc
Cc thnh vin tham gia CPT cn c kin thc v k nng s dng my tnh v s
dng mng. H phi c nhng hiu bit cn thit v cc lut: giao dch in t, thanh
ton in t, kinh t thng mi v ngoi ng. Phi xy dng i ng chuyn gia gia,
tip cn, hiu bit v pht trin nhng cng ngh tin tin trn th gii.
Chuyn gia CNTT
Ngun nhn lc - mt trong nhng yu t chnh pht trin CPT vn l vn kh
khn, khng ch thiu s lng m cn hn ch v mt cht lng. Kin thc ca hu
ht sinh vin CNTT ra trng u thiu, t k nng lm vic nhm, tip cn quy trnh
cht lng v nht l trnh ngoi ng. Cn phi quan tm n ngun nhn lc v quan
tm h tr cho cc doanh nghip nh. Nh nc v ang u t, trin khai v d n
CNTT, tin hc ho qun l hnh chnh nh nc, tin ti mt nn hnh chnh in t,
ch trng, bi dng cc k s CNTT trong cc trng i hc, to iu kin cho cc
doanh nghip tham gia vo qu trnh thc hin CPT.
Ngi tiu dng
S lng ngi tiu dng quyt nh thnh bi ca sn phm hay dch v. Mun thc
hin v pht trin CPT th ng o ngi dn phi hiu bit v s dng c dch v
Iternet. Hn na, vn cn khong cch gia vic s dng my tnh vi vic khai thc
cc ng dng ca Internet. Nhiu c quan, x nghip, phn ln cn b, nhn vin cha
tng dng my tnh, nhng ngi c coi l bit s dng my trn thc t mi ch c
th son tho c vn bn trnh thp, cha ni ti vic ng dng CNTT vo mc
ch qun l kinh doanh. Mt s c quan kt ni vi Internet nhng hiu qu s dng
cn km, mt phn do cha c k nng s dng Internet, mt phn do trnh ting anh
cn hn ch.

11/53

C s h tng kinh t x hi
CPT cn mt h tng kinh t x hi pht trin mt cch ng b. Trong cc vn
quan trng cn lu gii quyt l:
-Mc sng ca ngi dn: mc sng thp khng cho php ng o dn c tip xc vi
cc phng thc ca kinh t s ho. Nu chi ph cho mt my tnh c nhn, thit b
ph tr, thu bao Internet, ph truy cp qu ln so vi mc thu nhp bnh qun ca
mt ngi dn th lng ngi truy cp Internet s t. CPT khng th pht trin trong
iu kin s ngi dn c kh nng truy cp internet thp.
-H thng thanh ton ti chnh t ng: Vit Nam, vic thanh ton ti chnh t ng
c trin khai mc thp. Trong khi CPT i hi mng li thanh ton t ng hon
chnh v chnh xc, nhng chng mi ch p ng c mt phn ca nhng yu cu
tii thiu. Th thanh ton in t cha c s dng rng ri do ngi dn c thi quen
s dng tin mt. Chng no m chng ta cha hnh thnh h thng thanh ton t ng,
chng tnh kh thi ca CPT cng nh ca thng mi in t cn nhiu hn ch.
-Nng sut lao ng: Nn kinh t Internet i hi mt nn sn xut c nng xut cao.
Ti Vit Nam nng sut lao ng cn thp, cch t chc cng vic cn thiu khoa hc,
cn c ngi tht nghip nn cha to ng lc thc y tit kim cao chi ph vt
cht v thi gian, l nhng mc tiu cn bn v li ch thit thc m CPT mng li.

C s h thng chnh sch php lut

Do Internet l mt lnh vc kh mi m Vit Nam nn hin nay h thng php lut
ca chng ta cha p ng c yu cu ca CPT. Chng ta c gng ban hnh mt
s lut nh lut giao dch in t, lut CNTT, lut s hu tr tu. Hng lot cc vn
bo h quyn s hu, tnh bo mt ca thng tin giao dch trn Internet, ch ti vi hnh
vi gian ln, vi phm hp ng, phng thc tnh thu i vi cc giao dch in t,
cha c c th ho trong cc vn bn php lut lin quan.
Vn php l nh nc, chnh ph cn phi quan tm khi ng dng CPT l vn
lin quan n bn quyn tc gi v xm phm tc quyn phn mm. Nh vy, CPT
l ch cn quan tm n khng ch trn phng din kinh t, k thut, lut php m
cc vn php l, chnh sch ln quan n bn quyn, vn ho x hi cng phi c
xem xt. C s php l ng vai tr quan trng trong vic h tr ng dng CPT thnh
cng. Mt s nhn t php l trong CPT lun c nhc ti:
-Tnh ring t: tr thanh vn quan trng cho cc khch hng hin nay. Cc iu khon
bo v tnh ring t c th hin rt nhiu trang web CPT ln. C nhng vn
trn c s php lut l khng ng n nhng trong x hi nhng hnh vi c th chp
nhn c v khng vi phm phm tr o c truyn thng.
12/53

-Bn quyn: bo v bn quyn tc gi trn trang web gp nhiu kh khn v thng tin
s ho c th sao chp d dng vi mc chi ph thp. Hn na, vn kh khn l qu
trnh kim soat ai l ngi c quyn s dng bn quyn.
-T do truy nhp thng tin: Internet cung cp c hi ln trong vic cung cp thng tin
cho cc i tng s dng. Tuy nhin, s t do ny c th nh hng tiu cc cho x
hi v ranh gii gia cc vn bt hp php cng nh thiud o c trn Internet lc
no cng r rng.
Lut giao dch in t: c quc hi thng qua ngy 19/11/2005 v c hiu lc t
ngy 01/03/2006. Lut gm 8 chng, 54 iu quy nh v thng ip in t; ch k
in t v chng thc ch k in t; giao k v thc hin hp ng in t; giao dch
in t ca c quan nh nc; an ninh, an ton, bo v, bo mt trong giao dch in t;
gii quyt tranh cp v x l vi phm trong giao dch in t, Phm vi iu chnh ch
yu l giao dch in t trong hot ng ca c quan nh nc, trong lnh vc dn s,
kinh doanh, thng mi.
Cng nhn v bo v hp ng in t: Nguyn tc tin hnh giao dch in t c
lut nu r. La chn giao dch bng phng tin in t l t nguyn ca c quan, t
chc, c nhn, c t tho thun v vic la chn cng ngh thc hin giao dch,
khng mt cng ngh no c xem l duy nht trong giao dch in t, m bo bnh
ng v an ton
Lut cng nhn v bo v hp ng in t: gi tr ca hp ng khng th b ph nhn
ch v hp ng c th hin di dng thng ip d liu . Trong giao kt v thc
hin hp ng in t, thng bo di dng thng ip d liu c gi tr php l nh
thng bo bng phng php truyn thng.
Cc bn tham gia hp ng in t c quyn tham gia tho thun s dng phng tin
in t trong giao kt hp ng, c quyn tho thu v yu cu k thut, chng thc,
cc iu kin m bo tnh ton vn, bo mt lin quan n hp ng in t . Vic
giao kt thc hin hp ng in t phi tun theo quy nh ca lut ny v php lut
hp ng.
Khuyn khch c quan nh nc giao dch in t: y mnh ng dng tin hc vo qun
l hnh chnh, lut yu cu: cn c vo yu cu pht trin kinh t - x hi v tnh hnh
c th, c quan nh nc xc nh mt l trnh hp l s dng phng tin in t
trong hot ng ni b, vi c quan, t chc, c nhn khc.
T chc, c nhn c quyn la chn phng thc giao dch vi c quan nh nc, nu
c quan nh nc chp nhn giao dch theo phng tin truyn thng v phng tin
in t.

13/53

Khi tin hnh giao dch in t, c quan nh nc phi quy nh c th v: nh dng,

biu mu ca thng ip d liu; loi ch k in t; cc quy trnh bo m tnh ton
vn, an ton b mt ca giao dch in t.
Cm cn tr s dng giao dch in t: Lut nghim cm cc hnh vi cn tr vic la
chn s dng giao dch in t, cn tr ngn chn tri php qu trnh chuyn gi v nhn
thng ip d liu; thay i, xo, hu, gi mo, sao chp, tit l, hin th, di chuyn tri
php mt phn hoc ton b thng ip d liu; to ra hoc pht tn chng trnh phn
mm (virus) lm ri lon thay i, ph hoi h thng iu hnh; to ra thng ip d
liu nhm thc hin hnh vi tri php lut; gian ln; mo nhn; chim ot hoc s dng
tri php ch k i t ca ngi khc,
T chc, c nhn khng c s dng, cung cp hoc tit l thng tin v b mt i t
hoc thng tin c quan, t chc, c nhn khc m mnh tip cn hoc kim soat s c
trong giao dch in t nu khng c s ng ca h, tr trng hp php lut c
quy nh khc.
Theo lut giao dch in t, nh nc cng nhn gi tr php l ch k in t v chng
th in t nc ngoi nu ch k hoc chng th in t c tin cy tng ng
ci tin cp ca ch k v chng th in t theo quy nh ca php lut. Vic xc
nh mc tin cy ca ch k in t v chng th in t nc ngoi phi cn c vo
cc tiu chun quc t c tha nhn, iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin
v cc quy nh lin quan khc.

C s an ton v bo mt
Khi tham gia vo Internet, vn t ra l phi tng cng cc bin php an tan bo
mt. An ton lun c coi l vn ch yu trong thc hin CPT. Theo hip hi an
ton my tnh quc gia NCSA (National Computer Security Association) vn an ton
CPT gm cc kha cnh:
-Tnh xc thc: Trong giao thc TCP/IP, phng tin nhn din mt ngi s dng
l mt m. Cc a ch IP c th c lc pht hin truy nhp tri php, nhng khng
th nhn dng khi mt gi tin thc s c gi t mt min nht nh. Thng qua cng
ngh gi l so thut IP, k t nhp c th gi mt mu tin n t mt min xc nh
no , trong khi mu tin khng c tht. Hoc k t nhp c th thay th mt tn
min trn mt trn web v nh vy cc ln truy nhp sau ngi dng truy nhp vi
ni dung khc m chng thay i.
-Tnh ring t: Cc hnh vi vi phm tnh ring t c th xut hin trong v sau khi
chuyn giao thng tin. Khi mt mu tin c nhn, ngi gi phi m bo rng ni
dung ca mu tin hon ton b mt. y thut ng ni dung c hiu theo ngha
rng nht. V d mt ngi truy cp vo mt trn web, th giao dch c nghi li. Bn

14/53

nghi li cc thng tin ngy thng, thi gian, a ch ca ngi s dng v tn min ca
ca trang trc m ngi s dng va truy nhp. Nu ngi s dng ang truy cp
vo trang web thng qua nh cung cp dch v Internet (ISP) th nh cung cp dch v
Internet c th gi m trang m ngi s dng va truy cp. Vi cng c im ,
nhiu trang web thng mi s dng tnh nng lu du vt lu li thng tin ca ngi
s dng (mc d hu ht cc trng hp, vic lu du vt c s dng hp php). Tuy
nhin nhiu nh qung co s dng tnh nng lu du vt v nguyn tc theo di
cc thi quen ca ngi s dng. S e do ln nht i vi tnh rin t khng phi l
cc thng tin c ly t s la lc m t s tho hip trong vic t do cung cp thng
tin ca ngi s dng.
-Tnh trung thc: TCP/IP c vai tr truyn cc gi d liu trong vn bn thun tu. V
cc goid tin lin quan n mt mu tin c th thng c truyn khi chng i t trm
n my ch v ngc li, do chng rt db nm bt v m phng trong qu trnh di
chuyn. V d k t nhp c th m phng a ch m cc ni dung ca trang web
s c trnh. Ngi s dng in y thng tin v th tn dng ca h vo mt
mu khai bo v gi i m khng bit rng thng tin s c chuyn sang my ch
ca k t nhp.

15/53

Mng my tnh trong chnh ph in t

M hnh kin trc mng tin hc din rng ca cc c quan ng v Nh nc c th bao
gm cc cp nh sau:
-Mc A: Cp xa l thng tin.
-Mc B: Cp B, Tnh.
-Mc C: Cp S, Ban, Ngnh, qun, huyn, th hoc Cc, V, n v thuc B.
-Mc D: Cp x, phng.

Mng li
Cp xa l thng tin l cp ng trc trn mng cho php cung cp cc cng kt ni tc
cao t Trung ng ti cc tnh/thnh v qun, huyn trong ton quc cc mng
my tnh cc b ca cc c quan ng, Nh nc ti cc cp kt ni vi nhau to thnh
mng truyn s liu ni b (Intranet).
Mng to ra xa l thng tin c gi l mng li. C th c cu trc sau:

Cu trc mng li mng chuyn dng

-Mi Core PoP c th s bao gm: Thit b switch v firewall cung cp cc kt ni

tc cao bo m v an ninh n h thng cc my ch d liu, h thng thng tin IP
(VoIP), h thng qun l mng v cc my ch dch v khc (nh DNS, e-mail, web,
caching).

16/53

S Coreswitch

Mng chuyn dng cp tnh

Mng LAN c quan cp Tnh

17/53

Mng chuyn dng cp huyn

Mng LAN cho cc c quan cp huyn th

Mng chuyn dng cp thnh ph

Mng LAN cho cc c quan cp x phng

M hnh cng thng tin in t v trung tm tch hp d liu ca tnh

H thng c chia thnh cc vng khc nhau:
-Vng d liu: l ni t cc server cha d liu v ng dng, bao gm LDAP server,
Database server, Application server, Backup server. Vng ny c bo v bi Domain
Firewall vi vng DMZ.
-Vng DMZ (vng cch ly): vng ny t cc server nh DNS, mail server, webserver,
v h thng khung portal c t ti y. Vic truy nhp n vng DMZ phi thng
qua Protocol Firewall.

18/53

-Ti mi n v S Ban Ngnh, UBND Huyn, Th tham gia h thng, mi trng vn

hnh h thng ng dng l mng LAN ca n v. Cc n v truy cp n Cng thng
qua h thng mng internet vi ng truyn ADSL.

M hnh vt l Cng in t v Trung Tm d liu

19/53

Khi nim v cng thng tin in t (portal)

Khi nim v cng in t (portal)
Cng thng tin in t l im truy cp tp trung v duy nht; tch hp cc knh thng
tin cc dch v , ng dng; l mt sn phm h thng phn mm c pht trin trn mt
sn phm phn mm cng li (Portal core), thc hin trao i thng tin, d liu vi cc
h thng thng tin, ng thi thc hin cung cp v trao i vi ngi s dng thng
qua mt phng thc thng nht trn nn tng Web ti bt k thi im no v t bt
k u.
Cc c trng c bn ca mt Cng thng tin (nhm phn bit vi Trang thng tin in
t):
-Kh nng phn loi ni dung: Portal phi cho php t chc ni dng v ng dng theo
nhiu cch khc nhau p ng cc yu cu khng ging nhau ca cc nhm (phn
loi theo ngi s dng, phng ban, n v) bn trong mt t chc.
-Kh nng Tm kim v ch mc: Portal phi cung cp hoc tch hp c cc h thng
tm kim v nh ch mc cc vn bn, ti liu gip ngi s dng c th nhanh
chng truy xut n nhng thng tin h cn.
-Kh nng qun l ni dung: Portal phi cung cp cc h thng kim sot ni dung, y
s l mt tnh nng hu hiu cho php ngi s dng khng cn hiu bit v k thut c
th to lp c ni dung. Portal cng phi kim sot c cc truy xut n tng ni
dung m bo ch nhng ngi c quyn mi c th truy nhp c cc vn bn m
h c cp php.
-C th ha: cho php thit lp cc thng tin khc nhau, trnh by theo cc cch khc
nhau, phc v cho cc loi i tng s dng khc nhau theo cc yu cu c nhn nh
s thch, thi quen, yu cu nghip v. Mi c nhn c th t chnh sa, ti lp li cc
hin th thng tin, ng dng, ni dung theo s thch hoc ph hp vi cng vic ca
mnh.
-Tch hp v lin kt nhiu loi thng tin: cho php tch hp ni dung thng tin t
nhiu ngun tin khc nhau nhm phc v nhiu i tng s dng theo ng cnh s
dng da vo kt qu c nhn ha thng tin. Portal cung cp mt mi trng tch hp
ton b cc ng dng Web ang c. Kha cnh tch hp ny bao gm h tr truy cp
mt ln (mt cng), k c cc ti nguyn, trang Web bn ngoi, h tr cc dch v Web
v c th hiu Portal mng li mt ng dng c tch hp.

20/53

-Xut bn thng tin: Thu thp v bc tch thng tin nh chun t nhiu ngun khc
nhau v c c ch xut bn thng tin theo chun. H thng tin tc c cp nht cho h
thng Portal bng nhiu hnh thc nh sau.
-Thng qua h thng bin tp vin s dng cc tnh nng ca h thng CMS xy
dng ni dung.
-C ch tch hp tin tc t website khc bng cch p dng cc chun trao i tin tc
thng dng nh RSS (RDF Site Summary) v/hoc Atom feed.
-H tr RSS c hai chiu Ngi dng (Client ) v nh cung cp (Server) cho php cc
website mc di cng c th dng li tin tc ca Cng bng cch s dng cng c ch
ny.
-Thng qua cc h thng chun h tr sn ca h thng Portal nh web service, web
cliping.
-nh dng RSS (Rich Site Summary) c xy dng da trn ngn ng nh du m
rng XML nhm to ra cc knh thng tin (feed) v chuyn ti cho ngi c. RSS
c Netscape pht trin vo cui nhng nm 90s, hot ng theo hng tinh gin, rt
gn cc trang in t (ch ly tiu , loi b nh, nh dng trang tr). Ni dung ny c
th c chuyn trc tip ti ngi c hoc gn trn cc website khc vi ng dn
ngc tr li website ban u.
-ng nhp mt ln (single sign-on): cho php ngi dng ch cn ng nhp mt
ln, sau truy cp v s dng tt c cc dch v/nghip v v s ng k/cp php
trn cng thng tin. Portal phi tch hp hoc cung cp h thng ng nhp mt ln
(mt ca). Ni cch khc, Portal s ly thng tin v ngi s dng t cc dch v th
mc nh LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), NDS (Domain Name System)
hoc AD (Active Directory).
-Qun tr cng thng tin: cho php ngi qun tr, ngi dng t xc nh, iu chnh
cch thc hin th knh thng tin, ni dung thng tin v nh dng chi tit ha, ng
thi cho php ngi qun tr nh ngha cc nhm ngi dng, quyn truy cp v s
dng thng tin khc nhau.
-Qun l ngi dng: cho php qun tr ngi s dng da trn tiu chun LDAP
phn quyn s dng theo vai tr thng nht v xuyn sut ton b h thng.
-H tr nhiu mi trng hin th thng tin: cho php hin th ni dung thng tin trn
nhiu loi thit b khc nhau nh mn hnh my tnh PC, thit b di ng (PDA, Smart
phone) mt cch t ng. Portal phi kh nng vn hnh a nn, a phng tin. Cho
php ngi s dng c th s dng nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau, thng quan cc trnh

21/53

duyt web khc nhau truy xut vo Portal. Bao gm c cc phng tin nh in
thoi di ng, cc loi my tnh cm tay, PDAs (Personal Digital Assitant) khng dy.
-Kh nng bo mt: Portal phi cung cp c cc h thng xc thc v cp php rt
mnh. Bt k s tch hp cc h thng no, vi c ch ng nhp mt ln, u phi c
bo mt v ngn chn cc giao dch khng hp l ca ngi s dng trn cc ng dng
khc nhau.
-Cc tnh nng ca mt ng dng ln: Portal p ng c cc tnh nng chun ca
mt phn mm ng dng ln nh: Kh nng p ng c d tha d liu, kh nng
chu li, kh nng cn bng ti (chia lung x l), kh nng sao lu.
-Kh nng cng tc: Portal l mt mi trng lm vic cng tc c to ra nh cc
knh dch v c tch hp sn nh:
-Email: H thng email ni b hoc tch hp vi mt ng dng Mail Server.
-Chat: H tr trao i trc tuyn vi cc thnh vin, c th tu bin theo yu cu ca s
thch hoc cng vic.
-Forum: Cc din n tho lun chung trao i kin v thng tin. Cc din n c
th t di s kim duyt, m cho tham d t do hoc ch cho php cc thnh vin ni
b ca mt nhm tham gia.
-Thi gian biu, lch lm vic
-SMS, MMS: Tch hp cc dch v truyn nhn cc tin nhn (messages) h tr cho
vic trao i thng tin, giao hoc nhc vic.
Mc ich v nhim v c bn ca cng thng tin cho CPT l
-Cung cp thng tin v cc dch v cng cho ngi dn (G2C)
-Cung cp thng tin v cc dch v cng cho doanh nghip (G2B)
-Cung cp thng tin v cc dch v x l nghip v, tng tc, chia s v phn tch thng
tin ca cc cn b, cng chc trong mt CQNN (G2G)
-Kim tra theo di hot ng vn hnh h thng thng tin in t ca cc CQNN gip
a cc h thng thng tin in t vo hot ng thng xuyn, hiu qu.
-Lm u mi duy nht ( im truy cp mt ca ) ca Chnh ph, B, Tnh v thng
tin, dch v ca CQNN.

22/53

-Thng nht cc ni dung thng tin v dch v thng tin trn cng, bo m cng ng
vai tr tch hp v trao i thng tin gia cc h thng thng tin in t trong CQNN.
-Bo m vic trao i thng tin vi cng thng tin in t Chnh ph, gp phn hon
thin cng thng tin in t Chnh ph vi vai tr cng c ch o iu hnh ca Th
tng Chnh ph.
-Chun ha thng nht phn mm cng thng tin in t ca CQNN, nhm trnh c
tnh trng u t xy dng phn mm cng thng tin in t theo cc quy chun, tiu
chun khc nhau.

So snh Portal vi cng ngh website truyn thng

Kin trc ca mt h thng ng dng web truyn thng c m t nh hnh sau:

Website truyn thng

Vi kin trc ny, cc ng dng c ci t ti Application Server, mi ng dng l

c lp v tng tc, trao i d liu vi nhau hoc vi cc h thng bn ngoi (external
systems) thng qua h qun tr c s d liu (RDBMS) hoc knh thng tin c c
t ring cho tng ng dng. M hnh ng dng web v mt kin trc kh ging vi
m hnh client/server, ngoi tr vic client l browser bt k. Ngi s dng dng trnh
duyt (browsers) truy vn (reqquest) thng tin thng qua mng internet trn my ch
web (Web Server), my ch web tip nhn v chuyn thng tin ny cho my ch ng
dng (Application Server), my ch ng dng thc hin cc tnh ton logic v chuyn
tr kt qu v cho my ch web phn hi (response) cho ngi truy cp.
Website v ang ng gp rt ln vo vic ph cp thng tin, nh gii thiu tin tc,
cc c s d liu, v mt s chng trnh ng dng trn mng. Web site lm thay i
c th gii t khi xut hin vo u nhng nm 90 ca th k trc. Ngy nay mi giao
tip thng qua web site tr thnh ph bin. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th gi mt s ln
cc web site l web site truyn thng bi nhng mt tn ti do cng ngh c:

23/53

-Ngi dng v ang phi chp nhn vi s qu ti thng tin c ngha l ngi
dng thng phi duyt qua rt nhiu cc website khc nhau, phi x l mt khi lng
khng l cc thng tin tm ra thng tin m mnh cn.
-Ngi dng phi chp nhn l cc thng tin thng ng c lp, khng th phn loi
c (taxonomy), dn n rt kh chia s thng tin cho nhau. L do ca vn trn l
cch trnh din thng tin (format) trn cc website thng l rt khc nhau.
-Vic qun l, bo tr v pht trin cc website thng gp nhiu kh khn do s tng
trng n chng mt ca thng tin trn cc website.
-Kh c th tch hp cc thng tin, dch v t nhiu ni nh t cc trung tm mt ca,
t cc n v trc thuc, ln mt ni t ngi dn c th tm thy cc thng tin,
dch v cho mnh.
-L im xut pht trong l trnh m ngi dng i tm thng tin (departure), v c
dn trn mng qua cc link.
-Khng to c quan h, ngi dng khng gn b vi ch nhn ca Website (khng
c tnh c nhn ha).
-Thch hp cho ph bin thng tin hn l cung cp mi trng cng tc cho ngi dng.
-Qui m dch v nh, khng bo ton u t. Khi yu cu thay i v ni dung thng
tin, loi hnh dch v, v.v...thng phi xy dng li Website mi.
-Khng c kh nng cung cp mt nn tng t c th lun lun pht trin v m
rng.
Tm li, website c pht trin bng cc cng ngh c v mi, trong c nhiu
cng ngh li thi. iu cn bn l web site KHNG c nn tng cng ngh tch hp
h tr tnh cht pht trin k tha v kh nng ghp ni m rng. cng gii
thch mt phn l do ti sao ngi ta pht trin cng ngh Cng thng tin in t thay
th cho cng ngh web.
Cng ngh portal pht trin sau thi k web khong 7-8 nm nh mt tt yu xut pht
t nhu cu thc t. Portal l mt bc tin ha ca website truyn thng. N ra i
gii quyt nhng vn m website truyn thng gp phi.
-L "siu web site, gi y l Portal website, gi tt l Portal, i vi ngi dng
vn ch l trang web qua web browser. Thay i thut ng v quan nim mi.

24/53

-L im ch qui t hu ht cc thng tin v dch v cho ngi s dng cn (true

destination). Thng tin v dch v c phn loi nhm thun tin cho tm kim v hn
ch vi lp cc thng tin.
-Bo ton u t lu di. C nn tng cng ngh m bo.
-Mi trng ch ng dng cho vic tch hp ng dng.

Tng quan v cc cng ngh Portal

Song song vi cng ngh website truyn thng (hin c nhiu hn ch), theo nhng
thng k cha y , cng ngh portal v cc pht trin ng dng theo hng kin trc
portal hin ang ngy cng ph bin trn th gii v Vit Nam, tr thnh tro lu cng
ngh v kinh doanh ph bin trn Internet. Xu hng chung l a s cc nh qun l cao
cp ca cc t chc, doanh nghip, cng nh cc cng ty pht trin phn mm s cng
chia s cc khi nim v li th ca portal cng hin v li ch ca ngi dn, cc c
nhn, t chc v doanh nghip.
i vi cc sn phm portal trn th trng Vit Nam hin nay c 3 nhm chnh:
-Nhm phn mm do cc cng ty trong nc t pht trin
-Nhm phn mm da trn nn m ngun m
-Nhm phn mm do cc hng c uy tn pht trin
Phn mm do cc cng ty trong nc t pht trin
Phn tch mt s phn mm nn Portal ca cc cng ty trong nc pht trin nh
WebCMS, MDS VietPortal, ISA-Web, AMIS Portal chng ti a ra mt s nhn xt
sau:
u im
-Chi ph thp
-Kin trc n gin, c th yu cu b sung thm cc tnh nng mi.
Nhc im
-Tnh nng hn ch. Hin c mt s phn mm Portal thuc loi ny nhng ch yu
ch tp trung vo cc chc nng ca mt h qun tr ni dung trn web (Web Content
Management System - CMS). Nhng tnh nng Portal nh tch hp ng dng, tch hp

25/53

CSDL, c nhn ho, ng nhp mt ca, tm kim v c bit l kh nng bo mt,...

khng c hoc yu.
-Cha c kim chng v hiu nng cng nh kh nng m rng v tnh tng thch.
Phn mm pht trin da trn nn m ngun m
Phn tch, nh gi mt s sn phm hin nay mt s cng ty trong nc pht trin da
trn nn m ngun m, trong ng ch l cc sn phm:
-VPortal ca Cng ty C phn phn mm Vit (VietSoftware) pht trin da trn h
thng phn mm m ngun m uPortal, c bit phin bn mi VPortal 3.0 ch pht
trin trn h thng m ngun m Liferay Portal, tng thch 100% vi chun JSR 168.
Sn phm c trin khai ti Cng giao tip H Ni (http://www.hanoi.gov.vn),
B T php (www.moj.gov.vn), B Thng mi (www.mot.gov.vn), tnh Ph Th
(www.phutho.gov.vn) v portal cho mt B ngnh v mt s tnh thnh trong c nc.
-Cng ty FPT trin khai Cng thng tin in t cho cc Hi quan -TVIS ca Cng ty
Cng ngh tin hc Tinh Vn. Tinh Vn trin khai cho mng thng tin tch hp trn
internet ca TP H Ch Minh (http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn), website ca B Ngoi
giao (http://www.mofa.gov.vn) v nhiu n v khc -iCMS, DTT Portal ca Cng ty
Vinacom-3C_SmartPortal ca Cng ty 3C.
u im
-Chi ph thp
-Tnh nng kh y do c nhiu thnh phn m ngun m pht trin sn (min ph).
-C cc ng dng c pht trin phong ph, ph hp vi nhu cu ng dng, tin hc
ha trong cc c quan hnh chnh ca Vit Nam.
-Hiu nng tng i tt, thch hp vi cc Portal quy m tm trung v va.
-Chy c trn nhiu mi trng khc nhau (h iu hnh, c s d liu).
-C s h tr ca cng ng m ngun m.
Nhc im
-Kh nng tch hp vi cc ng dng thng mi thng khng mnh.
-Tnh nng khng phong ph bng cc sn phm thng mi.

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-T do chnh sa m ngun i khi lm cho sn phm khng tng thch vi cc tiu

chun chung ca mt portal.
-Cng ngh phc tp hn so vi gii php t pht trin. V vy nu la chn phn mm
loi ny cn xem xt k kh nng lm ch cng ngh ca cng ty pht trin phn mm.
Phn mm thng mi do cc hng c uy tn pht trin.
Hin c mt s sn phm: BEA WebLogic Portal 8.1, IBM WebSphere Portal
6.0, Microsoft SharePoint Portal 2007, OracleAS Portal 10G, Plumtree Enterprise Web
Suite, Sun Java System Portal Server 6.2, Vignette Application Portal 7.0.
Nhng sn phm ny thng c la chn v nhng l do chnh sau:
-C quan hin ang c rt nhiu h thng thng tin chuyn ngnh ang hot ng (rt
nhiu ngun thng tin sn sng cng b) v nhng h thng thng tin ny c
xy dng trn cc nn tng cng ngh khc nhau. Khi vic tch hp h thng l mt
i hi bt buc, v gii php c la chn phi l gii php cung cp c nhiu kiu
tch hp h thng khc nhau.
-Quy trnh s l cng vic hng ngy trn c s thng tin s ang thnh quy ch bt
buc.
-C quan phi c trnh ng dng CNTT cao, c bit l c b phn chuyn trch v
CNTT c tay ngh cao, bi v vic qun tr h thng ca nhng phn mm ny l kh
phc tp, i hi mc chuyn su kh cao.
-H thng thng tin c kch thc ln, phc tp: s lng chc nng phi phong ph
p ng nhiu nhu cu thng tin ca nhiu nhm ngi s dng khc nhau, khi lng
thng tin khng l, s lng ngi s dng m h thng phi phc v l rt ln.
u im ca nhng sn phn ny l:
-Tnh nng ca nhng sn phn ny l rt phong ph chuyn nghip, p ng hu ht
cc nhu cu v ph bin thng tin ca mi c quan, t chc. Cho php xy dng h
thng thng tin ln.
-Hot ng n nh, tin cy, tc p ng thng tin cao
-y tnh nng xy dng Portal thng tin doanh nghip hoc Portal cng cng
-C hiu nng cao, nht l nhng phn mm Portal c tch hp trong mt nn tng
(platform) hon chnh bao gm c Application Server, Database Server, Authentication
Server, Mail Server.
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-Kh nng tch hp ng dng v tch hp CSDL rt tt. Thng khng cn hoc ch
cn rt t cng vic lp trnh do cc phn mm ny c sn nhiu b kt ni vi cc
Application Server v cc h qun tr CSDL ph bin.
Nhc im
-i hi phi c u t ln ngay t u. u t ny khng ch xt trn kha cnh mua
bn quyn phn mm, m cc kha cnh: Khinh ph to lp v duy tr ni dung, c b
phn chuyn trch lo v k thut, b phn chuyn trch lo v ni dung, c quy trnh, ni
quy bin tp v xut bn thng tin hon chnh v c tnh php l.
-Phi c k hoch c th khai thc, s dng ht cng sut nhng phn mm ny ngay
t u, nu khng s dn n lng ph. Kh khn thng gp phi l tnh kh thi ca k
hoch xy dng cc h thng thng tin ngun trong mt thi gian ngn (thng ch 1-2
nm), nht l i vi iu kin v mi trng ng dng CNTT ti Vit Nam hin nay.
-Gi t. Ngoi gi mua phn mm Portal, mt s phn mm loi ny i hi phi c
mt s thnh phn i km khc nh Database Server, Directory Server, Mail Server. Chi
ph h tr k thut cao hn rt nhiu so vi cc sn phm do cng ty trong nc pht
trin.
Gii thiu phn mm Websphere Portal
y l phn mm ca hng IBM (Hoa K - http://www.ibm.com), dn u v doanh s
trn th trng th gii, WebSphere Portal cung cp cc tnh nng nh sau:
-Cho php ngi s dng xy dng cc ng dng theo chun portlet bng phn h
WebSphere Portlet Factory Designer. ng dng c xy dng nhanh chng trn c s
h thng thng tin sn c.
-Cc portlet bn trong WebSphere Portal c th c lu thnh mu s dng li trong
trang khc, trnh vic thit lp nhiu ln.
-ng dng Workplace Web Content Management cung cp kh nng son tho trang
web trc quan, n gin ha vic cp nht ni dung theo mu, tng cng kh nng tm
kim ni dung thng tin.
-ng dng qun l ti liu tch hp cht ch vi cc phn mm vn phng ca Microsoft
qua knh thng tin c bo mt, t phin bn Office 97 tr i, gip ngi dng trnh
c vic nng cp phin bn Office nhm tit kim chi ph khi trin khai.
-Kh nng xy dng quy trnh lun chuyn vn bn, cho php n v nh ngha quy
trnh ph hp vi nghip v v xy dng cc quy trnh mi khi cn.

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-Tch hp tnh nng xy dng biu mu v quy trnh x l cc biu mu in t trn

mng, gip n v xc lp cc quy trnh dch v hnh chnh cng in t d dng.
-H thng trao i thng tin qua nhiu knh mnh m, gip ngi s dng c th tng
tc vi nhau n gin v nhanh chng.
-Qun l s lng trang thng tin ln hn 40.000 m khng nh hng ti tc p
ng ca h thng.
SharePoint Portal
SharePoint Portal l phn mm Portal c xy dng bi hng phn mm Microsoft,
cung cp y cc tnh nng thit yu cho mt cng thng tin in t. Ngoi ra phn
mm ny cn kt hp cht ch vi b ng dng vn phng Microsoft Office ang c
s dng ph bin hin nay nhm n gin ha thao tc ca ngi s dng trong vic
xut bn thng tin.
SharePoint Portal Server tch hp sn sng tnh nng qun l quy trnh (workflow),
ngoi ra c th kt hp thm vi phn mm Microsoft Form Server xy dng cc
biu mu in t v quy trnh lun chuyn cc biu mu . Cc tnh nng ch cht ca
SharePoint Portal Server:
-Ty bin giao din, cho php c nhn ha hnh thc hin th ca trang thng tin ph
hp vi nhu cu ca tng ngi dng, tng cng ng.
-RSS: tt c thng tin cung cp trong SharePoint Portal Server u h tr kh nng RSS,
cho php chng trnh RSS Feeds c th truy xut thng tin nhanh chng.
-T ng to Site Map, ngi qun tr h thng khng cn phi cp nht thng tin Site
Map mi khi c iu chnh thng tin trn cng
-Thng tin ngi s dng c lu tr trong User Profile Store gip cung cp c ch
phn quyn v bo mt d dng, thch hp vi vic phn quyn chi tit n tng ni
dung thng tin.
-Cung cp kh nng qun l trang, duyt trang, quyn truy cp trang thng tin cng cc
cng c trc quan n gin ha qu trnh qun tr giao din hin th trang.
-H tr hin th thng tin trn thit b di ng.
-Tch hp cht ch vi b ng dng vn phng Microsoft Office.
-Kh nng tm kim ton vn hn 200 loi vn bn ti liu khc nhau.

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-Cung cp kh nng qun l quy trnh (workflow) ton din, cho php t ng ha ton
b cc thao tc bin son, trnh k, ph duyt cc loi vn bn, chc nng ny khi kt
hp vi Microsoft Form Server c th xy dng ln cc quy trnh x l biu mu in
t nhanh chng v d dng.
-Son tho ni dung bng giao din trc quan.
DotNetNuke
DotNetNuke l portal ngun m vit trn nn .Net, mt mi trng lp trnh v t chc
cc h thng thng tin rt ni tin v rt thng dng trn th gii ni chung v Vit
Nam ni ring. Hin tai cng ng ngi s dng sn phm ny thuc loi ng nht
trn th gii.
Tng t nh vy, cc sn phm uPortal, Liferay cng l nhng Portal ngun m nhng
khc vi DotNetNuke ch chng c vit trn JAVA, mt mi trng lp trnh v t
chc cc ht hng thng tin kh thng dng trn th gii tic rng cha ph cp Vit
Nam. Hin tai cng n ngi s dng dng nhng sn phm u tin l kh ng o,
nhng hin nay th cng ng DotNetNuke ng hn.
Nhng sn phm ny c chn v nhng l do sau:
-C quan hin mi dng CNTT mc khim tn xt trn cc kha cnh: nng lc
t chc ni dung s (quy trnh, chnh sch php l, ngun thng tin,) v nng lc
khai thc, s dng thnh tho cc sn phm CNTT (ca cn b qun tr h thng, ca
ngi khai thc h thng). Vic u t ln ngay t u thng dn n lng ph bi v
h thng s thiu ni dung khi vn hnh hoc h thng c t ngi khai thc do chnh
CNTT hn ch hoc cha hnh thnh thi quen.
-Quy trnh x l cng vic hng ngy trn c s thng tin s mi ang hnh thnh v
mi mc khuyn khch s dng, cha phi bt buc.
-Cc h thng thng tin chuyn ngnh to ngun cho thng tin cha nhiu, v l trnh
xy dng nhng h thng thng tin chuyn ngnh ny l cha r rng, nht l cha th
xy dng trong mt thi gian ngn.
-Nhu cu khai thc thng tin, chc nng khai thc thng tin v s lng ngi khai thc
thng tin cha phi ln ngay t u, n cn c hnh thnh, cng c m rng dn theo
thi gian.
u im l
-Khng i hi phi c u t ngay t u. C th trnh c lng ph nu xy dng
c k hoch pht trin ni dng thch hp
30/53

-H thng c th va khai thc s dng, va b sung thm chc nng, m rng thm
ngun thng tin ph hp vi l trnh u t v l trnh nng cao trnh s dng CNTT
ca c quan/t chc.
-Sn phm l min ph v c m ngun m c th chnh sa. Tuy nhin, u th v
c m ngun cng khng thc s l u th bi v rt him chuyn gia Vit Nam c kh
nng chnh sa nhng m ngun ny.
Nhc im ca nhng sn phm ny l:
-Tnh nng ca nhng sn phm ny l hn ch, mi ch p ng nhng nhu cu c bn
nht ca t chc v ph bin thng tin.
-Cn phi lp trnh pht trin cc chc nng m sn phm m ngun m cha cung cp,
nht l cc module thc hin cc chc nng tch hp vi cc h thng thng tin ang
hot ng.
-Mc n nh, tin cy, tc p ng thng tin khng cao bng nhng sn phm bn
quyn.

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Gii thiu v dotnetnuke Portal

Gii thiu chung
DotNetNuke l mt h thng qun l ni dung m ngun m vit bng ngn ng lp
trnh VB.NET trn nn tng ASP.NET. DotNetNuke c nh gi l h thng qun tr
ni dung m ngun m .NET pht trin mnh nht hin nay vi s lng thnh vin
ng o v pht trin rt nhanh trn khp th gii.
DotNetNuke (DNN) l mt sn phm m ngun m pht trin cc sn phm phn
mm cng thng tin in t - Portal. Cng thng tin in t DotNetNuke Portal l mt
sn phm m ngun m ng u th gii hin ang c s dng bii hng nghn t
chc trn th gii.

c tnh ni bt ca DotNetNuke (DNN)

a nng DNN l mt c s h tng l tng ca ng dng Portal xy dng v trin
khai cc d n nh cng thng tin thng mi in t, cng thng tin chnh ph in t,
cng thng tin cng tc trong mt t chc, trn cc mng internet, intranet, extranet.
Thn thin DNN c thit k gip ngi qun tr d dng cu hnh v qun tr
mi chc nng ng dng cng thng tin in t. Cc biu tng, tr gip, giao din, cho
php thao tc rt d dng.
Tnh m ca h thng - Kt cu cc tnh nng ca DNN da trn kh nng cho php ci
t cc module chc nng (Module installtion) vo bn trong phn mm khung (Plugin). Nhng module chc nng ny hoc l nhng module do nh lp trnh t pht trin
(thng l cc module c bn nht) hoc l nhng module do nh lp trnh t pht trin
(thng l cc module chuyn dng, c xy dng theo mc ch x l, thng tin c
th hoc nhng yu cu qun l thng tin mang tnh chuyn nghip hn so vi nhng
module min ph). c tnh Plug-in ny cho php cc t chc m rng khng gii hn
cc tnh nng mi theo yu cu ca ngi s dng v khng h lm nh hng n cc
chc nng ang hot ng, khng h lm gin on s vn hnh lin tc ca Portal
Thm vo , kin trc DNN cng cho php to lp nhiu Portal trn cng mt b phn
mm ci t. Ngi qun tr c th qun l mt hay nhiu Portal khc nhau vi nhng
tnh nng v giao din khc nhau. Mi Portal con ny c h thng ngi s dng ring,
bao gm c ngi qun tr, v c giao din, ngn ng trnh by ring.

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Giu tnh nng DNN c xy dng cng vi nhiu tnh nng mnh m, Qun tr,
thit k, ni dung, bo mt v ngi dng c qun l sa i d dng qua cc cng
c ny.
Giao din tu bin DNN c thit k vi kin trc s dng Skin (giao din bn
ngoi) cho php tch bit ni dung v giao din. Kin trc ny cho php ngi thit k
giao din c k nng lm vic c lp vi qu trnh pht trin v ch i hi v kin thc
HTML cng vi kin thc thit k Skin ca DNN. Ch cn ngi qun tr thc hin thay
i Skin ca h thng sn phm Portal ang khai thc ngay lp tc s c giao din mi.
Qu trnh thay i Skin ny i khng h lm nh hng n cc chc nng ang hot
ng, khng h lm gin on s vn hnh lin tc ca Portal
c h tr tt DNN c h tr bi rt nhiu t chc/c nhn pht trin phn mm
trn th gii. Trong cc din n trc tuyn, cc cng thng tin, mng li cng ty
chuyn nghip v DNN, vic h tr k thut cho dnn l kh d dng v thun tin.
D ci t DNN c th ci t v chy ch trong vng vi chc pht. Mt trong nhng
im mnh ca DNN l kh nng xy dng mt Portal thng qua nhng Template sn
c.
a ngn ng hay kh nng bn a ho Trong thit k DNN hng n vic h
tr a ngn ng qua c ch Language Packs ca h thng. C ch ny mang li kh
nng bn a ho cc module ca DNN v ca c chnh phn mm khung. Ni mt cch
khc, DNN cung cp cng c dch ng c thut ng t ngn ng ny sang ngn ng
khc d dng nhanh chng.
M ngun m - DNN c cung cp min ph, l phn mm m ngun m, v cp php
cam k BSD chun. N cho php cc c nhn lm bt k vic g h mun vi nn ng
dng, c thng mi ln phi thng mi, vi yu cu n gin l ghi nhn cng lao ca
cng ng thc hin d n DNN
c tn nhim DNN l mt thng hiu ni ting v c tn trng rng ri trong
cng ng m ngun m. Vi hn 390.000 thnh vin v mt i ng lp trnh ti nng,
DNN lin tc pht trin sn phm da trn s phn hi, ng dng thc t v s tham gia
ca ngi dng.

Kin trc h thng DNN

Kin trc h thng ca DNN c phn tng s l d liu rt tng minh, mng li kh
nng mm do lp trnh pht trin h thng.

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Tng truy xut d liu Data Access Layer (DAL)

-Tng ny bao gm cc phng thc n gin kt ni cc CSDL khc nhau (database
Engine) vi tng quy trnh s l d liu.
-Gii php ny cho php h thng DNN l c lp vi gii php t chc CSDL bn di,
V d nh Microsoft SQL Server 2000/MSDE/Access, mQL, Oracle,.
Tng quy trnh x l d liu Business Logic Layer (BLL)
-Tng ny bao gm cc phng thc cho php nh ngha cc quy trnh x l d liu
mc logic bo m rng d liu c t chc qun l v x l m phng theo, tun
th theo cc quy nh qun l, x l cng vic trong hot ng kinh doanh hng ngy
ang p dng tai c quan.
-Gii php ny cho php xy dng cc quy trnh x l d liu c lp vi cc t chc
d liu vt l ca h thng.
Tng trnh din thng tin Presetation layer (UI)

34/53

-Tng ny bao gm cc phng thc to lp cc cch thc trnh din thng tin cho ngi
s dng, qun l cc vai tr, quyn hn x l thng tin ca ngi s dng, qun l tng
tc ca h thng vi ngi s dng.
-Giao tip vi tng quy trnh x l d liu chuyn yu cu thng tin ca ngi s
dng ti tng quy trnh x l, nhn kt qu s l v hin th cho ngi s dng.
Trn c s cng ngh v sn phm Portal la chn, cng ngh nn pht trin
v trin khai h thng nh sau: Ngn ng lp trnh C#.Net, VB.Net pht trin
cc module chc nng. C s d liu Microsoft SQL Server 2000/2003/2005 hoc
Microsoft SQL Desktop 2000/2003 (MSDE)/ Express (2005) (bn min ph, nhng chc
nng hn ch hn so vi Microsoft SQL Server 2000).

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M hnh kin trc h thng cng thng tin

in t
M hnh tng qut cng thng tin in t

M hnh tng tc Cng in t

36/53

37/53

M t H thng c t chc theo m hnh trung tm d liu, c chia thnh cc phn

vng. Cc phn vng kt ni vi nhau thng qua tng la (Firewall) trung tm. T h
thng kt ni ra ngoi thng qua ng truy cp dch v (ngi dng bn ngoi truy cp
vo h thng Portal Internet cng cng) v kt ni vi cc n v cp di thng qua
ng VPN. Da trn cu hnh h thng m t trn, cc thit b cn thit s bao gm
cc my ch (Server) v cc thit b mng.
STT

Tn thit
M t chc nng
b

01

Gateway
firewall

Cc phn vng h thng kt ni thng qua Firewall, l trung tm an

ninh ca ton b h thng.

02

Multi
Service
Router

Tip nhn kt ni t ng truy cp dch v.

03

Cc my
ch
(Server)

Cc my ch thc hin cc chc nng khc nhau ca h thng nh

my ch Web (Web Server), my ch c s d liu (database
server).

38/53

M hnh cc thnh phn k thut Portal

Gii thch m hnh:

1. Lp Ngi s dng: th hin cc i tng tham gia s dng, khai thc v cung cp
thng tin trn Cng.
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2. Lp Trnh din: Tng trnh din chu trch nhim v cung cp giao din cho nhiu
loi ngi dng khc nhau, c nhim v ly cc yu cu, d liu t ngi dng, c
th nh dng n theo nhng qui tc n gin (dng cc ngn ng Script) v gi cc
component thch hp t tng Business Logic x l cc yu cu. Kt qu sau x l
c tr li cho ngi dng. Lp ny bao gm cc module chnh sau:
a. C nhn ha: module cho php ngi s dng ng nhp ty bin ni dung v giao
din theo tng c nhn.
b. T hp trang da trn knh: module thc hin hin th thng tin theo knh p ng
yu cu ca ngi s dng khai thc thng tin. To trang hin th tng hp da trn c
ch t hp d liu v kiu hin th ca cc knh thnh phn.
c.RSS/XML: module cho php Cng TTT xut thng tin di dng RSS/XML sn
sng ng b vi cc Cng TTT hay website khc.
d.Trnh by cc dch v web: module kt xut, hin th ni dung nhn nhn c thng
qua cc dch v web Webservices.
e. Xut bn ni dung: module thc hin chc nng lin kt vi h thng qun tr ni
dung xut bn thng tin ln Cng TTT.
Tm kim: module cho php tm kim ton vn cc loi thng tin trn Cng TTT, cc
thng tin c th l tin tc, thng tin chuyn ngnh, vn bn, cu hi,
Qun tr h thng: qun l cc thng tin lin quan ti cu hnh chung ca Cng TTT
nh: ti khon, knh thng tin, yu cu truy xut thng tin, khun mu, phin lm vic,
trng thi, d liu c nhn, ty bin c nhn ha ca ngi s dng.
Qun l Portlet (ng dng): Thc hin qun l cc knh ng dng, xut bn knh,
module m rng. Ngoi ra, module ny cn thc hin vic x l d liu v thng tin
hin th trn tng knh c x l ti m v tng tc d liu.
An ninh/Bo mt: x l thng tin m ha v bo mt theo yu cu. c bit l cc giao
dch c yu t bo mt trn s dng cc cng ngh HTTPS hay SSL.
Tch hp thng tin: m un thc hin vic tch hp thng tin nh: thng tin t cc phn
mm dng chung, phn mm tc nghip, trang web thnh phn hoc t h qun tr ni
dung CMS t ngay ti Trung tm thng tin ca t chc, doanh nghip.
3. Lp Dch v Cng: thc hin cc quy trnh tc nghip, nghip v, x l, tch hp
thng tin, qun l cu hnh, qun tr h thng.

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4. Lp Dch v d liu: bao gm cc dch v nn tng h tr vn hnh h thng Cng

TTT. Cc dch v nn tng h tr bao gm:
k.Enterprise Directory: cung cp dch v th mc h tr kh nng thm nh/xc thc ti
khon trong h thng, cho php tch hp vi cc h thng ngi dng Active Directory
(AD) trn Windows hoc dch v th mc Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP) trn cc h iu hnh Unix/Linux.
l. Portal metadata: thc hin vic lu tr hai loi thng tin c bn: thng tin cu hnh h
thng Cng TTT v thng tin d liu s dng ngay trong Cng TTT.
m. External Content: tch hp v/hoc lin kt cc ngun ti nguyn bn ngoi di
dng cc trang web kt xut, hin th trn Cng TTT.
5. Lp C s d liu:gm cc h thng CSDL phc v lu tr cc loi d liu ca ton
h thng.
n. C s d liu ngi dng trn AD/LDAP
o. C s d liu Portal trn SQL Server, Oracle, My SQL, PostgreSQL,
p. D liu bn ngoi: cc tp vn bn, trang web (html)

41/53

Chc nng cng thng tin chnh ph in t

c nhn ha
ng nhp mt ln, xc thc v phn quyn: ngi s dng ng nhp mt ln sau
truy cp s dng cc dch v trn cng thng tin mt cch thng nht. p dng c ch
phn quyn truy cp theo vai tr da trn quy trnh cng vic xuyn sut trong h thng
cng li v tng cc dch v ng dng
Qun l cng thng tin v trang thng tin:Cung cp kh nng qun l nhiu cng v
trang thng tin hot ng trong h thng:
-Qun tr cng
-Qun tr knh thng tin
-Qun tr cc trang
-Qun tr cc module chc nng
-Qun tr cc mu giao din
-Qun tr cc mu hin th ni dung
-Qun tr ngn ng
-Qun tr cc quyn v ngi/nhm ngi s dng
-Qun tr cc quy trnh v lung kim duyt cc ni dung thng tin
-Thit lp v qun tr danh sch danh mc ni dung thng tin
-Thit lp v qun tr cc loi menu
Qun l cu hnh: cung cp kh nng khai bo v iu chnh cc module nghip v h
tr hot ng bn trong Cng thng tin
-Cho php ci t/g b cc khi chc nng trong khi h thng ang hot ng;cc mu
giao din;cc loi ngn ng;cc kiu hin th ni dung;quyn qun tr h thng linh hot
-Cho php nh ngha cc quy trnh x l cng vic v xut bn thng tin

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-Mi module chc nng cho php ci t trn nhiu trang

-H tr kh nng nh ngha v phn quyn theo vai tr
- H tr kh nng tm kim Vit/Anh theo chun unicode TCVN 6909:2001 v tm kim
nng cao
-H tr kh nng bo mt cao. C c ch chng li cc loi tn cng ph bin trn mng
(SQL Injection, Flood, DDoS)
-C c ch qun l b m (caching) tng tc x l, nng cao hiu sut x l v
gim ti my ch ng dng -C c ch d phng cho h thng my ch ng dng v d
phng cho my ch CSDL (kh nng ci t my ch chnh v my ch sao lu theo m
hnh h thng cluster m bo c ch cn bng ti, sao lu d liu tc thi gia cc my
ch chnh v my ch sao lu)
Tch hp cc knh thng tin: Tch hp c nhiu knh thng tin t cc ngun khc
nhau ln cng thng tin s dng cc c ch tng tc nh chun. Thng qua chc
nng tch hp cung cp cc chc nng khc phc v hot ng xy dng cng, tch
hp cc thnh phn thng tin t hp thnh cc mn hnh hin th thng tin, quy
nh cc khu vc thng tin s hin th trn mu trang. V d nh chun cho chc nng
tch hp l Portlet, WSRP (i vi mi trng Java) hay WebPart (i vi mi trng
Windows.Net).
Chc nng tm kim thng tin: Tm kim thng tin trong tng min v trong ton b
cng thng tin.
Qun tr ngi dng: Qun tr ngi dng cho php ngi dng ng k ti khon
hoc qun tr cp ti khon cho ngi dng, lu tr cc thng tin di dng h s ngi
dng, cp quyn s dng theo vai tr v bo co hot ng ca tng ngi dng.
Thu thp v xut bn thng tin: Thu thp thng tin t nhiu ngun khc nhau, sau
c chun ha v lu tr vo CSDL s dng li cho cc dch v khc. Qu trnh
thu thp v bc tch thng tin vi cc nh dng c qui chun. ng thi cho php
xut bn thng tin theo chun RSS 2.0, khuyn ngh p dng chun ATOM 1.0 cho cc
dch v ng dng trong h thng. Cc dch v ng dng t ng xut bn thng tin vi
cc tiu ch khc nhau da trn XML mt cch thng nht.
Sao lu v phc hi d liu: Cung cp cng c cho ngi qun tr thc hin sao lu
nh k, sao lu t xut v cho php phc hi d liu theo phin bn c lu tr
khi cn thit hoc khi c s c xy ra.
Nht k theo di: Lu cc s kin (event log) din ra trong ton b h thng phc v
theo di, gim st v c phng n nhanh nht khi h thng gp s c.
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An ton, bo mt cng thng tin: thc hin cc c ch xc thc, cp php truy cp trn
cng thng tin, ng thi h tr c ch trao i thng tin, d liu c m ha m bo
an ton cho h thng cng thng tin trong qu trnh khai thc, vn hnh. Cc chun p
dng SSL 3.0 v HTTPS
Hin th thng tin theo cc loi thit b: Cung cp kh nng t ng hin th thng
tin theo cc loi thit b khc nhau nh PDA, Pocket PC, PC, tun th theo cc chun
HTML v4.01, XHTML v1.1, XSL v1.1 v WML 2.0
Qun tr v bin tp ni dung (CMS): Qun tr cc ni dung thng tin theo cc phn
loi khc nhau (category) phn loi thng tin v bi vit trn cng, ng thi cho
php nh ngha mt quy trnh bin tp v xut bn ni dung thng tin (CMS) cng
b thng tin trn cng.
Cung cp cc dch v ng dng (dch v cng): Sn sng cung cp cc dch v ng
dng thng qua tnh m ca h thng. Cc dch v ng dng l cc dch v hnh chnh
cng, c pht trin theo nhu cu, v cn thit cung cp thng qua cng thng tin vi
vai tr l im truy cp mt ca.
Cung cp cc knh dch v thng tin: Cc knh dch v thng tin c tch hp trc
tip trn cng thng tin. V d thng bo, qung co, th vin a phng tin, lin kt,
trng cu kin, din n, hi p.
Tch hp th in t: cung cp h thng th in t tch hp trn cng
Giao lu trc tuyn: dch v trao i trc tuyn gia chnh quyn v ngi dn
Hp th gp : ni gi th gp , phn nh ti cc lnh o v ngi qun l
Tin ch: thng tin thi tit, gi c, lch biu,. du lch, s kin

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Cung cp dch v hnh chnh cng trc

tuyn qua Portal
Dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn
Da theo m hnh tin ha 4 mc ca CPT (m hnh Gartner), mt dch v hnh chnh
cng c gi l trc tuyn trn cng thng tin in t nu n tha mn mt trong cc
iu kin sau:
-Cng thng tin in t c y thng tin v quy trnh, th tc thc hin dch v, cc
giy t cn thit, cc bc tin hnh, thi gian thc hin, chi ph thc hin dch v. (mc
1)
-Ngoi thng tin y nh mc 1, cng thng tin in t cho php ngi s dng
ti v cc mu n, h s ngi s dng c th in ra giy, hoc in vo cc mu
n. Vic np li h s sau khi hon thnh c thc hin qua ng bu in hoc
ngi s dng trc tip mang n c quan th l h s (mc 2)
-Ngoi thng tin y nh mc 1 v cc mu n, h s cho php ti v nh
mc 2, cng thng tin in t cn cho php ngi s dng in trc tuyn vo cc
mu n, h s v gi li trc tuyn cc mu n, h s sau khi in xong ti c quan
v ngi th l h s. Cc giao dch trong qu trnh th l h s v cung cp dch v
c thc hin qua mng. Tuy nhin, vic thanh ton chi ph v tr kt qu s c thc
hin khi ngi s dng dch v n trc tip c quan cung cp dch v. (mc 3)
-Ngoi thng tin y nh mc 1, cc mu n, h s cho php ti v nh mc
2, gi trc tuyn h s v thc hin cc giao dch qua mng nh mc 3, vic
thanh ton chi ph s c thc hin trc tuyn, vic tr kt qu c th thc hin trc
tuyn hoc gi qua ng bu in. (mc 4) Nh vy, mc 1 l mc n gin
nht ca dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn. Mc 4 l mc hon chnh nht ca
dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn, mc ny, ngi s dng c cung cp dch
v hon chnh m khng cn giao tip trc tip (gp mt) c quan cung cp dch v.
p dng trong hon cnh thc t ca Vit Nam hin nay, da trn hin trng ng dng
Internet, hin trng v cc dch v hnh chnh cng, vic thc hin trc tuyn cc dch
v nn c hon thin mc 3. Cc nguyn nhn chnh dn n vic kh c th xy
dng cc dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn hon chnh - mc 4, l:
-Cha c c ch xc nhn ngi s dng (v cha c c s d liu con ngi)
-Cha c kh nng thc hin thanh ton trc tuyn (chi ph cho dch v)
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-Mc an ton, bo mt cho cc giao dch trc tuyn i hi rt cao.

Chnh v vy, mc 3 l mc ph hp nht trin khai cc dch v hnh chnh
cng trc tuyn i vi Vit Nam.

Li ch khi xy dng cc dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn mc 3

Chnh ph in t l m hnh nhiu quc gia, trong c cc quc gia pht trin nht
trn th gii nh M, Anh, Php, c hng ti do cc li ch to ln m n c th mang
li. Tuy nhin, y ch k n mt s li ch thc tin khi trin khai cc dch v hnh
chnh cng trc tuyn mc 3:
-Gim thi gian gi/nhn h s, gim thi gian i li cho ngi s dng, do lm gim
thi gian v cng sc ca ngi s dng cc dch v hnh chnh cng. T lm tng
hiu sut v hiu qu ca cc c quan cung cp dch v.
-Tng tnh minh bch ca cc c quan cung cp dch v, v vi s pht trin ca cng
ngh thng tin, vic cung cp cc thng tin v trng thi hin ti ca quy trnh l hon
ton c th (cung cp thng tin h s ang nm phng ban no? ang c ai th l?
h s b tc khu no?...)
-Tng kh nng gim st ca cc c quan cp trn, v cc c quan cp trn c th kim
tra c tnh trng x l cc h s hin thi. T , lm tng tnh trch nhim ca cc
c quan cung cp dch v.
-To c hi cho vic ci cch hnh chnh, v khi thc hin a cc dch v hnh chnh
cng ln mng th cc quy trnh, th tc hnh chnh u c chun ha c th p
dng CNTT. Do , cc im bt cp ca quy trnh hin ti c th c pht hin v
l c hi ci cch hnh chnh thc hin ti thit k quy trnh.
-Hiu qu kinh t cho c ngi s dng dch v v c quan cung cp dch v, do c th
tit kim thi gian, cng sc, ct gim cc chi ph i li, chi ph vn phng phm, chi
ph nhn cng

Kh khn a cc dch v cng ln mng

a cc dch v hnh chnh cng ln mng l mt trong nhng mc tiu quan trng
ca k hoch pht trin chnh ph in t ni chung. Trong hon cnh hin ti ca Vit
Nam, vic trin khai cc dch v ln mng s gp cc kh khn sau y: Kh khn 1: C
ch xc nhn ngi dng, c th l hai vn sau:

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-Kim tra xem ngi ang s dng dch v trc tuyn c phi l ngi c nhu cu thc
s hay khng? Nu khng kim tra c iu ny c th dn n lng ph thi gian ca
ngi th l h s khi phi nhn cc h s khng c thc.
-Vi nhng ngi c nhu cu s dng dch v, kim tra xem thng tin h nhp vo h
thng c phi thng tin thc hay khng? Nu khng kim tra c iu ny c th dn
n vic cung cp dch v cho nhng ngi khng iu kin nhn dch v.
Gii php: cc nc m chnh ph in t pht trin n mt mc hon
chnh, cc c s d liu quc gia v con ngi, v t ai, v doanh nghip u sn
sng. Hn na, h tng kha cng khai v ch k in t sn sang. Khi vic kim
tra ngi s dng v cc thng tin ca ngi s dng l d dng. V d: Singapore,
Anh, ng nhp vo s dng h thng cc dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn th
ngi s dng phi c mt ti khon t trc . Tuy nhin, Vit Nam th cc c s
d liu ny cha c hoc cha hon chnh. Do , trong giai on trc mt, kim
tra tnh trung thc ca d liu th ngi s dng phi gi bn sao (scan hoc photo) ca
cc giy t nh Chng minh nhn dn, hoc H khu ngi th l h s kim tra nh
khi gii quyt cc th tc bng giy t.
Kh khn 2: Thi quen v nhn thc ca cc cn b trong c quan cung cp dch v.
Gii php: thay i thi quen v nhn thc ca cn b, cn thi gian v nhng c
ch chnh sch v thng/pht hp l.
Kh khn 3: Thi quen v nhn thc ca ngi s dng dch v.
Gii php: Cn c s h tr ca cc phng tin truyn thng i chng trong vic
tuyn truyn, qung co cho cc dch v trc tuyn.
Kh khn 4: Internet cha sn sng mi ni, mi lc Vit Nam.
Gii php 4: Trin khai cc dch v trc tuyn trc ht cc thnh ph ln, nhng
ni c trnh dn tr tng i pht trin, mt ngi s dng Internet cao. Sau khi
trin khai thnh cng nhng ni ny s tip tc rt kinh nghim nhn rng nhng
ni khc.
Kt lun
Trong chuyn ny, gii thiu khi nim v chnh ph in t v mt s ni dung
xy dng CPT Vit Nam. Chuyn c son cho sinh vin khoa CNTT nn cch
tip cn theo cch tm hiu quy trnh nghip v, t xc nh cc chc nng ca h
thng. CPT v sn phm cng ngh thng tin trc tip l cng in t c trnh
by sinh vin c th la chn ti, nh hng ngh nghip. H thng portal l mt
phn mm ln, phc tp nn trong phm vi mt chuyn khng th cp chi tit nh
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chuyn TMT. Tuy nhin n l nhng nh hng gip sinh vin c th la chn
ti thc hin mt vi chc nng trong CPT.

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Xy dng Portal-Website bng DotNetNuke

Chun b m ngun
Sau khi c tp tin m ngun, phi gii nn vo mt th mc no trn a cng.
Tip theo c gng tm mt host c h tr ASP.NET v c s d liu MS SQL, tt
nht nn thit lp cu hnh ny trn my tnh ca bn nu ch mun tm hiu v nghin
cu. Bi vit minh ha trn Windows Server 2003, IIS 6.0, SQL Server 2000. By gi
to mt c s d liu trng bng cch vo menu Start/ All Program/ Microsoft SQL
Server/ Enterprise Manager, tm n nhnh Databases trong vng bn tri, vo menu
Action/New Database, nhp tn CSDL vo Name (v d: DotNetNuke) ri nhn OK,
ng Enterprise Manager. Tip theo, to th mc Website o gi t trnh duyt,
m Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager (trong Control Panel/ Administrative
Tools), tm n nhnh Default Web Site, vo menu Action/ New/ Virtual Directory,
nhn Next, nhp tn th mc gi t trnh duyt vo Alias (v d: dotnetnuke), Next,
nhp ng dn n th mc m ngun vo Path, Next, nhn Next ri Finish kt
thc, ng IIS.

Ci t DotNetNuke
Trc khi ci t bn cn dng mt trnh son tho vn bn no , m tp tin
web.config trong th mc m ngun ra, thay th dng <add key=connectionString
value=Server=localhost;Database =DotNetNuke;uid=;pwd=; /> bng tn CSDL ca
bn sau thuc tnh Database, cn uid v pwd l tn v mt khu ca ngi dng c
quyn thao tc trn CSDL . Lu tp tin web.config li. Nu lm theo ng nhng
thao tc trn th n lc ny bn ch vic gi Internet Explorer ln, nhp vo Address
a ch http://localhost/dotnetnuke ri Enter l qu trnh ci t s t ng bt u.

Cu hnh DotNetNuke
Mc nh sau khi ci t s c hai ngi dng l admin (mt khu admin) v host (mt
khu host) tn ti sn, trong ngi dng Admin c quyn qun l Website, cn ngi
dng Host ngoi quyn qun l Website cn c mt s quyn lin quan n bo mt v
Upload.
Menu Admin:
Site Settings: nhp tiu Website vo Title, chn li biu tng trong danh sch
Logo, chn hnh nn trong Body Background, thay th dng bn quyn trong Footer
Text, ri nhn lin kt Update cui trang.
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Tabs:cho php sp xp v chnh sa h thng menu ca Website. User Accounts: cho

php qun l ti khon thnh vin ng k. (upload) hoc ti xung (download), xa
tp tin thm vo Website.
Menu Host:
Host Settings:nhp tn host vo Host Title (nm cui mi trang), thay i a ch
trong Host URL v Host Email, nh du vo Disable Version in Page Title nu khng
thch dng (DNN x.x.xx) nm trong tiu trang, nhn lin kt Update cui trang.
Module Definitions:cho php ti ln cc phn h tr thm cho DotNetNuke m rng
tnh nng (ging Plug-in vy ).
SQL:thc thi cu lnh SQL trn CSDL ca Website. Ti trang chnh (Home), bn c
th nhp vo lin kt Add New Tab bn phi trang thm vo menu, hoc Edit Tab
Settings bn tri trang chnh sa thng s. Ngoi ra c th chn menu cc phn
(module) mun thm vo trang trong danh sch Module gia trang ri nhn lin kt
Add.

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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: Gio trnh chnh ph in t
Bin tp bi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/3e26d127
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Khi nim v chnh ph in t ( CPT)
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/f04802ef
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: C s pht trin v xy dng chnh ph in t
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/97889c4d
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Mng my tnh trong chnh ph in t
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/e632ac06
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Khi nim v cng thng tin in t (portal)
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/9fdba117
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Gii thiu v dotnetnuke Portal
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/7463cafc
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: M hnh kin trc h thng cng thng tin in t
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/3d7d1ef2

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Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Module: Chc nng cng thng tin chnh ph in t c nhn ha
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/af5cf548
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cung cp dch v hnh chnh cng trc tuyn qua Portal
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/6c4e0719
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Xy dng Portal-Website bng DotNetNuke
Cc tc gi: Khoa cng ngh thng tin i hc phng ng
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/9a163479
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam

Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources
VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng kho
Ti nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phong
ph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0
do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trc
ht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.
Vi s h tr ca Qu Vit Nam, Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (VOER) tr thnh
mt cng thng tin chnh cho cc sinh vin v ging vin trong v ngoi Vit Nam. Mi
ngy c hng chc nghn lt truy cp VOER (www.voer.edu.vn) nghin cu, hc
tp v ti ti liu ging dy v. Vi hng chc nghn module kin thc t hng nghn
tc gi khc nhau ng gp, Th Vin Hc liu M Vit Nam l mt kho tng ti liu
khng l, ni dung phong ph phc v cho tt c cc nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca
c gi.
Ngun ti liu m phong ph c trn VOER c c l do s chia s t nguyn ca cc
tc gi trong v ngoi nc. Qu trnh chia s ti liu trn VOER tr ln d dng nh
m 1, 2, 3 nh vo sc mnh ca nn tng Hanoi Spring.
Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng d
dng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh ging
dy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khi
nim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phong
bi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phong
tro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v c
chp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.

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