You are on page 1of 211

H THNG THNG TIN

QUN L
H THNG THNG TIN
QUN L
Chng I: Cc khi nim c bn v h thng
thng tin
Chng II: C s cng ngh thng tin ca h
thng thng tin
Chng III: Phn tch, thit k v ci t h
thng thng tin qun l
Chng IV: Cc h thng thng tin phc v qun
l doanh nghip
TI LIU THAM KHO
TrngVnT,TrnThSongMinh. Gio trnh
H thng thng tin qun l. NXB Thng k, H ni,
2000.
HnVitThun,Tr ngVnT,CaonhThi,
TrnThSongMinh. Gio trnh h thng thng
tin qun l (Dng cho h cao hc v Nghin cu
sinh). NXB Lao ng-X hi, H ni, 2004.
Nguyn Vn Ba. Phn tch v thit k HTTT.

NXB i hc Quc gia H ni,2004.


NgTrungVit.T chc, qun l trong thi i

cng ngh thng tin v tri thc. Nh xut bn Bu


in.
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1 T CHC V THNG TIN TRONG T


CHC:
1.1.1 Cc khi nim chung:
T chc: l mt h thng c to ra t cc

c th lm d dng vic t mc tiu bng


hp tc v phn cng lao ng.
Lao ng qun l: bao gm lao ng ra quyt

nh v lao ng thng tin


CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

Lao ng thng tin: lao ng dnh cho vic


thu thp, lu tr, x l v phn pht thng tin
Lao ng ra quyt nh: phn lao ng ca

nh qun l t khi c thng tin n khi k ban


hnh quyt nh
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.2 S qun l mt t chc di gc


iu khin hc:
Thng tin t Thng tin ra
mi trng mi trng
H
H thng
thng qun
qun l
l

Thng tin tc Thng tin


nghip quyt nh
i
i tng
tng qun
qun l
l
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.3 Cc m hnh qun l mt t chc:


Cu trc gin n
Cu trc quan ch my mc
Cu trc chuyn mn
Cu trc phn quyn
Cu trc nhm d n
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.4 Cc cp qun l trong mt t chc:


Cp chin lc
Cp chin thut
Cp tc nghip
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.4 Cc cp qun l trong mt t chc:

Cp
Quyt nh chin lc Thng tin

Cp chin
Quyt nh thut Thng tin

Quyt nh Cp tc nghip Thng


tin

X l giao dch
D liu D liu D liu
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.5 S t chc trong doanh nghip :


Gim c

Ph gim Ph gim
c (TC) c (NL)

K K T Vn Bo
ton hoc chc th v
h
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.6 Cc u mi TT ngoi ca mt DN:


Nh nc v
Khch hng
cp trn

Doanh nghip
cnh tranh
DOANH NGHIP
Doanh nghip c
lin quan
H thng qun l
Doanh nghip s
cnh tranh
i tng qun l
Nh cung cp
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2 H THNG THNG TIN


1.2.1 nh ngha h thng thng tin v cc b
phn cu thnh:
Thng tin

Thng tin kinh t

Thng tin qun l

Qu trnh x l thng tin


CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin:


L mt tp hp gm con ngi, cc thit b phn
cng, phn mm, d liu thc hin cc hot
ng thu thp, lu tr, x l v phn phi thng
tin trong tp hp rng buc l mi trng
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

Cc b phn cu thnh h thng thng tin:


Ngun ch

Thu X l v Phn
thp lu tr pht

Kho d liu
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

c trng ca h thng thng tin:


- Phi c thit k, t chc phc v nhiu
lnh vc hoc nhim v tng th ca mt t
chc
- t mc tiu l h tr ra cc quyt nh
- Da trn k thut tin tin v x l thng tin
- C kt cu mm do, pht trin c (HT
m)
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

Hai loi HTTT:


* HTTT chnh thc
* HTTT khng chnh thc
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.2 Phn loi h thng thng tin:


Phn loi h thng thng tin theo mc ch

phc v
Phn loi h thng thng tin trong t chc

doanh nghip
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin x l giao dch


(TPS Transaction Processing System)
H thng thng tin qun l
(MIS Management Informaton System)
H thng tr gip ra quyt nh
(DSS Decision Support System)
H thng chuyn gia (ES Expert System)
H thng tng cng kh nng cnh tranh
(ISCA Information System for Competitive Advantage)
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin ti chnh


H thng thng tin Marketing
H thng thng tin qun l kinh doanh v sn
xut
H thng thng tin ngun nhn lc
H thng thng tin vn phng
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.3 Tiu chun nh gi h thng thng tin:


tin cy
Tnh y
Tnh thch hp, d hiu
Tnh c bo v
ng thi im
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.4 Li ch kinh t ca h thngthng tin:


a. Gi thnh thng tin:
Gi thnh thng tin = Cc khon chi to ra
thng tin
b. Gi tr ca thng tin: bng li ch thu c
ca vic thay i phng n quyt nh do thng
tin to ra.
V d: Doanh nghip xy dng chin lc a
sn phm mi ra th trng.
Chin lc A: gi thp
Chin lc B: gi trung bnh
Chin lc C: gi cao
Doanh nghip quyt nh chn chin lc A
Tuy nhin trc khi c quyt nh chnh thc
DN tin hnh iu tra th trng thu c kt
qu:
Chin lc A: s thu c li nhun 100
Chin lc B: s thu c li nhun 150
Chin lc C: s thu c li nhun 120
Chn chin lc B. Gi tr thng tin = 50
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.4 Li ch kinh t ca thng tin:


c. Gi tr ca h thng thng tin
Gi tr ca h thng thng tin l s th hin bng
tin tp hp nhng ri ro m t chc trnh c
v nhng c hi thun li m t chc c c
nh h thng thng tin.
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.4 Li ch kinh t ca thng tin:


d. CcchiphchoHTTT:
Chi ph c nh:
CPC = Cpttk + Cxd + Cmm + Cc +
Ctbpv + Cck
Chi ph bin ng nm th i
CPB(i) = Ctl(i) + Cv(i) + Ctt + Cbtsc(i)
+ Cbk(i)
CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN
V H THNG THNG TIN

c. nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca h thng


thng tin:
Tng chi ph: TCP = CPC(1+ Li sut)n +
CP (i).(1+li sut)(n-i)
Tng thu: TTN = TN(i).(1+ Li sut)(n-i)
Cn xy dng: TTN > TCP
Bi tp: nh gi hiu qu kinh t ca h thng
thng tin sau:

Cng ty ABC l cng ty chuyn may hng xut


khu. Hin cng ty ang c k hoch m rng sn
xut. Cng ty s dng s tin thanh l my
may v my ct li thi l 30.000$ v s tin
vn hin c l 200.000$ u t mt d n
trong 8 nm nh sau:
D kin s tin phi chi ph cc khon bt buc
trong mi nm l 1000$ v d kin s tin thu v
trong 8 nm l: 1200$, 10000$, 28000$, 52000$,
58000$, 62000$, 69000$,95000$ vi li xut
5,2% .
Hy tnh th xem cng ty c nn u t vo d n
ny khng?
BI TP
T chc tr chi truyn thng tin theo
nhm

Quitctrchi:
Chia s SV lm hai nhm. Mi nhm c mt

nhm trng.
Cc thnh vin trong nhm xp thnh hng

dc
Tin c truyn l s bt k

Nhm trng ng cui hng chu trch

nhim nhn v truyn thng tin cho thnh


vin k tip trong hng
BI TP
T chc tr chi truyn thng tin theo
nhm

Quitctrchi:
Sau khi nhn tin cc thnh vin s truyn tin ln

lt cho nhau bt u t nhm trng cho n


thnh vin u tin.
Trong qu trnh truyn tin cc thnh vin khng

c s dng m thanh truyn tin, thnh vin trong


i khng c quay u li nhn thng tin.
Thnh vin u tin ca mi nhm sau khi nhn

c tin nhanh chng chy vit kt qu ln bng.


i no vit c kt qu sm v ng nht l
thng cuc
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.1 TI NGUYN PHN CNG TRONG H


THNG THNG TIN
My tnh in t

Mng my tnh

2.1.1 My tnh in t:
a. S chc nng
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN
B x l lnh B logic v
Thc hin s hc
ch th v Thc hin cc Cc thit b
Cc thit b vo iu khin php ton s ra
Nhp d liu x l hc v so snh a thng
v chng tin ra t
B nh trong trong
trnh vo my
Lu tr d liu v cc chng my tnh
tnh
trnh trong thi gian x l

Thit b nh ngoi
Lu tr d liu v
chng trnh cho
cc cng vic x l
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

b. Phn loi my tnh in t:


Siu my tnh ln (Super Computer)

My tnh ln (MainFrame)

My tnh c va (MiniComputer)

My vi tnh (MicroComputer)
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.1.2 Mng my tnh:


a. Mt s khi nim c s truyn thng:
H thng truyn thng: h thng cho php to,

truyn v nhn tin tc in t


Cc phng thc truyn: Truyn d b, Truyn

ng b, Chuyn mch tuyn, Chuyn mch bn


tin, Chuyn mch gi, Truyn mt chiu, hai
chiu lun phin, hai chiu ng thi
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

b. Cc loi mng:
Mng LAN: mng cc b

Mng WAN: mng din rng

Mng INTERNET: mng ton cu


CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Mng LAN:
Thnh phn mng LAN: My ch tp, My ch
in n, My ch truyn thng, My trm, Dy cp,
Cc giao din mng (NIC), H iu hnh mng
(NOS)
Cc cu hnh mng: Mng hnh sao, mng
ng trc, mng vng, mng hn hp, mng
xng sng
MNG HNH SAO (STAR)
MNG VNG (RING)
MNG NG TRC (BUS)
MNG HN HP
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Mng WAN:
Thnh phn mng WAN: My ch, My tin x
l, Modem, Thit b u cui, B tp trung, Giao
thc truyn thng, Phn mm mng
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Mng INTERNET:
Thnh phn mng INTERNET: Mng con, u
cui, H thng trung gian, Cu ni, B dn
ng, Giao thc INTERNET
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2 PHN MM TIN HC:


2.2.1 Khi nim phn mm: l cc chng
trnh, cc cu trc d liu gip chng trnh x l
c nhng thng tin thch hp v cc ti liu
m t phng thc s dng cc chng trnh y.
Phn mm lun c sa i b sung thng
xuyn.
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.2 Phn loi phn mm:


a. Phn mm h thng: qun l phn cng my
tnh
H iu hnh: qun l, iu hnh cc hot ng

ca my tnh
Phn mm tin ch: x l cc nhim v thng

gp.
Phn mm pht trin: Cc ngn ng lp trnh,

cc cng c lp trnh, lp trnh hng i tng


CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Phn mm qun tr mng my tnh


Phn mm qun tr c s d liu

b. Phn mm ng dng: qun l d liu


Phn mm ng dng a nng
Phn mm ng dng chuyn bit
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

CPU Son tho


Phn Phn
B nh Bng tnh
Phn mm mm
chnh Qun tr d
cng h ng
B nh n
thng dng
ph ng dng
Ngoi vi khc
Quan h gia phn mm h thng
v phn mm ng dng
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.3 c tnh chung ca phn mm hin i:


D s dng

Chng sao chp

Tng thch vi phn mm khc

Tng thch vi nhiu thit b ngoi vi

Tnh hin thi ca phn mm

Gi c phn mm - Yu cu ca b nh

Quyn s dng trn mng


CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.4 Chun ho phn mm:


Phn mm c thit k c kh nng t ci t

v lm vic trn nhiu loi my tnh c cu hnh


khc nhau
V d: ci mt s ng dng thng dng
Cc phn mm khc nhau c th lm vic

c vi nhau
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.5 Xu th chung trong thit k phn mm:


+ Giao din ho
+ Ca s ho (Windows)
+ Lin kt d liu ni ny vi ni khc v t
phn mm ny vi phn mm khc.
+ D s dng
+ Yu cu phn cng ngy cng cao v kh
nng t ng ci t lm vic c vi nhiu
loi cu hnh my tnh khc nhau.
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.6 Mt s ch khi mua sm phn mm:


Xc nh r yu cu ng dng

Chn phn mm

* Xc nh ng hng sn xut phn mm


v cng vic cn ti
* Yu cu gi cc thng tin v phn mm
* ngh gi phn mm gii thiu DEMO
s dng th
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.6 Mt s ch khi mua sm phn mm:


Dch v bo hnh:

* Trung tm hun luyn


* Nhn vin tr gip k thut
* Trung tm dch v bo hnh, kho hng v
linh kin thay th
* Tnh hnh ti chnh ca ngi bn
Chn phn cng: ph hp vi phn mm
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.3 TI NGUYN NHN LC:


Khi nim: ti nguyn nhn lc l ch th xy
dng, iu hnh v s dng h thng thng tin
qun l
Ti nguyn nhn lc xy dng v bo tr:

phn tch vin, lp trnh vin, k s bo hnh


Ti nguyn ngi s dng: cc nh qun l,

k ton, nhn vin cc phng ban


CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.4 C S D LIU TRONG H THNG


THNG TIN:
2.4.1 Mt s khi nim:
* Thc th, th hin
* Trng d liu (thuc tnh)
* Bn ghi
* Bng
* C s d liu
BNG D LIU
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.4.2 Cc hot ng chnh ca mt CSDL:


Cp nht d liu: Nhp, xo, sa, ct v ni

cc bn ghi, cc bng trong CSDL


Truy vn d liu: Tnh ton, sp xp, kt sut,

thng k, tng hp, phn tch


Lp bo co t CSDL: bo co dng bng,

biu, tng hp cc mc
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG
TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.4.3 Cc loi m hnh d liu:


M hnh phn cp: mi cha c N con, mi con

ch c mt cha
K43 Anh 1
K44A

CQUI K44 Anh 2


K44B

K45 Anh 3
K44C

K44D
2.4.3 Cc loi m hnh d liu:
M hnh mng li: mi cha c N con,

mi con M cha

Trn Anh Thi


Ting Anh
Hi h
Ting Php
Mai Lan Anh
Ting Trung
Nguyn Hng
2.4.3 Cc loi m hnh d liu:
M hnh quan h: d liu c m t

di dng cc bng d liu:


M hnh quan h: xy dng quan h gia hai
bng Qun l khch sn v Danh mc
phong thu
M hnh quan h:
Khi nim v kho: nhm cc thuc tnh c
gi l kho nu n xc nh mt cch duy nht
thc th trong bng d liu
Ph thuc hm: ta ni thuc tnh B ph thuc
hm vo thuc tnh A (A -> B) nu vi mi gi tr
ca A tng ng vi mt gi tr duy nht ca B
(tn ti mt nh x t tp hp cc gi tr ca A
sang gi tr ca B)
Cc mi quan h trong CSDL:

Quan h 1 1
Quan h 1 n
Quan h n - n
CHNG II: C S CNG NGH
THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG
TIN

Bi tp v d: Hy xy dng c s d liu qun


l h s cc nhn vin trong cng ty. D liu
qun l gm: H tn, qu qun, ngy sinh, a
ch, in thoi, hc hm, hc v, ngoi ng, trnh
ngoi ng
Trong : mi nhn vin c th bit nhiu loi
ngoi ng khc nhau, c s d liu phi lu
cc ngoi ng v trnh mi ngoi ng ca
tng nhn vin
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Nhng nguyn nhn dn n vic pht


trin mt HTTT
Nhng vn v qun l

Nhng yu cu mi ca nh qun l

S thay i ca cng ngh

Thay i sch lc chnh tr


YU CU
1. Nhm sinh vin tham gia 1 tiu lun: 5-6 SV
Cc sinh vin s t bn bc phn cng cng vic
2. Sn phm yu cu gm:
- 01 quyn tiu lun m t h s pht trin
HTTT
- Phn mm xy dng da trn h s pht trin
v s dng ngn ng ACCESS
3. Thi gian hon thnh:
- Tiu lun np trc tip cho gio vin
- Phn mm np qua Email:
Tohaiyen@Gmail.com
4. im thi:- 20% im bi tp ln
- 20% chuyn cn v bi kim tra ti lp
- 60% im thi trc nghim cui kha
Bitpln:Lphsvtinhnhphntch,
thitkhthngthngtin:
1. S t chc
2. S u mi thng tin ca t chc
3. S chc nng phn r, m t r tng chc
nng
4. S lung thng tin
5. S lung d liu
6. Cc mu hnh ti liu vo, ra v trung gian
7. Cc phng php m ho d liu
8. Xy dng v chun ha cc tp d liu v mi
quan h gia chng
9. Thit k yu cu v giao tc tin hc
10. Thit k giao din vo ra ca h thng
11. Phn mm thit k v s dng ngn ng Access
theo yu cu
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Phng php pht trin mt h thng


thng tin
1. nh gi yu cu
2. Phn tch chi tit
3. Thit k logic
4. xut cc phng n ca gii php
5. Thit k vt l ngoi
6. Trin khai k thut h thng
7. Ci t v khai thc
Ba nguyn tc
pht trin mt h thng thng tin
1. S dng cc m hnh:
M hnh logic: ci g? lm g?
M hnh vt l ngoi: ci g? u? khi no?
M hnh vt l trong: nh th no?
2. Chuyn t ci chung sang ci ring: n
gin ho. i t ci chung n cc chi tit. M
hnh ho h thng bng cc chi tit
3. Chuyn m hnh: t m hnh vt l sang m
hnh logic khi phn tch v t m hnh logic sang
m vt l khi thit k.
Xy dng chc nng qun l kho hng

Qun l kho
hng
Nhp Xut Kim k
hng hng
Xut trnh Xut trnh Kim k
phiu phiu
nhp xut
Ghi s
Nhp Giao gc
hng hng
Ghi s Ghi s
gc gc
Ghi s danh
mc
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.1 NH GI YU CU:
Mc tiu: cung cp cho lnh o t chc hoc

hi ng gim c nhng d liu ch thc ra


quyt nh v thi c, tnh kh thi v hiu qu
ca mt d n pht trin h thng.
* Lp k hoch nh gi yu cu
* Lm r yu cu
* nh gi kh nng thc thi
* Chun b v trnh by bo co
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2 PHN TCH CHI TIT:


3.2.1 Mc tiu: l a c cc chun on v
h thng ang tn ti, xc nh mc tiu cn t
c ca h thng mi v ra gii php t
c mc tiu.
Phn tch vin phi hiu thu o v mi trng
h thng pht trin v cc hot ng ca chnh
ca h thng thng qua cc phng php: thu
thp thng tin, m ho d liu, s chc nng,
s lung thng tin, s lung d liu
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2.2 Thu thp thng tin:


Phng vn

Nghin cu ti liu

S dng phiu iu tra

Quan st
3.2.3 M ho d liu:
a. Khi nim m ho d liu:
b. Cc phng php m ho d liu:
M ho phn cp: h thng nh s

mc, ti khon 111 tin mt


1 Chng I 1111 tin mt vit nam
1.1 Bi 1
1112 tin mt ngoi t
1.1.1 Mc
1 112 tin gi ngn hng
1.1.2 Mc
2 1121 tin gi ngn hng
1.1.3 Mc VND
3 11211 tin gi NH Ba nh
1.2 Bi 2
1.2.1 Mc 11212 tin gi NH PTNT
M ho lin tip: 001, 002, 003
M ho theo m xri: 29/3/1995 EAN VN

M s quc gia (893), m nh sn


xut, m sn phm, s
kim tra
V d:

M ho8gi
93nh:
5025VND,
33457 6
USD
M ho ghp ni: NTHD1000136
V d m ho th sinh trng H NT
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

c. Li ch ca m ho d liu:
Nhn din khng nhm ln i tng

M t nhanh chng i tng

Nhn din nhm i tng nhanh hn


V d: M ho thc th sinh vin thng qua trng
S th: Kha, Lp, M hiu SV trong lp
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2.4 S chc nng kinh doanh (BFD)


a. Mctiu: Phn tch chnh xc cc hot
ng ca h thng thng tin t c th
n chi tit.
Ch r h thng cn phi lm g.
Khng phi lm nh th no
b.Kphpvmtchcnng:
Tn chc
nng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

c.Ccphngphpphnrchc
nng:
Top Down
Bottom Up
d.Quitclpschcnng:
Tun t
La chn
Php lp
d.Vd:
Qun l kho
hng
Nhp * Xut * Kim k*
hng hng
Xut trnh Xut trnh Kim k
phiu phiu
nhp xut
Ghi s
Nhp Giao gc
hng hng
Ghi s Ghi s
gc gc
Ghi s danh 0
mc
e.Bitp:Hy v s chc nng qun
l ti trng i hc Ngoi Thng
e.Bitp:

Qun l trng H

1. QL* 2. QL* 3. QL * 4. QL* 5. QL *


Gio Sinh Chng Thi Hi
vin vin trnh o kho trng
to biu

2.1 X 2.2 * 2.3 X 2.4 X 0


l h X l l tt
l c
s im nghip
bit
khc
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2.5 S lung thng tin (IFD Information


Flow Diagram):
a. Mc tiu: m t h thng thng tin theo cch
thc ng. M t s di chuyn ca d liu, vic
x l, vic lu tr bng cc s
3.2.5 S lung thng tin (IFD):
b. Cc k php m t s :
X l:

Th cng Giao tc ngi my Tin hc ho hon


ton
Kho d liu:

Th cng Tin hc ho

Dng thng iu khin:


tin:
Ti liu
3.2.5 S lung thng tin (IFD):
c. Qui tc:
- Xc nh cc tc nhn trong HT
- Xc nh cc ti liu trong HT
- Cc thi im di chuyn ti liu trong HT
- Lp bng s
d. V d: M t s qun l im trong
trng
- Tc nhn: Sinh vin, gio vin, phng o to
- Cc ti liu: bi thi, bng im mn hc,
bng im bnh qun
- Cc thi im di chuyn:
Thi im Sinh vin Gio vin Phng o
to
Sau khi Bi thi Chm thi
SV thi
Bi thi
chm
Nhp
Nhp im
3 tun im my
sau khi Bng im
im
thi

Bng im In bng
Cui Trung bnh im MH
mi hc
k Bng im Tnh BQ
Bnh qun
In im BQ
Thi im Khch hng Th kho Phng K
ton
Khch
Ha n KT s
hng n Ko
Xut hng
nhn
hng Xut
hng
Ha n
Xut hng

S kho
hng

Sau Phiu thanh


ton tin Tnh tin
xut
hng
Thi im Khch hng Th kho Phng K
ton
Khch
Ha n Giao
hng n
giao hng hng
giao
hng Ha n
Giao hng


Hng mi

s S danh
mc

S kho
hng
Phiu thanh
Sau ton tin Tnh tin
xut
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD - Data Flow


Diagram):
a. Mc tiu: dng m t h thng thng tin
trn gc tru tng.
Trn s gm cc lung d liu, cc x l, cc
lu tr d liu, ngun, ch khng quan tm
n v tr, thi im, i tng
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):
b. Cc k php m t s :

Lung d liu: Tn lung d


liu
Kho d liu: Kho d liu

Tin trnh x l: Tn
x l

Tc nhn: Tn tc nhn
c. Qui tc v s :
Cc bc v s : V s ng cnh, ln

lt phn r thnh cc s d liu mc nh,


s d liu di mc nh theo cu trc s
chc nng.
V s ng cnh: th hin khi qut ni

dung chnh ca h thng thng tin. d hiu c


th b qua cc kho d liu, cc x l cp nht
- Xc nh chc nng chnh ca h
thng.
- Xc nh cc tc nhn ngoi
- M t cc lung d liu t vo ra h
thng vi cc tc nhn
Gi s c s chc nng h thng
nh mu sau.

HT

A B C

D E F G H
X

Vd: S ng cnh
c xy dng nh HT

sau:
- Chc nng chnh l: Y
HT
- Cc tc nhn h Z
thng: X, Y, Z
- S c m t:
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):

V s mc nh:
- Tch chc nng chnh ca h thng
thnh cc chc nng con mc 1.
- Xc nh lung d liu gia cc chc
nng b phn vi cc tc nhn ngoi.
- Xc nh lung d liu ni b v kho.
Ch : khi phn r phi bo ton cc lung
d liu v cc tc nhn ngoi.
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):
V s mc nh: phn r thnh cc
chc nng A, B, C v thm kho d liu K.
X

1.A
HT
2.B K

3.C
Y

Z
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

V s di mc nh:
- Phn r ring tng chc nng mc
nh thnh cc s di mc nh.
- Tch cc chc nng mc nh thnh
cc chc nng con mc di. Lm tng t
nh phn r chc nng mc nh.
Ch : khi phn r phi bo ton cc lung
d liu v cc tc nhn ngoi.
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):
V s di mc nh: Phn r x l A

thnh cc chc nng D, E v thm kho d


liu K1.
X

1.1 D
Chc
K1 nng A

1.2 E

K
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):
V s di mc nh: tng t tin

hnh phn r cc x l B, C thnh cc chc


nng con v thm cc kho d liu.
Ghp cc s di mc nh vo s
mc nh ta c s lung d liu hon
Chc
chnh. Chc nng
Y 2.1 G C
nng 3.1 H
B

2.2 I
3.2 K

K Z
K Z
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):

1.1 D X

K1

1.2 E
3.1 H
Y 2.1 G
K
3.2 K

2.2 I Z
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):
Mt s qui tc khi v s :

- Tn cc x l l ng t.
- Cc x l phi c m s.
- X l buc phi thc hin bin i d liu.
- Mi lung d liu phi c tn lung tr
lung ni x l vi kho d liu.
- D liu cha trn hai vt mang khc nhau
nhng lun i cng nhau th to nn mt
lung duy nht.
- V li cc kho d liu cc lung khng
ct khau.
3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):
Mt s qui tc khi v phn r s :

- Nn ti a 7 x l trn mt s DFD.
- Mt x l m khi trnh by bng ngn ng
cu trc chim mt trang th khng phn r
tip.
- Tt c cc x l trn mt s DFD phi
cng mt mc phn r.
- Lung vo ca mt x l mc cao phi l
lung vo ca mt x l con mc thp no
. Lung ra ti ch ca mt x l con
phi l lung ra ti ch ca mt x l con
mc ln hn.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. V d: v s lung d liu qun l nhp


xut trong kho hng.
S ng cnh:

Nhp hng
Khch 0.Qun l
hng kho hng
Xut hng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. V d: S mc nh:
DM hng
Ho n nhp 1.Nhp
hng hng
Khch
hng S kho hng
2.Xut
Ho n
xut hng
hng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

. V d: S chc nng 2:
2.1
Kim tra
Ho n Hng ti
xut hng kho
Khch H c chp
hng nhn

Phiu 2.2 Xut S kho hng


nhn hng hng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. V d: S chc nng 2:
HD nhp 1.1 Kim tra DM hng
hng hng nhp

Khch
hng H nhp
hng
Phiu 1.2 Nhp
nhp hng hng vo
kho
S kho hng
d. V d: S tng hp
1.1 Kim tra DM hng
hng nhp
H nhp
hng H nhp hng

1.2 Nhp
Phiu nhp hng vo
Khch hng kho
hng
S kho hng
H xut
hng 2.1
Kim tra
kho hng
Phiu nhn
hng H c
chp
nhn
2.2 Xut
hng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Bi tp:
M t s chc nng ca h thng chm,

qun l im.
M t s lung d liu ca h thng

chm, qun l im.


M t s lung d liu

SV 0. QL P o to
im

Bng
Bi thi 1. Chm
thi im
SV P o to

B.im 2. X l Bng
TB im im
M t s lung d liu
1.1 Chm
Bi thi
thi VP Khoa
SV Bi thi
chm Bng
1.2 Vo P o to
im im

2.1 Vo
im MT Bng
im
SV Bng P o to
im
Bim 2.2 Tnh
BQ im Bng
im
M t s lung d liu tng hp
1.1 Chm
thi VP Khoa
Bi thi
Bi thi
1.2 Vo
im Bng
im
SV P o to
2.1 Vo Bi thi
Bi im MT
m BQ
Bng
im
2.2 Tnh
im Bng
im
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.3 THIT K LOGIC:


3.3.1 Mc tiu: xc nh cc thnh phn logic
ca h thng thng tin mi phi lm t
c cc mc tiu ra.
Sn phm ca giai on thit k logic l cc c
s d liu, cc x l vo ra.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2.7 Cc bc phn tch chi tit:


Thnh lp i ng

La chn phng php v cng c

Nghin cu h thng ang tn ti

Chun on v xc nh cc yu t gii

quyt vn
Xc nh thi hn

Sa i xut d n

Bo co v phn tch chi tit


CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.3.2 Cc phng php TK c s d liu:


- Thit k CSDL logic t cc thng tin u ra
- Thit k CSDL logic bng phng php m
hnh ha
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

A. Thit k c s d liu logic t thng tin


u ra:
Bc 1: xc nh ton b cc thng tin u ra
Bc 2: xc nh cc tp cn thit cung cp
d liu cho vic to u ra
Lit k ton b cc thuc tnh ca thng tin u
ra.
nh du cc thuc tnh lp
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

nh du cc thuc tnh th sinh, loi cc


thuc tnh th sinh khi danh sch
Gch chn cc thuc tnh kho ca thng tin

u ra
Tin hnh chun ho mc 1 (1.NF): tch cc

thuc tnh lp thnh danh sch con ring. Gn


thm tn cho danh sch va tch. Tm mt thuc
tnh nh danh ring, thm thuc tnh nh danh
vo danh sch gc.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Tin hnh chun ho mc 2 (2.NF): tch tt c


cc thuc tnh khng ph thuc hm ton b vo
kho thnh mt danh sch ring. Chn kho mi
cho danh sch va tch.
Tin hnh chun ho mc 3 (3.NF): tch cc

thuc tnh c s ph thuc bc cu. Xc nh


kho v tn cho danh sch mi.
Cng ty ABC

PHIU QUN L VN VAY


S phiu:
Ngy: / /2010
M khch hng:. CMT:
..
Tn khch hng:
..
a ch:

..
Vn vay:. K hn:
.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Phiu qun l vn vay gm cc thuc tnh:


S phiu, Ngy vay, M khch hng, Tn
khch hng, a ch, S CMT, Vn vay, K
hn, Li sut, Ngy thanh ton.
Trong :
S phiu l kho chnh

Ngy thanh ton l thuc tnh th sinh

tch ring
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Phiu qun l vn vay gm cc thuc tnh:


S phiu, Ngy vay, M khch hng, Tn khch
hng, a ch, S CM, Vn vay, K hn, Li sut,

Trong : M khch hng, Tn khch hng, a


ch, S CM l cc thuc tnh ph thuc bc cu
vo kho chnh s phiu, tch thnh danh sch
mi
Kho danh sch mi l: M khch hng.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Qun l vn vay
S phiu, Ngy vay, M khch hng, Vn vay,
K hn, Li sut.
Danh sch khch hng:
M khch hng, Tn khch hng, a ch, S
CM
Trong danh sch Qun l vn vay: K hn, Li
sut ph thuc bc cu vo kha chnh tch
ring thnh danh sch mi
Kho l: K hn
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Qun l vn vay
S phiu, Ngy vay, M khch hng, Vn
vay, K hn
Danh sch khch hng:
M khch hng, Tn khch hng, a ch, S
CM
Danh mc li sut
K hn, Li sut
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Bc 3:
M t cc tp: Mi danh sch bc 2 l mt
tp c s d liu. Mi danh sch lin quan n
mt i tng qun l. Nu c nhiu danh sch
cng m t v mt thc th th phi tch hp li
thnh 1 danh sch.
Biu din cc tp: Tn tp vit in hoa trn, cc
thuc tnh nm trong cc , trn mt hng. Kho
gch chn.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

V d: DANH SCH KHCH HNG


M khch hng Tn KH a ch S CMT

DANH MC LI SUT
K hn Li sut

QUN L VN VAY
M khch Ngy Vn K Ngy TT
hng vay vay hn
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Bc 4: Xc nh lin h logic gia cc tp. Biu


din chng bng cc mi tn hai chiu, nu c
quan h mt - nhiu th v hai mi tn v hng
.
V d:
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

V d: KHCH HNG
M khch hng Tn KH a ch S CMT

DANH MC LI XUT
K hn Li sut

QUN L VN VAY
M khch Ngy Vn K Ngy TT
hng vay vay hn
Bi tp: thit k CSDL t mu phiu nhp kho sau:
Lit k danh sch cc thuc tnh, gch b
cc thuc tnh th sinh v gch chn cc
thuctnhkha
S phiu

H tn ngi nhp

a ch ngi nhp

a ch Cty nhp

in thoi

STT

Tn hng

n v tnh

n gi

S lng

Thnh tin

Tng cng

Tng cng bng ch

Ngi nhn hng


Chun ha NF1: nh du cc thuc
tnhlptchthnhdanhschring
S phiu
H tn ngi nhp
a ch ngi nhp
a ch Cty nhp
in thoi
Tn hng (R)
n v tnh (R)
n gi (R)
S lng (R)
Ngi nhn hng
Chun ha NF1: nh du cc thuc
tnh lp tch thnh danh sch ring.
Thm thuc tnh nh danh M hng
vodanhschmi

S phiu S phiu
H tn ngi nhp M hng
a ch ngi nhp Tn hng
a ch Cty nhp n v tnh
in thoi n gi
Ngi nhn hng S lng
ChunhaNF2:ccthuctnhMhng,Tn
hng,nvtnh,ngikhngphthuc
ton b vo kha tch thnh danh sch
ring
S phiu M hng
M KH Tn hng
H tn ngi nhp n v tnh
a ch ngi nhp n gi
a ch Cty nhp
S phiu
in thoi M hng
Ngi nhn hng S lng
Chun ha NF3: cc thuc tnh H tn
ngi nhp, a ch ngi nhp, a ch
cngtynhp,inthoiphthucbccu
vokhatchthnhdanhschring

M KH M hng
H tn ngi nhp Tn hng
a ch ngi nhp n v tnh
a ch Cty nhp n gi

in thoi

S phiu S phiu
M KH M hng
Mtccbng
DANH MC KHCH HNG

M H tn a ch a ch in
KH ngi ngi Cty nhp thoi
nhp nhp DANH MC HNG

M hng Tn hng n v n gi
tnh
HA N BN HNG
S phiu M KH Ngi nhn
hng
QUN L HNG NHP
S phiu M hng S lng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

B. Thit k CSDL bng phng php m hnh


ho:
Cc khi nim c bn:
a.Thc th: biu din nhng i tng c th
hoc tru tng trong th gii thc m ta mun
lu tr thng tin v chng. Thc th c biu
din bng hnh ch nht c ghi tn bn trong:
SN PHM
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

b. Lin kt: th hin s lin h qua li gia cc


thc th khc nhau
V d: Mt Khch hng t n t hng
Mt n t hng c ghi nhiu Sn phm

KHCH N T SN
t cha
HNG HNG PHM
c. S mc lin kt:
Lin kt Mt - Mt:
B TH 1 1 CHI
qun l O
CHI
ON N
Lin kt Mt - Nhiu:
CHI 1 N O
c N
ON
VIN
Lin kt Nhiu - Nhiu:
SINH N M MN
Hc HC
VIN
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. Kh nng tu chn ca lin kt:


SINH 1 1 O
l NVI
VIN
N
e. Chiu ca lin kt: ch ra
s lng thc th tham gia SINH VIN

vo quan h 1 N
Quan h mt chiu: L anh
em
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Quan h hai chiu:


SINH 1 1 O
l NVI
VIN
N
GIO 1 N
Dy LP
VIN

SINH N M
hc LP
VIN
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Quan h nhiu chiu:

GIO
Qun l LP
VIN

D N
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Quan h nhiu chiu: s c chuyn i


sang quan h hai chiu nh sau:
GIO 1 Tham N N QL N
QL LP
VIN gia im
N
QL
ND
N
D N
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

f. Thuc tnh: dng m t cc c trng ca


mt thc th hoc mt mi quan h.
C 3 loi thuc tnh: thuc tnh m t, thuc tnh
nh danh v thuc tnh quan h.
Thuc tnh nh danh: xc nh duy nht mt
ln xut ca thc th.
V d: S bo danh, M nhn vin
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Thuc tnh m t: s dng m t v thc th


V d: H v tn, ngy sinh
Thuc tnh quan h: ch mt ln xut no

trong thc th c quan h


V d: S chng minh th, S ti khon
S hiu khch
KHCH
hng
HNG
- H v tn
- a ch
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

g. Thc th khi qut: s dng trong trng


hp m hnh ho cc thc th gn ging nhau.
Cc thuc tnh chung c gn cho thc th
khi qut, cc thuc tnh ring gn cho cc thc
th thnh phn.
V d: Thit k CSDL qun l bng a:

Loi a: - a CD
- a VCD
- a DVD.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

a phim cn lu tr cc thng tin sau: S


hiu a, Loi a, Loi phim, Tn phim,Tn o
din, Nm sn xut, Din vin chnh, Tm tt ni
dung.
a ca nhc cn lu tr cc thng tin sau: S
hiu a, Loi a, Loi nhc, Tn a, Nm sn
xut, Tn ca s, Tn bi ht.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Vd: S hiu a
A Loi a
Nm sn
xut

A S hiu a A CA S hiu a
Tn phim Tn a
PHIM NHC
Loi phim Loi ca nhc
Tn o din Tn ca s
Tn din vin Tn bi ht
Tm tt ni
dung
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

h. Chuyn i s khi nim d liu sang


s cu trc d liu:
Chuyn i cc quan h mt chiu (1-N): to

mt tp chung duy nht biu din thc th .


V d: SINH VIN
SINH VIEN( M sinh vin,
1 N H v tn, ngy sinh,,
L anh M anh em)
em
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Chuyn i cc quan h mt chiu (N-M): to


hai tp, mt tp biu din thc th, mt tp biu
din quan h.
V d:
SN PHM ( M sn phm,
SN PHM
Tn sn phm,)
N M
Cu CU THNH (M sn phm,
thnh M nguyn liu, )
t
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Chuyn i cc quan h hai chiu (1-1): to hai


tp ng vi hai thc th
V d: B TH 1 1 CHI
qun l O
CHI
ON N
B THCHI ON (S hiu b th, , S hiu chi on)
CHI ON (S hiu chi on,)

Hoc:B TH CHI ON (S hiu b th, )


CHI ON (S hiu chi on,, S hiu b th)
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Chuyn i cc quan h hai chiu (1-N): to hai


tp ng vi hai thc th
V d: 1 N O
CHI
c N
ON
VIN
CHI ON (S hiu chi on, )
ON VIN (S hiu on vin, , S hiu
chi on)
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Chuyn i cc quan h hai chiu (N-M): to ba


tp, hai tp ng vi hai thc th, tp th ba m
t quan h.
Khch N M Sn
V d: hng
mua phm

KHCH HNG (M khch hng, )


SN PHM (M sn phm,)
MUA (M khch hng, , M sn phm)
Chuyn i thc th khi qut: to tp thc th
khi qut v mi thc th con mt tp.
V d:
S hiu a
A Loi a
Nm sn
xut

PHIM S hiu a CA S hiu a


Tn phim Tn a
NHC
Loi phim Loi ca nhc
Tn o din Tn ca s
Tn din vin Tn bi ht
Tm tt ni
dung
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Chuyn i thc th khi qut: to tp thc th


khi qut v mi thc th con mt tp.

A (S hiu a, Loi a, Nm sn xut)


A PHIM (S hiu a, Tn phim, Loi phim )
A CA NHC (S hiu a, Tn a, Loi ca
nhc)
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

C. Phn tch tra cu: tm hiu bng cch no


ly c cc thng tin u ra t cc tp c
thit k. Kim tra vic thit k CSDL hon tt
hay cung cp cc thng tin u ra cha.
i vi mi u ra phi tm cch xc nh cc tp
cn thit, th t chng c c v cc x l
c thc hin trn cc tp c.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

V d: KHCH HNG
1

M khch hng Tn KH a ch S CMT

DANH MC LI XUT 3
K hn Li sut

2 QUN L VN VAY
M khch Ngy Vn K Ngy TT
hng vay vay hn
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

D. Phn tch cp nht: thng tin trong CSDL phi


thng xuyn c cp nht m bo phn nh
chnh xc nht tnh trng i tng n ang
qun l.
a. Lp bng s kin cp nht:
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN
Tn Loicp
Skin
tp nht
Khch hng mi
-
-Thm
Khch -Bt
-Khch hng khng mua hng

hng -C s thay i a ch, in


-Sa i
thoi, ca khch hng
-Qun l thm mt hng mi
Danh -Thm
-Quyt nh khng qun l
mc -Bt
mt mt hng
hng -Sa
-Thay i v gi c
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Xc nh cch thc hp l ha d liu cp nht:


La chn cc k thut kim tra d liu, gim kh
nng sai st khi cp nht.
V d: D liu nhp ng kiu?
D liu c mt trong mi bn ghi khng?
D liu ng qui cch qui nh hay khng?
D liu c nm trong min qui nh hay khng?
D liu nhp c nm trong tp gi tr chun
khng?
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.4 XUT CC PHNG N GII PHP:


Mc tiu: thit lp cc phc ha cho m hnh vt
l, nh gi chi ph v li ch cho cc phc ho,
xc nh kh nng t c mc tiu v s tc
ng ca chng vo lnh vc t chc v nhn s
ang lm vic ti h thng. a cc khuyn ngh
v phng n ha hn nht
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

A. Xc nh cc rng buc v t chc


Ti chnh d tr, ngn sch d chi

Phn b ngi s dng

Phn b trang thit b

Thi gian

Thin hng

Nhn lc
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

B. Cc rng buc v tin hc:


Phn cng

Phn mm

Ngun nhn lc
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

C. Cc phng n gii php


Xy dng bin gii phn chia phn th cng v

tin hc cho cc phng n


Xc nh cch thc x l tng ng vi tng

phng n
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

D. nh gi cc phng n ca gii php:


Phn tch chi ph / li ch

Trc tip - Gin tip


Bin ng - C nh
Hu hnh - V hnh
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

D. nh gi cc phng n ca gii php:


Phn tch a tiu chun

- Xc nh cc tiu chun cn nh gi
- Cho mi tiu chun mt trng s
- Tnh im mi phng n theo tiu chun
- Cng im cho mi phng n
- Tng im chnh l ch tiu so snh cc
phng n
P. n 1 P. n 2 P. n 3
Trng s Mc Mc Mc
im im im
Chtlngtt
50 5 4 3
Tin cy 100 80 5 60 4
20 5 50 4 40 4
y 50 20 4 20 4
10 4 20 4 20 3
Thch hp 20 20 2 15 2
5
4 10 10
D hiu 20 4
5
20 4
Bo mt 20
5
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.5 THIT K VT L NGOI:


3.5.1 Mc tiu: thit k cc giao din vo ra, cc
tng tc vi phn tin hc ho, cc th tc th
cng.
3.5.2 Thit k thng tin vo:
La chn phng tin nhp tin
Thit k khun dng cho thng tin nhp
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Thit k khun dng cho thng tin nhp


Thit k mn hnh nhp liu c khun dng ging

ti liu gc
Nhm cc trng trn mn hnh theo trt t c

ngha, trt t t nhin, tn s, chc nng hoc tm


quan trng
Khng nhp cc thng tin c th tnh ton hoc

truy tm c
t cc gi tr ngm nh ph hp

t tn trng trc hoc trn trng nhp


CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.5.3 Thit k thng tin ra:


La chn phng tin xut tin:
Giy

Mn hnh

Ting ni

Cc vt mang tin t tnh, quang tnh

Thit k khun dng cho thng tin nhp


Thit k trang in trn giy:
- D liu in theo biu
- D liu in theo bng
- D liu in theo bng c s phn nhm
Thit k thng tin ra trn mn hnh:
Mn hnh tng i nh nn cn thit k c th kim
sot thng tin trn mn hnh. Thit k sao cho ngi s
dng c th dng cc phm: ,, Page Up, Page Down hoc
thanh cun Scroll Bar hoc dng phng php lc d liu.
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.5.4 Thit k cc giao tc vi phn tin hc


ho:
Giao tc bng tp hp lnh

Giao tc bng cc phm trn bn phm

Giao tc trn thc n

Giao tc trn biu tng


Giao tc thng quan h thng menu
Giao tc thng quan h thng menu
Giao tc thng quan h thng menu
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.6 TRIN KHAI H THNG THNG TIN:


3.6.1 Mc tiu:
Thit k vt l trong

Lp trnh

Th nghim

Hon thin h thng cc ti liu

o to ngi s dng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.6.2 Thit k vt l trong:


a. Thit k c s d liu vt l trong: m bo
c s d liu cha tt c cc d liu chnh,
khng c d liu d tha.
tip cn d liu nhanh chng v c hiu qu
dng hai phng thc: ch s ho cc tp v
thm cc tp d liu h tr
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

b. Thit k vt l trong cc x l:

CHO THU BNG


A
TRA CU KIM TRA CHO
DM A KHO A THU

A A CA GHI THU
PHIM NHC CHP TIN
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.6.3 Lp chng trnh my tnh:


y l qu trnh chuyn i cc c t thit
k vt l ca cc nh phn tch thnh phn
mm my tnh do cc lp trnh vin m
nhn.
Ch: mi khi mt m un c vit xong
th tin hnh th nghim ring m un
nh mt phn ca chng trnh ln, th
chng trnh nh mt phn ca h thng
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.6.4 Cc k thut th nghim chng trnh:


R sot li c trng

K thut kim tra logic

K thut th nghim th cng

K thut th nghim Modun

K thut tch hp

Th nghim h thng

K thut th nghim STUB


3.6.4 Cc k thut th nghim chng trnh:
K thut kim tra logic

(Ngn ng PASCAL)

Delta = b*b 4ac;


IF (Delta > 0) THEN;
X1 = (-b + SQRT(Delta)) / 2a;
X2 = (-b - SQRT(Delta)) / 2a;
IF (Delta = 0) THEN;
X1 = -b / 2a;
IF (Delta < 0) THEN;
END;
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.6.5 Hon thin ti liu h thng:


Cc thit k bo co

S cu trc: s dng d liu, s quan

h thc th, cc bng quyt nh


Thit k mn hnh

Thit k chng trnh

Cc phng php th nghim

D liu dng th nghim

Kt qu th nghim
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7 CI T, BO TR V KHAI THC H


THNG
3.7.1 Mc tiu: tch hp h thng c pht
trin vo cc hot ng ca t chc sao cho t
sai st nht, p ng c nhng thay i c
th sy ra trong sut qu trnh s dng.
Chuyn i v k thut

Chuyn i v con ngi


CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.2 Cc phng php ci t:


Ci t trc tip

H thng c

Ci t h
thng mi

H thng Thi gian


mi
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.2 Cc phng php ci t:


Ci t song song

H thng c

Ci t h
thng mi

H thng Thi gian


mi
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.2 Cc phng php ci t:


Ci t th im cc b: ci t song song

p dng cho mt b phn


H thng c

Ci t h
thng mi

H thng Thi gian


mi
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.2 Cc phng php ci t:


Ci t th im cc b: ci t trc tip p

dng cho mt b phn


H thng c

Ci t h
thng mi

H thng Thi gian


mi
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.2 Cc phng php ci t:


Ci t ci t theo giai on

H thng H thng c
H thng c Ko m Ko m un
c un 1 t 1,2
Ci t Ci
m un 1 m un 2

M un 1
mi Thi
gian
M un 1, 2
mi
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.3 Bo tr h thng thng tin:


a. Qui trnh bo tr h thng thng tin:
- Thu nhn cc yu cu bo tr
- Chuyn i cc yu cu thnh nhng thay
i cn thit
- Thit k cc thay i cn thit
- Trin khai cc thay i
CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

b. Cc kiu bo tr:
Bo tr hiu chnh: cc li thit k, lp trnh cn

tim n sau ci t
Bo tr thch nghi: sa i h thng ph hp vi

mi trng
Bo tr hon thin: ci tin h thng gii

quyt nhng vn mi hoc tn dng li th ca


nhng c hi mi
Bo tr phng nga: phng nga cc vn sy

ra trong tng lai.


CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V
CI T H THNG THNG TIN

3.7.4 nh gi sau ci t:
- nh gi d n: v thi gian v ngn sch
dnh cho d n so vi d kin
- nh gi h thng: xem xt h thng c t
c mc tiu ra khng
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH


4.1.1 Chc nng h thng thng tin ti chnh
Kim sot v phn tch iu kin ti chnh ca

doanh nghip
Qun tr cc h thng k ton

Qun tr qu trnh lp ngn sch, d ton vn

Qun tr cng n khch hng

Qun l dng tin ca doanh nghip


4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

Tnh v chi tr lng, qun l qu lng, ti sn, thu


hng ho v cc loi thu khc
Qun tr bo him cho cng nhn v ti sn doanh

nghip
H tr qu trnh kim ton bo m tnh chnh xc

thng tin ti chnh v bo v vn u t


Qun l ti sn c nh, qu lng v cc khon u

t
nh gi cc khon u t mi v kh nng huy ng

vn ca cc khon u t
4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

4.1.2 Cc h thng thng tin phc v qun tr


ti chnh:
H thng thng tin ti chnh chin lc: xc

nh cc mc tiu u t v thu hi u t, tn
dng cc c hi u t mi hoc kt hp ngun
vn u t cho doanh nghip
* H thng phn tch tnh hnh ti chnh doanh
nghip
* H thng d bo di hn
4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

4.1.2 Cc HTTT phc v qun tr ti chnh:


H thng thng tin ti chnh sch lc: h

tr ra quyt nh mc sch lc bng cc bo


co tng hp nh k, t xut v cc bo co
c bit
* H thng thng tin ngn sch
* H thng qun l vn bng tin
* H thng d ton vn
* H thng qun tr u t
4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

4.1.2 Cc h thng thng tin phc v qun tr


ti chnh:
H thng thng tin ti chnh tc nghip:

* H thng thng tin k ton


* H thng thng tin k ton t ng
4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

* H thng thng tin k ton: gm 4 nhm


chu trnh nghip v chnh:
Chu trnh tiu th

Chu trnh cung cp

Chu trnh sn xut

Chu trnh ti chnh


4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

* H thng thng tin k ton: cng vic ca k


ton vin i vi cc chng trnh k ton
thit k sn l
Nhp s liu In bo co k ton qun tr
Hoc
Nhp s liu Thc hin thao tc cui k

In bo co k ton qun tr
4.1 H THNG THNG TIN TI CHNH

4.1.3 Cc phn mm qun l ti chnh :


Phn mm bng tnh

Phn mm thng k v d bo

Phn mm ngn ng truy vn v sinh bo co

Cc h thng k ton t ng ho

Cc h thng kim ton v an ton t ng ho

Cc phn mm phn tch ti chnh chuyn dng


CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2 H THNG THNG TIN SN XUT


4.2.1 Chc nng h thng thng tin sn xut
Cung cp nguyn vt liu v cc yu t sn

xut khc
Kim tra cht lng nguyn vt liu

Tm kim ngun nhn lc ph hp

Hoch nh nhu cu nguyn vt liu, nhn

cng, nh xng thit b


CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2.1 Chc nng h thng thng tin sn xut


Sn xut sn phm v cc dch v

Kim tra cht lng sn phm v dch v u

ra
Kim tra v theo di vic s dng v chi ph

cc ngun lc cn thit
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2.2 Cc h thng thng tin sn xut:


H thng thng tin sn xut chin lc:

* Lp k hoch v nh v doanh nghip


* nh gi v lp k hoch cng ngh
* Xc nh quy trnh thit k sn phm v cng
ngh
* Thit k trin khai doanh nghip
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2.2 Cc h thng thng tin sn xut:


H thng thng tin sn xut sch lc:

H thng thng tin qun tr v kim sot hng d tr


H thng hoch nh nhu cu nguyn vt liu
Cc h thng thng tin d tr ng thi im (Just
In Time)
H thng thng tin hoch nh nng lc sn xut
H thng thng tin iu sn xut
H thng thng tin pht trin v thit k sn phm
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2.2 Cc h thng thng tin sn xut:


H thng thng tin sn xut tc nghip

H thng thng tin mua hng


H thng thng tin nhn hng
H thng thng tin kim tra cht lng
H thng thng tin giao hng
H thng thng tin k ton chi ph gi thnh
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2.3 Cc phn mm phc v quyt nh sn


xut:
Phn mm a nng

Phn mm qun tr CSDL


Phn mm qun l d n
Phn mm bng tnh
Phn mm thng k
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.2.3 Cc phn mm phc v quyt nh sn


xut:
Phn mm chuyn dng

Phn mm kim tra cht lng


Phn mm sn xut v thit k
Phn mm la trn nguyn vt liu
Phn mm hoch nh nhu cu nguyn vt liu
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.3 H THNG THNG TIN VN PHNG:


4.3.1 Chc nng ca h thng thng tin vn
phng:
H tr qun tr

X l ti liu

X l d liu
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.3.2 Mt s phng php t chc vn


phng:
Phng php tp trung ho

Phng php phi tp trung

Phng php t chc theo chc nng

Phng php t chc cc nhm lm vic


CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.3.3 Cc cng ngh vn phng:


H thng x l vn bn

H thng sao chp

H thng hnh nh v ho

Cc thit b a nng
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.4 H THNG THNG TIN MARKETING


4.4.1 Chc nng ca h thng thng tin
Marketing:
Nghin cu th trng, lp k hoch

Pht trin sn phm mi: Qung co, Khuyn

mi, Bn hng
Lu kho

Phn phi hng ho v dch v


CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.4.2 Cc h thng thng tin Marketing:


H thng thng tin Marketing chin lc: lp

k hoch v pht trin sn phm mi, tin hnh


d bo di hn
H thng thng tin Marketing sch
lc:qun l, kim tra bn hng, cc k thut
xc tin bn hng, gi c, phn phi cung cp
hng ho dch v
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.4.2 Cc h thng thng tin Marketing:


H thng thng tin Marketing tc nghip:

cc h thng h tr bn hng ho v dch v:


H thng thng tin khch hng tim nng
H thng thng tin lin h khch hng
H thng bn hng t xa
H thng thng tin th trc tip
H thng cung cp sn phm
H thng thng tin phn phi
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.4.3 Phn mm my tnh dnh cho Marketing:


Cc phn mm ng dng cho chc nng Marketing

Phn mm truy vn v sinh bo co


Cc phn mm ha v h thng a phng tin
Phn mm thng k
Phn mm qun tr tp v c s d liu
Phn mm x l vn bn v ch bn in t
Phn mm bng tnh in t
Phn mm in thoi v th in t
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.4.3 Phn mm my tnh dnh cho Marketing:


Phn mm Marketing chuyn bit

Phn mm tr gip nhn vin bn hng


Phn mm qun l bn hng
Phn mm Marketing qua in thoi
Phn mm tr gip khch hng
Phn mm Marketing tch hp
C s d liu Marketing trc tuyn
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.5 H THNG THNG TIN QUN TR NHN


LC
4.5.1 Chc nng ca h thng qun tr nhn
lc:
Lu gi cc thng tin cc thng tin v nhn s

v lp bo co nh k.
Cung cp cc cng c m phng, d bo, phn

tch thng k, truy vn thc hin cc chc nng


x l ngun nhn lc khc.
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.5.2 Cc h thng thng tin qun tr nhn


lc:
H thng thng tin nhn lc chin lc:

H thng d bo cu ngun nhn lc


H thng d bo cung ngun nhn lc
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.5.2 Cc h thng thng tin qun tr nhn


lc:
H thng thng tin nhn lc sch lc:

H thng thng tin phn tch thit k cng vic


H thng thng tin tuyn chn nhn lc
H thng thng tin qun l lng thng v bo
him tr cp
H thng thng tin o to v pht trin ngun nhn
lc
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

H thng thng tin nhn lc tc nghip:


H thng thng tin qun l lng
H thng thng tin qun tr v tr lm vic
H thng thng tin qun l ngi lao ng
H thng nh gi tnh hnh thc hin cng vic v
con ngi
H thng thng tin bo co ln cp trn
H thng tuyn chn nhn vin v sp xp cng vic
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.5.3 Phn mm h thng thng tin qun tr


nhn lc:
Phn mm a nng:

Phn mm qun tr CSDL


Cc CSDL trc tuyn
Phn mm bng tnh
Phn mm thng k
CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN
PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.5.3 Phn mm h thng thng tin qun tr


nhn lc:
Phn mm chuyn dng:

Phn mm h thng thng tin nhn lc thng minh


Phn mm chc nng hu hn

You might also like