Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), genome: Putative underpinnings of polyphagy, insecticide resistance potential and biology of a top worldwide pest

- Many of the genes identified herein have potential for biomolecular pesticide applications..
- Full list of author information is available at the end of the article.
- Conclusions: Availability of the H.
- halys continues to expand its range, it poses major threats to agriculture, especially to such staple crops as corn and soybean grown in the primary agricultural production re- gions of the American Midwest [5].
- Analysis of the H.
- missing only 29 and 13 of the 1,658 Insecta BUSCO genes, respectively (Table 1).
- In support of overall assembly quality, ap- propriate assembly of the highly conserved Hox and Iro-C.
- 1 Genomic resources in the Hemiptera.
- Table 1 BUSCO completeness assessments of the genome assemblies and predicted gene sets of H.
- In contrast, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) are a variant family of the otherwise highly.
- Clustering of the majority.
- 2 Locations of the OBP gene and pseudogene ( Ψ ) clusters in H.
- The lengths of the other scaffolds are: NW bp.
- Singleton homologs of the UV-sensitive opsin gene family were also found in the water strider and the milkweed bug [12, 26].
- In the H.
- Combined, these findings date the expansion of the H..
- halys LW opsin gene cluster to the early evolution of the Pentatomorpha.
- Previous analyses detected candidate tuning substitu- tions in the protein sequences of two of the four water strider LW opsins, potentially explaining the physiological evidence for blue sensitivity in water striders despite the absence of the B-opsin gene family [12].
- Due to the lack of physio- logical data on the spectral sensitivities of photoreceptors in the Pentatomomorpha, it is at this point difficult to speculate about the functional corollaries of the LW opsin gene family expansion in this clade.
- halys, we found singleton orthologs of the Rh7 and C-opsin subfamilies (Fig.
- No sequence evidence of the A-opsin subfamily was detected in H.
- There were early reports of cathepsin B activity in the posterior midgut of the brown stink bug, Euschistus euschistoides [77], and later, cathepsin B and L activities were found in the di- gestive tract of pistachio green stink bug, Brachynema germari [78].
- Digestive cysteine peptidases also have been described in the midgut of the two-spotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus [79].
- halys, we found 41 genes and gene fragments encoding cysteine cathepsins of the C1 family (Fig.
- These sequences have been annotated in most of the insect genome assemblies prepared to date and may eventually be found in an improved H.
- In Drosophila, upd-3 is largely responsible for the activation of the Jak-STAT pathway in the context of an immune response.
- Vago was not found in the H.
- The IMD and JNK signaling pathways were complete with the notable exception of the immune deficiency (IMD) death domain protein itself, which initiates the IMD signaling pathway after peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) attaches to the cell membrane.
- The procaspase precursors to apoptosis, death domain protein Dredd, as well as two homologues of the aspartate-specific cysteine proteases CASP1 were annotated, indicating that the signaling pathway to apoptosis is intact, even in the absence of IMD.
- Of the microsomal and six cytosolic subclasses, only the cytosolic Delta and Epsilon subclasses have been associ- ated with insecticide resistance [126].
- Shaded box represents the monophyletic grouping of the eleven indicated loci on Scaffold NW .
- For example, of the eleven β-esterase genes located on scaffold NW Fig.
- and mito clans contain all of the halloween genes for ecdysone synthesis CYP302A1, CYP306A1, CYP307B1, CYP314A1, CYP315A1 [146] and CYP18 for 20-hydroxy ecdysone turnover [155].
- Cysteine cathepsins of the C1 family observed in H..
- halys-specific instances of cysteine peptidases, which may have been involved in the diversification of the in- sect’s broad dietary selections.
- Genes encoding Toll and JAK/STAT pathway compo- nents, as well as all elements of the JNK signaling pathway, were observed.
- All components of the IMD pathway were present with the exception of IMD itself, which initiates this pathway in vivo.
- This apparent lack of the IMD initiator in H.
- Availability of the H.
- Assembly and annotation completeness assessments Completeness in terms of expected gene content of the H.
- For comparisons with other hemipterans, the same assess- ments were performed on the assemblies and gene sets of the pea aphid, A.
- and also with an updated version of the pipeline as described in the genome analysis of O.
- Comparisons of the above three species with two other hemipterans, the pea aphid, A.
- halys Gnomon-predicted proteins and six-frame translation products of the H..
- For preparation of the global opsin gene tree, H.
- For preparation of the long wave-sensitive opsin gene tree, H..
- Top hits in the H.
- After further re- finement to split fusions and remove variants of the same gene, 141 P450s remained.
- Scaffolds present in the H.
- Phylogenetic organization of the Hemiptera.
- Phylogenetic tree of the OR family.
- Phylogenetic tree of the GR family.
- Phylogenetic tree of the IR family.
- The funding bodies played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript..
- Impact of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug in North America and Europe: history, biology, ecology, and management..
- Pest status of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the USA.
- Evolution of the Insects.
- Genome sequence of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.
- The genome of the water strider Gerris buenoi reveals expansions of gene repertoires associated with adaptations to life on the water.
- Genomes of the rice pest brown planthopper and its endosymbionts reveal complex.
- Behavioral responses of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) to traps baited with stereoisomeric mixtures of 10,11-epoxy-1-bisabolen-3-OL..
- Attraction of the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to traps baited with semiochemical stimuli across the United States.
- Evolution of the vertebrate Hox homeobox genes.
- Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome.
- mirror encodes a novel PBX-class homeoprotein that functions in the definition of the dorsal- ventral border in the Drosophila eye.
- the primary symbiont of the brown marmorated stink bug.
- The origin of the odorant receptor gene family in insects.
- Molecular evolution of the major arthropod chemoreceptor gene families.
- The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- Enormous expansion of the chemosensory gene repertoire in the omnivorous German cockroach Blattella germanica.
- Comparative genomics of the odorant-binding and chemosensory protein gene families across the Arthropoda: origin and evolutionary history of the chemosensory system.
- Unique features of odorant-binding proteins of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis revealed by genome annotation and comparative analyses.
- Genome-wide analysis of the odorant-binding protein gene family in Drosophila melanogaster.
- Odorant binding protein homologues of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
- possible orthologues of the OS-E and OS-F OBPs OF Drosophila melanogaster.
- Identification of odorant-binding proteins of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti: genome annotation and comparative analyses.
- Genome annotation and comparative analyses of the odorant-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.
- The function of the ocelli in two species of bugs: Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) and Nezara viridula (L.
- Characterisation and localisation of the opsin protein repertoire in the brain and retinas of a spider and an onychophoran.
- Twenty years of the MEROPS database of proteolytic enzymes, their substrates and inhibitors.
- Occurrence of digestive cysteine proteases in Perillus bioculatus, a natural predator of the Colorado potato beetle.
- Digestive proteolytic activity in the gut and salivary glands of the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
- A model species for agricultural pest genomics: the genome of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera:.
- Insights into the saliva of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).
- Predicted effector molecules in the salivary secretome of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum): a dual transcriptomic/proteomic approach..
- Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae.
- Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae.
- Host plant driven transcriptome plasticity in the salivary glands of the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni).
- Identification of missing components of the IMD immune signaling pathway and functional characterization of its role in eliminating bacteria..
- Inducible expression of double-stranded RNA reveals a role for dFADD in the regulation of the antibacterial response in Drosophila adults.
- Genomic organization of the glutathione S-transferase family in insects.
- Transcriptome of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae).
- Carboxyl/cholinesterases: a case study of the evolution of a successful multigene family.
- A transcriptome survey spanning life stages and sexes of the harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica.
- Molecular evolution of the insect Halloween family of cytochrome P450s: phylogeny, gene organization and functional conservation.
- Origin and evolution of the CYP4G subfamily in insects, cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in cuticular hydrocarbon synthesis.
- Discovery of the aggregation pheromone of the brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys) through the creation of stereoisomeric libraries of 1-bisabolen-3-ols.
- AphidBase: a centralized bioinformatic resource for annotation of the pea aphid genome.
- Genome sequences of the human body louse and its primary endosymbiont provide insights into the permanent parasitic lifestyle..
- Whole genome sequence of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines.

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