- Sexual-biased gene expression of olfactory- related genes in the antennae of. - In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the antennal transcriptomes of male and female C.. - The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. - If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. - Full list of author information is available at the end of the article. - OBPs, localized in the lymph of trochoid sensilla [4].. - IRs or ORs are localized on the dendrite of the che- mosensory neuron, which can transform the chemical signals from OBPs or CSPs into an electric signal and transmit to the brain [5, 6]. - Later, Honda and Mitsuhashi identified and distinguished the difference between these pests in the adults, larvae and pupal stages [8];. - Konno et al. - Furthermore, Wang et al. - Further- more, we compared the difference of the genes with C.. - The raw reads of the C. - Functional annotation of the C. - In total, 98,214 unigenes were successfully annotated in all databases (Table 2), including unigenes matched to known proteins and 33,852 unigenes (34.46%) in the Swiss-Prot database. - Under the molecular function category, the genes expressed in the antennae were mostly related to binding, catalytic activity and transporter activity (Additional file 1: Figure S1B).. - Olfactory-related genes in the C. - Furthermore, two of the other. - The same re- sults were obtained in the expression of CSPs, ORs and IRs (Additional file 1: Figure S2).. - Most of the olfactory related genes showed more than 90% identity.. - The expression levels are shown as the mean Log10 (TPM + 1) for all of the three biological replicates for both sexes. - close neighbor in the same clade. - On the other hand, OBPs and CSPs genes showed Cnaphalocrocis medinalisin in the same clade as a close neighbor after C. - In the adult tissues (antanna, head, throax, abdomen, leg and wings) riboso- mal protein 49 gene (RP49) and ribosomal protein L13 gene (RPL13) showed more stability than GADPH gene, and Actin gene was unstable (Fig. - However, RPL13 performed unstable in different development stages of the C. - The application of next-generation sequencing technol- ogy in the field of entomology has greatly promoted the efficiency and quantity of gene annotation [19]. - pinicolalis antennal transcriptome dataset, this may depend on the depth of the sequencing.. - The sequence similarity of olfactory-related genes was an- alyzed and shown in the evolution tree (Fig. - Most of the identities are more than 90%. - These two pests were first identified by Koizumi et al. - Wang et al. - ORs and IRs genes indicated the Ostrinia furnacalis is also the close neighbor in the same clade (Additional file 1: Figure S3). - OBPs and CSPs genes showed Cnaphalocrocis medinalisin in the same clade as a close neighbor after C. - Menken et al. - In the course of evolution, leaf-mining type gained the new type of enzymatic system to digest the nutritious freshly fallen leaves. - In a previous study, exper- iments proved the major change in the pheromone blend in various moth species, the existence of differ- ent desaturase from mRNA in the moth pheromone gland [27]. - In Spodoptera frugiperda, due to tandem duplications within a single region of the genome 10 OBP genes expansion was observed when compared with B. - In the same study, the author showed a difference in IRs gene count between the strains, S.. - Table3PercentageidentityofOBP,OR,IRandCSPgenefamilyinC.pinicolaliswiththesiblingC.punctiferalis GenefamilyGenenamesC.pinicolalis accessNo.C.punctiferalisaccessNo.ScoreE-value%IdentityGenefamilyGenenamesC.pinicolalisaccessNo.C.punctiferalisaccessNo.ScoreE-value%Identity Odorant-binding proteinsOBP2MK458342KF0260553063e-10297OdorantreceptorsOR27MK458386KX OBP3MK458343KF0260562105e−6796OR28MK458387KX OBP4MK458344KP9852222782e-9174OR29MK458388KX OBP5MK458345KP9852231806e-9499OR31MK458390KX OBP6MK458346KP9852242492e-7996OR32MK458391KX OBP7MK458347ALC765472882e-9597OR33MK458392KX OBP8MK458348KP9852261931e-9495OR34MK458393KX0844844441e-15363 OBP9MK458349KY1304633302e-11298OR35MK458394KX OBP10MK458350KY1304642511e-8299OR36MK458395KX0844864093e-9893 OBP11MK458351KY1304652804e-8994OR37MK458396KX OBP12MK458352KY1304662212e-5098OR38MK458397KX OBP13MK458353KY1304671241e-3488OR41MK458400KX OBP14MK458354KY1304692712e-3495OR42MK458401KX OBP15MK458355KY1304702971e-9798OR43MK458402KX OBP16MK458356KY1304722263e-7297OR44MK458403KX OBP17MK458357KY1304733073e-10498OR45MK458404KX0844955083e-17563 OBP18MK458358KY1304743535e-11599OR47MK458406KX0844972994e-10099 OBP19MK458359KY1304752521e-8297OR48MK458407KX0844984371e-14879 GOBP1MK458335KY1304682973e-10095OR49MK458408KX0844991143e-2391 GOBP2MK458336KT9838121914e-5799OR50MK458409KX PBP1MK458337MH0066041922e-5997OR51MK458410KX PBP2MK458338KP9852281905e-3395OR52MK458411KX PBP3MK458339KP9852293381e-10095OR53MK458412KX PBP4MK458340KP9852273293e-10693OR54MK458413KX Odorant receptorsOR1MK458361KX OR55MK458414KX OR2MK458362KX OR56MK458415KX OR3MK458363KX ionotropic receptorsIR3MK458418KX OR4MK458364KX IR4MK458419KX OR5MK458365KX IR5MK458420KX OR6MK458366KX IR6MK458421KX OR7MK458367KX IR7MK458422KX OR8MK458368KX0844593393e-11077IR25aMK458424KX . - Table3PercentageidentityofOBP,OR,IRandCSPgenefamilyinC.pinicolaliswiththesiblingC.punctiferalis(Continued) GenefamilyGenenamesC.pinicolalis accessNo.C.punctiferalisaccessNo.ScoreE-value%IdentityGenefamilyGenenamesC.pinicolalisaccessNo.C.punctiferalisaccessNo.ScoreE-value%Identity OR10MK458369KX0844616565e-16587Chemosensory proteinsCSP1MK574125KF0260491541e-4196 OR11MK458370KX CSP2MK574126KF0260502598e-7896 OR12MK458371KX CSP3MK574127KY1304771911e-6090 OR13MK458372KX CSP4MK574128KF0260572265e-6996 OR14MK458373KX CSP5MK574129KF0260582461e-7898 OR15MK458374KX CSP6MK574130KF0260512281e-6797 OR16MK458375KX CSP7MK574131KF0260522011e-5997 OR17MK458376KX CSP8MK574132KF0260531723e-5399 OR18MK458377KX CSP9MK574133KY1304802415e-7896 OR19MK458378KX CSP10MK574134KY1304791978e-7199 OR20MK458379KX CSP11MK574135KY1304802192e-5996 OR21MK458380KX0844725363e-17877CSP13MK574137KY1304822062e-6488 OR23MK458382KX CSP14MK574138KY1304832283e-7192 OR24MK458383KX CSP15MK574139KY1304842374e-7694 OR25MK458384KX . - As in other insects [29 – 31] OBPs and CSPs were de- tected in the antennae of both male and female (Add- itional file 2: Table S1). - Also in Locusta migratoria, nearly 17 CSPs abundantly expressed in the female reproductive organs [47]. - pinicolalis could help to study gene ex- pansion/deletion and existence of other possible IR iso- forms in the C. - were more stable during different development stages of the C. - Different software were used for calculating the refer- ence gene stability at different developmental stages in the yellow peach moth, RP49 and GAPDH were found to be more stable [60]. - Since the expression of the reference gene differs for developmental stages and tissues, therefore the selection of two or more reference genes is useful to calibrate the expression level. - Gao et al. - Also, Actin, GAPDH and RP49 reported being the most stable reference gene in the Calliphoridae family [62]. - According to our results, it is recommended to use GAPDH or RP49 at different developmental stages of the C. - Similarly, our findings indicate that both RP49 and RPL13 are the best reference genes for the different body part of the adult.. - punctiferalis, re- ported by Ge xing et al . - Noteworthy, most of the ORs (OR2, OR3, OR5, OR6, OR13 and OR15) were significantly expressed in male antenna, whereas in C. - Exclusively, PBP (PBP1, 2, 3 and 4) genes expression was highly recorded in the C. - However, most of the gene expres- sion patterns of these olfactory-related proteins were different when compared with C. - We mainly performed a comprehensive analysis of the antennal transcriptome of C. - Mean- while, transcriptome data analysis revealed that most of the olfactory related genes had more than 90% identity with the C. - The integrity of the total RNA was analyzed using 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis [64]. - Reads with uncertain nucleotides larger than 10% of the fragment sequence were removed. - In order to investigate the expression bias in the antennae of both male and female of C. - In the whole dataset of the transcrip- tome, we identified the interested candidate genes accord- ing to their FC, as assessed using corrected p-value (P) of. - The candidate reference gene expression pattern in different development stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) and the different body part of the adult (antanna, head, throax, abdomen, leg and wings) of the C. - The Ct values are plotted against the Log of the cDNA dilutions, efficiency percentage and R 2 values are within the acceptable range [73]. - c) is KEGG pathway annotation of the transcriptome. - DJ and TZ conceived of the study and led data management. - The techniques employed in this study will accelerate the understanding of insect odorant binding proteins as the targets for bioactive semio-chemical molecules in the field of pest control management.. - Jacquin-Joly E, Legeai F, Montagné N, Monsempes C, François MC, Poulain J, Gavory F, et al. - Candidate chemosensory genes in female antennae of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis. - 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