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NH A PF
NH A PF
Trang
M u...........................................................................................................................3
M U
2. Nguyn liu.
Nguyn liu chnh sn xut nha phenolic l phenol v aldehit.
2.1.Phenol.
Cng thc cu to ca phenol:
[5]
C6H6
H2SO4
C6H5SO3H
C6H5SO3H + NaOH
+ H2O.
C6H5SO3Na + H2O.
C6H5SO3Na + NaOH
C6H5ONa +
C6H5OH
H2SO4
+ Na2SO4
lng, tch phenol em chng theo hi nc hoc x l clobenzen bng NaOH10% theo
t l 1:1,25 tng t nh vi Na2CO3.
C6H5Cl
+ H2O
+ H2O.
C6H5OH + HCl .
izopropylbenzen:
C6H6
+ CH2=CH
CH3
C6H5CH(CH3)2.
O2
C6H5C(CH3)2OOH.
Phn gii hydropeoxit bng axit H2SO410% thnh phenol v axeton cng mt s sn
phm ph khc.
C6H5C(CH3)2OOH.
C6H5OH
+ CH3COCH3
Tin hnh chng ct phn on thu phenol. Phng php c xut Lin X
v l phng php kinh t nht hin nay c ng dng nhiu nc trn th gii.
Qu trnh tin hnh p sut thng, nhit 200-250 oC, Cu2+ s dng dng dung
dch 1-5%.
2.1.3.Mt s phenol khc:[3]
Crezol: CH3C6H4OH.
Crezol c ba ng phn:
o-Crerol.
m-Crerol.
p-Crerol.
[6]
HCHO
H2O
O2
CH4
CO +
CH
4 H2
CH
+ 3 H2
123,5 oC,
c s dng tng hp nha rezolic ng dng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau. NH4OH
kt hp vi fomandehit to thnh urotropin v vy ta c th s dng trc tip urotropin
lm xc tc. Hm lng thng ly t 0,5 - 3% so vi phenol. S dng dung dch
amoniac d khng ch tc phn ng nhng c nhc im l sn phm d b rp
trong qu trnh p nng do to kh NH3.
T l cu t:
Trong mi trng kim nu d phenol vn to thnh nha rezolic. y t l cu
Thnh phn ho hc ca cc cu t :
c trng ho hc ca phenol tham gia phn ng ngng t thnh rezolic nh hng
ln n qu trnh a t : tc a t , tc ng rn,..
Cc phenol c ba v tr hot ng ho hc tham gia phn ng rt mnh lit vi
fomandehit v to nha rezolic c nhit rn cao. Nha i t phenol, m-crerol c tc
ng rn cao. Fomandehit thng s dng dng dung dch vi nc gi l
focmalin, nng fomandehit 37- 40%, trong focmalin cha 7- 12% metanol ng vai
tr cht bo qun. S c mt ca metanol lm gim hiu sut ngng t, nng
T l cu t:
th nhit chy mm, trng lng phn t trung bnh, ho rn nhit ca nha
novolac to thnh cng cao, lng phenol t do trong nha cng gim ( lng phenol t
do trong nha cng nh nha cng d chuyn thnh nha rezolic).
iu kin sy v a t:
[11]
ph gia m cht do cc dng khc nhau: testolit ( ph gia l vi, si bng ), thu tinh
testolit ( ph gia l vi thu tinh).
Vt liu si p: Ch yu i t rerolic v ph gia si lm tng mt s tnh cht c
hc: do, chu va p,si lm ph gia c th l si bng, si thu tinh.
Phng php dng lin tc: Qu trnh trong nng cc cu t thay i trong
ton b khng gian phn ng cng ging nh trong qu trnh lin tc tng bc, i vi
qu trnh ny nng hn hp phn ng khng thay i trong sut thi gian phn ng.
Qu trnh dng lin tc thng tin hnh trong thit b dng ng.
5.2. Sn xut novolac theo phng php gin on.
Focmandehyt 37%
HCl 6N
0,5%.
a t:
1%.
0,5%.
ng gi sn phm:
0,5%.
(tn/ngy).
(kg).