z

TRNG I HC NGOI THNG

KHOA KINH T V KINH DOANH QUC T

***************

TIU LUN
ti: ???
Lp tn ch:
Ging vin hng dn:

TS. V Th Hnh

Phng Quang Huy

1311110298

Phn tch hp ng, ha n

thng mi v tng hp tiu lun

Phng Quang Huy

1411110291

Phn tch L/C, n bo him,

hp ng

Nguyn Th Huyn

1411120062

Phn tch vn n, ha n
thng mi, phiu ng gi hng
ha, giy chng nhn xut x

H ni , thng 9 nm 2016

MC LC
LI M U.....................................................................................................................1
CHNG I .........................................................................................................................2
PHN TCH HP NG THNG MI ................................................................2
1. Mt s vn v hp ng ...................................................................................2
1.1

nh ngha hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t ......................................2

1.2

c im ca hp ng ...................................................................................2

1.3

iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng ..................................................................2

1.4

Quy trnh thc hin hp ng ........................................................................3

2. Phn tch hp ng ................................................................................................3

2.1

Cc thng tin chung .........................................................................................3

2.2

Cc iu khon ca hp ng ........................................................................4

CHNG II .......................................................................................................................9
PHN TCH B CHNG T .......................................................................................9
1. Ha n thng mi ..............................................................................................9
1.1

Mt s vn v ha n thng mi ..........................................................9

1.1.1

Khi nim ....................................................................................................9

1.1.2

Chc nng ca ha n thng mi .......................................................9

1.2

Phn tch ha n thng mi ................................................................... 10

2. Phiu ng gi ...................................................................................................... 12
2.1

Khi qut v phiu ng gi ........................................................................ 12

2.1.1

Khi nim ................................................................................................. 12

2.1.2

Tc dng ca phiu ng gi ................................................................ 12

2.1.3

Phn loi phiu ng gi ....................................................................... 12

2.2

Phn tch phiu ng gi ............................................................................. 12

3. Vn n.................................................................................................................. 13
3.1

Khi qut v vn n .................................................................................... 13

3.1.1

Khi nim ................................................................................................. 13

3.1.2

Chc nng ca vn n ......................................................................... 14

3.1.3

Tc dng ca vn n ............................................................................ 14

3.2

Phn tch vn n ......................................................................................... 14

3.2.1

Gii thch cc thng tin trn vn n................................................... 14

3.2.2

Nhn xt v vn n ............................................................................... 19

4. n bo him........................................................................................................ 20
4.1

Tng quan v chng t bo him............................................................... 20

4.1.1

Khi nim ................................................................................................. 20

4.1.2

Cc loi chng t bo him .................................................................. 20

4.1.3

Chc nng ca bo him ....................................................................... 21

4.2

Phn tch n bo him ............................................................................... 21

5. Th tn dng thng mi................................................................................... 22

5.1

Mt s vn v th tn dng thng mi (L/C) .................................... 22

5.1.1

Khi nim L/C ......................................................................................... 22

5.1.2

Quy trnh thanh ton bng L/C ............................................................. 22

5.2

Phn tch L/C ................................................................................................. 23

5.2.1

Cc iu khon chung ............................................................................ 23

5.2.2

Cc iu khon lin quan n hng ha.............................................. 27

5.2.3

Cc quy nh khc .................................................................................. 29

KT LUN ...................................................................................................................... 33
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................ 34

LI M U
Hot ng giao dch thng mi hin nay khng cn l hot ng bn hng trao
tay na m ngy cng mang tnh khoa hc v php l, c th hn l phng thc giao
dch bng hp ng thng mi.
Khi nhc n hp ng tc l nhc n s tha thun gia hai hay nhiu bn
nhm mc ch xc lp , thay i, chm dt ngha v ca cc bn.
ng thi, Hp ng l mt hnh vi php l, l s th hin ch ca cc bn
lm pht sinh quyn v ngha v. Hp ng l loi hnh vi php l c bn v thng
dng nht. ch ca c nhn ng vai tr quan trng trong Hp ng, khi s thng
nht cc ch l thc cht v khng vi phm quy nh php lut th n s lm pht
sinh quyn v cc ngha v. Ngha v ny rng buc cc bn nh lut php. Ni cch
khc, hiu lc ca hp ng l to lp, bin i hay chm dt 1 ngha v.
Nh vy, chng ta c th thy tc dng ca hp ng ln hn, xa hn so vi hnh
thc bn hng trao tay trc kia.
c bit, trong thi i m ca kinh t, hot ng giao dch vi nc ngoi
mnh dn n nhng nhu cu cn c nhng giy t mang tnh php l cao hn l mt
t hp ng ghi iu khon. V vy, hp ng giao thng thng mi quc t ngy
cng c nhiu hn cc loi chng t cng l m bo hp ng ngy cng an ton
cho c 2 bn
Thng qua bi tiu lun phn tch hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t v b
chng t lin quan, nhm s trnh by c th v cc b phn ca mt hp ng hon
chnh hp php, gii thch ngha ca tng loi chng t cng nh c cc nhn xt
v cc chng t ny.

CHNG I
PHN TCH HP NG THNG MI
1. Mt s vn v hp ng
1.1 nh ngha hp ng mua bn hng ha quc t
Hp ng mua bn quc t l s tho thun gia nhng ng s c tr s kinh
doanh nhng nc khc nhau, theo mt bn gi l bn xut khu c ngha v
chuyn vo quyn s hu ca mt bn khc gi l bn nhp khu mt ti sn nht
nh, gi l hng ho; bn nhp khu c ngha v nhn hng v tr tin hng.
1.2 c im ca hp ng
Cc bn c tr s thng mi ti cc nc khc nhau.
Hng ha di chuyn qua khi bin gii quc gia ca mt nc.
ng tin thanh ton l ngoi t i vi mt bn hoc vi c hai bn.
1.3 iu kin hiu lc ca hp ng
Ch th ca hp ng c t cch php l.
Php nhn c ng k kinh doanh.
i tng ca hp ng hp php.
o Hng ha XNK khng thuc danh mc hng cm (Ngh nh 187
2013/N-CP)
o Hng ha XNK theo giy php thuc din qun l ca B Cng
thng v B chuyn ngnh
o Hng ha NK theo ch hn ngch (giy php nhp khu theo ch
hn ngch).
Ni dung ca hp ng phi hp php (C 6 iu khon bt buc):
o iu khon tn hng
o iu khon phm cht
o iu khon s lng
o iu khon gi c
o iu khon giao hng
o iu khon thanh ton
Hnh thc ca hp ng phi hp php
2

1.4 Quy trnh thc hin hp ng

i vi ngi xut khu:
o Chun b hng xut khu
o Thng bo giao hng, kim tra L/C
o Kim tra cht lng hng ha
o Kim dch
o Xin php xut khu hng ha
o Lm th tc hi quan
o Giao nhn hng ha
o Thanh ton tin hng
o Xin giy chng nhn xut x
o Gii quyt khi tranh chp pht sinh
i vi ngi nhp khu:
o M L/C
o Xin php nhp khu
o Lm th tc hi quan
o Thu tu v y thc thu tu/phng tin vn ti
o Giao nhn hng ha
o Kim tra nh nc, gim nh hng ha, kim dch, kim tra v sinh
o Gii quyt tranh chp trong nhp khu hng ha
2. Phn tch hp ng
2.1 Cc thng tin chung
S hiu hp ng: YURG101
Ngy k kt: 30/03/2016. y l thi im nh du s bt u tnh hiu lc
ca hp ng.
Cc bn tham gia
Ngi bn (Ngi xut khu): Ningbo Yieh Union Imp. and Exp. Co., Ltd.
a ch: R524, ta nh Aolisai, Ningbo, Trung Quc.
Tel: 0086-574-88225793
Fax: 0086-574-88225792

Ningbo Yieh Union l mt cng ty thng mi chuyn cung cp cc sn phm

thp nh: thp cn nng, thp khng g cn nng v cn ngui dng cun v dng
tm, thp khng g cn nng dy thanh. Cng ty c thnh lp vo nm 2010 vi
tr s t ti thnh ph Ninh Ba, tnh Chit Giang, Trung Quc, doanh thu hng nm
t khong 5-10 triu -la M. Vi ngun nhn lc hn ch (5-10 nhn vin),
Ningbo Yieh xut khu sn phm ca mnh ch yu sang cc nc chu , ngoi ra
mt s nc chu u cng ang l i tc ca cng ty.
Ngi mua (Ngi nhp khu): Y Viet Co., Ltd
a ch: S 31, ng 429, ph Kim M, phng Ngc Khnh, qun Ba nh,
H Ni
Tel: +84-6384-0090
Fax: +84-6384-0060
Cng ty TNHH Vit vi tn giao dch l Y Viet Company Limited l mt cng
ty sn xut st, thp, gang c thnh lp t nm 2001, n nay c gn 16 nm.
2.2 Cc iu khon ca hp ng
iu khon tn hng: Hot rolled stainless steel STRIPS J1 (thp cun cn
nng khng g STRIPS J1)
o Cch t tn hng: t tn hng km theo quy cch chnh ca hng ha
iu khon phm cht: J1 (201) (Hm lng Ni (Niken): ti thiu 1%, hm
lng Cr (Crom): ti thiu 13%, Hm lng Cu (ng): ti thiu 0.8%).
o Tiu chun: MILLs standard l mt tiu chun ca ngnh cng nghip
kim loi
o y s dng kt hp hai phng php quy nh phm cht l da vo
hm lng cht ch yu (by content) v theo tiu chun (by standard).
Mt hng Quy cch

S lng

USD/MT

Tng tin

(CIF Hi Phng)

(USD)

2,4MM*590MM*C 600MTS

908

544.800,00

3,0*590MM*C

908

90.800,00

Tng

100MTS
700MTS

635.600,00

 iu khon s lng: n v tnh s lng c tnh theo khi lng hng.

o Tng khi lng: 700MTS (10% in total at sellers option): 700 tn
mt (10% ty ngi bn)
o Trng lng cun: About 5-9MTS: Khong 5-9MTS
o n v tnh s lng y l tn mt (MT- theo h o lng mt h,
trong 1MT = 1000KG)
o Phng php quy nh s lng l phng php phng chng. Phng
php ny linh hot hn phng php quy nh chnh xc, to iu kin
thun li cho bn bn v bn mua trong vic thc hin hp ng trong
nhiu trng hp.
o y, dung sai l do ngi bn chn l hp l v iu kin giao hng
l CIF, tc ngi bn hng chu trch nhim thu tu, khi ngi bn
s d dng thu c chnh xc trng ti con tu hoc gi ch trn tu.
o Cn nng ca cun: t 5 9 MTS
o Dung sai dy ca di thp: 0,3mm
o Dung sai chiu rng: -20mm/+5mm
Nhn xt:
o S lng hng ha c quy nh r rng, c th, thun tin cho vic
kim tra hng ha.
o Hp ng quy nh r ngun gc, cc c tnh v vt l v k thut.
iu khon bao b: Khng ng gi (No packing), ch cn in ln cc du
hiu sau: WIDTH, THICKNESS, GROSS WEIGHT, NET WEIGHT,
MADE IN CHINA
iu khon gi c:
o ng tin tnh gi: ng -la M
o Phng php quy nh gi: Gi c nh (908USD/MT)
o y l gi c nh (fixed price) c quy nh vo lc k kt hp ng
v s khng c sa i nu khng c tha thun khc. Thng c
dng cho hp ng c thi hn ngn, gi c t bin ng, ph hp vi
giao dch ln ny.
o Tng gi tr hp ng l 635,600.00 USD
5

 Nhn xt:
o y l gi tr c tnh, gi tr thc s c tnh khi nhn hng da trn
khi lng thc t (by actual net weight basis), gi n v tnh theo gi
c nh trong hp ng, vi cc mc dung sai cho php.
iu kin c s giao hng c lin quan n gi c: gi CIF Hi Phng. Theo
iu kin ny:
o Ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng ln tu. Ri ro i vi hng
ha c di chuyn t ngi bn sang ngi mua khi hng ha c
xp ln tu ti cng i (cng Fuzhou, Trung Quc).
o Ngi bn k hp ng vn chuyn v bo him ch hng ti cng
n cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam.
o Ngi bn mua bo him vi iu kin ti thiu (iu kin bo him
loi C), gi tr bo him bng 110% gi tr hp ng, bo him cho
chng vn ti trn bin.
o Ngi bn thng quan hng ha xut khu, khng thng quan nhp
khu.
o Tuy nhin, hp ng cha dn chiu n Incoterms lm c s.
iu khon giao hng:
o Thi hn giao hng: Ngy giao hng chm nht theo hp ng l trc
hoc ng ngy 31/05/2016, giao bng container (by container)
o Giao hng tng phn: c php (do hng c khi lng ln)
o Chuyn ti: c php
o Cng bc hng: Bt k cng no Trung Quc.
o Cng d hng: Cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam.
iu khon vn ti:
o Phng tin chuyn ch: Trong hp ng c ghi l theo iu kin CIF
nhng khng ni r iu khon v tu (tn tu, c tu, trng ti, mn
nc, chiu di, chiu rng, vn tc,), khi ngi bn s t thu
tu v kh nng tranh chp rt d xy ra.
o Khng c cc iu khon cc ph v xp d hng

 iu khon thanh ton:

o Phng thc thanh ton: tn dng chng t - Thanh ton bng th tn
dng tr ngay (L/C at sight - trong vng 03 ngy k t khi k kt hp
ng).
o Hnh thc thanh ton: tn dng th xc nhn khng th hu ngang, tr
ngay. Xt v tnh an ton, hnh thc ny c ri ro thp cho ngi
hng li, v cho c ngi m th tn dng ngi mua. V nu ngi
bn khng thc hin giao hng ng theo iu khon hp ng th cng
s ko nhn c tin.
o Ngi hng li: Ningbo Yieh Union Imp & Exp. Co., Ltd.
o Tn ngn hng trung gian: Wachova Bank, N.A., New York NY US
o M SWIFT: PNBPUS3NNYC
o Ngn hng hng li: Ngn hng Ningbo
o M SWIFT: BKNBCN2N
o S ti khon: 32012025000851557
Cc chng t i km
o 03 ha n thng mi nguyn bn
o 03 phiu ng gi nguyn bn ch r kch thc tng cun, khi lng
tnh v khi lng c b ca tng cun v c l hng
o 03 vn n bc hng ln tu nguyn bn (nh du cc tr trc)
o Ngi mua cn phi nhn c vn n (Bill of lading) khi hng
n cng th xut vn n vi hng tu lm th tc nhn hng
o Bn gc giy chng nhn xut x (Theo yu cu v phm cht ca hng
ha do bn mua quy nh, bn mua yu cu ngun gc ca hng ha l
Made in China. Do vy, bo m quyn li cho bn mua th trong
b chng t cn phi c giy chng nhn Ngun gc, xut x
(Certificate of Origin)).
o Giy chng nhn tiu chun MILL
o n bo him

 iu khon khiu ni:

Khiu ni c php khi cc thng bo v phm cht c thng qua c
gi bng vn bn n ngi bn v ngi bn nhn c nhng vn bn
ny, c hiu lc 20 ngy khiu ni hao ht trng lng, trong vng 20 ngy
i vi cc li v sai st c th nhn thy c, i vi cc li v sai st
ngm khng nhn thy c, khiu ni c hiu lc 30 ngy k t ngy hon
thnh vic d hng. Cc khiu ni ny phi c h tr bi bin bn ca
SGS (hoc 1 cng ty gim nh c tho thun bi c 2 bn). Trong trng
hp khiu ni hao ht trng lng, phi xut trnh c ho n cn xe ti
ti cng d hng. Franchise (nhng quyn) v s lng l 0.3%. Bin bn
ca SGS s l quyt nh cui cng cho c 2 bn v s lng v phm cht.

CHNG II
PHN TCH B CHNG T
1. Ha n thng mi
1.1 Mt s vn v ha n thng mi
1.1.1 Khi nim
Ha n thng mi l chng t c bn do ngi bn (nh xut khu) pht hnh
xut trnh cho ngi mua chng minh tht s vic cung cp hng ha hay dch v
sau khi hon thnh ngha v giao hng. Ha n thng mi cn l yu cu ca ngi
bn i ngi mua phi thanh ton s tin hng theo nhng iu kin c th ghi trn
ha n.
Ha n thng c lp lm nhiu bn, dng trong nhiu vic khc nhau:
xut trnh cho ngn hng i tin hng, xut trnh cho cng ty bo him tnh
ph bo him, cho hi quan tnh thu.v.v..
1.1.2 Chc nng ca ha n thng mi
Trong thanh ton, ha n ng vai tr trung tm ca b chng t. Trng
hp b chng t c hi phiu km theo, thng qua ha n, ngi tr tin
c th kim tra lnh i tin trong ni dung ca hi phiu. Nu s tin ghi
trn hi phiu khng ng vi ha n th ha n c tc dng thay th hi
phiu, lm c s cho vic i tin v tr tin.
Trong khai bo hi quan, ha n th hin gi tr hng ho v l bng chng
cho s mua bn, v l c s tin hnh kim tra v tnh tin thu.
Trong nghip v tn dng, ho n vi ch k chp nhn tr tin ca ngi
mua c th lm vai tr ca mt chng t bo m cho vic vay mn.
Ho n cung cp nhng chi tit v hng ho, cn thit cho vic thng k,
i chiu hng ho vi hp ng v theo di thc hin hp ng.
Trong mt s trng hp nht nh, bn sao ca ho n c s dng nh
l mt th thng bo kt qu giao hng, ngi mua chun b nhp hng
v chun b tr tin.
Trong ha n phi nu c im hng ha, n gi, tng gi tr hng ha,
iu kin c s giao hng, phng thc thanh ton, phng tin vn ti
9

1.2 Phn tch ha n thng mi

Ngi bn: Ningbo Yieh Union Imp. And Exp. Co., Ltd.
o a ch: R524 Aolisai Bld, Ningbo, China
o in thoi/fax: 008657-488225793/5792
Ngi mua: Ngn hng Thng mi c phn u t v pht trin Vit Nam
chi nhnh Thanh Xun
S ha n: YURG101, cp ngy 20/04/2016
S hiu hp ng: YURG101
S L/C: 22210370012187
Cng ni i v ni n: t cng Fuzhou Trung Quc n cng Hi Phng,
Vit Nam
Tn hng: thp cun khng g cn nng STRIPS 201
Du hiu hng:
o WIDTH:
o THICKNESS:
o GROSS WEIGHT:
o NET WEIGHT:
o MADE IN CHINA:
n gi: 908USD/MT CIF cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam, Incoterms 2010
Sn

Quy cch

phm

gi S

lng

(USD/MT)

cun

Thnh tin(USD)

2,2MM*590MM*C

91,538

908

12

83166,504

2,4MM*590MM*C

169,552 908

22

153953,216

3MM*590MM*C

105,472 908

14

95768,576

366,562

48

332838,296

Tng

Tng s tin bng ch: Ba trm ba mi hai ngn tm trm ba mi tm la hai trm chn mi su cent.
Ch k v ng du ca ngi lp ha n.

10

 Nhn xt:
o Cc thng tin v ngi bn v ngi mua y v khp vi quy
nh trong L/C.
o Ngy lp ha n l ngy 20/04/2016, trng vi ngy lp phiu ng
gi v trc ngy cp vn n, thng tin ny l hp l.
o Theo iu 18 UCP 600:
o Hp ng mua bn c phn tch s dng phng thc thanh ton l
tn dng chng t, do vy ngi lp ha n phi l ngi hng th
ghi trn L/C. i chiu vi L/C, ngi lp ha n khp vi ngi th
hng trong L/C (chnh l bn xut khu Ningbo Yieh Union Imp. and
Exp. Co., Ltd.)
o Ha n c lp cho ngn hng m th tn dng BIDV, ghi ng
tn ngi bn v ngi mua trong L/C
o Ha n c ch k ca ngi bn, m L/C ca ngn hng pht hnh,
s lng cun thp v tng khi lng tnh ph hp vi mc 46A trong
L/C
o iu kin giao hng c th hn trong hp ng khi dn chiu n
Incoterms 2010
o Tng s lng hng, quy cch v s cun hon ton khp vi phiu
ng gi. Tuy nhin trong phn s lng hng ha khng h c ghi n
v (MT), y l mt thiu st ca ha n. Ngoi ra, ha n c lp
l hp l.
o Phiu ng gi.

11

2. Phiu ng gi
2.1 Khi qut v phiu ng gi
2.1.1 Khi nim
Phiu ng gi l bn k khai tt c hng ha ng trong mt kin hng (thng
hng, container,). Phiu ng gi c lp khi ng gi hng ha v c t trong
bao b sao cho ngi mua c th d dng tm thy, cng c khi c trong mt ti
gn bn ngoi bao b.
2.1.2 Tc dng ca phiu ng gi
Phiu ng gi hng ha c k pht hnh bi ngi bn v thng c lp
thnh 3 bn:
Mt bn trong kin hng cho ngi nhn hng c th kim tra hng
trong kin khi cn, n l chng t i chiu hng ha thc t vi hng
ha do ngi bn gi.
Mt bn km theo ha n thng mi v cc chng t khc lp thnh b
chng t xut trnh cho ngn hng lm c s thanh ton tin hng.
Mt bn cn li lp h s lu.
2.1.3 Phn loi phiu ng gi
Ngoi loi phiu ng gi thng thng, cn c cc loi sau:
Phiu ng gi chi tit (Detailed packing list): l phiu ng gi c ni dung
lit k t m hng ha trong kin hng. i khi ni dung khng c g khc
bit so vi phiu ng gi thng thng, nhng nu n c tiu l phiu
ng gi chi tit th n tr thnh phiu ng gi chi tit.
Phiu ng gi trung lp (Neutrai packing list) l phiu ng gi trong
khng ghi tn ngi bn v ngi mua nhm ngi mua c th s dng
phiu ny bn li hng ha cho ngi th ba.
2.2 Phn tch phiu ng gi
Ngi gi: Ningbo Yieh Union Imp. And Exp. Co., Ltd.
a ch: R524 Aolisai Bld, Ningbo, China
in thoi/fax: 008657-488225793/5792
Ngi nhn: Ngn hng Thng mi c phn u t v pht trin Vit Nam
chi nhnh Thanh Xun.
12

 S ha n: YURG101, cp ngy 20/04/2016

S hiu hp ng: YURG101
S L/C: 22210370012187
Cng ni i v ni n: t cng Fuzhou Trung Quc n cng Hi Phng,
Vit Nam.
Tn hng: thp cun khng g cn nng STRIPS 201
Du hiu hng:
o WIDTH:
o THICKNESS:
o GROSS WEIGHT:
o NET WEIGHT:
o MADE IN CHINA:
Qui cch sn phm:
Tng khi lng: 366,562 MTS
Khi lng tnh: 366,562 MTS
Tng s cun: 48
Ch k v ng du ca ngi gi
Nhn xt:
Phiu ng gi khng ghi tn tu, ngy xut pht, khng ghi tn v a ch
ngi c thng bo, a ch ca ngi mua.
Cc ni dung m t hng ho, quy cch sn phm, m hiu ph hp vi
quy nh ca L/C, cc ni dung cn li khng mu thun vi cc chng t
khc.
Tng khi lng hng bng 366,562 kgs, nh hn 700 kgs (700 MTS) nhng
vn m bo hp l v hp ng cho php giao hng tng phn.
3. Vn n
3.1 Khi qut v vn n
3.1.1

Khi nim
Vn n (Bill of Lading - vit tt l B/L) l chng t vn chuyn ng bin do

ngi vn chuyn hoc i din ca h k pht cho ngi giao hng sau khi hng ha
c xp ln tu hoc sau khi nhn hng ha vn chuyn n ni tr hng.
13

Trong thc tin hng hi, ngi k vn n thng l thuyn trng hoc l i l
ca tu nu h c thuyn trng y quyn.
3.1.2

Chc nng ca vn n
L bng chng v vic ngi vn chuyn nhn hng ha vi s lng,
chng loi v tnh trng nh ghi trn vn n vn chuyn n ni tr
hng.
L bng chng v s hu hng ha dng nh ot v nhn hng.
L bng chng ca hp ng vn chuyn.

3.1.3

Tc dng ca vn n
Lm cn c khai hi quan, lm th tc xut nhp khu hng ha,
Lm ti liu km theo ha n thng mi trong b chng t m ngi bn
gi cho ngi mua (hoc ngn hng) thanh ton tin hng,
Lm chng t cm c, mua bn, chuyn nhng hng ha,
Lm cn c xc nh s lng hng ha c ngi bn gi cho ngi
mua, da vo ngi ta thng k, ghi s v theo di vic thc hin hp
ng.

3.2 Phn tch vn n

3.2.1

Gii thch cc thng tin trn vn n

a. Cc thng tin chung

Tiu ca vn n: Bill of lading (non negotiable unless consigned to
order), (c th c hoc khng)
Loi vn n ny khng th chuyn nhng c tr khi pht hnh theo
lnh.
Vn n trong trng hp ny c th chuyn nhng c do c pht
hnh theo lnh ca ngn hng m th tn dng BIDV (xem mc Consignee
bn di).
Tn hng vn ti: OOCL Orient Overseas Container Line
OOCL l 1 cng ty Hng Kng chuyn cung cp dch v vn ti v hu cn
ln nht th gii vi hn 320 vn phng trn khp 70 quc gia. Cng ty c
hn 300 tu thuc nhiu hng khc nhau vi sc cha dao ng t 2500
TEU n 13,000 TEU (1 TEU tng ng vi kch thc ca mt container
14

20 feet tiu chun) v c tu i trn a hnh bng trong iu kin thi tit
khc nghit.
S vn n (Bill of Lading No.): OOLU2571770370
Mi vn n u c s ring ca n phn bit vi cc vn n khc ng
thi ghi ln cc chng t khc c tc dng lm tham chiu. Ngoi ra,
s vn n c th gip tra cu hnh trnh ca hng ha thng qua cc dch
v in t.
Ngi gi hng (Shipper/Exporter): Ningbo Yieh Union Imp. and Exp. Co.,
Ltd, khp vi thng tin ngi bn trong hp ng.
Ngi nhn hng (Consignee): to order of JSC Bank for Investment and
Development of Vietnam, Thanh Xuan Branch, ngha l theo lnh ca Ngn
hng Thng mi c phn u t v Pht trin Vit Nam, chi nhnh Thanh
Xun (Ni dung ny ph hp vi khon 3, mc 46A trong L/C).
Cn c vo tnh s hu i vi vn n, c 3 loi vn n:
o Vn n ch danh (Straight B/L): l vn n m trn ghi r tn, a
ch ngi nhn hng, v nh chuyn ch ch giao hng cho ngi c
tn trn vn n .
o Vn n v danh (To bearer B/L): l vn n khng ghi tn ngi nhn
hng, do bt c ai cm vn n ny u tr thnh ch s hu ca
vn n v hng ha ghi trn vn n
o Vn n theo lnh (To order B/L): l vn n m trn ghi giao hng
theo lnh ca mt ngi no . Thng trong phn Consignee s in
l to (the) order of.... , c th theo lnh ca mt ngi ch danh, ca
ngi gi hng (to (the) order of the shipper) hay theo lnh ca ngn
hng m th tn dng.
Vn n xem xt y thuc loi vn n c pht hnh theo lnh ca
ngn hng m th tn dng. Ngn hng s k hu v ng du ln mt sau
ca vn n trong ghi ch danh tn ngi hng li (k hu ch danh)
hoc k hu theo lnh ngi hng li c th chuyn nhng cho ngi
tip theo. Ngoi ra cn c th k hu cho chnh ngi k hu hay k hu
min truy i.
15

 Ngi c thng bo (Notify party): Y Viet Company Limited (tn cng

ty, a ch, in thoi v s fax hon ton ph hp vi yu cu trong khon
3, iu 46A ca L/C).
Khi nhn c thng bo hng n, ngi mua (cng ty Vit) s thanh
ton cho Ngn Hng pht hnh (Ngn Hng BIDV) khon ph nh tha
thun theo hp ng mua bn v nhn vn n k hu bn gc ly hng.
Tuy nhin, trong trng hp vic thng bo tht bi th hng cng khng
phi chu bt c trch nhim no.
Tn tu v c tu (Vessel/ voyage flag): Far East Grace 6065/ Hong Kong.
C th dng s hiu ny theo di (tracking) hnh trnh ca tu ch hng.
Pre-carriage by: Hot ng vn chuyn ni a Container hng xut khu
trc khi Container c xp ln tu
Mc ny trng trong vn n, ngha l ngi gi hng khng thu ngi
chuyn ch vn chuyn ni a.
Ni nhn hng (Place of receipt): Fuzhou Port China (cng Fuzhou, Trung
Quc)
Ni nhn hng l ni hng ha c ngi gi hng giao cho ngi vn
chuyn hoc i l ca ngi vn chuyn, c th khc vi cng bc hng.
Cng bc hng (Port of loading): Fuzhou Port China
Cng xp hng l cng Fuzhou, Trung Quc, tha mn mc 44E Cng xp
hng trong L/C (any port in China- bt c cng no ca Trung Quc)
Cng d hng (Port of discharge): Hai Phong Port, Viet Nam
Cng d hng l cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam, ph hp vi mc 44F trong th
tn dng.
Place of delivery: Hai Phong Port, Viet Nam.
Ni giao hng l cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam. y l im n cui cng ca
hng ha, ni ngi vn chuyn hon thnh ngha v ca mnh.
Do ni nhn hng trng vi cng bc hng v ni giao hng trng vi cng
d hng trong trng hp ny nn c th hiu rng, t ch hng hoc ngi
giao nhn do ch hng thu thc hin hot ng vn chuyn ni a ch
khng phi hng tu.
16

 Ni pht hnh vn n gc (Originals to be released at): Fuzhou

iu ny hon ton hp l v vn n thng c k pht sau khi bc hng
ln tu (vic bc hng y din ra ti cng Fuzhou)
Hnh thc vn chuyn (Type of movement):
o FCL/FCL (Full Container Load) ngha l vn chuyn nguyn
container, theo ngi chuyn ch nhn nguyn container cng i,
ri khi n cng n, tr nguyn container. Hnh thc vn chuyn ny
thng p dng vi cc mt hng ng nht, ng y mt
container hoc nhiu hn s mang li hiu qu cao. Hng ha trong
trng hp ny l thp cun cn nng, c hnh thc l cc cun hnh
tr c tnh ng nht tng i cao, ph hp vi FCL.
o CY/CY (container yard to container yard) hm ngi vn chuyn c
trch nhim v ngha v vn chuyn t bi container nc ngi bn
n bi container nc ngi mua.
Theo phng thc vn chuyn ny, cc bn c ngha v nh sau:
i vi ngi gi hng FCL
Thu v vn chuyn container v kho
ng hng vo container
Lm th tc hi quan, nim phong, kp ch
Vn chuyn v giao container cho ngi chuyn ch ti CY
Ly vn n
Chu cc chi ph lin quan
i vi ngi ch hng FCL
Pht hnh vn n
Qun l, chm sc container
a cont ra cng xp ln tu
Vn chuyn container
D container ti cng a v CY
Giao container cho ngi xut trnh vn n
Thu hi vn n
Chu cc chi ph lin quan
17

i vi ngi nhn hng FCL

Thu xp giy t nhp khu, lm th tc hi quan v np thu
Xut trnh vn n
Vn chuyn container v kho bi ca mnh
Chu cc chi ph lin quan
b. Thng tin v hng ha
S container, s seal (CNTR. Nos. W/SEAL. Nos.)
OOLU l m ca 1 loi container ca cng ty OOCL cn DMZ l m kp
ch. Kp ch cn gi l seals l mt loi dng c nim phong dng nim
phong hng ha. Khi giao hng ti cng, hi quan phi kp ch nim
phong hng ha kim nh trnh hin tng rt rut container, bo m
an ton cho l hng.
M t hng ha (Description of goods): 3 coils FCL/FCL /20GP/
Ngha l ch nguyn container, 3 cun/1container, s dng container 20 feet
thng thng. (Container 20 thng thng c cc kch thc bn ngoi nh
sau: di 20, rng 8 v cao 86. Cc hng tu thng quy nh trng ti ti
a ca hng ha i vi loi container ny l 25MTS, vi quy nh nh vy
th vic ng 3 cun/1container l ph hp v mi cun c trng lng
khong 5MTS - 9MTS)
S th tn dng (L/C Number): 22210370012187
(Vn c lp da trn th tn dng s 22210370012187)
Freight prepaid: ngi bn tr cc thu tu, tnh vo gi hng. iu ny
ph hp vi khon 3, mc 46A theo quy nh trong L/C
Trng lng c b (Gross Weight)
Khi lng tnh (Net Weight): trong trng hp ny, Gross weight bng Net
Weight v bng 366.562 kgs do theo hp ng, hng khng cn ng gi.
Khi lng ny nh hn khi lng hng tha thun trong hp ng l
700.000 kgs (700 MTS), v vy hng c giao thnh tng phn. Vic
giao hng tng phn l c php theo quy nh ca hp ng v L/C.
Th tch (Measurement): 46.720 CBM
(Th tch ca l hng l 46,720 m3 )
18

 Tng s lng: 48 cun

Theo UCP 600 th m t hng ha cc chng t (tr Invoice) u c th
m t chung chung, min l khng mu thun vi L/C.
S bn vn n gc c pht hnh l 3 bn, ph hp vi quy nh trong
L/C, mc 46A. Vic pht hnh 3 bn gc l nhm trnh tht lc, hng n
trc m khng c vn n trong khi mun nhn hng sm m khng ch
vn n gc.
Ngy bc hng (Date laden on board): 24 April 2016 (24/04/2016)
Ngy cp vn n (Dated): 24 April 2016
Cm t laden on board l ch thch v vic hng c xp ln tu vo
ngy 24/04/2016, vy ngy pht hnh vn n trng ngy bc hng ln tu
v cng chnh l ngy giao hng. Thi gian giao hng ph hp vi thi gian
giao hng quy nh trong L/C: mc 44C- giao hng chm nht vo ngy
31/05/2016).
Thi im pht hnh vn n c ngha quan trng trong thanh ton quc
t.Mt mt n th hin trch nhim chuyn ch hng ha v trch nhim v
hng ha i vi ngi chuyn ch. Mt khc n l bng chng chng minh
rng ngi bn hon thnh ngha v i vi ngi mua.
3.2.2 Nhn xt v vn n
Cn c vo tnh trng bc xp hng ha, vn n trn thuc loi vn n
xp ln tu do c nh du laden on board vo ngy 24/04/2016.
Vn n ny ch c k pht cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng ha thc
s xp trn tu. Vi iu kin giao nh y l CIF th hng phi giao qua
lan can, do vy thng yu cu B/L bc hng ln tu mi thanh ton
tin hng, v n chng t hng bc ln tu v ngi bn hon thnh ngha
v. Cn i vi ngi nhp khu, thng mun c cung cp vn n
xp hng v khi c vn n, ngi nhn hng yn tm v hng ha hn l
vn n nhn hng xp (Received for shipment bill of lading).
Cn c vo ph ch trn vn n, y c coi l vn n hon ho do
khng c ch thch khim khuyt ca hng ha. Loi vn n ny c ngn
hng cho php thanh ton bng L/C
19

 Cn c vo tnh php l ca hng ha, vn n ny l vn n gc, c ghi

Original, tuy nhin vic c th chuyn nhng c hay khng l ty
thuc vo lnh ca ngn hng- nh ghi ch u vn n (Nonnegotiable unless consigned to Order)
Cn c vo tnh lu thng ca vn n, y l vn n theo lnh do mc
Consignee ghi r hng c giao theo lnh ca ngn hng BIDV.
y l vn n ch (Master B/L) do:
o Vn n c cp vo ngy hng c xp ln tu (24/04/2016)
o Vn n do chnh i l ca hng tu OOCL k pht (Signed byas
agent for Origin Orient Overseas Line, as carrier)
o Mt trc ca vn n c ghi tn hng vn chuyn km logo.
o Ngi gi hng l Shipper ch khng phi l Consignor nh i vi
vn n th cp.
Ocean freight prepaid: Total nos. of containers/packages received and
acknowledged by carrier for the purpose of calculation of package
limitation

(if

applicable):

16

container(s)/package(s):

Tng

container/kin hng nhn v xc nhn bi ngi chuyn ch l 16 kin,

cc thu tu ngi bn tr.
Destination charges collect per line tariff and to be collected from the party
who lawfully demands delivery of the cargo.
Shipper load and count, container(s) sealed by shipper : hng c bc
ln, kim ha v nim ch.
4. n bo him
4.1 Tng quan v chng t bo him
4.1.1 Khi nim
Chng t bo him l nhng chng t do c quan bo him cp cho cc
n v xut nhp khu xc nhn v vic hng ho c bo him v
l bng chng ca hp ng bo him.
4.1.2 Cc loi chng t bo him
n bo him (Insurance Policy): l chng t do cng ty bo him cp cho
ngi mua bo him, th hin nhng iu kin chung v c tnh cht thng xuyn
20

v quy nh trch nhim rng buc ca ngi bo him.Bn cnh cn quy nh

cc iu kin ring bit c th nh i tng bo him, tr gi bo him, ph bo
him,... Bo him n th hin c tt c cc iu khon c bn trong hp ng bo
him, a ra nhng chi tit y v cc ri ro c bo him. Do vy, bo him
n c gi tr v c s dng nhiu nht.
Giy chng nhn bo him (Insurance certificate): Ni dung ca giy chng
nhn bo him gn ging nh ni dung ca bo him n v cc iu khon nh i
tng bo him, gi tr bo him, ph bo him. Giy chng nhn bo him c cp
trong mi chuyn hng da trn hp ng bo him.Tuy nhin, giy chng nhn bo
him khng c nhng iu khon chung v c tnh cht thng xuyn v quy nh
trch nhim ca ngi bo him v ngi c bo him, ch a ra nhng chi tit
ngn gn v cc ri ro c bo him. Bo him n v giy chng nhn bo him
u l bng chng ca hp ng bo him u c gi tr nh nhau yu cu cng
ty bo him bi thng khi c tn tht xy ra.
Phiu bo him (Cover note) l chng t do ngi mi gii bo him cp trong
khi ch lp chng t bo him. y l chng t mang tnh cht tm thi khng c
gi tr lu thng v khng c gi tr gii quyt tranh chp khi tn tht xy ra nn
Ngn hng t chi tip nhn phiu bo him.
4.1.3 Chc nng ca bo him
L chng t xc nhn k kt mt hp ng bo him v cc iu kin
trong hp ng .
Xc nhn vic tr ph bo him, do tha nhn rng hp ng bo him ni
trn c hiu lc.
L chng t cn thit khiu ni hng bo him v nhn tin bi thng bo
him khi c tranh chp, kin tng xy ra.
4.2 Phn tch n bo him
S hp ng: ANIB900242160022296K
Cng ty bo him: China Pacific Property Insurance coLtd (CPIC).
Bn mua bo him: Ningbo Union Imp. And Exp. Co., Ltd.
Add: R524, Aolisai Bld, Ningbo, China.
Tel/fax: 0086574882257/5792
21

 Hng ho c bo him: Thp cun cn nng khng g m 201

S lng: 48 cun
n v tin t v gi tr c bo him: 366.122,12 la M
Thi gian bo him: tnh theo vn n tc l: bt u tnh t ngy 24/04/2016
(ngy bt u giao hng ln tu) cho n khi ngi nhp khu nhn hng hay
hng ho chuyn s hu sang cho ngi nhp khu.
Cng i: cng Fuzhou, trung quc.
Cng n: cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam
Tn tu v hi trnh: Far East Grace 6065
iu kin bo him: ton b ri ro.
Da vo hp ng v cc chng t lin quan, chng ta c th thy gi hng ho
y c tnh theo gi CIF cng Hi Phng Incoterms 2010. Cn c theo hp ng
v L/C th gi tr ca bo him l 110% tng gi tr thc ca hng ho.
Kt lun: sau khi i chiu vi hp ng, vn n, L/C v cc chng t lin
quan khc, thng tin v cc iu khon iu kin trn h bo him l hon ton tng
ng v thch hp vi cc chng t i km.
5. Th tn dng thng mi
5.1 Mt s vn v th tn dng thng mi (L/C)
5.1.1 Khi nim L/C
L mt cam kt thanh ton c iu kin bng vn bn ca mt t chc ti chnh
(thng thng l ngn hng) i vi ngi th hng L/C (thng thng l ngi
bn hng hoc ngi cung cp dch v) vi iu kin ngi th hng phi xut trnh
b chng t ph hp vi tt c cc iu khon c quy nh trong L/C, ph hp vi
Quy tc thc hnh thng nht v tn dng chng t (UCP 600) c dn chiu trong
th tn dng v ph hp vi Tp qun ngn hng tiu chun quc t dng kim tra
chng t trong phng thc tn dng chng t (ISBP 745).
5.1.2 Quy trnh thanh ton bng L/C
1) Ngi nhp khu gi chp nhn thanh ton bng th tn dng cho ngi xut
khu.
2) Ngi nhp khu gi n ngh m L/C cho ngn hng pht hnh.
3) Ngn hng pht hnh sau khi kim tra tn nhim ca ngi nhp khu s
22

tin hnh m th tn dng cho ngi xut khu hng li v yu cu mt ngn

hng chu trch nhim thng bo th tn dng.
4) Ngn hng thng bo thng bo th tn dng cho ngi xut khu.
5) Ngi xut khu giao hng ti cng i. Ngi giao nhn vn ti s chun b
chng t. B chng t ny th hin quyn s hu l hng c giao c bao
gm vn n.
6) Quyn s hu b chng t xut khu (ha n thng mi, vn n, n bo
him) s c gi ti ngn hng thng bo L/C bi ngi xut khu. Nu
nh ngi xut khu ng thanh ton chm th s gi cho ngi nhp khu
hi phiu tr chm. Nu khng s k pht hi phiu tr ngay.
7) Ngn hng thng bo chuyn chng t cho ngn hng pht hnh
8) Nu ngi nhp khu tr tin ngay th ngn hng pht hnh s trao quyn s
hu chng t cho ngi nhp khu. Nu l tn dng c k hn th ngn hng
pht hnh chp nhn hi phiu k hn.
9) Ngi nhp khu nhn quyn s hu b chng t
10)Ngi nhp khu xut trnh chng t cho hi quan nhn hng
11)Ngn hng pht hnh tr tin cho ngn hng thng lng (thng l ngn
hng thng bo th tn dng)
5.2 Phn tch L/C
5.2.1 Cc iu khon chung
Ngi gi: Ngn hng TMCP u t v Pht trin Vit Nam BIDV
Ngi nhn: Ngn hng Ningbo, Trung Quc.
27: Tng s bn: 1/1
40A: Loi th tn dng: khng th hu ngang tr ngay, trong vng 3 ngy k
t ngy hng bt u c vn chuyn (at sight irrevocable L/C).
Th tn dng khng th hy ngang (Irrevocable letter of credit): L loi th
tn dng m sau khi c m th ngn hng m L/C phi chu trch nhim
thanh ton tin cho t chc xut khu v t chc nhp khu s khng c t
sa i, b sung hay hy b nhng ni dung ca L/C nu khng c s ng
ca t chc xut khu. Loi L/C khng hy ngang m bo quyn li cho
bn xut khu v hin nay ang c s dng ph bin. Mt im cn ch
23

rng nu L/C khng ghi l hy hay khng c hy b, th n ng nhin

c tha nhn l khng th hy b (iu 3 UCP 600-ICC 2006).
Th tn dng tr ngay (L/C at sight): L loi th tn dng trong ngi xut
khu s c thanh ton ngay khi xut trnh cc chng t ph hp vi iu
khon quy nh trong Th tn dng ti ngn hng ch nh thanh ton. Trong
trng hp ny ngi xut khu s k pht hi phiu tr ngay yu cu thanh
ton.
Sau khi ngi xut khu giao hng ln tu cho ngi vn chuyn v nhn c
vn n, cng cc b chng t ph hp, ngi xut khu mang b chng t
ny n bt k ngn hng no ti Trung Quc xut trnh b chng t. Ta c
th gi l ngn hng A, ngn hng ny c gi l ngn hng thng bo. Ngn
hng A s chuyn chng t cho ngn hng pht hnh l BIDV chi nhnh Thanh
Xun. Sau khi kim tra ton b chng t, nu khng c sai st v sai lch,
ngn hng BIDV Thanh Xun s gi tin sang cho ngn hng thng bo, v
ngn hng thng bo s thanh ton y cho ngi xut khu l cng ty
Ningbo.
20: S hiu: 22210370012187
Hnh thc gi th tn dng: SWIFT 700.
SWIFT l Hip hi vin thng lin ngn hng v cc t chc ti chnh quc t
(Vit

tt

ca

Society

for

Worldwide

Interbank

and

Finacial

Telecommunication). y l mt hip hi m thnh vin l cc ngn hng v

cc t chc ti chnh, mi ngn hng tham gia l mt c ng ca SWIFT.
Phng chm hot ng ca hip hi l phc v cc ngn hng ch khng
phi li nhun. L do s dng SWIFT ca cc ngn hng trn th gii l da
vo nhng u im ca n nh:
o N l mt mng truyn thng ch s dng trong h thng ngn hng v
cc t chc ti chnh nn tnh bo mt cao v an ton
o Tc truyn thng tin nhanh cho php c th x l c s lng ln
giao dch
o Chi ph cho mt in giao dch thp
o S dng SWIFT s tun theo tiu chun thng nht trn ton th gii.
24

y l im chung ca bt c ngn hng no tham gia SWIFT c th

ha ng vi cng ng ngn hng trn th gii.
Tuy nhin cn phi hiu rng SWIFT l mt trong cc phng tin
truyn tin thanh ton quc t chnh, bn cnh vn phi s dng cc
phng tin truyn tin khc.
Tiu chun in SWIFT dng trong phng thc L/C: Mu in 700:
Pht hnh th tn dng.
31.C: Ngy m/ngy pht hnh: 04/04/2016 lc 17:36, gi Vit Nam, l ngy
bt u pht sinh cam kt tr tin ca ngn hng pht hnh, l mc tnh thi
hn hiu lc ca L/C ng thi l cn c ngi th hng (ngi xut khu)
kim tra vic thc hin ngha v u tin ca ngi yu cu pht hnh L/C
(ngi nhp khu).
40E: Lut p dng: UCP phin bn mi nht hin hnh UCP 600. UCP l
vit tt ca The Uniform Custom and Practice for Documentary Credits
(Quy tc thc hnh thng nht v tn dng chng t). Bn UCP u tin c
ICC pht hnh t nm 1933 vi mc ch khc phc cc xung t v lut iu
chnh tn dng chng t gia cc quc gia bng vic xy dng mt bn quy
tc thng nht cho hot ng tn dng chng t. Theo nh gi ca cc chuyn
gia, UCP l bn quy tc (thng l quc t) t nhn thnh cng nht trong lnh
vc thng mi. Ngy nay, UCP l c s php l quan trng cho cc giao
dch thng mi tr gi hng t la hng nm trn th gii.
UCP l vn bn php l c s rng buc cc bn tham gia thanh ton bng
phng thc L/C. UCP 600 c 39 iu khon, iu chnh tt c cc mi quan
h ca cc bn tham gia nghip v thanh ton L/C, trch nhim v ngha v
bn tham gia trong nghip v thanh ton L/C. Quy nh cch thc lp v kim
tra chng t xut trnh theo L/C.
31.D: Ngy v ni ht hn: 15/06/2016 ti Trung Quc, sau c sa i
thnh 15/07/2015 (31.E L/C tu chnh). Vy sau khi iu chnh, thi hn hiu
lc ca L/C ny l: 102 ngy, k t ngy pht hnh L/C, cho n ngy ht hn
cui cng. Vy th trong khong thi gian hiu lc ny, ngn hng s phi
thanh ton cho ngi th hng khi xut c b chng t ph hp.
25

Thi hn hiu lc l mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng ca L/C bi n lin

quan n quyn v ngha v ca mi bn. Thng thng thi hn hiu lc ca
L/C c tho thun v quy nh r trong hp ng. Nu khng c quy nh
trc, ngi nhp khu phi cn tnh ton m c mt L/C c thi hn
hiu lc hp l trnh phi tu chnh sau ny.
L/C theo hp ng ny khi m c thi hn hiu lc tng i ngn 72 ngy,
trong vic giao hng c chia lm 2 ln. V vy, sau khi giao l hng th
nht, ngi nhp khu phi m mt bc in tn iu chnh tng thm
thi gian hiu lc, ko di thm 1 thng = 30 ngy, tng tng s thi gian hiu
lc ln 102 ngy.
Ngoi ra, thi hn hiu lc ca L/C c cn c vo ngy giao hng c
quy nh theo nguyn tc sau:
o L/C phi c m trc khi giao hng. Khong thi gian ny phi c
xc nh bi cc yu t: thi gian chuyn L/C t ngn hng pht hnh
sang ngn hng thng bo, thi gian lu tr L/C ti ngn hng thng
bo, thi gian cn thit chun b giao hng.
o L/C phi ht hn hiu lc sau ngy giao hng, khong thi gian ny
c xc nh bi cc yu t: thi gian cn thit lp chng t thanh
ton, thi gian lu tr chng t ti ngn hng thng bo, thi gian gi
chng t t ngn hng thng bo sang ngn hng pht hnh. Nu L/C
ht hn ti nc ngi th hng, yu t ny khng cn tnh n na.
50: Bn m L/C Ngi nhn th (Ngi mua): Y Viet Company Limited
o a ch: S 31, ng 429, Kim M, Ngc Khnh, Ba nh, H Ni
o Ngi i din: o Thanh Phng
59: Bn th hng L/C: Ningbo Yieh Union Imp. and Exp. Co., Ltd.
o a ch: R524, ta nh Aolisai, Ningbo, Trung Quc
32B: Tng s tin v n v tin t c s dng: -la M, USD 635600.00
(Su trm ba mi lm nghn su trm la M). Trong : n v tin t
c s dng s l n v tin t m ngn hng cam kt thanh ton cho ngi
th hng quy nh trong hp ng trong trng hp ny l -la M, vi
s lng nh trn.
26

 39A: Dung sai cho php i vi s tin mc 32B l 10%

41D: Ngn hng ch nh tr tin: bt k ngn hng no ti Trung Quc.
i vi th tn dng ny, sau khi thc hin xong vic giao hng, ngi mua
c th n bt k ngn hng no ti Trung Quc v xut trnh b chng t cn
thit l c th c thanh ton s tin ghi trong cc chng t nh vn n, th
tn dng, ho n, hi phiu,..
42C: Hi phiu: hi phiu tr ngay cho 100% gi tr ca n hng.
Hi phiu tr tin ngay (At sight Draft): l loi hi phiu quy nh ngi b k
pht phi thanh ton cho ngi cm phiu ngay khi nhn thy hi phiu. Nhng
hi phiu khng quy nh thi hn thanh ton c xem l hi phiu tr ngay.
42D: Ngn hng tr tin: Ngn hng TMCP u t v Pht trin Vit Nam
BIDV, tr s chnh ti H Ni.
5.2.2 Cc iu khon lin quan n hng ha
43P: Giao hng tng phn: c php. Tc l l hng ny c th c giao
thnh nhiu ln, min l tng khi lng s hng c giao phi m bo
v khi lng v cht lng.
43T: Chuyn ti: c php.
Do lun c s hn ch trong cung cp tuyn vn chuyn trc tip t cng A
sang cng B bt k nn chuyn ti ra i l gii php cho vn ny. Chuyn
ti l vic d container t tu A ti cng chuyn ti sang tu B ri vn chuyn
thng n cng ch.
44E: Cng bc hng: Bt k cng no thuc Trung Quc.
44F: Cng d hng: Cng Hi Phng, Vit Nam.
44C: Ngy giao hng chm nht (Theo hp ng v trc khi iu chnh):
31/05/2016. Sau khi iu chnh: 30/06/2016 (Sau khi iu chnh th ngy giao
hng chm nht c iu chnh mun hn 1 thng so vi d kin).
45A: M t hng ha
1) Tn hng: Thp cun cn nng khng g STRIPS 201
2) Tiu chun: Theo tiu chun ca MILL
3) Quy cch phm cht: 201 (Hm lng Ni (Niken): ti thiu 1%, hm lng
Cr (Crom): ti thiu 13%, Hm lng Cu (ng): ti thiu 0.8%).
27

iu kin giao hng: c cn nng, ngm, .

4) Trng lng cun thp: khong 5-9 mt tn

5) Dung sai dy: 0,3 mm
6) Dung sai chiu rng: 20mm/+5mm
7) Shipping mark du hiu vn chuyn: WIDTH, THICKNESS, GROSS
WEIGHT, NET WEIGHT,MADE IN CHINA.
Khi vn chuyn, trn bao b hoc nu trong trng hp khng ng gi th
cc du hiu vn chuyn s c nh du ln hng ho vi cc dng ch
theo yu cu. Trong trng hp ny l cc dng ch pha trn.
8) Lin quan: khng c s lin i gia cc cun thp (Nguyn vn:
Connection: There is no connection in each coil)
9) Xut x: Trung Quc. i chiu vi giy chng nhn xut x th hng ho
theo nh hp ng v th tn dng ny th hng ho c xut x t Trung
Quc.
10) Nh sn xut: Fujian Dingxin
11) ng gi: khng ng gi
12) Thanh ton: da trn c s khi lng tnh thc t. Trong qu trnh bc d
v khi kim nh hng, hng ho s c o lng khi lng tnh v t
s l c s tnh gi tr cn thanh ton.
13) Bo him: c bo him bi ngi bn, 110% tng gi tr n hng cho
tt c cc ri ro. Ngi mua chp thun mc gi sn phm bao gm cc
ph vn chuyn v bo him, vi mc bo him 110% tng gi tr n hng,
cho tt c cc ri ro. Mi ri ro s hon ton c bo him bi cng ty bo
him trc khi hng ho giao cho ngi mua ti cng Hi Phng. Sau khi
chuyn quyn s hu hng ho t ngi vn chuyn sang cho ngi mua ti
cng Hi Phng, ri ro ca hng ho s c tnh l bi ngi mua.
Nhng iu khon v iu kin cc c dn chiu theo nh hp ng s
YURG101 k ngy 30/03/2016.
28

5.2.3 Cc quy nh khc

46A: Cc chng t yu cu i km
(In thnh 3 bn, bng ting anh tr phi c yu cu khc)
1) Ho n thng mi c ch k, 3 bn gc pht hnh bi ngi th hng,
cho tng gi tr hng ho, ghi r L/C ca ngn hng pht hnh, m L/C, s
lng cun thp, tng khi lng tnh.
2) Packing list phiu ng gi: 3 bn gc, pht hnh bi ngi th hng,
ghi r L/C ca ngn hng pht hnh, m L/C, s lng cun thp, tng khi
lng tnh v tng khi lng gm c bao b.
3) 3/3 bn gc vn n ng bin sch ghi bc hng ln tu, l vn n
theo lnh ca ngn hng TMCP u t v pht trin Vit Nam BIDV chi
nhnh Thanh Xun, nh du: FREIGHT PREPAID (ph vn chuyn
c thanh ton), ghi r ni n l Cng Hi Phng, thng bo cho ngi
yu cu pht hnh L/C vi tn v a ch y . Ghi r s lng cun thp,
khi lng tnh v khi lng c b
4) Hp ng bo him v giy chng nhn bo him: theo hnh thc chuyn
nhng v k hu trng, vi mc bo him l 110% gi tr ho n theo
n v tin t trong ho n la M, bo him i vi tt c cc ri ro,
ghi r tn ca mt hng kho st.
47A: iu kin b sung
1) Ph sai bit chng t (chng t xut trnh b li so vi L/C) USD60 (hoc
quy i tng ng vi ng tin ca L/C) v cng thm ton b in ph
c lin quan s tr vo tr gi ha n cho mi ln xut trnh c sai bit
chng t so vi L/C.
Quy i tng ng vi ng tin ca L/C:
V d: nu ng tin ca L/C l Euro th s quy 75$ ra EURO tnh ph
sai bit chng t.
in ph lin quan: Khi c s sai bit chng t so vi L/C th ngn hng
ngi nhp khu s lm in thng bo sai bit ny vi ngn hng ngi
xut khu, ngn hng ngi xut khu li i in tr li in thng bo sai
bit ny. Nh vy in ph qua li lin quan n sai bit chng t ny s
29

b tr vo tr gi ha n, tc l do ngi xut khu phi chu.

2) Tt c cc chi ph giao dch ngn hng bn ngoi Vit Nam bao gm
(nhng khng b gii hn) chi ph thng bo v xc nhn (nu c), chi ph
thm vo hoc hon li v chi ph gii quyt. Cc chi ph ny s c hon
tr cho ngi th hng. Ngn hng thng bo, ngn hng xc nhn (nu
c) c nhim v phi truy thu tt c cc loi chi ph ny trc khi pht hnh
v b sung xc nhn cho th tn dng ny.
3) Hng dn cho ngn hng chit khu: khi nhng chng t lin quan n
th tn dng ny c xut trnh, bn k khai xut trnh ca ngn hng chit
khu phi ch ra c s hiu v thi gian ca bt k sa i no b t
chi theo qu trnh chit khu ca chnh ngn hng .
4) Mt bn sao b sung ring l ca cc chng t ny yu cu phi c ti liu
t ngn hng. Ngc li, mt khon ph ph c gi tr USD 10.00 s c
khu tr theo th tn dng ny. iu khon ny cho bit, vi mi bn sao
hp l ca th tn dng ny, ngi yu cu bn sao s phi np thm USD
10.00 chi ph.
5) Khng c php hon chuyn tin bng in bo.
6) Tt c cc chng t lin quan n th tn dng ny phi c xut trnh
n ngn hng pht hnh thng qua mt ngn hng i din xut trnh. iu
ny c ngha l tt c cc chng t gc phi c gi v ngn hng pht
hnh, tc l ngn hng BIDV ca Vit Nam, thng qua mt ngn hng i
din no Trung Quc.
7) Cc chng t hoc th in tn chuyn n quy giao dch ca ngn hng
pht hnh mun hn 15:30 theo gi Vit Nam s c coi nh c nhn
ti quy ca ngn hng pht hnh vo ngy lm vic tip theo ca ngn
hng.
8) Tt c cc chng t phi c gi trong mt l cng nhau n Ngn hng
TMCP u t v Pht trin Vit Nam BIDV chi nhnh Thanh Xun, theo
a ch: To nh t hp Hapulico, s 1 Nguyn Huy Tng, Qun Thanh
Xun, H Ni, Vit Nam bng Chuyn pht nhanh Quc t.

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9) Chnh lch cho php trong s lng hng ho v tng gi tr l t hn/nhiu

hn 10%. y l dung sai.
10) Chng t ca bn th ba c chp nhn, ngoi tr ho n v hi phiu.
iu ny c ngha l c mt bn th Ba, khng phi l ngi xut khu c
th pht hnh v xut trnh chng t ca mnh n ngn hng, nhng ngoi
tr vn n v hi phiu (2 loi chng t ny bt buc phi c pht hnh
bi ngi xut khu)
11) Chp nhn vn n theo hp ng tu chuyn (Charter Party Bill of
Lading is acceptable)
y l vn n c k pht trong trng hp hng ha c vn chuyn
theo mt hp ng vn chuyn theo chuyn v trn c ghi cu: to be
used with Charter Parties (s dng vi hp ng vn chuyn theo
chuyn). V d, vn n Congenbill c k pht s dng cng vi
hp ng vn chuyn theo chuyn mu Gencon c ghi cu: All terms
and conditions, liberties and exceptions of the Charter Party dated as
overleaf, are herewith incorporated (tt c iu kin, iu khon, c
quyn, min tr ca hp ng vn chuyn c ngy thng ghi trang bn l
mt phn ca vn n ny).
Vn n theo hp ng tu chuyn do ngi vn chuyn/ch tu, thuyn
trng hoc i din ca h k pht. Do c cu ghi ch nh trn nn vn
n ny khng cn tnh c lp, m ph thuc vo mt chng t khc,
l hp ng vn chuyn theo chuyn. Ni dung ca hp ng ny do cc
bn tha thun. Nu ngi thu vn chuyn ng thi l ngi gi hng
(shipper) ghi trn vn n th vn n ny ch l mt bin lai nhn hng.
Nhng khi vn n ny c k hu chuyn nhng cho ngi th ba
th n li iu chnh mi quan h gia ngi vn chuyn v ngi th ba
(hoc ngi cm gi vn n) nn n c th ph hp hoc khng ph
hp vi ngun lut iu chnh vn n. Loi vn n ny ch c ngn
hng chp nhn thanh ton tin hng khi th tn dng cho php.

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12) Tt c cc li nh my/li chnh t/sai st trong chng t ca th tn dng

m khng lm thay i ngha/quy cch phm cht/m t chi tit/s
lng/gi tr ca hng ho s c chp nhn v s khng b tnh nh l
mt s sai phm.
13) S in thoi/s Fax ca ngi yu cu: +84 6384 0090/60
14) Cho php giao hng tng phn nhng ti a l 2 l.
71B: Chi ph: xem trng 47A
48: Thi hn xut trnh
Cc chng t phi c xut trnh khng mun hn 14 ngy k t ngy giao
hng nhng phi nm trong thi gian hiu lc ca th tn dng. y chng
ta hiu rng nu ngy giao hng chm nht l ngy 30/06/2016, th ngy xut
trnh chng t mun nht phi l ngy 15/07/2016. Nu trng hp xy ra giao
hng chm mun, v d, vo ngy 01/07/2016, th ngy xut trnh mun nht
vn phi l ngy 15/07/2016 v ngy 15/07/2016 l ngy ht hn hiu lc ca
th tn dng. y l im chng ta cn lu i vi thi hn xut trnh chng
t vi thi gian giao hng chm nht v thi gian hiu lc ca th tn dng.
49: Khng c yu cu v hng dn xc nhn.
78: Hng dn dnh cho ngn hng thanh ton/chp thun/chit khu
1) Tng gi tr tin c rt v ngy rt tin phi c k nhn mt sau ca
bn hiu lc thi hnh.
2) Khi nhn c chng t ph hp vi tt c cc iu khon v iu kin
ca th in tn ny, chng ta phi thc hin thanh ton theo hng dn
ca ngn hng chit khu. Hy vui lng ch r a ch Swift nu c.
Nhn xt:
Cc thng tin, iu kin v iu khon trong L/C hon ton tng ng v ph
hp vi cc thng tin, iu kin v iu khon tng ng trong hp ng mua bn,
vn n, ho n thng mi, danh sch ng gi, bo him, chng nhn xut x.
Tuy nhin, i chiu vi cc chng t trn, c 1 im cn lu : S lng hng ho
v gi tr hng ho c lit k xp x 1/2 hay mt na tng gi tr ca hng ho theo
hp ng, v hp ng cho php giao hng tng phn.

32

KT LUN
Nh vy, thng qua bi tiu lun, nhm phn tch cc chng t ca mt hp
ng thng mi quc t hon chnh v rt ra cc nhn xt ca nhm, bm st ni
dung ca mn hc Giao dch thng mi quc t v b sung thm kin thc v mn
hc.
Trong hot ng kinh t cnh tranh ngy cng khc lit hin nay, mi mt hp
ng u cn phi c cn nhc rt k lng ti tng iu khon iu kin cng nh
s ph hp gia cc chng t. Kin thc chuyn su v hp ng v cng cn thit,
nht l i vi nhn vin kinh doanh xut nhp khu v cc ngnh ngh, lnh vc lin
quan cng nh i vi cc cng ty xut nhp khu. Bi v n nh hng ti vic
bo v quyn li ca bn mnh.
Nhm nghin cu xin chn thnh cm n TS. V Th Hnh - ging vin mn
Giao dch thng mi quc t, khoa Kinh t v Kinh doanh quc t tn tnh hng
dn nhm trong qu trnh nghin cu.
Trong qu trnh phn tch khng th trnh khi sai st, nhm rt mong nhn
c gp ca ging vin hon thin hn bi Bo co ny.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1) PGS.TS Phm Duy Lin, Gio trnh GDTMQT
2) TS V Th Hnh, Slide bi ging mn GDTMQT
3) UCP 600
4) Incoterms 2010
5) Hi Quan Vit Nam: www.customs.gov.vn/default.aspx
6)

S cng thng Vit Nam: www.socongthuong.gov.vn

7) Thi bo kinh t Vit Nam: www.economy.com.vn

8) Thng tin kinh doanh - Doanh nhn: cafebiz.vn/
9) Wikipedia ting Vit: vi.wikipedia.org/wiki
10)Tin tc thng mi xut nhp khu: www.thuongmai.vn
11) Bo Hi quan: www.baohaiquan.vn
12) Thi bo kinh t: cafef.vn
13) Trang tin Xc tin thng mi: xttm.mard.gov.vn
14) Th vin php lut: thuvienphapluat.vn
15) Cng c tm kim: google.com.vn

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