CHNGV

THUYTVACHMHOTNGVPHCHOTNG
I.MU

II.THUYTVACHMHOTNG

1.Tnhsvachm

2.Vachmhiuqu

3.ThaskhnggianP

4.Thuytvachmhotngtnhnbctdoni

III.THUYTPHCHOTNG

1.Mu

2.Nidungcathuyt

3.Bmtthnngvngphnng

4.Nhnghthcnhlngcathuytphchotng

5.Sosnh

6.ThasEntropi,sosnhthaskhnggianP,thasEntropivihms
tcdngAtrongphngtrnhArrhenius

7.Biuthcthngkcathuytphchotng

8.Phngphpthcnghimxcnhccthamshotng

9.Sphthuccatcphnng(hngstc)voccthamshot
ng

10.Thuytvachmhotngvthuytphchotngiviphnng
trongdungdch

11.Thamshotngcaphnngphctp

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CHNGV
THUYTVACHMHOTNG

VPHCHOTNG

I.MU
Nhimvcbncalnhvclthuytnghahclxydngnhngquanim,nhng
phngtrnhchophptnhctchochngstccaphnngbngcchxutphtt
nhngthamsphntcachtphnng(nhkhilng,hnhdng,kchthcphnt,tht
linktcaphnthaynhmnguynttrongphnt,nnglnglinktiukinxcnhv
nhitvpsut...).Chaithuytquantrng.lthuytvachmhotngvphchot
ng.

Chaithuytupdngchyuchophnngscpngthtrongphakh,trchtcho
phnnglngphnt.

Haithuytcsdngmtsquylutcachclngtvvtlthngk(vdthuyt
nghcchtkh,phnbnnglngBoltmann).

II.THUYTVACHMHOTNG

1Tnhsvachm TOP

Tacthhnhdungthitdinvachmbnghnh5.1.
 Hnh5.1:ThitdinvachmcaphntAvB(ngtrngchcho).

2Vachmhiuqu TOP

Tssailchtrngichotathyrng:khicvachmgiahaiphnt,khngphittc
ccvachmmchcmtsnhtrongtonbvachmdntibinhahahc.Nhngvachm
caphntnocnnglngbnghoclnhnmtnnglngxcnhno(nnglngti
hn)gilvachmchiuquhocvachmhotngckhiuZ*.Lcnysvachmmi
thcsbngtcphnng,nghal:
 Davoquanimnycathuytvachm,thsvachmtnhbnglthuytkhphhp
vitcxcnhbngthcnghiminhiuphnnghaiphnt.

3ThaskhnggianP TOP


4Thuytvachmhotngtnhnbctdoni TOP
 Theoskhosttrntathyiviphnnglngphntastrnghphngstc
phnnglthuytlnhnhocxpxbngstcthcnghim.Ngcli,cmts
trnghphngstclthuyttranhhnhngsthcnghimrtnhiu.

III.THUYTPHCHOTNG

1Mu TOP

2Nidungcathuyt TOP
 nmtkhongcchnothgiaXvYxuthinmttrngthikhnggian,Xv
Ygnlinvinhau,nhngchanmccttlinktYZ,hnhthnhphchotngEyring
githptmthinylphchotngcnPolanivEvansgiltrngthichuyntip:

SauXtingnthm,hnhthnhlinktbnXYcnlinktYZbphvhonton,
dnntorasnphmphnng.

DatrnmhnhtrnEyringvPolanisdngphngphpchclngtxcnh
thnngcah.

TaminhhaiutrnhbytrnbngphnngphnhyHI:

3Bmtthnngvngphnng TOP

theodithnngcahphnngthayinhthno,chngtakhostthnngca
h,theokhongcchcachngkhichngthnghng:
Hnh5.2:BmtthnngHnh5.3:ngphnng(ta
phnngngconglinnt)
4Nhnghthcnhlngcathuytphchotng TOP

Tatrlisphnng

Cthbiudinhngscnbng:
TOP
6.ThasEntropi,sosnhthaskhnggianP,thasEntropivihmstc
TOP
dngAtrongphngtrnhArrhenius

7Biuthcthngkcathuytphchotng TOP

Trlisphnng
8Phngphpthcnghimxcnhccthamshotng TOP
9Sphthuccatcphnng(hngstc)voccthamshot
TOP
ng
10Thuytvachmhotngvthuytphchotngiviphnngtrong
TOP
dungdch

Trongsgnng,nucoiccphntphnngvdungminhnhngqucurn,c
kchthcnhnhau,khngtngtcvinhau,cthpdnggnngccphngtrnhcbn
cathuytvachmchophnngdinratrongdungdchltng.

Thcra,svachmgiaccphntphnngtrongdungdchvtrongphakhlkhc
nhau.Xcsutvchmgiahaiphnttrongdungdchllnhnrtnhiusovitrongpha
kh,bivccphntphnngbphntdungmibaobcnhmt"lng"kn.Saumtthi
gianxcnhphntphnngchuynraphangoi"lng"kn.Trongmtstrnghpi
viphnngtiubiu,tuytiasccvachmudnnbinhahahc,tclhiung
"lng"khngcvaitr.Vd,ccphnnglinhpcagctdovgiaccioncnnglng
hotnghartnh,chunhhngnhiucayutkhnggian,hunhmivachmudn
nbinha,iviphnnggiahaiphntAvBkhngmangdintch,hngstcphn
ngcxcnh:
 ivithuytphchotng

Nhngtcphnngtlvinngphchotngkhngtlvihotcan,do
t(5.48)tasuyra:
11Thamshotngcaphnngphctp TOP

Ccthamshotngtatrnhbytrnchcnghaiviphnngngin.ivi
phnngphctptacnchmtsvnsau:
Trnghpnyccthamsccngtnh.
 Tcthrtraquylutthcnghimsau.Nuslinhgiahngstcvinhit
vthamshotngkhngtuntheophngtrnhArrheniusvEyring(cslchkhing
thng),thphnngnghinculphctp.Docthlyccthamshotng,cthsph
thucnhitcachnglmtiuchuncchphnng.Tiuchunnykhngngchohng
ngcli,bivnhiuphnngphctpcthamshotngkhngphthucvonhit.

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