I/- Mc ch ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng: Hin nay, hot ng kinh t x hi An Giang ang pht trin mnh m, tng bc nng cao cht

t lng cuc sng. Tuy nhin, vn t ra li l nhng nh hng tiu cc ca vic pht trin kinh t n ti nguyn mi trng cng nh n i sng con ngi. l nhng tc ng xu n mi trng sng, c th nh to ra nn nhim v khng kh, nc, t Trc tnh hnh , nhm ngn chn, gim thiu nhim mi trng, Chnh ph v UBND tnh ban hnh mt s vn bn: - Ch th 73/TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph ngy 22/5/1993 v Mt s cng tc cn lm ngay v bo v mi trng. - Lut Bo v mi trng ngy 29/11/2005. - Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 09/08/2006 v Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng. - Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMTca Chnh ph ngy 08/09/2006 v vic Hng dn v nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. - Quyt nh s 1750/2005/Q-UBND ngy 16/6/2005 ca y ban nhn dn tnh An Giang v vic Ban hnh Bn qui nh v trnh t, th tc thm nh, ph duyt Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; xc nhn Bn ng k t tiu chun mi trng; cp giy php v mi trng v thc hin k qu phc hi mi trng trn a bn tnh An Giang. iu ny chng t rng cng tc nh gi tc ng mi trng c tm quan trng to ln nhm lm r ngun gy nhim, mc nhim cng nh cc bin php k thut v qun l nhm gim thiu chng. Khu dn c thng mi & th Ph M vi s u t ca Cng ty TNHH TM-XNK Hi n cng l mt trong nhng n v pht trin kinh t c gy tc ng n mi trng. gp phn pht trin bn vng nn kinh t x hi ca tnh, nhm ng gp vo s nghip bo v mi trng, Cng ty v ang thc hin mt s bin php gim thiu nhim mi trng, tin hnh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho Khu dn c Thng mi& th Ph M . Trong bo co ny, cng ty cng phn tch ton b cc tc ng gy nhim mi trng trc v sau khi d n i vo hot ng, mc

nhim v cc bin php k thut qun l, gim thiu cc ngun thi, m bo hot ng pht trin kinh t khng gy thit hi cho mi trng khu vc v sc khe ca cng dng dn c xung quanh khu vc. Cc bc thc hin ca bo co cng nh ni dung ca bo co c tun th theo hng dn thi hnh Lut Bo v mi trng trn c s so snh i chiu vi cc loi tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam. II/- Cn c php l v phng php nh gi: 1/- Cn c php l: - Mc 2 chng III ca Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi ch ngha Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005 v c hiu lc vo ngy 01 thng 07 nm 2006, quy nh tt c cc d n sp xy dng v cc c s sn xut ang tn ti phi tin hnh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. - Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 09/08/2006 v Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut bo v mi trng. - Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ngy 08/09/2006 v vic Hng dn v nh gi tc ng mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. - Quyt nh s 1750/2005/Q-UBND ngy 16/6/2005 ca y ban nhn dn tnh An Giang v vic Ban hnh Bn qui nh v trnh t, th tc thm nh, ph duyt Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; xc nhn Bn ng k t tiu chun mi trng; cp giy php v mi trng v thc hin k qu phc hi mi trng trn a bn tnh An Giang. Trong qu trnh xy dng bo co, cc ti liu sau y c s dng: - Ti liu hng dn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n pht trin th. - Ti liu thng k v tnh hnh kh tng thy vn ca khu vc. - Cc s liu iu tra v o c thc t ti hin trng. - Cc ti liu thng k v x hi hc, kinh t x hi trong khu vc.

- Cc ti liu k thut nh gi tc ng mi trng ca t chc Y t Th gii. - Cc ti liu v cng ngh x l kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn. Ngoi ra, cn tham kho mt s Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng khc. 2/- Phng php nh gi: Cc phng php sau s c s dng nh gi trong bo co: - Phng php thng k: ng dng trong vic thu thp v x l cc s liu kh tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc ca nh my. - Phng php kho st, o c, ly mu ngoi hin trng v th nghim phn tch nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh, ting n, nc thi, nc cp v mi trng nc, khng kh xung quanh khu vc d n Khu Dn c thng mi & th Ph M. - Phng php so snh dng nh gi tc ng mi trng t giai on thi cng v i vo hot ng ca d n trn c s cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam c lin quan. - Phn tch, nh gi v d bo tc ng n mi trng do hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca d n v cc phng din: nc thi, kh thi, ting n, cht thi rn, v sinh lao ng - xut cc bin php k thut hn ch ti a cc tc ng tiu cc pht sinh t hot ng ca d n n mi trng.

Trong nhng nm gn y, nn kinh t An Giang ni chung v c bit ti khu vc huyn Ph Tn ni ring c nhng pht trin vt bc. Nn kinh t pht trin ko theo nhu cu pht trin kin trc c s h tng ngy cng cp thit hn. Hn na mt dn c ngy cng ng, xu hng pht trin th ngy cng cao, di sng ngi dn c nng ln, nhu cu c ni n nh khang trang, rng ri cng tng cao v tp qun c truyn ca dn tc ta l an c lc nghip. Do p ng nhu cu thc t trn vic xy dng mi mt c s h tng khu dn c thng mi & d th th trn Ph M ti th trn Ph M, huyn Ph Tn l mt vic lm ht sc cn thit, thng qua gp phn p ng cc nhu cu pht trin sn xut v kinh doanh ca nhn dn trong khu vc. 1.1. Tn d n : KHU DN C THNG MI V TH TH TRN PH M , th trn Ph M, huyn Ph Tn, tnh An Giang. 1.2. Ch d n: + Cng ty TNHH Thng mi Xut Nhp Khu Hi n + Vn 100% trong nc + Gim c: Nguyn Thanh Hi 1.3. V tr a l ca d n : Khu vc d n thuc th trn Ph M huyn Ph Tn - tnh An Giang c v tr t cn nh sau: + Pha bc gip ng C Ba T (theo quy hoch ca huyn). + Pha nam gip khu t hnh chnh ca huyn Ph Tn. + Pha ty gip vi tnh l 954. + Pha ng gip vi khu dn c. 1.4. Ni dung ch yu ca d n y l d n xy dng khu dn c thng mi v th gii quyt vn nh cho ngi dn trong khu vc. Mt mt tch cc khc ca d n l ngi dn c mt phong cch sng cng nghip, hin i trong mt th c xy dng ngay ti vng qu. Cc hng mc chnh ca d n l khu vc dn c v khu vc trung tm thng mi. Ngoi ra cn c cc cng trnh ph tr khc. S tng th ca d n c th hin qua s sau:

57 h

24 h

24 h

12 h

11 h

38 h

Tng s h dn c b tr trong s trn gm 599 h. Mt s h dn c b tr trong khu thng mi v mt s l pht sinh vng t d phng ca khu thc hin d n. Sau khi d n hon tt, c khong 719 h dn thuc khu vc d n.

46 h 32 h

46 h

46 h

23 h

Cng vin

Khu thng mi

46 h

57 h

7 h

32 h

Ch Nng sn

32 h 7 h

57 h

Hin ti d n ang thc hin cng vic gii ta mt bng, di dn ra khi khu vc thc hin d n. D kin khi hon thnh, d n s cung cp nh cho khong 3.605 nhn khu, tng ng vi 719 h Cc h dn c phn b nh bng sau: LOI L L 1 L 2 L 3 L 4 L 5 L 6 L 7 L 8 L 9 L 10 L 11 L 12 L 13 L 14 L 15 L 16 L 17 L 18 L 19 QUI CCH 5 x 17 5 x 17 - 18 5 x 21 5 x 18 5 x 18 5 x 18 - 20 5 x 18 - 20 5 x 18 - 20 5 x 20 5 x 18 - 20 5 x 18 - 20 5 x 21 5 x 18 5 x 17 5 x 17 5 x 21 5 x 18 5 x 18 5 x 18 SL NN 10 21 32 7 23 46 32 23 12 46 32 37 46 58 58 27 32 46 38 DT (m 2 ) 893,3 1.831 3.429 632 2.108 4.688 3.328 2.242 1.234 4.688 3.328 3.943 4.452 5.224 5.224 2.848 3.160 4.452 3.616

L 20 L 21 L 22 Tng cng

5 x 18 5 x 15,3 5 x 15,3

45 24 24 719

4.096,2 1.883,4 1.883,4 69.183

Khu trung tm thng mi v khu ch nng sn:

Trong qu trnh thc hin d n, mt s h dn v vt kin trc trong khu vc phi thc hin di di, c th mt s hng mc phi di di: - Nh v vt kin trc: - M : - M t: - Cy trng v vt nui: 37 h 86 ci 54 ci 46 h

Nhu cu s dng t ca d n th hin qua bng cn bng t: Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 t giao thng t dn c Khu thng mi t cy xanh t bao t cng trnh Loi t Din tch (ha) 6,397 6,918 2,07 0,650 0,814 1,76 18,609 T l (%) 34,4 37,1 11,1 3,5 4,4 9,5 100

Tng cng giai on I

Tng khu qui hoch

23,349

Trong phm vi d n, tng din tch ca khu vc thc hin d n l 23,349 ha trong din tch thc hin giai on I l 18,609 ha. Trong din tch d n, mt s hng mc cng trnh c xy dng pc v cho vic thc hin d n: - San lp ct: 184.400 m 2 vi khi lng ct san lp l 388.943 m 3 . - Xy dng h thng cng thot nc ma v nc thi sinh hot v mt s cng trnh km theo nh h ga, h thm, ming x . nc thi. - Xy dng h thng thu gom nc thi trong khu thng mi v ch nng sn. Nc thi t khu vc ny cn c x l trit trc khi thi vo ngun tip nhn chung. - Xy dng h thng giao thng ni b trong khu vc, va h, cy xanh, dy phn cch - Lp t h thng cung cp nc sch cho cc h dn trong khu vc thc hin d n. Cng vic ny c thc hin bi Cng ty in nc An Giang u t khai thc. Vic thit k do Cng ty in nc An Giang kt hp vi Cng ty C phn T vn v u t pht trin An Giang. - Lp t h thng li in: do Cng ty in lc 2 u t v khai thc.

2.1. iu kin t nhin v mi trng. *V tr a l : Huyn Ph Tn c bao bc bi bn pha l sng ngi, knh rch. Pha Bc, Ty Bc gip huyn Tn Chu c knh Vnh An ni lin sng Tin vi sng Hu vi chiu di 17 km; Pha Ty gip huyn Chu Ph ngn cch bi sng Hu chiu di 39 Km; pha ng gip tnh ng Thp ngn cch bi sng Tin; pha Nam, ng Nam gip huyn Ch Mi c nhnh Vm Nao di 7 km ni lin sng Tin vi sng Hu. - a hnh : Do c bao bc bi 4 pha sng ngi cho nn huyn Ph Tn nh mt c lao ni, mang tnh cht a hnh ca vng cn bi. Di t ven sng Tin, sng Hu cao v thp dn theo hng Ty Bc xung ng Nam. cao trung bnh bin thin t +1.0 n +2.0 m. - Th nhng : t ai ca huyn c hnh thnh do s bi p ca 3 con sng: sng Tin, sng Hu v sng Vm Nao. t hnh thnh t cht ph sa lng ng, l loi t ph sa tr c c tnh tt, ph nhiu cao, cc cht trong t cn i, mang nhiu ht nh, t c thnh phn c gii ch yu l tht v st, tng t dy ph hp vi nhiu loi cy trng. - Kh hu- Thy vn : Sng Tin v sng Hu chu nh hng ca ch dng chy sng Cu Long v ch thy triu vng bin ng, kt hp vi ma v lu lng dng chy thng ngun, nc l v ng thng bt u vo thng 6, din bin nh l xy ra t thng 8 n thng 10. Kh hu chia lm 2 ma, ma ma t thng 5 n ht thng 11, ma kh t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau. - iu kin a l, a cht: - iu kin v kh tng - thy vn: - Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin: 2.2. iu kin kinh t - x hi: 2.2.1. iu kin v kinh t: - Thy nng: Ton huyn c 93 cng trnh knh, mng phc v nng nghip vi tng nng lc phc v 54.160 lt ha, tng chiu di 326,1 km. Trong , c 1 knh cp I (18 km), 12 knh cp II (85,9 km), 14 knh cp III (61,3 km) v 66 cng trnh knh mng ni ng (160,9 km).

- Giao thng: Cng vi pht trin thy li, mng li giao thng ni ng v cc tuyn giao thng chnh ca huyn khng ngng c nng cp, ci to ngy mt tt hn, trong c trc giao thng chnh trn b l tuyn tnh l 954 t Nng G i Tn Chu, tuyn l sng Hu v tuyn l Knh Thn Nng. Mng li giao thng thy thun li cho lu thng, giao lu hng ha trong khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long, TP HCM, Campuchia, to iu kin pht trin v chuyn dch c cu kinh t. - in: Huyn c mng li in Quc gia t nm 1990, c trm bin p 35 KV t ti x Ph Th, chun b xy dng trm bin p 110KV ti trung tm th trn Ph M. n nay ph in n cc trung tm x, thi trn, cc vng dn c tp trung. 100% c s cng nghip c cung ng cng sut in cho s dng, 70% din tch canh tc c bm ti, tiu bng in. n cui nm 2004 ton huyn c 97% h c s dng in cho sinh hot . - Thng tin lin lc: Mng li bu in - Thng tin lin lc c m rng phc v ngy cng tt hn nhu cu nhn dn. n nay ngnh pht trin c 4 bu cc trong 3 bu cc x, vi gn 9.000 my in thoi, mt s dng in thoi bng 5% dn s, bnh qun 4,5 h dn c 1 my in thoi. 2.2.2. iu kin v x hi: Ton huyn c 141.113 ngi trong tui lao ng, chim 47,95% dn s. Trong s lao ng ang lm vic trong cc ngnh kinh t 126.437 ngi chim 89,6 % ; t l tht nghip v thiu vic lm chim 10,40%. Ngun lao ng ca huyn kh di do, tuy nhin cht lng cn thp, c trn 96% lao ng th cng, n gin ; t trng lao ng qua o to cn thp chim 15%; thi gian s dng lao ng trong nng nghip chim 60%. Nm 1998, huyn c cng nhn ph cp Tiu hc; ang khn trng tp trung thc hin ph cp Trung hc c s, d kin n nm 2005 hon thnh trong ton huyn. Dn tc ch yu l ngi kinh chim 98% cn li l ngi Hoa v Chm. Ton huyn c 53.818 h sinh sng, huyn mang m nt ca mt vng tn gio, trong c 84,2% h theo o Ho Ho vi khong 121.000 tn chim 52% dn s . Cc tn gio khc : Pht gio 13%, Cng gio 1,9%, Cao i 2,2%, Hi gio 1% v cc tn gio khc l 0,7%.

Huyn c di tch lch s, di tch vn ho, lng dn tc chm...v l ni khai sinh o Pht Gio Ho Ho, ni t tr s Ban tr s TW PGHH, hng nm thu ht trn 1 triu lt khch n hnh hng.

y l d n xy dng hon chnh mt khu dn c, thng mi cho Th trn Ph M, huyn Ph Tn, tnh An Giang. Cc ngun gy ra cc tc ng n mi trng t, nc, khng kh n cc iu kin vt l, ha hc, sinh hc v cc iu kin kinh t x hi pht sinh trong 3 giai on ch yu: giai on san lp mt bng gii phng mt bng, giai on xy dng cc cng trnh v trong sut qu trnh d n i vo hot ng. 3.1. Giai an tin thi cng Giai on san lp mt bng gii phng mt bng gy ra cc tc ng tm thi. Qui m v khi lng tc ng khng nhiu. Cht thi to ra trong giai on ny ch yu l x bn v t t cc cng trnh b ph hy. Trong giai on ny cng tc ng n dn c sng trong khu vc thc hin d n. *nh hng n mi trng t: vic p ph cc cng trnh lm xo trn b mt t, lm thay i c tnh l - ha, kt cu, cht v gi nc ca t. Cc my mc thi cng cng trnh, hot ng o bi, bm ct l cc hot ng gy tc ng mnh n mi trng t *nh hng n mi trng nc: nc bm ct, nc sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng l cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc. Mi trng nc thng c hin tng nhim cc b do nc thi khng c ng thot ra bn ngoi. * nh hng n mi trng khng kh

* nh hng n mi trng kinh t - x hi: mt s ngi dn trong khu vc b nh hng do vic di di v chuyn i k sinh nhai. H khng cn rung t canh tc nng nghip v phi lm cc cng vic khc. Mt s ngi c th c cng n vic lm, mt s khc khng th c vic lm ngay v l gnh nng cho x hi. Cn ch ngun tc ng ny. gii quyt vn ny cn s cng tc ca nhiu ngnh lin quan, trong ban qun l d n ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic chuyn i ngnh ngh cho cc i tng ny. * nh hng n cnh quan: mt khi lng ln cht thi rn do hot ng gii phng mt bng s lm xo trn nn ca cnh quan trong khu vc thc hin d n. Cc hng mc cng trnh b p ph, cc cy

nm trong din tch phi cht b l mt lng cht thi rn khng l cn phi qun l v x l tht tt. C th s dng cht thi rn t cc hng mc cng trnh (x bn, gch nt....) san lp cc ni trng thp. Trong giai on ny, mt s lng ln cht thi rn c to ra do hot ng gii ta cc cng trnh v cc vt kin trc khng ph hp trong khu vc thc hin d n. Vn x l trit ngun gy nhim ny l rt cn thit. Ngoi ra trong khu vc d n cn c 37 h dn ang sinh sng, mt s m v cc cng trnh khc cn di di. Ngun tc ng ln nht trong vn ny l tc ng n mi trng x hi. Gii quyt vic lm ti ch hay to ra cng n vic lm ph hp l mt thch thc rt ln trong vn thnh bi ca d n. 3.2. Giai an thi cng cc cng trnh. Giai on thi cng cc cng trnh: ngun nhim ch yu l hot ng ca my mc phc v san lp. Cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng cng l mt ngun nhim quan trng. * nh hng n mi trng khng kh: ting n, khi thi ca cc phng tin thi cng xy dng . l ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh ch yu. Bi ca phng tin vn chuyn vt liu xy dng nh hng rt ln n ngi dn xung quanh khu vc d n v nh hng trc tip n cc cng nhn lm vic trong cng trng. Khi thi ca cc thit b xy dng cha cc cht nh: CO, CO 2 , SO x , NO x v mt lot cc cht gy c khc cho con ngi v cc sinh vt khc khi tip xc vi cht nhim ny. Hot ng ca cc my mc thi cng xy dng lm nh hng n iu kin vi kh hu a phng. ng ch l ting n v nhit do cc my mc thi ra gy cc tc hi to ln. Ting n c th gy ra cc bnh ngh nghip nh ic vnh vin. Trong cng trng xy dng, ting n lm mt tp trung ca cc cng nhn lao ng trc tip cng trng, gy ra cc tai nn lao ng thng tm. * nh hng n mi trng nc: nh hng bi nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng. Lng cng nhn xy dng ti cng trng thay i, ty thuc vo tng thi gian xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh khc nhau. Tnh trung bnh c khong 50 cng nhn lao ng thng xuyn cng trng. Theo tnh ton ca nhiu nc pht trin,

lng nc thi sinh hot ca mi ngi nu khng c thu gom, x l th cc cht nhim v ti lng nhim bao gm: Cht nhim BOD 5 COD SS Du m Tng Nit Tng Photpho Khi lng (g/ngi/ngy) 45 54 72 102 70 145 10 80 6 12 0,8 4,0

Tng lng cht nhim do 50 cng nhn hot ng cc cng trnh a vo mi trng. Trong , mt phn vt cht ny s a ra mi trng v gy nhim ngun nc. Ngoi ra, lng nc bnh qun s dng 100 lt/ngi/ngy (i vi cng nhn xy dng) th lng cht thi khng c x l c nng nh sau: Cht nhim BOD 5 SS Nit theo NH 3 Tng Coliforms Nng (mg/l) 56-65 70 - 145 3-6 3 10 -10 5 MPN Tiu chun 50 100 5000 nh gi Vt nh Vt nh Khng t

Vy nng cc cht nhim ny so vi tiu chun nc thi (TCVN-6772-2001) c gii hn cho php (c so snh i vi cc loi hnh nh tr) l khng t yu cu. * nh hng n mi trng t: * nh hng n mi trng kinh t x hi: mt s ngi dn sng xung quanh khu vc thc hin d n c hng li t cc hot ng bun bn cc th nhu yu phm cho cng nhn xy dng cng nh l bn hng n, nc ung cho cng nhn.

Tuy nhin, cng nhn xy dng cng tc ng khng nh n i sng ca khu vc nh hin tng n ung nhu nht, chi bi, ht chch .trong cc ln tri. Mt s cng nhn c li sng bung th, khng ph hp vi phong tc tp qun ca a phng. iu ny v tnh nh hng n li sng ca mt s thnh thiu nin a phng. * Cnh quan ca khu vc vn b tc ng nghim trng do cc hot ng o bi, dm mng, xy dng cc cng trnh. Trong gian on thi cng xy dng cc cng trnh, nc thi sinh hot t cc ln tri ca cng nhn cng vi cht thi rn sinh hot l ngun gy nhim quan trng, nh hng trc tip n sc khe ca cng nhn. Nc thi v cht thi hu c d phn hy sinh hc khng c x l tt, khi pht tn ra mi trng bn ngoi s nh hng nghim trng n dn c sng xung quanh khu vc d n. nhim khng kh t cc hot ng ca cc thit b xy dng cng l ngun gy nhim rt ng k n vi kh hu khu vc. Xo trn b mt t c th dn n vic mt cn bng nc v lm ph hy cc h sinh thi vn c trong khu vc. Khi thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh, cn ch n vic tc ng ti thiu n vic lm xo trn v ph hy b mt t. 3.2.Giai on d n i vo hot ng: Giai on d n i vo hot ng: y l ngun pht sinh cc tc ng mang tnh cht thng xuyn, lu di. Cc bin php gim thiu ngun tc ng tp trung vo giai on ny. Ngun gy ra cc tc ng pht sinh t cc hot ng ca c dn sng trong khu vc, ca cc hot ng trao i bun bn trong khu thng mi v ca mt s hot ng ca cc c s sn xut nh l trong khu d n. 3.2.1.Cc ngun gy nhim khng kh 3.2.2.Cht thi rn: l ngun tc ng lu di n hot ng ca d n. Cht thi rn l cht thi rn sinh hot ca cc h dn sinh sng trong khu vc d n; cht thi rn t cc hot ng bun bn trong khu thng mi. Khi d n i vo hot ng, c khong 3.605 dn sinh sng, tng ng 719 h (D n u t xy dng). Vi lng cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh l 0,7 - 1 kg rc thi/ngy/ngi. Ly trung bnh l 0,85 kg rc thi/ngy/ngi, tng lng cht thi pht sinh trong ngy l: 0,75 kg/ngy/ngi * 3.605 ngi = 3.046 kg/ngy

Vi t trng rc trung bnh ca rc thi sinh hot l 700 kg/m 3 , chng ta c mt lng rc thi ra hng ngy khong 4,377 m 3 rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. Lng rc thi cn pht sinh trong hot ng bun bn ca khu trung tm thng mi v khu ch nng sn. C 146 kit bun bn hng ha trong khu thng mi. Cht thi rn phn ln l thc phm, rau xanh b h hng. Mt phn nh l bao b ng hng ha. Cht thi rn t cc l trong khu thng mi c lng: 3.2.3.Nc thi sinh hot v nc thi t cc khu trung tm thng mi v ch nng sn: c im chung ca nc thi sinh hot t cc h dn v trung tm thng mi c hm lng hu c khng cao, ch yu l cht l lng. Do , h thng thu gom nc thi sinh hot t cc h dn trong khu vc d n c thu gom ring vo cc h ga thu gom nc thi. Cc h ga c vai tr trong vic thu gom v x l cc cht l lng trong nc, x l mt phn cht thi hu c d lng trc khi x thi vo h thng thu gom chung thi ra ngun tip nhn. Nc thi sinh hot trung bnh l 120 lt/ngi/ngy. Lng nc thi ra do 3.605 ngi dn sinh sng trong khu vc l: 432 m 3 nc thi sinh hot hng ngy. Lng nc thi sinh hot ny c th tch ln nhng khng ng lo ngi do hm lng hu c khng cao v khng mang theo cc cht c. c trng nng v ti lng ca nc thi sinh hot nh sau: Ch tiu Nng (mg/l) Tiu chun cho php TCVN 5945-1995 BOD 5 COD SS Du m Tng Coliform ( MpN/100ml) 100 - 120 120 -130 200 - 220 40 - 120 10 5 10 6

Nc thi t khu ch nng sn c thu gom ring. c trng ca nc thi ny l c hm lng hu c tng i cao, c mi tanh do mu, nc ra c. Trong giai on hot ng ca d n, nc thi sinh hot v rc thi l cc nguyn nhn gy nhim thng xuyn v quan trng. 3.2.4. Cc s c c th xy ra trong cc giai oan cu d n. - D bo nhng ri ro v s c mi trng do d n gy ra: Trong giai on san lp mt bng, gii phng mt bng, giai on thi cng xy dng: ti nn lao ng l ri ro hng u, rt d xy ra c bit trong giai on thi cng. Ting n l nguyn nhn hng u gy ra tai nn do ting n gy mt tp trung, gim nng sut lao ng. Bnh dch c th xy ra nu tnh trng v sinh trong khu ln tri ca cng nhn khng m bo. Mi hi thi t cht thi rn sinh hot, t nc thi cha nhiu hu c lm nhim mi trng nc cc b, l mi trng sng ca mt s loi sinh vt truyn bnh nh chut, rui, mui

4.1. Giai on san lp mt bng gii ta mt bng: Cht thi rn t cc cng trnh b ph hy c th c s dng lm vt liu san lp cc vng trng. Khi lng cht thi ny chim mt phn khng ln. Vn n b, gii ta v to cng n vic lm cho dn c trong vng l mt thch thc rt ln n vic thc hin d n. Ch u t kt hp vi ch quyn s ti thc hin vic n b gii ta ca dn theo gi quy nh ca nh nc v c s ng thun ca ngi dn thng qua cc cuc hp dn. Ch u t c k hoch s dng dn c b gii ta vo lm cng nhn xy dng trong giai on xy dng, hay c k hoch lm bo v khu dn c hay khu trung tm thng mi trong giai on d n i vo hot ng. Nc chy trn t cc hot ng bm ct phi c qun l tt bng cch khoanh vng kn khu vc bm ct, khng cho nc bm ct chy trn ra khu vc ln cn hay chy vo ngun nc sinh hot ca dn c xung quanh. 4.2. Giai on thi cng xy dng cc cng trnh: m bo cng tc xy dng c thun li, m bo sc khe cng nhn, gi gn v sinh mi trng; n v ch thu xy dng v cng nhn lm vic trc tip cng trng cn thc hin tt mt s qui nh nh sau trong thi gian xy dng: - m bo iu kin v sinh c nhn v sinh hot ti ch - T chc n ung ti ch v hp v sinh, c nh n, nh v sinh m bo yu cu ti thiu. - Cht thi phi c thu gom hay x l trong thi gian sm nht, khng xy ra tnh trng hi thi, mt v sinh. - Phi c mt b phn kim tra vic thc hin cc cng vic v sinh phng dch, v sinh mi trng, kim tra m bo an ton v k lut lao ng cho cng nhn. Cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng nn c thu gom, em t hay phi hp ng vi c quan chc nng a phng thu gom v x l tt ngun cht thi ny. Nc thi t sinh hot ca cng nhn cng phi c qun l tt. Cn xy dng cc h t hoi theo ng tiu chun thu gom v lu tr

nc thi sinh hot trong thi gian hp l trc khi thi vo ngun tip nhn chung. Cht thi sinh hot v nc thi ca cng nhn c c im l giu hu c, d phn hy sinh hc. Vic thu gom, x l ngay v phi c bin php x l thch hp l cn thit. Mt s bin php chung gim thiu tc hi ti cng trng xy dng: - Phun nc lm tng m cc khu vc gy bi nh ng i, khu vc san i.... - Trang b c phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nh khu trang, qun o, giy, gng tay, nn bo h lao ng - Trnh Gim thiu i vi cc tc ng bn ngoi khu vc xy dng: do cn chuyn ch khi lng ln my mc v vt liu xy dng nn ch u t cn c k hoch vn chuyn ph hp ti khu vc thi cng, khng gy nh hng n lu thng trong khu vc. - Cc phng tin tham gia vn chuyn vt liu phi c kim tra, sa cha, duy tu, bo tr ng k thut, khng ch qu trng ti qui nh. -Ph bt kn khi chuyn ch vt liu xy dng khng ri vi dc ng, gy nhim bi v nh hng n cuc sng ca ngi dn sng ven ng. - Nghim chnh chp hnh lut l giao thng, khng phng nhanh, vt u, gy ra cc tai nn ng tic cho ngi dn trong vng. - Hn ch s dng ci v gim tc khi i qua khu vc dn c v trong khu vc cm, cng nh trong cng trng xy dng. 4.3 Giai on d n i vo hot ng: Ngun cht thi ng quan tm v phi x l trit lc ny l nc thi sinh hot, nc thi t khu trung tm thng mi ch nng sn, cht thi rn t sinh hot, cht thi rn t khu trung tm thng mi v ch nng sn. Nc ma chy trn cng l mt dng gy nhim nu khng c bin php thu gom, tiu nc v x l thch hp. 4.3.1. X l cht thi rn:

Cht thi rn c ban cng trnh cng cng thu gom hng ngy trong tng h dn c. Sau chng c tp trung v vn chuyn n bi rc. 4.3.2. X l nc thi i vi nc thi sinh hot: c thu gom vo mt h thng thu gom ring. H thng ny s dn n nhng h ga thu gom nc v b t hoi. H ga va l ni tp trung nc, va l ni lng cc cht cn b, l lng trong nc sinh hot t cc h dn c. Nc thi sinh hot thng c x l bng cc phng php sinh hc. Tu vo lu lng, phng thc thu gom v iu kin mt bng m ngi ta chn cc phng php thch hp c th. Phng php c s dng nhiu nht hin nay nc ta x l nc thi sinh hot ti h gia nh, c quan, cm dn c l hm t hoi. Vai tr ca b t hoi l lng cc cht rn, phn hu ym kh cc cht hu c v cha cn. B t hoi c kh nng chu ti trng thay i v ln khng i hi bo tr c bit. Hiu sut x l lm gim trn 70% BOD so vi u vo. Phng php ny rt thch hp vi iu kin hin nay ca nc ta khi cha c kh nng thu gom ton b lng nc thi trong khu vc xy dng cc nh my x l nc thi quy m ln. i vi nc thi t cc khu trung tm thng mi v ch nng sn: ngun nc thi ny cha nhiu cht hu c v cht l lng. Ngun nc thi ny c thu gom v a vo h thng x l. Khu vc ny trc y c quy hoch chung l vng sn xut nng nghip ca huyn Tnh Bin. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y, vng ny tr thnh ni giao thoa khu vc khai thc , tp trung v cc vng tiu th sn phm. D kin vng ny s l: - Khu chung chuyn vt liu xy dng cho tt c cc huyn cn li trong tnh. - Mt khu vc pht trin dn c ca khu dn c tp trung v y giao thng. - Khu vc khai thc khong sn, ch bin vt liu xy dng v sn xut ch bin vt liu xy dng. - Vng cung cp mt phn rau xanh cho th.

Nh vy trong thi gian t nay n 2010, khu vc nghin cu l khu vc khai thc khong sn, ch bin vt liu xy dng, sn xut vt liu xy dng v pht trin tiu th cng nghip. 2. TRNG CY XANH CI TO NG GIAO THNG Gia c, m rng, tri btng nha trn ton tuyn vn ti ngoi m v cc on chnh ng giao thng vn ti ni m. m bo ti nc thng xuyn cc tuyn ng giao thng cc m. Trng cy dc hai bn ng v khu vc ngoi bin m. Cc xe vn chuyn cn c che ph kn trn ng i. Gia c b vch khai trng c dc < 70 chng st l. San i mt bng phng din tch xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr xung quanh to mt bng mi. Trng cy xanh to thm thc vt xung quanh khai trng, trn cc o v bn o. Hin nay Cng ty ang tin hnh xy dng cc tuyn ng quanh m. Trng cy xanh cc loi trn tt c cc tuyn ng nhm gim c lng bi lang to v ting n khi n mn khai thc . Phi hp y ban Nhn dn tnh An Giang trin khai nng cp, ci to tnh l 48 (y l ng vn ti t cc m n cc ni triu th) gp phn ci to mi trng. 3. H THNG THU GOM V X L NC THI Hin nay, ti khu vc nh my khng c h thng thu gom v x l nc thi tp trung, do nh my cn xem xt, sa cha hoc hon thin h thng x l hin ti, m bo nc thi ra sng t tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam quy nh. - i vi nc thi sinh hot: nc thi sinh hot thng c x l bng cc phng php sinh hc. Tu vo lu lng, phng thc thu gom v iu kin mt bng m ngi ta chn cc phng php thch hp c th. Phng php c s dng nhiu nht hin nay nc ta x l nc thi sinh hot ti h gia nh, c quan, cm dn c l b t hoi. Vai tr ca b t hoi l lng cc cht rn, phn hu ym kh cc cht hu c v cha cn. B t hoi c kh nng chu ti trng thay i v ln khng i hi bo tr c bit. Hiu sut x l lm gim trn 70% BOD so vi u vo. Phng php ny rt thch hp vi iu kin hin nay ca nc ta khi cha c kh nng thu gom ton b lng nc thi trong khu vc xy dng cc nh my x l nc thi quy m ln. Hin ti, nc thi sinh hot pht sinh t nh my ch yu l nc v sinh v tm git ca cng nhn.

- Nc thi sn xut: Do c trng ca cng ngh sn xut xi mng, nc thi sn xut khng cha cc cht nhim c c tnh cao v ti lng cc cht hu c thp. Thnh phn nhim chnh trong nc thi l cc cht rn l lng, t, ct v cc cht v c. Tuy nhin cc cht thi ny ch pht sinh khi tin hnh v sinh khu vc sn xut, kho bi v bn tu. Do vy i vi nc thi sn xut t nh my hin ti ng quan tm l nc thi ti ni ra xe v phn xng sa cha my mc c ln du nht v cha lng ln cn rn l lng, lng nc thi ny phi c x l trc khi thi ra mi trng. gii quyt vn ny, nh my cng v ang lin h n v chc nng thit k trm x l i vi loi nc thi ny. Cng ngh x l nc thi c cng ty p dng Gom chung nc thi sinh hot v nc thi t hot ng sn xut (nc ra xe + nc t xng sa cha my mc) sau khi tch du nht vo chung b x l nhm tit kim din tch t s dng v chi ph xy dng theo quy trnh sau:

Theo quy trnh ny (S mt bng h thng x l nh km) nc thi sau khi qua x l c th thi ra sng hoc ti s dng ti cy hay phun xt sn, bn bi gim bi. Ring nc gii nhit thi ra t qu trnh lm mt my mc, thit b, nh my xy dng b x l gm 2 ngn c tc dng lng cn, nc sau lng c hon lu s dng. Tuy nhin, nh my cn phi m rng din tch b x l nc thi, m bo sc cha v lu nc thi trong thi gian x l v hon lu ti s dng ngun nc ny. - Khng ch nc chy trn: nc ma chy trn c quy c l nc sch v c th thi b trc tip vo h thng thot nc chung ra sng sau khi c ngn v tch du hoc cc cht bn c kch thc ln. Do nc ma ch cha mt lng nh cht nhim trong qu trnh chy trn trn mt t nn nh my c th xy dng h thng thot nc ma ring, tp trung vo h lng cn trc khi cho chy ra sng.

Chng trnh giam sat moi trng nham muc ch am bao s hoat ong hieu qua cua cac thiet b x ly. Trong qua trnh van hanh co the co cac khau trong qua trnh x ly khong at hieu qua, can x ly kp thi. e at c muc ch tren, ngoai viec t kiem tra cua mnh, x nghiep se cung cac c quan chuyen mon co chng trnh giam sat nh ky hang nam. Noi dung giam sat gom: 1. Giam sat o nhiem khong kh: Chat lng khong kh ben trong va ben ngoai x nghiep c giam sat e anh gia mc o o nhiem theo cac thong so: bui tong cong, H2S, NH3, CO2 Cac iem o tai x nghiep va khu vc dan c lan can. Tieu chuan so sanh da vao tieu chuan cua Bo KHCNMT ban hanh. 2. Giam sat o nhiem nguon nc: Nc thai sau khi x ly can c giam sat cac thong so: SS, COD, BOD, tong N, Coliforms tai cong xa ra moi trng. Ngoai ra, can xem xet cac thong so cam quan nh: o mau, o mui, o uc * Tan suat giam sat: - Kiem tra o nhiem kh: 2 lan/ nam. - Kiem tra o nhiem nc: 2 lan/ nam. * Phng phap giam sat: Viec thu mau, bao quan va phan tch c thc hien theo cac tieu chuan moi trng Viet Nam.

Qua qu trnh kho st, phn tch v nh gi tc ng mi trng ca KHU N C THNG MI & TH TH TRN PH M , t nhng kt qu kho st thc t, chng ti i n kt lun sau:

Qua bo co trn chng ti cng c mt s kin ngh sau: - Cc c quan chc nng h tr, xem xt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca KHU DN C THNG MI & TH TH TRN PH M ng thi cho kin thm nh d n sm i vo hot ng n nh.

1. Kt lun 2. Kin ngh

PHAN PHU LUC MOT SO TIEU CHUAN MOI TRNG VIET NAM
TIEU CHUAN VIET NAM TCVN 5937 - 1995
TIEU CHUAN CHAT LNG KHONG KH XUNG QUANH

( mg/m3 )
Nong o chat o nhiem

TT

Chat o nhiem Bui l lng CO SO2 NO2 Pb O3

Trung bnh Trung bnh 1 gi 0,3 40 0,5 0,4 0,2 8 gi 10 -

Trung bnh 24 gi 0,2 5 0,3 0,1 0,005 0,06

1 2 3 4 5 6

* Pham vi ap dung: - Tieu chuan nay quy nh gia tr gii han cac thong so c ban trong khong kh xung quanh.

- Tieu chuan nay c s dung e anh gia mc chat lng khong kh xung quanh va giam sat o nhiem khong kh.
TIEU CHUAN VIET NAM TCVN 5939 - 1995 GII HAN TOI A CHO PHEP CUA BUI VA CAC CHAT VO C TRONG KH THAI CONG NGHIEP (mg/m3)

T T 1

Thong so

Gia tr gii han A B 200 200 100 400 50 Khong 2 500 500 1000 100

Bui khoi: - Nau kim loai - Be nha tong 400 500 400 600 100 Khong 6 1500 1500 2500 300 cac

- Xi mang 2 - Cac nguon khac Bui: 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 9 - Cha silic Cha amiang H2S CO SO2 NOx ( nguon ) Amniac

* Pham vi ap dung:

- Tieu chuan nay quy nh gia tr nong o toi a cua cac chat vo c va bui trong kh thai cong nghiep (tnh bang mg/m3 kh thai) khi thai vao khong kh xung quanh. Kh thai cong nghiep noi trong tieu chuan nay la kh va kh co cha bui do cac qua trnh san xuat, kinh doanh, dch vu va cac hoat ong khac tao ra. - Tieu chuan nay c ap dung e kiem soat nong o cac chat vo c va bui trong thanh phan kh thai cong nghiep trc khi thai vao khong kh xung quanh. * Gia tr gii han: - Gia tr gii han cot A ap dung cho cac c s ang hoat ong. - Gia tr gii han cot B ap dung cho tat ca cac c s ke t ngay c quan quan ly moi trng quy nh.
TIEU CHUAN VIET NAM TCVN 5949 - 1995 GII HAN TOI A CHO PHEP TIENG ON KHU CONG CONG VA DAN C

(Theo mc ap am tng ng) dBA THI GIAN TT KHU VC T 6h en 12h ac 50 T 18h en 22h 45 T 22h en 6h 10

Khu vc can biet yen tnh :

benh vien, th vien, nha ieu dng, nha tre, trng hoc 2 Khu dan c, khach 60 55 45

san, nha , c quan hanh chnh 3 Khu vc thng mai dch vu Khu san xuat nam xen ke khu dan c 70 70 50

75

70

50

* Pham vi ap dung: - Tieu chuan nay quy nh mc on toi a cho phep tai cac khu cong cong va dan c. Tieng on noi trong tieu chuan nay la tieng on do hoat ong cua con ngi tao ra, khong phan biet cac nguon gay on. - Tieu chuan nay ap dung e kiem soat moi ong co the gay ra on trong khu cong cong va c. Tieu chuan nay khong ap dung cho mc on trong cac c s san xuat cong nghiep va phng giao thong ng bo. hoat dan ben tien

TIEU CHUAN VIET NAM TCVN 5945-1995 NC THAI CONG NGHIEP - TIEU CHUAN THAI

TT

Thong so

n v

Gia tr gii han A

C 45 5- 9 100

1 2 3

Nhiet o PH BOD5 (200C)

40 6-9 20

40 5,5 - 9 50

mg/l mg/l

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

COD Chat lng Asen Cadimi Ch Clo d Crom VI Crom III Dau khoang m ran l

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l (tnh mg/l mg/l mg/l tong

50 50 0,05 0,01 0,1 1 0,05 0,2 KPH 5 0,2 1 0,2 0,2 0,2 4 1 0,02 0,2 0,005 30 0,05 0,1 1 0,001

100 100 0,1 0,02 0,5 2 0,1 1 1 10 1 2 1 1 0,5 6 5 0,1 1 0,005 60 0,3 1 2 0,05

400 200 0,5 0,5 1 2 0,5 2 5 30 5 5 5 2 1 8 10 0,1 5 0,01 60 0,3 10 5 1

Dau ong thc vat ong Kem Mangan Niken Photpho hu c Photpho so Sat Tetracloetylen Thiec Thuy ngan Tong Nit Tricloetilen Amoniac theo N) Florua Phenola

29 31

Sulfua Coliforms Ghi chu:

mg/l MPN/100 ml

0,2 5.000

0,5 10.000

1 -

- Gia tr nc thai A co the o vao nguon nc dung cho sinh hoat. - Gia tr nc thai B co the o vao nguon nc dung cho nong nghiep, thuy san, giao thong thuy. - Gia tr nc thai > B va < C ch co the o vao ni quy nh. - Gia tr nc thai C cam thai ra moi trng neu khong qua x ly.

.2. i tng, qui m b tc ng : * Ngun nhim l nc thi: nc thi t ln tri cng nhn ch mang tnh tm thi nhng tc ng ca n khng nh do lng nc thi ny khng c qun l tt. Khi d n i vo hot ng, mt lng ln nc thi pht sinh do hot ng sinh hot ca dn c trong khu d n, do cc hot ng bun bn trong khu trung tm thng mi v khu ch nng sn. Cht thi ny chim mt lng ln v thng xuyn. Rt cn thit phi c mt h thng thu gom v x l tt. Nu c mt h thng thu gom v x l vn hnh tt th ngun nc thi ny khng hay thm ch t nh hng n i sng ca cng ng dn c cng nh tc ng lm bin i cht lng ngun nc tip nhn. Nu khng c qun l tt, nc thi t sinh hot v hot ng bun bn s c tc ng mnh m n i sng ca mt lng ln dn c sinh sng ph thuc vo ngun nc. * Ngun nhim l cht thi rn: cht thi rn trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng c th s dng lm vt liu san lp mt bng. Ngun cht thi rn ny khng nh hng nhiu n dn c cng nh l cc yu t mi trng trong khu vc. Cht thi rn hu c c th c tc

ng n m quan v to mi hi thi kh chu. Qun l khng tt, mi ca cht thi rn hu c c th tc ng mnh m n cng nhn lao ng trc tip v mt phn nh cng ng dn c sng gn khu vc d n. Cht thi rn sinh hot trong giai on d n i vo hot ng mang tnh n nh v thng xuyn. Chng s c thu gom v mang i ni khc. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh vn chuyn i ni khc, cht thi rn c th ri vi trn ng di chuyn. Nu khng c qun l tt ti ngun thi, cht thi rn trong giai on ny c th to ra mt lng cht thi khng l, l ni tr n cho chut, rui v s gy nhim nghim trng ngun nc. * Ngun gy nhim l bi, khi: bi pht sinh ch yu trong giai on san lp gii ta mt bng v giai on thi cng. Khng c qun l tt, bi khng ch tc ng mnh m n cng nhn lm vic trong khu vc d n m cn tc ng n c dn xung quanh d n. Bi mn t cc cng trnh xy dng khi i vo khng kh c th gy nn cc bnh ngh nghip nh vim phi, vim kh thng cho cc i tng tip xc thng xuyn v lu di. Khi pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng cc hng mc cng trnh. Khi nh hng mnh m n cng nhn v dn c xung quanh. Khi khi i vo kh quyn s pht tn v nh hng n mt vng rng ln. Cc cht kh c trong khi thi l nguyn nhn gy nn ma axit. Hu qu ca ma axit l l nhim nghim trng ngun nc, ph hy ma mng v cc cng trnh xy dng, lm nhim t. Cc s liu chng minh: khi c to ra quc gia ny nhng tc ng ca chng c th xy ra quc gia khc nh vn ma axit. 3.3. nh gi tc ng Trong mi giai on hot ng ca d n u c cc tc ng n mi trng. Giai on san lp gii ta mt bng: tc ng ca cc ngun thi n mi trng khng ng k, ch mang tnh cc b v trong mt thi gian ngn. Tc ng mnh nht l lm xo trn h sinh thi trn cn v nh hng n m quan ca khu vc thc hin. Cht thi rn c thi ra c th c s dng lm vt liu san lp cho cc vng trng. Vn tc ng n mt b phn nh c dn sng trong vng thc hin d n phi di di. Tc ng ny c th nghim trng nu cc chnh sch n b, gii ta v gii quyt vic lm khng tha ng cho ngi dn.

Giai on thi cng xy dng: tc ng ch yu do vic lm xo trn b mt t. nhim khng kh do khi bi t cc phng tin thi cng c gii. Tc ng ca nhim khng kh l rt ng k. Nu khng c kim sot tt, mt vng rng ln s b nh hng bi cc cht kh c kh nng to ma axit. Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn lao ng cng l ngun gy nhim nghim trng. Ngun ny ch yu tc ng n iu kin v sinh v sinh hot ca trc tip cng nhn xy dng. Tc ng ca giai on d n i vo hot ng l rt k do mt lng cht thi c thi ra mt cch thng xuyn v n nh. Ngun pht sinh tc ng ch yu l nc thi sinh hot, nc thi t cc khu trung tm v ch nng sn, cht thi rn sinh hot v cht thi rn hu c t khu trung tm thng mi v ch nng sn. Tc ng ca cht thi trong giai on ny khng n ni nghim trng nu ch u t thc hin y mi yu cu k thut c nu nh trong bn bo co ny. 3.4. nh gi v phng php s dng Cc phng php sau c s dng nh gi trong bo co: - Phng php thng k: ng dng trong vic thu thp v x l cc s liu kh tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc ca Khu du lich. - Phng php kho st, o c, ly mu ngoi hin trng v th nghim phn tch nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng mi trng khng kh, ting n, nc thi, nc cp v mi trng nc xung quanh ca khu vc Khu du lich. - Phng php so snh dng nh gi cc tc ng trn c s tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng (TCVN - 1995). - Phn tich, anh gia va d bao tac ng n mi trng do hoat ng cua Khu du lich v cac phng din: nc thai, khi thai, cht thai rn, phong chng chay n, - Phng php iu tra x hi hc c s dng trong qu trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti khu vc ca khu du lch - xut cac bin phap han ch ti a cac tac ng tiu cc n mi trng phat sinh t hoat ng cua Khu du lich. Cc phng php c thc hin trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng l hon ton ng tin cy. Vic thc hin cc phng php thu thp s liu s cp th cp ngay ti hin trng v ti cc ni lu tr c lin quan l ht sc cn thit. Cc phng php suy lun, nh gi, d bo rt cn thit trong trng hp ngun tc ng ca d n l khng r rng, c th. Ngoi ra, phng php so

snh cng l mt phng php rt tt cho hot ng ca d n khi m hnh ca d n cn nh gi tc ng mi trng c loi hnh hot ng tng t nh mt s m hnh d n c trc , c thc hin.