TIU CHUN XY DNG VIT NAM TCXDVN 259:2001

TIU CHUN THIT K CHIU SNG NHN TO NG, NG PH, QUNG TRNG TH Artificial lighting for urban road, street and square, Design standard Li ni u Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 259 : 2001 Tiu chun thit k chiu sng nhn to ng, ng ph, qung trng th xy dng trn c s sot xt TCXD 95 : 1983 - Tiu chun thit k chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi cng trnh xy dng dn dng (phn chiu sng nhn to ng, ng ph, qung trng) do Cng ty Chiu sng v Thit b th - S Giao thng cng chnh Thnh ph H Ni ch tr bin son, V Khoa hc Cng ngh trnh duyt, B Xy dng ban hnh theo quyt nh s 28/2001/Q-BXD, ngy 13 thng 11 nm 2001. Tiu chun ny quy nh: chi trung bnh, ri trung bnh trn mt ng, cao treo n thp nht, yu cu v an ton ca h thng chiu sng, phng php tnh ton v thit k chiu sng ng, ng ph v qung trng th. 1. Phm vi p dng Tiu chun ny p dng tnh ton thit k xy dng mi, ci to v kim nh h thng chiu sng nhn to ng, ng ph, qung trng th. Ch thch: Khi thit k chiu sng, ngoi vic tun theo tiu chun ny cn phi tun theo cc tiu chun, quy phm hin hnh c lin quan. Tiu chun ny khng p dng thit k chiu sng ng trong cc cng trnh xy dng c bit (cng trnh ngm, cng, sn bay), cng trnh cng nghip, kho tng, qung co v kin trc. 2. Tiu chun trch dn 2.1. TCVN 4400 : 57 - K thut chiu sng - Thut ng v nh ngha. 2.2. TCXD 104 : 1983 - Quy phm thit k k thut ng, ng ph, qung trng th 2.3. 11 TCN 19 : 1984 - Quy phm trang b in, h thng ng dy dn in. 2.4. TCVN 5828 : 1984 - n chiu sng ng ph - Yu cu k thut 2.5. TCVN 4086 : 1985 - Quy phm an ton li in trong xy dng 2.6. TCVN 4756 : 1989 - Tiu chun k thut v ni t v ni khng cc thit b in 3. Quy nh chung 3.1. H thng chiu sng nhn to y c quy nh l cc h thng chiu sng lp bng n phng in (hunh quang, thy ngn cao p, halogenua kim loi, natri cao cp, thp p) v bng n nung sng (k c bng halogen nung sng). 3.2. H thng chiu sng ng, ng ph, qung trng l mt b phn ca cng trnh k thut h tng th, bao gm cc trm bin p, t iu khin, cp, dy dn, ct v n c thit k, xy dng v t chc thnh h thng c lp m bo cho vic vn hnh v sa cha an ton, hiu qu. 3.3. Khi tnh ton thit k h thng chiu sng ng, ng ph, qung trng cn phi tnh n h s d tr v s ln lau n trong nm, c quy nh trong bng 1. Bng 1 n nung sng n phng in

H s d tr khi s dng S ln lau n trong nm 4. Yu cu k thut

1,3 4

1,5 4

4.1. Phn cp ng ph, ng v qung trng th theo yu cu chiu sng c quy nh trong bng 2. Bng 2 Loi ng ph, qung trng ng ph cp th Cp ng ph th ng cao tc Chc nng chnh ca ng, ph, qung trng Xe chy tc cao, lin h gia cc khu ca th loi I, gia cc th v cc im dn c trong h thng chm th. T chc giao thng khc cao Giao thng lin tc lin h gia cc khu nh , khu cng nghip v cc khu trung tm cng cng ni vi ng cao tc trong phm vi th. T chc giao thng khc cao Giao thng c iu khin lin h trong phm vi th gia cc khu nh , khu cng nghip v trung tm cng cng ni vi ng ph chnh cp I. T chc giao nhau khc cao Lin h trong gii hn ca nh , ni vi ng ph chnh cp th Vn chuyn hng ha cng nghip v vt liu xy dng ngoi khu dn dng, gia cc khu cng nghip v khu kho tng bn bi Lin h gia cc tiu khu, nhm nh vi ng khu vc (khng c giao thng cng cng) Chuyn ch hng ha cng nghip v vt liu xy dng trong gii hn khu cng nghip, kho tng, ni ra ng vn ti v cc ng khc - Qung trng chnh thnh ph - Qung trng giao thng v qung trng trc cu - Qung trng trc ga - Qung trng u mi cc cng trnh giao thng - Qung trng trc cc cng trnh cng cng v cc a im tp trung cng cng Tc tnh ton (km/h) 120 Cp chiu sng A

ng ph cp I

100

ng ph cp II

80

Cp khu vc

ng khu vc ng vn ti

80 80

B B

ng ni b

ng khu nh ng khu cng nghip, v kho tng

60

60

Qung trng

A A A A B

4.2. Tr s chi trung bnh v ri trung bnh tng ng trn di c hot ng vn chuyn ca ng, ng ph v qung trng khng c nh hn cc gi tr quy nh trong bng 3. Cp A Lu lng xe ln nht trong thi gian c chiu sng (xe/h) T 3000 tr ln T 1000 n di 3000 T 500 n di 1000 Di 500 B T 2000 tr ln T 1000 n di 2000 T 500 n di 1000 T 200 n di 500 Di 200 C D Ghi ch: 1. Tr s chi trung bnh trn mt ng cao tc xa ng ph chnh khng ph thuc vo lu lng ln nht. 2. Khi thit k chiu sng cn lu . i vi ng, ng ph qung trng c lp mt l b tng cp cao tnh theo tr s chi trung bnh. i vi ng, ng ph, qung trng c lp mt l th yu (thm nhp nha, dm, si trn nha) tnh theo tr s ri trung bnh. 3. Ti ch giao nhau khc cao ca hai hoc nhiu ng cn quy nh theo tr s chi trung bnh ca ng ph c cp cao hn qua ch . 4.3. Khi thit k chiu sng trn cc trc ng vn chuyn tc ln, ti im kt thc phi to ra cc vng m c chi gim dn vi chiu di t 100 n 150m, bng cch gim cng sut bng n hoc bt i mt pha ( cc ng b tr n 2 bn). 4.4. T s gia cc tr s chi nh nht v chi trung bnh trn mt ng c hot ng vn chuyn ca ng, ng ph, qung trng khng nh hn 0,4. 4.5. T s gia tr s chi nh nht v chi trung bnh trn cc di song song vi trc ng c hot ng vn chuyn khng nh hn 0,7. 4.6. hn ch chi la, khi thit k h thng chiu sng ng, ng ph v qung trng, cn phi la chn cc thit b (n) chiu sng sao cho c ch s hn ch chi la G khng nh hn 4. Ch thch: Ch s hn ch chi la G c xc nh theo cng thc thc nghim: G = ISL + 0,97 logLtb + 4,41 logh - 1,46 logp Trong : Trn 500 Di 500 chi trung bnh trn mt ng (Cd/m2) 1,6 1,2 1,0 0,8 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,4 12 8 58 ri trung bnh trn mt ng (Lx)

ISL: Ch s c trng ca cha n (do nh sn xut cung cp hoc tnh ton o c th nghim theo cng thc) ISL: 13,84 - 3,31 log 180 + 1,3 log (180/188) 0.5 - 0,08 log (180/188) + 1,29 logF. F : Din tch pht sng ca cha n chiu trn mt phng vung gc vi vc t cng sng 180 Ltb : chi trung bnh ca mt ng h: Cao t n p: S n c trn 1km chiu di ng Ch s G ch c tnh khi 5 < h < 20 v 20 < p < 100 4.7. i vi ng cp C v cp D, cao treo n thp nht so vi mt ng khng c nh hn quy nh trong bng 4. Bng 4 Tng quang thng ln nht ca cc bng n trong n c treo ln 1 ct (Lm) T 6000 tr ln Di 6000 Di 5000 T 5000 n 10000 Trn 10000 n 20000 Trn 20000 n 30000 Trn 30000 n 40000 Trn 40000 3 n c phn b nh sng rng Di 5000 T 5000 n 10000 T 10000 n 20000 Trn 20000 n 30000 Trn 30000 n 40000 Trn 40000 7,0 8,0 9,0 cao treo n thp nht (m) khi s dng n lp Bng n nung sng 3,0 4,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 Bng n phng in 3,0 4,0 7,0 7,5 8,0 9,0 10,0 11,5 7,5 8,5 9,5 10,5 11,5 13,5

TT

Tnh cht ca n

1 2

n nm nh sng tn x n c phn b nh sng bn rng

4.8. thc hin chc nng hng dn nhn v dn hng quang hc, h thng chiu sng ng, ng ph, qung trng phi m bo cc yu cu sau y: V tr ca n chiu sng phi c b tr sao cho ngi iu khin phng tin phn bit r cc bin bo hiu. Cc bin bo ny c b mt c lm bng vt liu lm cho s phn x nh sng mang tnh khuych tn. Cc n phi c t theo hng, c tc dng nh cc tiu ngi iu khin phng tin tng kh nng nh hng. 4.9. Trn cc h ng c chiu rng ln hn 5m phi t chc chiu sng ring, vi ri trung bnh khng nh hn 3Lx v ng u chung khng nh hn 0,25.

Vi cc va h ng c chiu rng nh hn 5m, vic t chc chiu sng ring c th c hoc khng cn. 4.10. Chiu sng cc vng ca phi m bo 3 yu cu sau y: m bo cc thng s k thut nh sng chung trn mt ng theo quy nh ca tiu chun Chiu sng vng ph cn, h ng vi ri trung bnh khng nh hn 3 Lx v ng u chung khng nh hn 0,25. 4.11. i vi cc bi xe, ri trung bnh phi t ti thiu 5 Lx trn ton b din tch bi. 4.12. Ti cc nt giao thng ng mc, vic thit k lp t h thng chiu sng phi m bo cc yu cu sau: Khng nh hng n vic i li ca ngi i b. m bo kh nng phn bit c im t khong cch 200 400 m. Phi c vng chuyn tip, trnh tnh trng to ra cc thay i sng, ti t ngt. 4.13. Ti cc nt giao thng khc mc yu cu i vi h thng chiu sng l: Khng gy chi la Khng b tr ct ti nhng v tr nguy him khi bo dng. m bo tm nhn xa t 200 300m ngay c trong iu kin thi tit xu. Trnh s dng qu nhiu n gy ln ln cho ngi s dng, nn thit k cc ct n c cao ln lp bng n c quang thng ln. 4.14. Ti cc ng t giao nhau vi ng st, cn chiu sng ti thiu 30m hai bn chn tu, ch trnh lm ln ln gia cc n chiu sng v n tn hiu ng st. 4.15. cc ng gn sn bay, h thng chiu sng phi c thit k sao cho trnh gy nhm ln gia n chiu sng v h thng n tn hiu ct, h cnh ca sn bay. 4.16. cc khu vc c khng gian rng nhu qung trng, ga, nt giao thng, khi thit k chiu sng vi cc n pha t cao ln cn ch : 4.16.1. p ng cc ch tiu v s lng v cht lng nh sng sau: ri trung bnh: 25 - 30 Lx ng u chung ca nh sng: Emin/Etb khng nh hn 0,5 Ti mi im phi c t nht 2 n chiu hn ch chi la. 4.16.2. Xem xt n cc yu t kinh t, kh nng thi cng, bo dng. Ngoi ra cn phi xem xt n: Ngun in, kh nng truyn, dn. Cc bin php an ton. Nn s dng h thng n c th tho ri a xung mt t bo dng. 5. Yu cu v kt cu v an ton ca h thng chiu sng 5.1. Cp bo v Ton b cc thit b in v chiu sng s dng trong h thng chiu sng ng, ng ph v qung trng phi c cp cch in cp I v II.

5.2. m bo lm vic lu di v an ton, n s dng trong chiu sng ng, ng ph v qung trng phi ph hp vi TCVN 5828 : 1994 n chiu sng ng ph - Yu cu k thut chung v c cp bo v IP ti thiu theo quy nh trong bng 5. Bng 5 TT 1 2 3 4 5 Ni s dng Mi trng t b nhim, t bi v khng b n mn Mi trng c mc nhim trung bnh, bi v n mn trung bnh Mi trng b nhim bi n mn nng n t di cao 3 m Trong hm, thnh cu Cp bo v ti thiu 22 44 Phn quang hc: 54 Cc phn khc: 44 44 55

5.3. Li in ca h thng chiu sng 5.3.1. S dng thng nht h thng li in 3 pha c trung tnh ni t 380/200V cp ngun 5.3.2. Phng php lp t: Theo tiu chun 11 TCN 19-84 - Quy phm trang b in - H thng ng dy dn in. 5.3.3. Vic la chn tit din dy dn in cho h thng chiu sng ph thuc cc yu t sau: Cng sut n V tr trm cp ngun Tn hao in p khng ln hn 5% i vi n c v tr xa nht 5.4. iu khin h thng chiu sng: iu khin h thng chiu sng bao gm cc h thng iu khin n (r le thi gian, t bo quang in) v h thng iu khin t trung tm (pht tn hiu) phi m bo cc chc nng: Ra lnh ng ct h thng chiu sng. iu khin chiu sng (tt bt mt s n) C kh nng iu khin bng tay 5.5. Li in chiu sng (ng dy, ct, x s, cc chi tit cu kin khc) phi tun th theo cc quy nh v an ton li in trong xy dng TCVN 4086 : 1985, tiu chun v ni t v ni khng cc thit b in TCVN 4756 : 1989 v quy phm trang thit b in 11 TCN 19-84 ca B in lc. 6. Phng php tnh ton v thit k chiu sng ng, ng ph v qung trng 6.1. Cch b tr ct n 6.1.1. ng n 6.1.1.1. B tr mt pha p dng trong trng hp l h 6.1.1.2. B tr n so le p dng trong trng hp l h 6.1.1.3. B tr hnh ch nht: p dng trong trng hp l > 1,5h

6.1.1.4. B tr n trn trc ng: p dng trong trng hp trng nhiu cy 2 bn. 6.1.2. ng i 6.1.2.1. B tr trn gii phn cp: p dng trong trng hp b rng gii phn cch 1,5m v < 6m 6.1.2.2. B tr hai bn: p dng trong trng hp b rng gii phn cch < 1 m 6.1.2.3. B tr n hn hp: p dng trong trng hp ng c chiu rng ln 6.1.3. B tr n trn cc on ng cong 6.1.3.1. i vi cc on ng cong c bn knh cong > 1000m, vic b tr ct n c th p dng nh trn ng thng. 6.1.3.2. i vi cc on ng c bn knh cong < 1000m ct n c trng bn l ng pha ngoi vi khong ct thu nh < 0,7l. 6.1.3.3. Nu l> 1,5h, cn lp thm n ph pha trong ng cong. Ghi ch: l: B rng mt ng (m) h: cao t n (m) 6.2. m bo ng u dc tuyn, ty thuc vo phn b nh sng ca n v phng php b tr n, t s gia khong cch ct (c) v chiu cao t n (h) phi tha mn iu kin ghi trn bng 6. Bng 6 Hng I max 0-75
0

Phng php b tr n Mt bn hoc hai bn i xng Hai bn so le Mt bn hoc hai bn i xng Hai bn so le

e/h max 3,5 3,2 3,0 2,7

0-650

6.3. Chn loi n: hn ch chi la, ni chung nn s dng cc loi n c phn b nh sng bn rng (Imax nm trong khong t 0-650). Cc loi n phn b nh sng rng (Imax nm trong khong t 0750) ch s dng cc ng nh, chiu rng khng ln, tc phng tin thp. Cp bo v IP ca n c chn theo cc yu t sau: Tnh cht mi trng ni s dng (bng 5). Kinh ph u t cho d n xy dng. c im khng gian, kin trc vng ph cn. 6.4. Chn cng sut v loi ngun sng: 6.4.1. Cng sut ca bng n s dng c tnh bng cng thc:

 bd =
Trong : bd: Quang thng ca bng n

R.Ltb .l.e .k

Ltb: chi trung bnh trn b mt ng chn theo bng 3. l: Chiu rng ng e: Khong cch ct : H s s dng ca n, xc nh theo thng bo ca nh sn xut v phng php t n k: H s d tr ly theo gi tr quy nh ti bng 1.

Cch xc nh h s s dng theo t s l/h H s s dng ca n cn c th xc nh tng i chnh xc theo bng 7 Bng 7 l/h Ngun sng n Sodium thp p n c bu c n c bu trong 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,4 0,30 0,4 0,45 0.5 1.0 1.5

R l t s gia ri v chi trung bnh trn mt ng:

R=

E tb L tb

R cho php nh gi khi qut v tnh cht phn x ca mt ng. Cc gi tr thc nghim ca t s R c xc nh theo bng 8. Bng 8 Tnh cht lp ph Gi tr t s R

Imax t 0-650 B tng Sch Bn B tng nha mu sng B tng nha mu trung bnh B tng nha mu ti ng lt gch 12 14 14 20 25 18

Imax t 0-750 8 10 10 14 18 13

Sau khi tnh c quang thng cn thit, tra catalo v cc loi ngun sng ca cc nh sn xut chn loi v cng sut bng n cn s dng cho thch hp. Ghi ch: Phng php trn cho php tnh ton mt cch tng i chnh xc m khng i hi phi c s liu ca thit b chiu sng. Vi yu cu tnh ton chiu sng, i hi c chnh xc cao, c th s dng phng php chi im. Hin nay vic tnh ton theo phng php ny c thc hin trn my vi tnh vi cc phn mm c bit theo trnh t sau: a) a vo cc thng s: - Chiu cao t n. - Chiu rng ng. - Khong cch ct. - vn v gc nghing ca n. - Cch b tr n - Tiu chun quang hc ca lp ph mt ng - Thng s quang hc ca n b) Xc nh cc im tnh ri v chi. c) Xc nh v tr ca ngi quan st. My tnh s gii quyt cc yu cu t ra theo mt chng trnh lp sn v cho kt qu: chi, ri ti cc im cn tnh. chi, ri trung bnh Yu t ng u chung v ng u dc trc Vi kt qu trn cho php nh gi mt cch chnh xc v cht lng ca h thng nh sng.

PH LC
O RI V CHI kt qu ca cc php tnh ton chiu sng c d hiu, to kh nng so snh gia chng v i chng vi kt qu o c sau khi hon thnh h thng chiu sng, cn thit phi la chn cc im tiu biu thc hin tnh ton v o kim kt qu. Ph lc ny s trnh by cc ni dung sau: Phng php gii thiu cc gi tr im ca chi.

 Phng php gii thiu cc gi tr im ca ri. Phng php kim tra nghim thu v nh gi cht lng ca h thng chiu sng. 1. Li o ri v chi C 6 th d li im c gii thiu. Trong cc th d : lng ng c chia thnh cc ln ng c th ng vi s ln xe. Trn mi ln ng xc nh hai trc o theo chiu dc cch nhau mt khong bng 1/2 chiu rng ca ln ng. a) Li o ri Khong cch gia hai ct n c chia thnh 3 phn bng nhau, t xc nh 3 trc ngang ca li o. C th xc nh 5 trc o nu mun t chnh xc cao hn. Giao im gia cc trc ngang v dc l im o v tnh ri. ri trung bnh (E tb) l gi tr trung bnh cng ca cc ri im. b) Li o chi Cc im o v tnh gi tr ca chi cng nm trn nhng trc dc nh ca ri, nhng khong cch gia chng nh hn. Khong cch gia cc im trn trc dc c th thay i ty theo tng trng hp, nhng phi tha mn cc iu kin sau: L c s ca khong cch gia cc im o ri thun tin cho vic tnh ton trn my vi tnh. Gn bng 5m gi tr ng u dc tuyn t chnh xc cn thit theo cc tiu chun quc t. Trn s li o chi, vic xc nh v tr ngi quan st l rt quan trng c th nh gi cc yu t ng u ca chi. 2. o ri Dng c o kim (Luxmeter) phi p ng c cc yu cu sau: C knh lc vi hnh dng thch hp thu nh sng t mi pha trong khng gian. C nhy quang ph tng ng vi ng cong V ca CIE (y ban chiu sng quc t) C gii o thch hp vi gi tr cn o. c c quan chuyn mn kim nh Vic o kim nghim thu v nh gi cht lng h thng chiu sng phi c tin hnh trong cc iu kin: B n mi - sch Ngun sng qua mt thi gian vn hnh nht nh (n si t - 1h, n phng in - 100h) Cc vn ch trong qu trnh o kim: on ng c chn o phi thng, nm ngang v p ng cc thng s c trng v lp t ca h thng nh chiu rng ng, khong ct, cao n, cng sut n Trong qu trnh o, vic m bo an ton cho con ngi v phng tin giao thng cn c c bit coi trng. i vi cc h thng s dng n phng in, vic o kim phi c tin hnh sau khi n lm vic t nht 20 pht, khi quang thng pht ra n nh. T bo quang in t nm ngang trn mt ng v c iu chnh thng bng bng niv. Trong qu trnh o, ch khng t bo b che bng bi ngi . t chnh xc cao, cn o hai ln ti mi im. Trong bin bn o kim cn ghi r:

 Ngy gi o. on ng tin hnh o (T ct n s n ct n s) Tn cp chnh xc ca thit b o. Loi n, ngun sng, cng sut. in p ngun Trong php o ri trong cc iu kin ngoi tri, sai s cho php l 10%. 3. o chi Php o chi c thc hin bng my o chi (Candelameter). y l php o tng i phc tp v i hi chnh xc cao. Thit b o phi c nhy quang ph, gii o thch hp. Nhn chung phng php ny Vit Nam mi c s dng trong phm vi phng th nghim. i vi cc h thng chiu sng nhn to ng, ng ph, qung trng th c th xc nh chi gn ng thng qua php o ri theo cng thc:

L tb =

E tb R

y Etb l gi tr ri o c v R l gi tr thc nghim, c trng cho tnh cht phn x ca mt ng, c xc nh theo bng 8 ca tiu chun ny. LI IM O RI V CHI Di y l mt s th d v li o ri, chi. Trong : V: Chiu rng ln ng e: Khong cch gia hai ct n : im o chi O: im o ri Ct n B TR N 1 BN HOC 2 BN I XNG B TR N 2 BN XEN K

MC LC
Li ni u 1. Phm vi p dng 2. Tiu chun trch dn 3. Quy nh chung 4. Yu cu k thut 5. Yu cu v kt cu v an ton ca h thng chiu sng 6. Phng php tnh ton v thit k chiu sng ng, ng ph v qung trng Ph lc