8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnh
nghiencuuquocte.org /2016/04/16/biengioingatrungchientranhlanh/
ByTheObserver 4/16/2016

Vnbingiigiaccqucgiadntclunlunlvnphctptrongqukh,hintivtnglai.Giiquytcctranhchp,phnnhbingiigiacc
nclnctmquantrngcbitivivicduytrhabnh,anninh,phttrincakhuvc,thgiivccsiucng,cngqucvquanhgiahlun
givaitrtolntrongquanhquct.Nga(LinXtrcy)vTrungQuclhainclncchungngbingii.TrcvtrongChintranhLnh,giahai
qucgiaxyratranhchpbingii,lnhthvvnbingiichacgiiquythontonlinhngkinhnghimchoccthhsau.Bivitphntch
nhngntchnhvvnbingiiNga(LinX)TrungQucthiktrcvtrongChintranhLnhvrtramtsnhnxtvvnny.

1.NhngntchnhvvnbingiigiaNgaviTrungQuctrcvtrongchintranhlnh

Shnhthnh,phttrincaqucgiadntclungnbchtchvibingiiqucgia.VcbnlnhthvbingiicaTrungQuchnhthnhnnhvo
triuiMnThanh(16441911).Saucicchnngnnm1861,ncNgatinnhanhvochnghatbncuithkXIX,uthkXX,qucNga
qucphongkinqunphitmrnglnhthcamnhsangChuu,Chu,nhiunhtlvphang(khuvcXibrivVinng)vphttrinnh
hngngBc.

TrongkhongthigiantsauChintranhNhaphingiaTrungQucviAnh(18401842)ncchmngTnHinm1911,dosuyyu,bcnhcvthtbi,
triunhphongkinMnThanhTrungQucbucphikrtnhiuhipcbtbnhngvicccngqucthcdnuMmktqulmtnhiut,
8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

[1]
phibithngchinphvphthucvoccncchuuvHoaK( ).

ThiktrcichinThgiithnht,ncNgacnhhnglnTrungQuc,ccbiuhinl:nm1895NgathnhlpNgnhngNgaTrung,1896Nga
HongvMnThanhkHipclinminhchngNhtBn,NgaxydngvkhaithctuynngstngTrungQuc(tHcLongGiang,CtLmnHi
SmUy),1898TrungQucchoNgathubnoLiungvphoiiLin,1900NgaHongaquntiMnChuL,1903NgavNhtmphnvs
[2]
phnMnChuLvTriuTinkhnginktqu( ).

Nm1917,ncNgaXVitthnhlpsauthngliCchmngThngMiNga,nm1922LinXrai.Nm1949CnghaNhndnTrungHoactuyn
bthnhlpsauchinthngcangCngsnTrungQuctrongnichinviQucDnng.VnbingiiXTrungtrthnhmtvnquantrng
trongquanhXTrung.dinrastranhchpvgiiquytvnbingiigiahaincxhichnghalnnhttrongthigianChintranhLnh,iuny
thhinnhsau:

Thnht,gintiplinquannvnbingiiXTrunglvnCnghaNhndnMngC.MngCqucgianmgiaLinXvTrungQucclch
sbihng.Nm1921visgipcancNgaXVit,MngClmcchmngthnhcngvtuynbilnchnghaxhi.LnhoTrungQuclunc
nhstnhpMngCvoTrungQuc.iunygpphisphnicaLinXvchnhMngC.CcnhlnhoXVitphniTrungQucthntnh
MngCdoLinXcnmtngminhlnggingMngCtnti,cnMngClmphndungncchgiaLinXviTrungQucvkhngbaogimun
cmtncTrungQuchngxmmrngbingiiqucgia,lnmnh.

Nm1936,khinichuynvinhboHoaKE.Snow,lnhtMaoTrchngkhngnhdnhsaukhingCngsnlnnmchnhquynTrungQuc
[3]
saMngCgianhpncTrungHoami( ).

LnhoTrungQuccptrctipvntrnvilnhoLinX.Maxun1949khithnglitrongnichinQucCngnmtrongtmtayng
Cngsn,ChtchMaoTrchngnukinnghviTngBthngCngsnLinXXtalinvvicstnhpMngCvoTrungQuc,XtalintrliMao
TrchngrngLinXkhngnghnvicCnghaNhndnMngCstbnnclpcamnhvvicMngCgianhpTrungQuchontoncng
[4]
vicnib,tquytcanhndnMngC( ).Nm1954,khiTrungQucknim5nmngythnhlpCnghaNhndnTrungHoavisthamdcaon
[5]
ibiuLinXvonibiuMngCtiBcKinhTrungQuclitvntrnviLinX,MngCvLinX,MngCbcbyucu( ).

CctiliuTrungQuclunlunkhngnhMngClmtphncaTrungQuc.TrongschTmttlchsccdntcMngCxutbnnm1977tiTrung
Quctrangukhngnh,MngClmtbphncaTrungQuctrongtpchinTrungQucs21994,khiphntchccskinxyrah
Khaxannm1938vkhuvcsngKhankingnnm1939(nixyrachintranhgialinqunLinXMngCviquniNhtBn)tcgibivitkhng
[6]
nhrng:MngClmtbphncaTrungQucvcgilNiMng( ).

Thhai,LinXvTrungQuctranhchpvgiiquytvnbingiiXTrungtrongthikChintranhLnh.SvnngvnbingiigiaLinX
viTrungQuctrongthigiant19491991cthchialmccgiaion:19491960,19601969,19701991.

Tronggiaion19491960:LinXvTrungQuclinminhvinhau,cngchngchnghaquc,hainctranhlunvvnbingii,bcubn
binphphptcphnnhbingiichung.
8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

[7]
SauHipchungh,linminhvtngtrlnnhaukgialnhocaocpLinXvTrungQucngy14thng21950 ( ),quanhXTrungphttrin.
Mtsminhchngl:ChnhphLinXchoTrungQucvaydihn520triurp,gipTrungQucxydngmi15xnghipcngnghipvcungcpthitb
[8]
cito,mrng141xnghip( ).

Vvnbingiiqucgia,nm1951TrungQucxutbnBncctnhTrungQuctrongnhiulnhthangxyratranhchpgiaTrungQucvicc
nclnggingxungquanhnhTriuTin,MngC,Cadcxtan,Cdgxtan,pganixtan,n,LinXcxemlphntcaTrungQuc.Theoyucu
caTrungQucnm1952,isLinXtiBcKinhchuynchoChnhphTrungQucbnchititbingiiXTrungdoLinXvtrnghinhiu
imLinXangchimgi,theoquanimcaLinXltcaLinXmTrungQuctnhnllnhthcamnhtheotltTrungQuc1951vbn
[9]
nyTrungQuckhngckinphnbc( ).

Dosphnitccnclngging,nm1953TrungQucinbnTrungQucmivimtssachasovibnnm1951,nhiuvngtangxyra
tranhchpgiaTrungQucviccnclnggingcTrungQuctrlinhvipganixtan(ltnhBatxan),iviLinX(ltnhminniBatxan)
Theobnny,bingiiXTrungtheohthngniphabckhuvcCartcrunvvngUrBenlchaxcnh.Cnlurngtrongthigianny,lnh
oTrungQuckhngcngnhncchipcbtbnhngmnhThanhkvicccngqucu,MvBcKinhchorngtrongcchipcnycc
ncqucthcdnlyvcpirtnhiutcaTrungQuc.Trongvnbingiiqucgia,TrungQuckhngthanhncchipnhmtriunh
MnThanhkvithcdnAnhcuithk19lydyHimalayalmbingiigiaTrungQucviccthucacaAnhvHipcLtvaknm1879phn
[10]
nhbingiigiaNgaHongvTrungQucMnThanh( ).

Tronggiaion19601969,quanhLinXvTrungQucxui,haincthihnhchnhschiu,thchvinhauvxyrachintranhbingiiX
Trungnm1969.

CucmphnlnthnhtvbingiiXTrungctinhnhtthng2nthng7nm1964,trongvngmphnnyhaibntraoibn,t
[11]
csnhttrmingvngbingiiphang,nhngchakchipnhchnhthcnocoinhhimkhngcktqu( ).Do,thng91964,
[12]
TrungQucyucuxtliccvnglnhthChumcchongTrungHoamtvotayNgaHongthkXIX( ).Thng81968qunikhi
VcxavadoLinXlnhovothPrahavcuchnghaxhiTipKhc,ngy2381968trongbuitipisRumanitiBcKinhThtngTrung
[13]
QucChunLailnutingiLinXlqucxhichngha,ibXVit( ).

MuthunXTrungphttringaygtdntichintranhbingiiXTrung.LclngvtrangLinXvquniTrungQucnhnhauccothuc
vngamantrnsngUssuri(Nga)thng31969vkhuvcDalanacn(Cadcxtan)vothng81969vmtsimkhctrnbingiiXTrung.Xungt
giaLinXvTrungQucbingiicchmdtsaukhidinracucgpgiaThtngLinXCxginvngingcpTrungQucChunLaitisn
[14]
bayBcKinhngy1191969,lnhohainctthathunvnhchinbingiivmcucmphngiiquytcctranhchp( ).

mphnlnthhaivbingiigiaLinXviTrungQucdinratronggn9nm,tthng101969nthng61978vvnkhnginktqucui
cng.uthng101969,cucmphnTrungXvbingiigiahaincbtutinhnhBcKinh,nhngquanimhaibnhontonkhcnhau:pha
TrungQucchorngvngtranhchpbingiigiaLinXvTrungQuccdintchkhong33.000km2cnbnLinXchnggiiquyttranhchpbin
[15]
giichunggiahainctheocchipckcuithkXIXgiaNgaHongvichnhquynMnThanh,dohimgiahainckhngcktqu( ).
8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

Mtkhc,theohikcanguynNgoitrngTrungQucTinKThmnhngoigiaolothnhthamgiamphngiaTrungQucviLinXvbnh
thnghaquanhgiahaincvphnnhbingiiXTrung:Donhngnguynnhnlchs,onbingiitrnsngAmur(sngHcLong)giaTrung
QucvLinXthinhThanhchnginlysnglmbingiichkhnghochnhcthvnghimtc.PhaLinXvnngtrnlptrngngang
ngccaNgaSahong,tuynbbingiiTrungQuccnchochnhtheongvensnggiituyn(snggipranh)thucphaLinX.Nunhvy,
ccotrnsngnghimnhinthucvphaLinX,trongkhiccsngHcLongvTLlnhngsngthuclnhthLinX.PhaTrungQucng
nhinkhngthnhttrmchtrngcnclutphpvthnglquct,cnvchtrungtmtrnngluthngchnhcasnggipranhlmngbingii
[16]
chung.Nm1969xungtmmuxyraoTrnBogiahaincsuychocngcngdonguynnhnny( ).

VchintranhbingiiXTrung(nhiutcgitrongvngoincgilxungtbingiiXTrung),trongTuynbcaChnhphTrungQucngy810
1969,ThtngChunLaikhngnhTrungQucsgiiquytcctranhchp,btngvbingiiviccnctrncscngbng,thngquathnglng
[17]
habnh,khngsdngvlc( ).

Giaionthba19701991:tronghn10nmuquanhgiaLinXviTrungQucvnthiu,chvocuinhngnm1980hainctinhnhci
thinquanh,bnhthngha,mphnvbcugiiquytvnbingiiNgaTrung.

SauchintranhbingiiXTrung,cLinXvTrungQucuaracckinnghnhmgiiquytvnbingiigiahainc.

Nm1971,LinXnghTrungQucvLinXkHipckhngsdngvlctrongquanhvinhau,1973lnhoLinXlikinnghkHipnh
khngtncngnhaugiahainc,songBcKinhbcbhaiyucutrncaMtxcva.Ngy2621978,bocotrcQuchiTrungQuc,ChtchHoa
QucPhongchorng:cithinquanhgiaLinXvTrungQuc,LinXphirtcclclngvtrangrakhiccvngbingiitranhchpXTrung,
rtqunrakhiMngC,khiphcbingiiXTrungvhintrngunhngnm1960Ngy931978,BNgoigiaoTrungQucchuyncnghm
[18]
vinidungnhtrnchoV.S.TnschicpisLinXtiBcKinh( ).

LinquannquanhvbingiigiaLinXviTrungQuccuinm1979,quniXVittinvoCabun,ChnhphTrungQucratuynbphniv
yucurtquniLinXrakhipganixtanvtheoboNhndnnhtbohnhngaqunvopganixtancaMtxcvatorasedavian
[19]
ninhTrungQucthngTy( ).

QuanhgiaLinXviTrungQucccithin,tintibnhthnghachsaukhiihiXIIcangCngsnTrungQuc(1982)xcnhlyphttrin
kinhtlmnhimvtrngtmthaychotrclyutranhgiaicplnglcphttrincaxhivthcthichnhschingoihabnh,LinXt1985
thchinCittiuchuynsangithoiviccithtrc.

VphaTrungQuc:nm1982,ngCngsnTrungQuchpihiXIIxcnhhabnhvphttrinlxuthchnhdngchlucathiivquytnh
phttrinkinhttnclnhimvtrngtm,thchinchnhschingoihabnh,chuyntrngtmingoitthchvutranhgiaicpsanglyli
chqucgiadntclmhngu.TrongquanhviLinX,TrungQucchtrngmphntintibnhthngvgiiquytphnnhbingiiTrungX
[20]
theoquanimcaBcKinh.Mah1982,TrungQucchnhthcyucuLinXgiiquyt3trngilntrongquanhgiahainc( ).Gpgvmphn
TrungXvbnhthnghaquanhvphnnhbingiigiahainccthchintrongthpnin80thkXXtcpVtrngnThtrng,B
trng,PhThtngvcpcaonhtNguynthqucgia.
8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

VphaLinX,saunhiunmiuXTrung,thng31982tiTasken(thUdbchxtan)caLinXnhlnhoXVitBrezhnevphtbiuthanhn
TrungQuclncxhichngha,chquyncaTrungQuciviiLoanvtuynbsnsngcithinquanhviTrungQuc.Tiptheo,trongtuyn
bcaTngBthngCngsnLinXGocbachpVlaivtxtc(71986)vCrtxnar(91988),LinXiuchnhchnhschvikhuvcngBc,
[21]
theo:LinXsgimquniphangvrthtlclngvtrangtMngCvnc,tintibnhthnghaquanhviTrungQuc( )iucnlu
ltiVlaivtxtc,GocbachpchpnhnlptrngcaTrungQucvvnbingiigiahainc,ngphnchiangbingiitrnsngAmur
(sngHcLong)theochgiitrungtmtrnngluthngchnh.Nm1989lnmquytnhtrongquanhXTrung:vomaxunnmnyLinXrt
htlclngvtrangtpganixtavavMngCvnc,gimqunbingiiXTrung,thng51989GocbachpithmchnhthcTrungQuc,Linbang
[22]
CnghaxhichnghaXVitvCnghanhndnTrungHoatuynbquanhgiahaincvhaingcngsnbnhthnghahonton( ).

Trongbicnh,LinXvTrungQuctrlitholunvphnnhvbingiiXTrung.

CucmphnvbingiiXTrunglnthbadinratthng21987tiMtxcvacpthtrngngoigiao.Trong3vngmphncacucmphn
lnbanyLinXvTrungQuctcphnlnnidunghipnhnguyntcvonbingiiphang.onbingiiphaTyphctphn,hainc
nhttrnguyntchochnhvngthnhlpnhmchuyngiacngtctholuncth,thnhlpichpnhhnhpttrnkhngTheonguynB
trngBNgoigiaoTrungQucTinKThmthtintrincacucmphnthbagiplmhahontnhtrngiugaygtvngbingii,tr
thnhmtbphnthcyquanhsongphnggiaTrungQucviLinX.

SaukhibnhthnghaquanhgiaLinXvTrungQucnm1989,vnbingiiXTrungbcucgiiquyt:1651991NgavTrungQuc
kHipnhbingiiphanggiahainc,theoHipnhnybingiiphangNgaTrungdi4375kmcphnnhbngngtrungtuyncc
[23]
consngAmua,Ussuri,Tumanvkhong1500hat,oamantrnsngUssurichuynvTrungQuc( ).Tuynhin,cuinm1991,LinXtanrvvn

bingiiXTrungvnchacgiiquythonton.

2.MtsnhnxtvvnbingiiNgaTrungtrcvtrongChintranhLnh

Ttranhchp,giiquytvnbingiigiaNga(LinX)viTrungQuctrcvtrongChintranhLnhcthrtraccnhnxtsau:

Mtl,vnbingiiqucgialmtvnlinquantitngquanlclnggiaccnctrongquanhquct.Khiqucgiamnh,bingii,lnhthca
ncmrngvngclikhisuyyulnhth,bingiicamtncthngbthuhpli.TrungQucthiMnThanhdosuynhcbucphikcchip
cbtbnhngvicccngqucquc,mtnhiulich,trongctaivcckhuvcnhhng.Trongtranhchp,giiquytvnbingiigia
LinXvTrungQucthikChintranhLnh,mtlnnaCnghaNhndnTrungHoaliblpvvthuathitdoquclcyuhnLinbangCnghaX
hichnghaXVit(tnhbnhquntnm1953nnm1980:tngGDPcaLinXgp2,5lntngGDPcaTrungQuc,cth:trongthigianLinX
[24]
chim10%GDPthgii,tngGDPcaTrungQuctkhong4%)( ).

Hail,vnbingiigiaLinXvTrungQuclinquantrctipnlichqucgiacahainc.DtrongthikChintranhLnh,httnglnhnt
cckquantrngtphplclng,xydngcclinminh,songlichqucgiadntcvnlnhntgivaitrrtquantrngtrongquanhquct.Chnh
dotlichvbingiiqucgianiringcngnhlichqucgiadntcnichungcaohnhttng(chnghaMcLnin)vchnghaquctcagiai
cpcngnhnnnLinX,TrungQuckhngnhnnhngnhauvkhnggiiquytctranhchpvbingiichunggiahainc,xyraxungtv
chintranhbingii1969giahaincxhichnghalnnht.
8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

Bal,vnbingiigiaLinXvTrungQuclinquannquanhXTrung,HthngxhichnghathgiivPhongtrocngsnquct.VicLin
X,TrungQuckhnggiiquytcvnbingiichungvxydngbingiiXTrungthnhbingiihabnh,hunghgiahaincgpphnlm
chomuthunXTrungphttrintrmtrng,gaygtylmttrongnhngnguynnhnquantrngdntiskhnghong,spcaLinX,Hthngx
hichnghathgiivlmchoPhongtrocngsnquctsuyyu,tmlmvothoitro.

Tmli,VnbingiigiaNga(LinX)viTrungQuctntivchacgiiquythontonthiktrcvtrongChintranhLnh.Trongbicnh
quanhXTrungthngtrm,trongthigianChintranhLnh,LinbangCnghaXhichnghaXVitvCnghaNhndnTrungHoalithvi
chnhau,quanimvphnchiabingiigiahainckhcnhau,ttyuvnbingiiXTrungchacgiiquyttrit.Nghincuvnbingii
NgaTrungthiknylikinhnghimlchsl:giiquytvnbingiigiaccqucgiadntc,ccbncntntrngclp,chquyn,tonvn
lnhthcanhau,bnhng,utranhvhptcgiiquytmibtng,tranhchptheothnglvlutphpquct,thngquathnglngvmphn
habnh,khngsdngvlc,chintranh./.

([1])Vd:HngKngtrthnhthucacaAnh,MaCaolthucacaBoNha,iLoanlthucacaNhtBn

([2]),,,2003,.311.

([3])E.Snow,RedStaroverChina,NewYork,1937,p.102.

([4]),1995,2.

([5]),1974,1.

([6]),,,2001,.151152.

([7])..,:,,,2002,.11.

([8])NguynHuyQu,LchshiniTrungQuc,Nxb.Chnhtrqucgia,HNi,2004,tr.65.

([9])..,,,1975,.212.

([10])..,,,.,.,.155158.

([11])QutrnhbnhthnghaquanhTrungX,ThngTnxVitNam,Ccvnquct,sthng102007,tr.17.

([12])VinThngtinkhoahcxhi,Trttthgiisauchintranhlnhphntchvdbo(tp1),HNi,2001,tr.5.

([13])..,,,.,.,.99.
8/17/2017 VnbingiiNgaTrungthikChintranhLnhNghincuquct

([14])..,:,.,.,.16.

([15]),,,1979,.165.

([16])QutrnhbnhthnghaquanhTrungX,ThngTnxVitNam,Ccvnquct,sthng102007,tr.15.

([17]),.,.,.161.

([18])..,:,.,.,.2629.

([19])NhndnNhtbo(TrungQuc),31121979.

([20])TheoTrungQuc,batrngilntrongquanhTrungXl:LinXngqunkhuvcbingiiviTrungQucvMngC,quniXVitcmtti

pganixtanvLinXnghVitNamngqunCampuchia.

([21]),,,2001,.366367.

([22])19921999,,,2000,.251.

([23])..,XXI,,,2002,.35.

([24])SamuelHungtington,Svachmcaccnnvnminh,Nxb.Laong,HNi,2003,tr.99.

TILIUTHAMKHO

1.19921999,,,2000,328.

2.,,,2003,520.

3.,,,1979,374.

4.,,,2001,528.

5...,XXI,,,2002,197.

6.,,,2001,584.

7...,:,,,2002,192.
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9.QutrnhbnhthnghaquanhTrungX,ThngTnxVitNam,Ccvnquct,sthng102007,tr.126.

Ngun:TpchnghincungBc(s4,2008)