- **END UP/BE UP TO Gareth Rees:. - For example, about travel: "They are travelling across Europe by train and they'll end up in Paris. - From there, they fly back to the US.". - Or, another example, from life: "I studied medicine at university but I ended up working for an accountancy firm.". - Now, 'to be up to' has two meanings. - For example: "She's up to the job. - In fact, she'll probably deliver the report early.". - Here the woman is definitely able to do the job.. - She's 'up to' the job.. - The second meaning, and I think it is the more common one, is similar to 'to do something'. - If a father hears his children making a noise he might shout: "What are you up to?". - This meaning of 'to be up to' is often used when you are suspicious of something. - For example, a teacher sees three students go into an empty classroom. - The teacher might say: "Did you see those students go in that room? What are they up to? Let's go and have a look.". - Now, this phrase, 'to be up to' is also used to talk about someone's free time. - For example: "What are you up to this weekend?". - So, I think I've ended up at the end of the explanation, I hope it has helped. - By the way Yana, what are you up to tonight?. - course book for English Language learners is due to be published in 2007.. - Wojciech, thank you for your question. - To be or not to be for example.. - It is indeed unusual for a verb with a state meaning to be used in the continuous form. - This is because the continuous form suggests something is temporary and of limited duration, usually happening at a specific time, for example. - "At the. - moment, I am working on a computer.". - For example: "The sun is the source of energy.". - "What do you think of the weather in your country?". - In the first example, think has a state meaning - what is your opinion? In the. - Finally, a few more examples of the verbs which are rarely used in the continuous but could be. - I'm having dinner.". - In the first one, to have a brother, is a permanent state of existence. - In the second one have describes the action to eat dinner, to. - This is an action so we can say "I'm having dinner.". - This is a state of emotion and is normally used in the simple form, not in the continuous form. - He is currently a lecturer at London Metropolitan University and his first course book for English Language learners is due to be published in 2007.. - Without going into too much detail, I'm going to try and illustrate the key uses for you.. - Firstly, we use 'can' for something that is possible or to show that somebody has the ability to do something in the present and future. - For example:. - For example: The fire spread quickly, but luckily everybody was able to escape.. - We also use 'could' to talk about possible actions now and in the future - here the function is possibility (not ability. - For example, if you are expecting some friends to visit, but they have been delayed, you might say 'they could arrive at any time now', or if you're trying to make progress with your work you might ask 'Could we talk to the boss again? For this function of possibility, we need to watch out for the past form, as this doesn't work in exactly the same way. - As the sending happened in the past, we are speculating about a past possibility. - 'John could have sent it' but perhaps 'James could have written it'...we are not sure who, but think there are some possibilities.. - So, to recap, three of the main functions for 'can/could' are to talk about: ability, possibility (with the change in the past form to remember) and for requests.. - For example, if I say I'm thinking of a tropical beach, please don't interrupt me! I mean I'm imagining it or daydreaming about it. - However, a sentence like 'they're thinking about whether to agree to the sale,' means they're considering the sale. - But when we are talking about people, we often tend to use them both in a similar way: For example, if my friend had an accident and went to hospital, I might send a card and some flowers with a message which could either read: 'I'm thinking of you,' or 'I'm thinking about you', and the meaning wouldn't be significantly. - I hope that helps Cecile - thanks for your question.. - Hi Mohammed, thanks for your question.. - The main point to consider here is that 'does' and 'doesn't' are all present simple forms of the verb 'to do'. - One of the main uses of the present simple is to express a general truth, a fact, habit or routine when we're not only thinking about now but thinking in general. - In your example, you say He doesn't know - this suggests to me a simple fact or general truth about his situation, in the same way that if I say I don't own a cat or He doesn't like ice-cream this is simply a general fact or truth without any particular time attached to it.. - So one of the most common uses of 'would' or 'wouldn't' is to. - If we want to express this in the past, we have to use 'would' or 'wouldn't' with 'have' and the past participle - in this case 'wouldn't have known' or 'wouldn't have done.' For example:. - Will/going/going to Sian Harris answers:. - Based on your actual examples, 'I will go to the market at 4' and 'I'm going to the market at 4', I think it's actually worth looking at 3 possible verb forms for the future: Will, going to do, and finally, in the case of your example, I'm going.. - One of the most common is to express a prediction, that is a guess or a subjective opinion, about the future, when we've not made any definite. - If you saw the sun was shining outside, you might say 'It's a beautiful day, I think I'll, or I will, go for a swim later,' or 'maybe I'll phone my friends and organise a picnic'.. - Moving on now to a different structure: Going to + bare infinitive, which is. - something will happen: 'Ella's a really good student, I think she's going to be a brain surgeon when she gets older.'. - We also use this structure when we have a personal intention, or are making a resolution or decision to do something, as in, 'I'm going to stop eating so much chocolate this year'.. - In a context where you have not only decided to do something but also made all the arrangements, sometimes referred to as 'diary future', we're more likely to use a present verb tense, the present continuous ? am/is/are + ING form of the verb, as you have in your second sentence 'I'm going to the market at 4'. - We use this form for future events that are booked and already arranged, and which we consequently feel are definitely going to happen. - For example, I'm flying to France on Sunday, we're buying a house or I'm meeting my boss at 2.. - For example, we could say either "we have solved the problems in management". - As in the example, "The cabinet met to resolve the dispute.". - If you resolve to do something you make a firm decision to do it.. - "They resolved to take action.". - 'Resolve' also sometimes appears as a noun meaning a determination to do something. - "We must be firm in our resolve to oppose them.". - One of the principal meanings of 'behind' is as a preposition of place. - If you are behind a thing or a person you are facing the back of that thing or person. - For example: 'There were two boys sitting behind me.' In these terms it means the opposite of 'in front of.'. - But 'behind' also has adverb uses: if you stay behind, you remain in a place after others have gone. - For example: 'John stayed behind after school to take the test.' Equally, if you leave something behind, you do not take it with you when you go:. - So, for example, 'Now that the divorce is behind us, we can move on.'. - Also the people, reasons or events behind a situation are the causes of it or are responsible for it as in the sentence: '...the man behind the modernisation of the organisation.'. - Finally, if you are behind someone, you support them. - If something is 'beyond' a place, it is on the other side of it, as in the case of '...a house beyond the village.'. - For example: 'Few children remain in school beyond the age of 16.'. - If you say that something is beyond you, you mean that you cannot understand it.. - There are two things worth knowing about the use of the pronoun 'whom'. - We are also more limited with the use of 'whom' grammatically, as it only appears as an object pronoun - so relating to or defining the object of the sentence, rather than the subject. - For example, we might refer to the man to whom I spoke. - In this case the man is the object, and I the subject. - 'Whom' refers to 'the man', not me, and is preceded by the preposition 'to'
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