P DNG M HNH CDIO BC I CN THIT HNG TI O TO THEO NHU CU X HI TRONG QU TRNH HI NHP NCS. ThS.

. Trn Mai c Trng ai hoc Ngn hang Tp. H Chi Minh Hin nay, cc nc trn th gii, k c nhng nc ang pht trin u coi gio dc l nhn t hng u quyt nh s pht trin nhanh v bn vng ca mi quc gia. Do xc nh gio dc v o to l mt nhim v quan trng ca cch mng Vit Nam. Bt u t Ngh quyt ca i hi ln th IV ca ng (1979) ra quyt nh s 14-NQT v ci cch gio dc vi t tng: Xem gio dc l b phn quan trong ca cuc cch mng t tng; thc thi nhim v chm sc v gio dc th h tr t nh n lc trng thnh; thc hin tt nguyn l gio dc hc i i vi hnh, gio dc kt hp vi lao ng sn xut, nh trng gn lin vi x hi. T tng ch o trn c pht trin b sung, hon thin cho ph hp vi yu cu thc t qua cc k i hi VI, VII, VIII, IX, X ca ng cng sn Vit Nam. i hi X xc nh mc tiu gio dc l nhm bi dng th h tr tinh thn yu nc, lng t tn dn tc, l tng ch ngha x hi, lng nhn i, thc tn trng php lut, tinh thn hiu hc, ch tin th lp nghip, khng cam chu ngho nn, o to lp ngi lao ng c kin thc c bn, lm ch nng lc ngh nghip, quan tm hiu qu thit thc, nhy cm vi chnh tr, c ch vn ln v khoa hc cng ngh. Nhm p ng yu cu ca s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc v xu th i mi, hi nhp kinh t quc t, ng ta ch trng pht trin nn gio dc khoa hc, i chng, hng n xy dng mt x hi hc tp thc th: to iu kin ton x hi hc tp v hc tp sut i1. Nhn thc c vic o to theo nhu cu ca x hi l xu hng tt yu, nht l trong giai on m ca v hi nhp nh hin nay, do , vo ngy 9/9/2008, Th tng Chnh ph k Quyt nh s 1230/Q-TTg v vic thnh lp Ban Ch o quc gia v o to theo nhu cu x hi giai on 2008 - 2015. Ti quyt nh ny, Th tng nu r, Ban Ch o c nhim v gip Th tng Chnh ph t chc v ch o thc hin cng tc o to theo nhu cu x hi, p ng nhu cu nhn lc phc v s pht trin kinh t - x hi ca t nc trong thi k hi nhp quc t. Ban Ch o c nhim v tham mu cho Th tng xy dng cc chnh sch, c ch v iu phi cc hot ng o to nhn lc t cht lng v hiu qu, tp trung nh hng o to theo nhu cu ca cc
ng Cng sn Vit Nam: Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th X, Nxb. Chnh tr Quc gia, HN. 2006, trang 206 207.
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ngnh trng im, gm cng ngh thng tin, du lch, ng tu v ti chnh ngn hng. Trong giai on mi ca s nghip pht trin gio dc, vi bi cnh quc t cha nhiu thi c v thch thc, trc nhng yu cu mi ca s pht trin kinh t - x hi, cng vi qu trnh pht trin ca nn kinh t th trng v hi nhp quc t, vic chng ta chnh thc gia nhp T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO) vi cam kt m ca th trng gio dc i hc to p lc trc tip buc chng ta phi i mi t duy gio dc o to. Mt khi ngun nhn lc c khng nh l cha kha thng li trong cnh tranh kinh t th hu qu ca khng hong, tt hu trong gio dc o to m trc tip l o to i hc i vi pht trin kinh t l v cng nng n. Chnh v vy, ch trng hng ton b nn i hc, cao ng, trung hc chuyn nghip cho mc tiu p ng nhu cu ca x hi m trc ht l nhu cu ca doanh nghip, i tng c nhu cu ln nht v nhn lc qua o to, hay ni mt cch nm na l chuyn t "o to ci mnh c" sang "o to ci m x hi (c th y l ngn hang, cng ty, doanh nghip) cn" v vic vn dng cc nguyn tc ca ca th trng trong o to v s dng l cn thit. N khng nhng gii quyt nhanh chng vn ngun nhn lc ca hin ti m cn tr thnh mt ng lc to ln thc y nc ta pht trin nhanh v bn vng. CDIO c vit tt ca cm t ting Anh: Conceive - Design Implement - Operate (Ngha l: hnh thnh tng, thit k, trin khai v vn hnh). CDIO l mt xng xut pht t tng ca cc khi ngnh k thut thuc trng i hc K thut Massachusetts, M phi hp vi cc trng i hc Thy in. y l mt phng php lun gip gii quyt c hai vn then cht l: dy sinh vin iu g (Dy ci g ?) v lm th no sinh vin lnh hi c tri thc (Dy nh th no ?). Phng php ny xy dng mt h thng cc mc tiu gio dc gm 12 tiu chun2 cp n trit l chng trnh, pht trin chng trnh o to ph hp, chng trnh o to t cn bn n nng cao, khng gian hc tp, nh gi chng trnh hc, gio trnh tch hp hay phng php dy v hc ch ng So vi phng php ging dy hin nay l a ra chng trnh o to ri xc nh chun u ra khin cho cc doanh nghip kh tuyn dng
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12 tiu chun bao gm: 1: Bi cnh; 2: Chun u ra; 3: Chng trnh o to tch hp; 4: Gii thiu v k thut; 5: Cc tri nghim thit k - trin khai; 6: Khng gian lm vic k thut; 7: Cc tri nghim hc tp tch hp; 8: Hc tp ch ng; 9: Nng cao nng lc v k nng ca ging vin; 10: Nng cao nng lc ging dy ca ging vin; 11: nh gi hc tp; 12: Kim nh chng trnh. Xin xem thm trong: H Tn Nht, on Th Minh Trinh (bin dch), Ci cch v xy dng chng trnh o to k thut theo phng php tip cn CDIO, NXB HQG-HCM, 2009 (Bn dch ting Vit t nguyn bn: E.F. Crawley, J. Malmqvist, S. stlund, D. Brodeur, Rethinking Engineering Education: The CDIO Approach, Copyright 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All Rights Reserved)

nhn s, nht l ngun nhn lc cp cao hoc buc phi o to b sung sau khi tuyn dng, th CDIO gip cho vic o to v cung cp nhn lc t cht lng cao hn v su st vi yu cu thc t m nh tuyn dng i hi. M hnh CDIO da trn chun u ra ca mi ngnh ngh, mi trng thit k cc chng trnh o to ph hp v trn thc t th m hnh CDIO l o to theo nhu cu ca x hi, gp phn rt ngn khong cch gia nh trng v nh s dng ngun lc, thng qua iu tra kho st xy dng mc tiu v ni dung o to. Trong trng hp no , xt v bn cht chng ta c th khng nh rng chng trnh o to ny nhm trang b k nng cng v k nng mm cho ngi hc, ngoi ra, m hnh CDIO cn gip nhn nhn ton din hn v phng php ging dy v hc tp cng nh nh gi sinh vin hay nng lc ca ging vin. Trn th gii hin nay, chng trnh o to theo m hnh ny cng ang c m rng ti hn 40 trng i hc. C th ni rng, CDIO l mt gii php quan trong nhm nng cao cht lng o to p ng theo nhu cu ca x hi tai cc trng i hc nc ta hin nay trn c s xc nh chun u ra thit k ni dung chng trnh v k hoch o to. Quy trnh ny c xy dng mt cch khoa hc, hp l, logic v v phng php tng th mang tnh chung ha c th p dng xy dng quy trnh chun cho nhiu lnh vc o to khc nhau ngoi ngnh k s (vi nhng s iu chnh, b sung cn thit). Sinh vin trong chng trnh o to theo cch tip cn CDIO c pht trin v cn t c bn nng lc chnh (hay cn gi l chun u ra) khi tt nghip. Chng bao gm: Khi kin thc (l thuyt) v lp lun ngnh; Cc k nng v phm cht c nhn v ngh nghip; Cc k nng v phm cht x hi; Nng lc p dng kin thc vo thc tin (nng lc C-D-I-O) t trong bi cnh x hi v doanh nghip. Bn nng lc chnh ny c xy dng n cp rt chi tit nn rt c th v ring bit cho tng ngnh hay tng chng trnh o to. Mt chng trnh o to hng ti vic t c bn nng lc chnh ny s gip sinh vin c c cc k nng cng v mm cn thit khi ra trng v p ng c yu cu ca x hi cng nh bt nhp c vi nhng thay i ca mi trng xung quanh. Trong xu th pht trin nhanh ca gio dc i hc, yu cu ci tin nng cao cht lng o to theo xu hng hi nhp vi khu vc v th gii tr nn bc thit v khn cp i vi tt c cc trng i hc ca Vit Nam. Vi cn bnh trm kha trong nn gio dc i hc ca ta hin nay l s cch bit qu ln gia o to v s dng, gia cung v cu v nhn lc, hay ni cch khc l hiu qu gio dc o to cn cha bt kp nhp vi hi th, nhp p ca cuc sng. Nhng sn phm ra trng ca gio dc i hc cha theo kp yu cu ngy cng cao ca th trng lao ng, i ng c nhn, k s yu c v k nng thc hnh ngh nghip,
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ngoi ng, k nng giao tip... y l cn bnh c ni n t hng chc nm qua, t ngy ng v Nh nc bt u cp n ch trng x hi ha gio dc, th nhng cho n nay vn cha c khc phc, nu khng ni l c xu hng trm trng hn trc p lc ca i mi v hi nhp quc t nh hin nay. Thc hin mc tiu chung l xy dng cc chng trnh o to bt kp trnh gio dc i hc trong khu vc v tip cn xu th pht trin gio dc i hc tin tin trn th gii, c nng lc cnh tranh cao v thch ng hi nhp ton cu, nhm tao ra i ngu nhn s a trinh cao ng, ai hoc va trn ai hoc, co cht lng cao, hng ti o to theo nhu cu ca x hi, nht l trong qu trnh i mi v hi nhp ton cu nh hin nay th vic tp trung nghin cu p dng m hnh CDIO chun ha cng tc xy dng chng trnh o to, ci tin phng php dy v hc, ci thin mi trng hc tp nhm to s chuyn bin mnh m v cht lng o to, p ng c nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi l iu cn phi ngh n trong mt tng lai gn. Vic p dng m hnh CDIO vo gio dc i hc s gip sinh vin nm vng chuyn su nn tng, t d dng vn hnh sn phm, h thng mi, ngoi ra, nm c kin thc v lp lun k thut, k nng v t cht c nhn, t cht ngh nghip, k nng giao tip, k nng lm vic theo nhm, k nng giao tip hnh thnh tng, thit k, trin khai v vn hnh h thng trong bi cnh ngn hang, doanh nghip v x hi, bn cnh , chng trnh ny khng nhng gp phn gip sinh vin c pht trin ton din v tri thc, k nng m cn gip sinh vin hiu c tm quan trng, tc ng chin lc ca nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh i vi x hi, gp phn hnh thnh v to nn ngun nhn lc cht lng cao cho x hi, c xa hi tin tng va chp nhn. Chng ta bit rng, CDIO l mt chng trnh c tm nhn chin lc tch cc, vic o to theo cch tip cn CDIO gn vi nhu cu ca ngi tuyn dng, t gip thu hp khong cch gia o to ca nh trng v yu cu ca nh s dng ngun nhn lc. Ngoi vic s gip ngi hc pht trin ton din vi cc k nng cng v k nng mm nhanh chng thch ng vi mi trng lm vic lun thay i, y bin ng, nht la trong cac linh vc nh: tai chinh, ngn hang, chng khoan, k toan, kim toan, quan tri th chng trnh o to theo m hnh CDIO s gip cc chng trnh o to c xy dng v thit k theo mt quy trnh chun, cc cng on ca qu trnh o to s c tnh lin thng v gn kt cht ch v c th khng nh rng, vic tip cn CDIO l cch tip cn pht trin, ph hp xu th pht trin ca th gii, gn pht trin chng trnh vi chuyn ti v nh gi hiu qu gio dc i hc, gp phn nng cao cht
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lng gio dc i hc ln mt tm cao mi, c bit l trong giai on m vn nng cao cht lng o to nhm p ng yu cu ca x hi ang t ra rt nng, cp bach nh hin nay. Nh vy, vic p dng m hnh CDIO trong giai oan hin nay i vi gio dc i hc l mt trong nhng gii php quan trng nhm ci thin mi trng hc tp, gp phn to s chuyn bin mnh m v cht lng o to p ng yu cu, nhu cu ngy cng cao ca x hi v c nhng thnh cng bc u. Tuy nhin, vic vn dng mt m hnh mi bt k lnh vc no cng cn c thi gian, nht l vic ci thin mi trng hc tp nhm to s chuyn bin mnh m v cht lng v o to hin nay, v vy, chng ta khng nn v khng th t chy hoc rt ngn, co ngn giai on m phi c nhng bc i t t. c bit chng trnh ny c xy dng trng i hc nc ngoi m a vo p dng ti cc trng i hc nc ta th bi cnh p dng hon ton khc nhau, i hi phi c nhiu nhn t, mt tr ngi khc c t ra khi p dng chng trnh o to theo m hnh CDIO chnh l kinh ph. Ngun kinh ph u t cho mi trng, c s vt cht hc tp khi p dng chng trnh CDIO l kh cao, mt khc, i ng lc lng ging vin, nhn vin cc trng cn mng, cha mnh so vi yu cu o to ca chng trnh, xy dng h thng quy trnh x l chun v thng nht cng l mt tr ngi, thch thc ln cn phi vt qua. Bn cnh , vic xy dng chng trnh o to theo cch tip cn CDIO lin quan n rt nhiu yu t nh: ging dy, hc tp, cng tc o to, qun l sinh vin, c s vt cht, mi trng hc tp... v mi mt yu t ny li lin quan n nhiu phng ban v c nhn, t sinh vin, ging vin, chuyn vin, nhn vin, n cc cn b qun l. iu ny l rt kh khn, do , rt cn c s phi hp cht ch gia tt c cc c nhn, cc phng ban v b phn trong t chc b my trn c th phi hp nhp nhng, hi ha v vn hnh trn tru. Nh vy, vic p dng m hnh CDIO chun ha cng tc xy dng chng trnh o to, ci tin phng php dy v hc, ci thin mi trng hc tp nhm to s chuyn bin mnh m v cht lng o to tai cc trng i hc ti nc ta, gp phn nng cao hiu qu o to, gim dn khong cch gia o to v s dng lao ng, tng cng c hi cho sinh vin trong hc tp, thc hnh v lm vic, c bit la trong giai oan i mi va hi nhp nh hin./.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2006), Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc ln th X, Nxb. Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni. 2. TS. H Tn Nht, PGS.TS. on Th Minh Trinh (bin dch), Ci cch v xy dng chng trnh o to k thut theo phng php tip cn CDIO, NXB HQG-HCM, 2009 3. ThS. Trn Mai c, CDIO Gii php quan trng nhm nng cao cht lng o to p ng yu cu x hi, Hi tho khoa hc Xy dng chun u ra v chng trnh o to theo m hnh CDIO, i hc Quc gia Thnh ph H Ch Minh, thng 12, nm 2010. 4. ThS. Trn Mai c, y mnh pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao phc v cng nghip ha, hin i ha trong thi k qu ln ch ngha x hi, K yu Hi tho khoa hc Pht trin kinh t - x hi trong cng lnh i mi, Trng i hc Kinh T thnh ph H Ch Minh v Tp Ch Cng Sn t chc ngay 28, thng 10, nm 2010. 5. ThS. Trn Mai c, Mt vi suy ngh v nhn lc qun l gio dc i hc trong thi k hi nhp, K yu Hi tho khoa hc Gii php nng cao hiu qu qun l gio dc i hc Vit Nam, Ban lin lc cc trng i hc v cao ng Vit Nam, Tp Vung Tau, ngay 29 va 30, thang 10 nm 2010. 6. ThS. Trn Mai c, Cn i mi c ch qun l gio dc, Bo gio dc thnh ph H Ch Minh, S 910, th 2, ngy 06/12/2010. 7. ThS. Trn Mai c, Pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao, Bo Si Gn Gii Phng - u t Ti chnh, S 378/2010, th nm, ngy 16/12/210, tr.7. 8. ThS. Trn Mai c, Pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao phc v pht trin kinh t nng nghip, nng thn vng BSCL, K yu Hi tho khoa hc Trin khai ng b cc gii php thc y pht trin kinh t nng nghip, nng thn, Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam, B Cng Thng, B Nng Nghip v Pht Trin nng thn, Ban ch o Min ty Nam B, Thnh y - y ban Nhn dn Thnh ph Cn Th v Bo Si Gn Gii phng. 9. http://www.cdio.org