Nhip nh Vit Nam t cui th k 19 n u th k 20 (Phn 2 -1)

Bi bin kho ny tm hiu lch s nhip nh ti Vit Nam t khi k thut nhip nh ra i v ph thng vo gia th k 19 u chu... cho n cc thp nin u th k 20 khi cc nhip nh gia ngi Vit bt u xut hin.

Vi nt v cc nh nhip nh t cui th k 19 n u th k 20 Vit Nam v Saigon - Ch Ln (Phn 2 -1)

Nguyn c Hip
Quand je prends des photos, ce nest pas moi qui photographie, cest quelque chose en moi qui appuie sur le dclencheur sans que je dcide vraiment... Pierre Verger (1902-1996)

Phn ny phc ha v tiu s v tc phm nhip nh ca mt vi nh nhip nh tin phong Vit Nam v thnh ph Saigon-Ch Ln vo th k 19 v u th k 20 v qua ta s thy r lch s nhip nh Vit Nam trong giai on u.

mile Gsell (1838-1879)

mile Gsell l nh nhip nh chuyn nghip v thng mi u tin Saigon. ng c gi n Nam k v ngha v qun s, nhng sau ng c gii ng khi c thuyn trng (capitaine de frgate) Ernest Doudart de Lagre tuyn dng vo on thm him sng Mekong (Commission dexploration du Mkong) cng vi trung y (lieutenant de vaisseau) Francis Garnier, nm 1866 -1868. ng l ngi u tin chp nh n Angkor vi cc on thm him. Sau chuyn i ny, ng m vn phng nhip nh Saigon, Gsell Photographie, bn cc hnh nh n Angkor rt thnh cng. ng cn chp rt nhiu hnh nh v cnh quan, i sng Saigon v cc ni khc Nam K... Nm 1873 ng tr li Ang kor cng vi trung y Louis Delaporte (ngi cng i vi ng trong chuyn thm him trc ca Doudart de Lagre). ng cng chp hnh cnh qun Php (Francis Garnier) nh thnh H Ni vo nm 1873. Trong thi gian 11/1876-1/1877, ng theo chn trung y hi qun Kergadarec tr li sng Hng. Trong hai dp ny cng i vi ng l nh nhip nh chuyn nghip Jean Baptiste Pellissier. ng l ngi u tin chp chn dung ca mt ph n Vit Nam Bc k (Tonkin).

Hnh 10: Hnh v li cc chn dung theo cc nh chp ca Gsell, ng trong La conqute du delta du Tong-kin ca Romanet de Caillaud (10). Trong hnh l Jean Dupuis, quan nh Thanh v lnh Vn Nam i theo Jean Dupuis, ngi Vit thng lu v ngi dn thng Bc k (Tonkin).

ng c trin lm hnh hi ch th gii Vienne (o) v c huy chng trin lm. ng tm hiu, tp trung n chp hnh v i sng, tp tc ca ngi dn bn x. Phng studio chp hnh ca ng Saigon gn nh nhng ngi Vit giu c v h thng n c ng chp chn dung cho h (1).

Hnh 11: mile Gsell, nh chn dung mt ph n Bc K (Tonkin). nn quai thao rng thi by gi cc min t Bc n Nam nh nhau, bnh v i hi trc phng hnh.

Gsell mt khi vn cn tr, lc 41 tui, Saigon vo ngy 16 thng 10 nm 1879. Lc gn cu i i ng c chp nh cc cng trnh kin trc v cng chnh Saigon. cho thng c dn s Le Myre De Viliers. Sau khi ng mt, cc t liu nh ng li c ng O.Wegener dng, v sau l ng Vidal k tha. ng Vidal dng t liu ny trong mc ch t hng mi cho n khi ng mt vo nm 1883. Nhng hnh nh ca Gsell cng c ng trong mt bi vit ca Francis Garnier v Angkor ( Le Tour du Monde, 1870-1871), ca ng Romanet de Caillaud trong La conqute du delta du Tong-kin (Le Tour du Monde, 1877/2), v trong bi ca Brossard de Corbigny v Tm ngy trong on ngoi giao Hu (Huit jours dambassade Hu) ng trong Le Tour du Monde,1878/1, trong bi c ghi ch l Gsell c hong An Nam cho php chp nh. Cch y khng lu trong thng 12 nm 2007, b album nh gm khong 350 tm ca Gsell c a ra bn u gi bi Galerie Bassenge Berlin trong c vi nh c ch k ca Gsell ghi trong bng m, vi nh c ghi ch bng bt ch di nh v tt c cc nh chp Angkor u c ta hng ch in bn di trn khung nh (14). Trang u ca b album nh l hnh do Gsell chp ton b, kh ong 120 tm nh carte-de-visite (CDV), gia nh c tn studio phng nh ca ng Saigon, Gsell Photographie. y l ngun thng tin c th nhn ra c tc gi mt s nh ng Dng m trc y khng ai bit ngi chp. Trong b nh ny c cc h nh chp cng Saigon, tu bum u bn, dinh thng c Saigon, cc nh ta nh, dinh th ng Dng khi Php mi n v bt u xy dng thnh ph Saigon. Nhiu nh cc quan chc cao cp, gim mc, din vin kch, ht bi, lnh cng nh cc cha n , tng, cc khu nh c v cc lng mc ca ngi bn x.

Hnh 12: Cng Saigon v nh ca ng Vng Thi, ct c Th Ng, v rch Bn Ngh bn tri (hnh do Gsell chp nm 1866)

Hnh 13: M ngi An Nam Saigon (1866)

Hnh 14: Cng Saigon, bc hnh ny sau c khc v li trong sch La France illustre (1884) ca V. A. Malte-Brun(2) v bi ca bc s Albert Morice trong Tour du Monde, 1875.

Hnh 15: Emile Gsell 1866, chp Angkor trong chuyn i thm him sng Mekong ca Php do thuyn trng Doudart de Lagre lm trng on.

Hnh 16: Emile Gsell, 1870. Natives indochinois. Hnh trn giy albumen. Mt trong nhng bc hnh c xa nht v ngi dn tc. y c l l hnh ngi Sti eng hay M sng chung quanh Saigon hay Lm ng (Ty Nguyn).

Hnh 17: Hnh trn giy albumen, nh chup bi mile Gsell. T tri sang phi: Trung y Francis Garnier (1839 - 1873) (ph on thm him); trung y Louis Delaporte (1842 - 1925) (ha s)); Bc s. Clovis Thorel (1833 - 1911) v bc s Lucien Joubert (1832 - 1893) (c hai l bc s hi qun, coi v a cht, nhn chng hc v thc vt hc, ngi hai bn ca trng on thm him; i y thuyn trng Doudart de Lagre (1823 - 1868) (trong b qun trng); Louis de Carn (1844 - 1870) (ty vin, thuc B ngoi giao Php) (3).

Ngun: diendan.org

Ch thch
(2) (3)

V. A Malte-Brun l ngi u tin gi Vit Nam - LoCam Bt l Indochine (ng Dng).

Sau hn 2000km thm him sng MeKong, Doudart de Lagre cht v kit sc v bnh gan Vn Nam, ng Carn sau chuyn thm him cng cht v k it sc. Trn ng b i n Cn Minh, on thm him gn nh tnh c khm ph ra ngun ca sng Hng chy ra vnh Bc Vit. Thay v theo ng sng Mekong t cng Saigon (lc thuc Php) n Vn Nam, th ng t cng Hi Phng ln Vn Nam theo sng Hn g ngn v d dng hn ht. y chnh l c s Php nh chim Bc K. Lch s s khc i nu khng c s tnh c ny. T Cn Minh, on i ln pha bc tnh T Xuyn, thng ngun ca sng Dng T. V t y on xui dng ra b bin gn Thng Hi, ri t tr v Saigon theo ng bin. Sau chuyn i thm him ni ting ny, Garnier c Hi a l Hong gia Anh tng thng v so snh cuc thm him ca ng nh cuc thm him y gian trun ca Bc s Livingstone trn sng Congo Phi Chu (19).