Professional Documents
Culture Documents
T R N G I H C NGOI T H N G
TI K H O A H C V C N G
NGH CP B
H N i 2008
B Gio dc v o to
T R N G I H C NGOI T H N G
TI KHOA H C V C N G NGH CP B
Nghin cu chui gi tr ton cu (global value chain - GVC) v kh nng
tham gia ca cc doanh nghip ngnh in t ca Vit Nam
M s: B2007 - 08 -22
V t ti
- nt-
ThS V Th Hnh,
- nt-
- nt-
CN o Thu H,
- nt-
- nt-
H Ni 2008
MC LC
Trang
Chng
L i ni u
1.1.
1.1.1.
Chui gi tr
1.1.2
Chui gi tr ton cu
1.2.
23
1.2.1.
c im
24
.2.2.
12
26
gii
Chng 2
31
2.2.
31
Vit Nam
37
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3
Kim ngchXK
39
2.2.4.
Gi c:
41
2.2.5.
2.3.
37
38
41
43
43
2.3.2.
Kt qu kho st
48
2.3.3.
49
in t.
2.4.
2.4.1.
65
2.4.2
Chng 3
72
72
NhtBn
72
3.1.2.
Trung Quc
74
3.1.3.
3.2.
Thi Lan
nh gi kh nng tham gia ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
81
trong
84
GVC
3.2.1
Thnh cng
84
3.2.2
Tn ti
85
3.3.
86
C hi
86
3.3.2
Thch thc
89
3.4.
3.3.1
91
3.3.2.
91
95
103
DANH M C C C T VIT T T
STT
Ting A n h
Ting Vit
Vit tt
Board o f Investment
y ban u t
BI
FDI
Chui gi tr ton cu
GVC
0 cng
HDD
M u l t i n a t i o n a l corporations
MNCs
Original equipment
OEM
raanufacturing
nc ngoi
Original design
ODM
Original brand
OBM
manuacturing
ring
Transnational corporations
TNCs
10
M u l t i n a t i o n a l corporations
Cc tp on a quc gia
MNCs
] 1
Integrated Database
manufacturing
8
management
12
13
kinh te quc dn
Cng nghip in t
NESDPs
CNT
LI NI
S cn thit ca ti:
1.
Trn th gii, khi nim "chui gi tr ton cu" bt ngun t khi nim "Value
chain - chui gi tr" , do Michael Porter k h i xng vo thp k 90 ca th k
nhm
doanh nghip dt may Vit Nam". Nhng cho n nay cha c cng trnh nghin
cu no V i t N a m nghin cu v k h nng tham gia vo chui gi tr ton cu
ca cc doanh nghip ngnh in t V i t Nam.
3. Mc tiu nghin cu ca ti:
M c tiu nghin cu ca ti l nghin cu v chui gi tr ton cu, cc m
hnh chui gi tr ton cu trn th g i i , thc trng tham gia th trng quc t ca
ngnh in t V i t N a m hin nay v v thtrong chui gi tr ton cu ca cc
doanh nghip ngnh in t V i t N a m hin nay. Trn c s , n h m tc gi d
kin s gii quyt 3 vn :
1. Nghin cu chui gi tr ton cu v hng in t nh khi nim, qu trnh
hnh thnh v pht trin, tc dng ca vic tham gia vo chui gi tr ton cu, v
kinh nghim ca m t s quc gia trn th g i i k h i gia nhp chui gi tr ton cu
ngnh in t.
2. Nghin cu thc trng kinh doanh XK ca cc doanh nghip ngnh in t
Vit Nam
CHNG
N H N G V N L L U N c B N V C H U I GI TR
T O N C U V H N G IN T
Khi nim
xem
trong chui gi tr gia tng, Thch thc trong vic thit lp mt chin lc lin
kt no v nhng nhn t no l li th ca doanh nghip, t quyt nh chui
gi tr nn phn chia nh th no?". V trong mt nghin cu sau ng ng
dng khi n i m chui gi tr gia tng thit lp chin lc k i n h doanh quc t
ch y u da trn s tc ng ln nhau gia l i th so snh ca quc gia v l i th
cnh tranh ca doanh nghip.
Ngy nay cng v i tro lu ton cu ha nn k i n h t th g i i th doanh
nghip no c th thng lnh ton b chui gi tr? M i doanh nghip cn da vo
th mnh ca mnh tham gia vo chui gi tr bng cch chuyn m n ha tng
giai on. M.Porter, nh nghin cu ngi M a ra phng php tip cn
chui gi tr ca da trn quan im v l i th cnh tranh m cc hot ng
logistics c vai tr c bit quan trng. L thuyt ny gip phn bit m t cch r
rng cc giai on khc nhau ca qu trnh cung cp hng hoa ca doanh nghip:
nh logistics n i b, ch bin, logistics bn ngoi, marketing v dch v hu mi.
Nguyn l i u u vo tri qua qu trnh ch bin theo qui trnh sn xut ca doanh
nghip s cho ra i nhng sn phm v cung cp n ngi tiu dng.
Cc nh k i n h te chnh tr hc Php li c quan im hi khc v chui gi
tr. ' T i l i e r e " ngha gc theo ting Php l "dng, mch": thut n g ny c cc
nh kinh t chnh tr hc Php dng miu t dng vn chuyn ca cc u vo
vt cht v dch v sn xut ra sn phm hay dch v cui cng, xt v bn
cht cng khng khc so v i cc m hnh nhc n trn. Cc hc gi Php
phn tch qu trnh gia tng gi tr sn phm trong ngnh cng nghip M nhm
phn tch qu trnh h i nhp theo chiu dc v sn xut hp ng trong ngnh
nng nghip Php nhng nm 60 ca th k XX. N h n g phn tch ban u
nhn mnh tc ng ln nn kinh t n i a ca quan h u vo-u ra gia cc
doanh nghip v tp trung phn tch vo hiu qu thu c t l i th kinh t n h
8
Sn xut
- Logistics ni b
Marketing
- C h bin
- C u n g cp t liu
Tiu th/ Ti
ch
sn xut
- n e gi bao b
Sn xut
Thit k
T i u th v
Marketing
Logstics ni b
ti ch
C h bin
C u n g cp N V L
ng gi bao b
t nhn thc, quan nim ti tay ngi tiu dng cui cng v xa hn.
10
Hnh 1.3. C h u i gi tr k t h p
Ngnh lm
nghip
Ngnh m
X n g ca
Ngnh
giy
Xy dng
Cc c ng
N i tht
trong nc
K h u vc t
Cc c ng
doanh
nc ngoi
1.1.1.2.
Cc yu t cu thnh chui gi tr
Khi nim
Theo x u hng hin nay th cc cng ty thng tham gia vo tin trnh ton
cu ha thng qua hai chui gi tr ton cu. M t l chui gi tr do ngi sn
xut chi p h i v hai l chui gi tr do ngi mua chi phi.
B n g 1.1. c trng ca chui gi tr do ngi mua v ngi sx chi phi
Cc ngnh in hnh
Ch s hu
Lin kt mng li sn
xut ch yu
Cu trc sn xut c th
Chui gi tr do ngi
sn xut chi phi
Chui gi tr do ngi
mua chi phi
Vn cng nghip
Nghin cu & Pht trin;
Sn xut
Qui m ca cc nn
kinh t
Hng hoa trung gian, hng
hoa ti chnh; Hng tiu
dng lu bn
0 t, my tnh, my bay
Vn thng mi
Thit k; Marketing
Phm vi hot ng ca
cc nn kinh t
Hng tiu dng, mau
hng
May mc, da giy,
chi
Cc cng ty ni a
cc nc ang pht trin
Da vo thng mi
Chiu ngang
Ngun: Gereffi, 1999
thit kthi trang v tm k i m th trng tiu th m khng trc tip tham gia vo
hot ng sn xut. V vy h thng c g i l nhng nh sn xut m khng
c nh my.
L i nhun t h u c t nhng ngnh sn xut ny l do vic kt hp gia
cc khu gia tng gi tr nh nghin cu pht trin, thit k, bn hng, marketing
v cc dch v ti chnh. Cc nh bn l, hng sn xut gin tip ng vai tr nh
nhng nh mi gii chi n lc gip kt ni nh sn xut, thng mi nc ngoi
vi th trng tiu dng cui cng. L i nhun l mc tiu l n nht trong chui gi
tr ton cu v chng to nn nhng ro cn v hnh cho nhng cng ty no m i
tham gia th trng.
. 1.2.3. Hnh thc tham gia chui gi tr ton cu
Trong h thng sn xut hng ha quc t ni chung v h thng sn xut
hng in t ni ring, cc doanh nghip sn xut hng in t c th tham gia
vo chui bng cc phng thc khc nhau ph hp v i nng lc sn xut hoc
chin lc tip cn chui ca doanh nghip l:
-
OEM
( O r i g i n a l e q u i p m e n t manuacturing)- Sn x u t bng t h i t b ca
ODM
hnh thc cng t y nhn sn xut nhng sn phm phn p h i theo thng h i u
15
ca cng ty khc. Cng ty cung cp thng hiu khng bt buc phi tham gia
vo qu trnh sn xut . D o cng ty O D M
2
ODM,
cho t i k h i
ngi mua chn mua ton b quyn s dng nhng thit k ny. Cho t i k h i
ngi mua nm ton quyn s dng th nh sn xut O D M
khng t sn xut cc
OBM
mc
cao nht.
1.1.2.3.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_Design_Manufacturer
16
khng phi thu nhiu lao ng v bn thn doanh nghip s phi thc hin tt
c cc khu sn xut cn thit hon thin sn phm. N h n g m t k h i th trng
c m rng th nh sn xut s c c hi gia tng l i nhun v mc sn lng
ln i h i h phi thu nhn cng c bit l nhng ngi t h c tay ngh cao
chuyn m n hoa vo cng on sn xut. S chuyn m n hoa s gip cho doanh
nghip gia tng gi tr m t cch c hiu qu hn k h i tham gia vo chui b i v
ngi lao ng s khng phi mt thi gian cho qu nhiu thao tc cng vic m
h ch phi tp trung vo nhng cng on sn xut nht nh ph hp v i chuyn
m n ca h. L thuyt ny cng chnh l nn tng cho s pht trin ngnh c kh
hoa b i v phng thc sn xut t ng i hi rt cao cch thc sn xut
chuyn nghip. Vic s dng thnh cng h t ng hoa trong sn xut tng kh
nng iu phi m y m c thng qua E D I (Electronic Data Interchange -trao i d
liu in t ) gip rt ngn thi gian hon thin sn phm v tng kh nng lin
kt gia cc khu nh pht trin sn phm, thit k, sn xut v marketing.
V i c chuyn m n hoa trong sn xut nhm mc ch t c tnh hiu qu
gia cc x nghip hoc nh m y dn n vic lin kt cc cng t y trong sut
nhng nm 80. H qu l cc cng t y s ch tp trung khai thc l i th t ngun
lc duy nht ca mnh, cung cp cc dch v gi tr cho khch hng v tn dng
kh nng ca cc cng ty khc trong chui gi tr.
V i c doanh nghip ca mt quc gia no tr thnh m t mt xch trong
chui gi tr ton cu v m nhn nhng khu nht nh cng ng ngha v i
vic doanh nghip phi i mt v i s cnh tranh trong ton b h thng. Vic
la chn cc y u t u vo - hng hoa v dch v - trong chui sn xut cho
php doanh nghip c th nh gi c vai tr v kh nng to gi tr ca mnh
trong ton chui. V k h i doanh nghip khng the to ra c nhiu hoc hu ht
gi tr trong hot ng sn xut th n lc nng cp chui thng khng my pht
huy tc dng.
/
17
V, ?
|N".~'
D0fcz^j
- T n g h i u q u sn x u t cho d o a n h nghip
Vic nh gi hot ng kinh doanh v thng mi ca doanh nghip theo
tng cng on (phng php chui gi tr) s gip hiu c nhng thun l i v
kh khn ca m t doanh nghip hoc quc gia trong vic chuyn m n hoa sn
xut hng hoa hn l cung cp dch v. M i lin h g i a cc cng t y v nhng
khch hng cui cng s c nh hng nht nh n k h nng t c nhng
li ch nht nh k h i tham gia th trng ton cu.
C th ni rng thc o hot ng sn xut v k i n h doanh ca doanh
nghip l l i nhun v nu theo quan im ca chui gi tr th hiu qu k i n h
doanh ca doanh nghip c o bng lng gi tr gia tng nhng khu nht
nh. Giai on sau chin tranh c bit l hai thp k cui ca th k 20, c rt
nhiu doanh nghip tng hiu qu sn xut ca m i n h bng cch m rng hot
ng tm k i m ngun nguyn liu sn xut v gim chi ph sn xut qui m ton
cu. m t s quc g i a nh Mehico, Brazil, Hongkong, Malaysia, Singapore v
Thi Lan, hot ng sn xut ngy cng pht trin do s m rng phm v i hot
ng v bnh trng th trng ca cc M N C s hay TNCs. H n na, cc M N C s
hay T N C s li n m g i m t lng ln cng ngh v thit k ca th gii, h c th
thu c l i nhun da trn vic k kt cc hp ng m u a bn giy php cho cc
cng t y con hoc chi nhnh nc ngoi.Nh nhng l i th y, cc M N C s v
T N C s c th p n g cc i h i ca th trng v tiu chun cht lng, chi ph
v kh nng cung cp hng hoa ln. Chnh v nhng lun im trn m cc MNCs,
TNCs c kh nng chi phi nhng khu quan trng trong chui gi tr ton cu,
tr thnh nhng tc nhn quan trng chi phi v thc y hiu qu sn xut cho
ton chui.
Vic chuyn m n hoa sn xut theo tng cng on ca chui gi tr s
gip iu chnh tt hn ton b chu k sn xut v c s lin kt v i th trng
tiu dng cui cng t lm cho qui trnh sn xut mt sn phm no s
18
M.
19
1.1.2.4.
23
Cc thit b in t
nghip
Thit b ph tr
- in tr
Thit b chinh
Cht bn dn
- T in
- Cng tc in
- Dy v cp
B nh
B vi
trong
x l
- Thit b k i m tra, o c
- Thit b vn phng
- Thit b qun s v v t i n h
H n g in t g i a d n g
- Ti vi
- Dy dn
- Radio
- M y catset
- M y g h i bng
-DVDs
- Thit b H i - f i
- M y tnh c nhn
25
1.2.2. S GVC
N h cung cp
N h cung cp cht bn dn
N h phn phi
Lp t h thng
Tch hp
Fabless
Foundary
Chipless
Hng thit
Nh phn
k chip
phi
Hng bn
/
'V
Ngi
tiu dng
in
.&D
Manufacturing
Design, marketing
30
CHNG 2
T H C T R N G T H A M GIA CHUI GI TR T O N C U C A C C
DOANH NGHIP N G N H IN T VIT N A M
Xut khu hng in t v linh kin my tnh: Nhiu c hi tng trng kim ngch
httD://www.kinhte24h.com/index.php?page=news&id=27409
'
Thy
Hin,
Cng
nghip
in
t
Vit
Nam
trc
thch
thc
hi
http://www.tcvn.gov.vn/web_pub_pri/magazine/index.php?p=show_page&cid=&parent=83&sid=96&iid=1810
31
nhp
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
33
XNK
kim Hn Quc
Nht Bn
Thi Lan
Hng
Trung Quc
Singapore
Kng
ngch
6.118.426
672.265.417
2004
57.133.128
2005
61.810.345
2006
84.160.559
2007
337.161
98.850.183
69.746.251
3.577.916
22.493.338
2003
kim
Malasa
Nht Bn
i Loan
Hng R n g
Trung Quc
Singapore
ngch
1.349.306.200
116.312.727
428.054.278
57.777.018
78.382.577
103.888.000
280.033.690
2.660.723.183
123.065.911
484.868.193
76.456.953
126.349.323
155.385.900
431.265.748
2.047.919.612
98.863.494
502.565.665
111.950.970
167.254.897
n/a
559.885.743
2.958.428.179
164.228.657
592.492.630
128.323.218
233.126.671
517.729.318
800.625.871
2.660.723.183
183.533.912
642.715.492
99.532.402
249.255.264
475.370.740
594.581.176
Qua hai bng s liu thng k vtng kim ngch XNK hng in t Vit Nam v
kim ngch X N K hng in t Vit Nam sang 5 th trng chnh t 2003 n nay,
ta c th thy r my im sau:
C n g n g h i p d i n t V i t N a m t t h u 10-20 n m httD://www.vnmedia.vn/print.asp?newsd=55158
35
10
Mt s vn l'n v hin trng v trin vng o to ngun nhn lc cho cng nghip in t v cn" ngh (hn" tin
htto://comnuteriobs.vn/huong-nchieD/mot-so-van-de-lon-ve-hien-trang-va-trien-VQtig-dao-tao-ngLion-nhan-luc-cho-congnghiep-dien-tu-va-cona htm
36
Nam:
Linh kin in t
K i m ngch
T trng (%)
K i m ngch
T trng ( % )
2000
163.782
20.77
624.812
79.23
2001
212.829
30
496.671
70
2002
212.795
35.15
392.605
64.85
2003
274.183
32.08
580.517
67.92
2004
394.053
36.4
688.347
63.6
37
13
http:/Avww.sg<>p.org.vn/thitruong/2007/7/112573/
38
triu USD tng 72,1% so vi cng k nm 2007, tip n Phn Lan, Slovakia, Ba
Lan, Anh...Sau khi b suy gim kh mnh trong nm 2007, kim ngch xut khu
sang th trng n v Indonesia trong nm thng u nm 2008 tng mnh tr
li vi mc 293,58% v 66,21% tng ng so vi cng k nm trc. y c
coi l mt thnh cng trong cng tc pht trin th trng ca ngnh in t Vit
Nam.
2.2.3. Kim ngch XE:
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1427.4
1500
854.7
1000
i
500
2000
2001
2002
2003 _ 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Tuy
hp://vielnamne[ vn/cnldoanlinghieD/2004/11/346404/
40
2.2.4.G c:
Mt iu bt cp r rng cho mt hng in t Vit nam khi thm nhp th
trng th gii l chi ph sn xut cc sn phm in t ca Vit Nam cao hn so
vi mc trung bnh ca cc nc trong khu vc. Nu nm 2001, hng in t ca
cc hng Nht Bn c gi tr gp i ca Vit nam, th n khong nm 2005,
mc chnh lch ny ch cn gp ri. N m 2001, cc sn phm ca Hn Quc c
gi gp ri ca ta th n nm 2005 gi hng ca h ch cn bng hoc thp hn
cc sn phm ca ta, trong khi cht lng ca h cao hn nhiu do ch ng c
cc cng ngh sn xut. Chnh v vy, ngay c cc tp on ln khi u t
1
1 8
Thy
Hin,
Cng
nghip
in
Vit
Nam
trc
thch
thc
hi
http://www.tcvn.gov.vn/web_pub_pri/magazine/index.php?p=show_page&cid=&parent=83&sid=96&iid=1810
41
nhp,
(VEIC)
19
T r o n g k h i cc doanh
TCL..
20
Ngnh cng nghip in t xut khu Tng [rng cao, li nhun thp
t]ttD://www.kinhte24h.com/index.Dhn?page=news&id=24380
N g n h cng n g h i p in t x u t k h u T n g trng cao, l i n h u n t h p hltD://www.sgtjp.org.vn/kinhte/2007/12/] 37505/
19
2 0
42
21
2.3. T h c t r n g v tr c a D N V N t r o n g G V C v m c ci t h i n nng l c ,
kt q u k i n h d o a n h ca d o a n h nghip V i t N a m k h i t h a m gia G V C
N i dung phn ny da trn nhng kt qu nghin cu thu c t vic g i
bn cu h i iu tra ca n h m tc gi trong khong thi gian t thng 9 n thng
12 n m 2007 v i cc doanh nghip in t V i t Nam.
2.3.1. Phng php nghin cu
2.3.1.1. H thng cc chi tiu phn tch nh lng
43
nh tng kt v
(ODM-
original
design
l g chng ta cn o lng
v c
44
T h i t k k i u cu hi k h o st
Ch tiu kho st
Nng lc nh gi hng
45
Ch tiu kho st
chn
Chng loi
Cu hi c nhiu phng n la
sn phm ca doanh
chn
chng ti l m
t cng ty phn phi
nc ngoi
8
chnh cng ty
ca chnh cng ty ti
10
li
46
Doanh thu
Li nhun
T sut li nhun
Tc tng trng
Th phn
ST
T h i gian
9/ 2007
10/2007
Hot ng
Gi th ti 321 doanh nghip
Lin lc vi cc cng ty
ngh tr li bng hi
S bn thu c
25
50
75
Tng s
47
2.3.2. Kt qu kho st
lch chun
Quy m
10
1750
248.800
279.79
Tui
33
11.01
7.92
Vn s h u
T nhn (mt hoc nhiu ngi gp vn)
Nh nc
D N c vn F D I (LD, 1 0 0 % vn FDI)
Tng cng
T l phn trm
54
75
4.17
15
20.83
72
100
S doanh nghip
35
46.7
Nh bn l
26
34.7
Nh sn xut
25
33.3
Tng cng
&6
114.7
S doanh nghip
T l phn trm
Linh kin
23
30.6
Bn thnh phm
16
21.3
Thnh phm
48
64.0
Tng cng
87"
115.9
23
50
S doanh nghip
T l phn trm
37.3
k thut s
35
46.7
Khc
39
Tng cng
102 "
52.0
2
136.0
51
S doanh nghip
T l phn trm
ASEAN
29
38.6
EU
17
22.7
Bc M
12
16.0
31
41.3
Cc nc khc
17
22.7
Tng cng
106"
141.3
nghip xut khu hng bng thng hiu ca doanh nghip phn ln li l doanh
nghip c v n u t nc ngoi. iu ny cho thy nng lc thit k cng nh
marketing sn phm in t cc doanh nghip n i a cha cao.
Bng 2.14: Phn b chc nng sn xut ca doanh nghip Vit nam trong GVC
Chc nng sn xut
S doanh nghip
T trng
42
23
13
34
k ca mnh
OBM-
16
ca mnh
Tng cng
100
C o n s ny ln hn s lng 75 doanh nghip trong mu iu tra vi m i doanh nghip c th kinh doanh nhiu th trng
ch k h n g chi mt th trng.
25
52
ODM,
ODM,
hiu ca chnh doanh nghip l cao nht, mc sn xut gia cng cho cng t y
nc ngoi l thp nht.
ODM
53
GVC
Min
N i dung
V7
Chng
ti
ca chnh cng ty
Chng
ti
00
ca
lch chun
4.00
1.7313
1.65678
4.00
2.0441
1.69665
4.00
1.3286
1.67437
4.00
1.8143
1.57234
sn
Gi tr T B
sn
V8
Max
chinh
00
cng ty ti
V9
Chng
ti gia
cng SP theo n
t hng ca cty 00
nc ngoi
V10
Chng
ti gia
cng SP theo n
t hng ca cty 00
V i t nam khc
Khi phn tch mc thc hin chc nng sn xut theo tng nhm vn
ch s hu, ta thy c s khc bit ln v mc thc hin chc nng sn xut.
Mc thc hin chc nng OBM cao nht nhm doanh nghip FDI (Mean=
3.71), tip l nhm SOE (Mean= 3.00) v thp nht l nhm doanh nghip t
nhn (Mean =1.52). Mc thc hin chc nng ODM
54
Vn ch s hu
DNTN
Gi
tr
t r u n g bnh
lch
chun
DNNN
Gi
1.34
1.5200
1.0392
1.9
1.56
1.60
1.54
1.60
3.00
2.67
1.68
1.73
2.31
2.08
3.36
3.71
2.07
1.43
1.01
.61
1.83
1.45
1.74
2.05
1.33
1.82
1.67
.71
1.69
1.58
50
FDI
Gi
tr
t r u n g bnh
lch
chun
Total
Gi
tr
trung bnh
chun
lch
71
M c tham g i a vo G V C
cty
Vitnam
OBM
lch chun
nc ngoi
cho
ODM
tr
t r u n g bnh
M c d o g i a o ch voi ngui
b a n nuoc n g o a i
3/1
- Series1j
M c d o g i a o ch voi nha
- \ M c d o g i a o ch v o i ngui
m u a la nha sx n u o c n g o a i
56
s N i dung
Min
Max
kho st
12
Gi
tr
DNVN
lch
TB
chun
2.2535
1.59211
1.3478
1.38081
.8955
1.19512
Nh cung cp ln nht
ca cng ty chng ti l
cng ty sn xut nc 00
.00
ngoi
14
00
.00
00
.00
thng l nh sn xut cc sn phm gia cng xut khu, nhng cng sn xut
hng xut khu bng thit k ca doanh nghip. K t qu kho st cng cho thy
c c doanh nghip sn xut hng xut khu bng thng hiu ca chnh doanh
nghip. N h vy c th kt lun rng doanh nghip in t V i t N a m khng ch
thc hin c ba chc nng O E M
m cn c O D M
v OBM. K t qu kho st v tr
Th trn.
th gii
N h sx linh
kin, bn tp
Vit Nam
Nh sx thnh phm Y N
Nh sx thnh phm
(OEM, ODM,
nc ngoi
OBM)
Nh phn phi
nc nga
ng xut khu, hoc hp ng lin doanh sn xut hoc chuyn giao cng ngh.
M u kho st cho thy sau k h i tham gia giao dch v i i tc nc ngoi, nng
lc ca doanh nghip c ci thin. Nng lc xc tin bn hng c ci
thin nhiu nht, tip n l cht lng sn phm. Nng lc nh gi sn phm v
pht trin sn phm c c ci thin nhng khng nhiu. c bit l nng lc
phn phi th trng xut khu tin trin t nht.
Min
lch chun
Max
Gi tr t r u n g bnh
4.00
2.1970
1.20537
4.00
2.6866
1.13096
4.00
2.4706
1.15216
4.00
2.6618
1.27678
4.00
2.8529
1.23705
4.00
2.2836
1.08441
4.00
1.7538
1.36966
59
Pht trin s n p h m
3"*ht li v r v n n c n n h m
l a i l u u i ly o a i 1 p i l o l l l
n;
. / JJh
nh gi s n p h m V Y \
\Z-
\ W/
Xc tin s a u bn hng
f^-L
\ /
\ \
1 Seriesl j
Tm k i m th trng
60
Xc
Pht
Vn ch s hu
DNTN
Gi tr
TB
lch
chun
DNNN
Cht
Tim
tin
Xc
Phn
phi
trin
lng
kim
trc
tin sau nh
SP
SP
TT
XK
XK
gi
XK
2.17
2.45
2.78
3.10
2.40
1.76
2.73
1.13
1.04
1.10
1.05
1.37
1.03
2.00
3.00
3.33
2.33
1.68
1.33
3.00
1.00
.58
.58
1.15
2.27
2.33
2.13
2.13
2.00
1.73
2.53
1.58
1.54
1.77
1.64
1.51
1.53
1.51
2.18
2.46
2.66
2.85
2.27
1.73
2.70
1.21
1.16
1.29
1.25
1.10
1.37
1.14
92
Gi tr
trung
bnh
lch
chun
FDI
00
58
1.00
Gi tr
trung
bnh
lch
chun
Total
Gi tr
trung
bnh
lch
chun
61
ax
00
.00
00
.00
00
.00
00
.00
00
.00
Gi tr t r u n g bnh
Doanh s
Li nhun
T sut li nhun
Tc lng trng
Th phn
62
lch chun
2.4308
1.33427
2.2769
1.23120
2.1250
1.13389
2.3175
1.29298
2.3906
1.21652
Doanh s
, N
\
/
Th phn
Li nhun
/2
\\
\/
Tc tng trng
Series 1
T sut li nhun
DNNN
63
Vn ch s hu
DNTN
Gi tr
TB
lch
chun
DNNN
Gi tr
TB
Gi tr
TB
lch
chun
Total
Gi tr
TB
Li
thu
(LN)
lch
chun
nhun T
sut Tc
tng Th
phn
trng
LN
2.48
2.31
2.19
2.43
2.49
1.29
1.13
1.07
1.26
1.20
2.67
3.00
3.00
2.500
2.000
lch
chun
FDI
Doanh
1.00
58
2.08
1.61
2.00
1.63
.00
.70
00
1.77
1.77
2.00
1.42
1.36
1.35
2.41
2.28
2.13
2.29
2.37
1.33
1.24
1.14
1.29
1.21
64
ca cc
l m t trong
65
khi
Chnh v vy
Diu Thy, "Sony s sn xut sn phm ng dng CNTT ngay ti Vit Nam",
www,vnn.vn ngy 10/07/2003
66
27
V v y n m 2004, Sony yu
Tuy nhin, ngy 24/7/2008 i din Cng ty Sony V i t nam chnh thc a
ra tuyn b t thng 9/2008, nh m y sn xut ca Sony s ng ca sau 14 n m
hot ng ti V i t Nam, k m theo 200 cng nhn s ngh v i c . Theo thng
29
WTO,
http://vietnamnet.vn/kinhte/thitruong/2003/4/7573/
http://www.sony.com.vn/article/227989/section/sonycompanyoutline
Sony s ng ca nh my sn xut ti Vit Nam, www.vnn.vn ngy 25/07/2008
E l e c t r o n i c s lndusti-y d r e a m dashed?16:57' 28/07/2008
67
Sau 7 nm
68
32
.
C c m t s v n nht nh, Hanel chuyn t lnh vc sn xut cng
http://muasam247.vn/Desktop.aspx/Tin-DN/Hoatdong_doanhnghiep/Cty_lien_doanh_SumiHanel-Mo_hinh_hop_tac_hieu_qua/
32
33
http://www.vtc.vn/congnghe/tnhoc/176701/ndex.htm
69
Tri Hiu, Hanel tr thnh E M ca Intel ti Vit Nam, www.vnn.vn ngy 3/27/2008
70
cp nht 18/08/2008
71
CHNG 3
M T S GII P H P N H M N N G CAO K H N N G T H A M GIA C A
C C D O A N H N G H I P I N T V I T N A M T R O N G C H U I G I TR
TON CU
3.1.Bi hc k i n h n g h i m c a m t s quc gia k h i t h a m g i a c h u i gi tr hng
in t t h gii
3.1.1.Nht Bn
Ngnh cng nghip in t Nht Bn l m t trong nhng ngnh ln nht v
tin tin nht th gii, pht trin v cng nhanh chng t sau chin tranh th gii
th li. Hot ng da vo vic lp rp sn phm, ngnh in t Nht Bn sm
phc hi hn cc ngnh khc. n g u l 3 hng in t l n l Hitachi, Toshiba,
Mitsubishi Electric) v 4 hng sn xut in dn dng l Matsushita Electric,
Sanyo Electric, Sony, Sharp. C th ni rng cho n by gi, Nht Bn rt
thnh cng trong chui gi tr hng in t th gii v V i t N a m c th tip cn
bi hc thnh cng nh th no
73
74
Quc, TS. Chris Bannister, Gim c iu hnh P4, nhn xt: "Ti thc s ngc
nhin trc phng php tip cn ca trnh iu luyn ca cc chuyn gia
Trung Quc vi in thoi th h 3G, trc ht l kh nng truyn ti cc nhanh
36 AsiaTime, 3/2006 http://vst.vista.gov.vn/home/database/an_pham_dien_tu/MagazineName.2004-0422.2018/2 006/2006_00034/MItem.2006-08-16.2913/MArticle.2006-08-l 6.4205/marticle_view
75
thng tin. Nhng gii php, m Tp on Huamei gii thiu khng h thua km
cht lng bt c nh cung cp thit b vin thng hng u no, trong khi gi c
li mm hn"-.
M t s t hp cng ngh Trung Quc nh Galactic C o m p u t i n g ( Thin
Tn) thng bo rng, trc n m 2010, h s ch to thnh cng siu m y tnh v i
cng sut l n hn m t ngn t php tnh/giy. Chnh p h T r u n g Quc khng
tic tin u t cho cc nh khoa hc thuc V i n H n L m K h o a hc T r u n g Quc
v Tp on Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (Thng Hi)nhng ngi ang thc hin Chng trnh nghin cu ch to siu chip-sn phm
s lt a v c tn ca Intel v A M D
http://vst.vista.gov.vn/home/database/an_pham_dien_tu/MagazineName.2004-04-
22.20I8/2006/2006_00034/MItem.2006-08-I6.29I3/MArticle.2006-08-16.4205/marticle_view
76
- Gn kt s hp tc ca cc doanh nghip ni a.
L m vic di s qun l ca chnh quyn a phng, cc cng t y k i n h
doanh v cc trng i hc c lin quan cho php cc hng c quan h gn b
qua li, cc k hoch c tnh n quyn l i ca a phng nh vic pht trin
trnh cng ngh. T r o n g bi cnh th trng ang pht trin v i tc chng
mt T r u n g Quc, nhng s u t nh vy gip cho cc hng nc ngoi tr
nn pht trin theo m t hng nht nh. Cc cng t y a quc gia sm nhn ra
tm
MA
(truy cp a phn m kt hp theo phn vng thi gian - time division synchrous
code division multiple access) ti s thnh cng ca h T r u n g Quc v nhanh
chng y mnh cc chin lc kinh doanh. C hai cng ty Siemens v N o k i a
u t hiu qu trn 100 triu U S D nng cao tiu chun, trong k h i cc cng
ty khc nh Alcatel, Ericson, Motorola vn cha c ng tnh g.
N h n g quyt ngh ca T r u n g Quc nhm khc phc nhng ro cn hin ti
trong ngnh cng ngh v chim c li th tin phong trong ngnh ny. V vy
m cc cng t y a quc gia nn thng xuyn theo di nhng ng tnh t pha
chnh ph, xy dng cc m i quan h ph hp v i l i ch ca cc bn. Trc mt
th trng rng ln, tng trng mnh nh T r u n g Quc th cc cng ty a quc
gia ny kh m b qua nhng cuc cch mng tiu chun t nc ng dn nht
th gii ny.
M t m i n h chng in hnh l Microso. Gn y tp on ny k
hng hot cc tha thun v i B Cng nghip Thng t i n T r u n g Quc, cam kt ti
tr hng triu l a gip pht trin ngnh ny v lm gim khong cch v
cng ngh thng t i n gia thnh th v nng thn. M i c r o s o lm vic v i B
Cng ngh Thng t i n vvic xy dng 5 trung tm thng t i n ln v iu ny c
th gip nng dn c th d dng khai thc v tm k i m thng tin. Tp on ny
s o to trn 70.000 k s phn m m , cung cp cc chuyn gia t vn, o to
79
Cng nghip in t ng vai tr quan trng trong tng trng xut khu ca
ngnh sn xut. in t chim 3 0 % tng k i m ngch xut khu. H i n nay Thi
Lan ang n m trong tp 5 nc dn u v xut khu cc sn phm lin quan m y
tnh v l th trng quan trng v mt s sn phm nh a cng, bn phm v
m y i n trn th trng th gii.
- Tng cng bo h s hu tr tu
Thi L a n ban hnh o lut cp bng sng ch vo nm 1979. M c tiu
ch y u ca o lut ny l khai thc quyn s hu tr tu e thc y s thnh
vng ca nn kinh t. N h n g c nhn/t chc khng phi l cng dn m m u n
c bo v quyn s hu tr tu c yu cu phi np n vo Thi L a n trong
vng 12 thng t lc in vo bn ng k bo v s hu ti nc mnh. i v i
ngnh in t vic bo v thit k ca cc h thng in t l rt quan trng. S
pht trin ca m t thit k mch in hp nht cn c u t c trng dim.
Tuy nhin thit k ny c th rt d b sao chp v xy dng nhng thnh
phn ng dng sn sng tung ra th trng. V vy nu khng c s bo h nhng
thit k ny th cc hng v cc t chc c bit rt c th s u t thi gian v
ngun lc ca mnh cho s pht trin ca h thng ny.
cng l l do m Thi Lan a ra Lut bo h cc thit k mch in
hp nht vo nm 2000. Lut ny cng bo h cho cc thit k mch in m i l
hoc cc thit k l kt qu ca vic sp xp li cc thnh phn tiu chun. L u t
ny cng yu cu bo h trong nm k t ngy sp t hoc ngy u tin khai
thc thng mi.
Phn l n nhng sn phm c gi tr cao c ti xut khu v nc ca
nhng nh u t nc ngoi, nh trong trng hp ca M v EU, hay c
chuyn n nhng giai on khc ca sn xut nh trong trng hp ca N h t
Bn v A S E A N
3.2. nh gi kh nng tham gia ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam trong GVC
3.2.1. Thnh cng
Thng qua vic phn tch cc ti liu thu thp c v kt qu iu tra ca
nhm nghin cu, chng ta c th thy cc doanh nghip ngnh in t V i t nam
c c m t s thnh cng sau:
84
chung ca ngnh u tng nhanh trong thi gian qua. K e hoch xut khu ca
n h m hng ny trong n m 2008 l 3,5 t USD, tng 5 9 , 1 % , m t tc tng
trng kh n tng
38
3.2.2. Tn ti
Cuc kho st cng cho thy m t s tn ti ng lu nh sau:
hin cc chc nng OBM, ODM. iu ny cho thy nng lc branding sn phm
ca cc cng ty n i a cn rt yu km. Cc cng ty sn xut hng in t bng
thng hiu v thit k ca chnh h u l doanh nghip c v n u t nc
ngoi. y chnh l l do c s chnh lch gia kt qu hot ng sn xut k i n h
doanh ca cc doanh nghip V i t Nam v i mc ci thin nng lc sn xut
k i n h doanh ca doanh nghip.
85
cng nhn c tay ngh cao, lao ng ph thng chim t trng ln. s lao ng
c trnh i hc li cha c o to ph hp v i n h u cu s dng. Ngnh
cng nghip in t l ngnh yu cu tnh chnh xc, ng b cao trong sn xut
nhng lao ng V i t N a m y u v thc k lut lao ng, t i n h thn on kt, hp
tc sng to cn yu. L do ca tnh trng ny l m t phn do h thng gi dc
V i t N a m cn t cc trng dy ngh nn s lao ng c o to cha cao. H n
na, doanh nghip ngnh in t V i t Nam cn thiu t m nhn chin lc nn
cha u t thch ng cho vic o to ngun nhn lc dn n lao dng c tay
ngh khan him.
86
v linh kin m y tnh l mt hng c th gia tng t bin k i m ngch xut khu
trong giai on t i nh c cc d n u t ln ca nc ngoi vo lnh vc ny
trong thi gian gn y. nh gi ny da trn cc l do sau:
40
87
chnh l t ngy . .2009, thc hin cam kt khi gia nhp WTO, V i t Nam s tin
hnh m ca th trng bn l cho hng ha NK. iu ny s gy kh khn
nghim trng cho cc doanh nghip sn xut hng in t V i t Nam, v N K hng
in t nguyn chic sr hn l sn xut ti V i t nam. y cng chnh l l do
hng lot doanh nghip nh Sony V i t Nam, Orion - Hanel,... ng ca trong
thi gian qua. Tnh trng ny cng ang e da nhiu doanh nghip khc trong
89
v tr quan trng trong vic hnh thnh v pht trin ngnh cng nghip in t.
N h n g cc cng t y ny ch yu tp trung vo vic lp rp, sn xut hng in t
gia dng nhm p ng nhu cu ni a, thc hin mc tiu thay th nhp khu,
tn dng nhng u i v thu ch khng u t thm V i t N a m v quy m th
trng cn nh b. V vy, s tham gia G V C
nhng
90
3.4. Gii php nng cao kh nng tham gia GVC ca cc doanh nghip in t Vit Nam
D o c th ca ngnh, chui gi tr ca hng in t ch y u l do nh sn
xut chi phi. C th thy rng v tr hin ti ca cc doanh nghip in t V i t
N a m trong chui gi tr hng in t th gii cn rt khim tn. Trong 5 khu to
gi tr gia tng th V i t N a m tham gia ch yu vo mng li sn xut. D o c l i
th v ngun lao ng r v v tr a l gn nhng trung tm sn xut hng in
t chu nh H n g Kng, i Loan, T r u n g Quc...Vit N a m c nhiu i tc
nc ngoi quan tm v t hng trong chin lc gim chi ph sn xut, thc
hin chuyn m n ha trong vic gia tng gi tr theo khu c th nng cao hiu
qu k i n h doanh hng in t trn th gii ca cc nh sn xut n t Nht Bn,
H n Quc, i Loan, Hoa K, EU... Qua kt qu kho st V i t Nam v bi hc
kinh nghim ca cc quc gia lng ging, nhm tc gi cho rang, trong giai on
u chng ta nn ch u t vo khu sn xut, l khu c th tranh th s hp
tc ca cc T N C s ch cha nn tham gia vo khu thit k hay phn phi, v nng
lc nghin cu pht trin ( R & D ) cn km, cn u t v n nhiu v cnh tranh cao.
V i iu kin ca V i t N a m hin nay, y l khu ph hp nng cp v tr ca
doanh nghip V i t N a m trong chui gi tr hng in t th g i i v gy nh hng
n nhng i tc c nm quyn quyt nh trong ngnh in t ton cu.
3.4.1. Nhm
gii php v m
92
V vy, N h nc cn
45
httD://wwwl.nui.gov.vn/traodoiykien/HoiThaQOuocGia/ChuDe4n~hiTfuongDienTu-asp
93
tin tin
Nh
94
cn km, cc
doanh nghip F D I khng sn sng chuyn giao cng ngh quan trng cho V i t
Nam. Thc t ca hai cng ty Sony V i t nam v Hanel cho thy, m t trong nhng
nguyn nhn dn n vic phi ng ca cc doanh nghip sn xut ca h V i t
N a m l do s chuyn hng ca th trng t T V s dng n hnh sang T V
LCD,
gii php vi m
95
96
cnh tranh s ngy cng gay gt hn c bit l vn cnh tranh v cht lng.
Vn m bo cht lng phi c t ln hng u i v i cc doanh nghip
sn xut hng in t xut khu ca V i t Nam.
3.4.3. Thay i phng thc tham gia sn xut trong chui gi tr ton cu
H i n nay sn phm in t xut khu ca V i t N a m ch yu c sn xut
theo phng thc gia cng (Assembling). D o t trng gia cng ca hng in t
V i t N a m cn cao nn gi tr gia tng trong chui l khng cao. e nng cao hiu
qu xut khu in t trong tng lai v gip gia tng gi tr, V i t Nam cn thay
i phng thc sn xut xut khu bng cch chuyn t phng thc sn xut
gia cng thun ty sang nhng phng thc khc nh OEM, O D M
v cui cng
phn ngi tiu dng nhng li b yu th trc hng T r u n g Quc, d cht lng
thua k m nhng gi c cnh tranh hn. e vt qua t r ngi ny, cc doanh
nghip V i t nam cn pht trin hot ng marketing cho hng in t nhm gia
tng gi tr hng in t. Thc t ca Thi L a n v T r u n g Quc cho thy hai quc
gia ny rt thnh cng trong vic pht trin th trng n i a. e cng co v
m rng th trng, cc doanh nghip in t V i t N a m cn quan tm n cng
tc xc tin thng m i nhm to nhiu c hi tip xc v tm hiu khch hng
t xc nh nhu cu cng nh x u hng thay i nhu cu ca th trng a
ra nhng sn phm ph hp.
v qung co: Doanh nghip in t ca V i t N a m c th qung co cho
sn phm ca mnh qua cc phng tin nh tp san chuyn ngnh, trang web...
c bit, cc doanh nghp ngnh in t nn ch trng thit lp trang website
hin i v hiu qu, v chnh l phng thc tt nht thuyt phc khch
hng vtrnh ng cng ngh ca doanh nghip.
Tham gia hi ch trin lm: y cng l mt hot ng xc tin c hiu
qu. Thng qua cc dp tham gia hi ch trin lm, doanh nghip cng c th gii
thiu mt cch c hiu qu sn phm ca mnh, tm k i m khch hng, v m rng
th trng.
Ca hng gii thiu v trng by sn phm: Cc doanh nghip in t V i t
Nam c th xy dng h thng cc ca hng gii thiu v bn sn phm tng i
rng khp c nc to iu kin cho khch hng c th n tm hiu k sn
phm ca doanh nghip t i n quyt nh k kt hp ng. Th trng
trong nc chnh l bn p cho cng ty vn ti th trng nc ngoi, bi v
nu sn phm c khch hng trong nc ng h s to uy tn tt cho cng ty.
B i l, nu khch hng nc ngoi cha bit n nhng sn phm c nhn hiu
V i t N a m th k h i m u n k kt hp ng v hp tc lm n v i cc doanh nghip
99
mt cch
loi
102
KT LUN
103
Ti liu t h a m k h o
"Mt so vn ln v hin trng v trin vng o to ngun nhn lc cho cng nghip in t v
cng ngh thng tin",
http://computerjobs.vn/huong-nghiep/mot-so-van-de-lon-ve-hien-trang-va-trien-vong-dao-taonguon-nhan-luc-cho-cong-nghiep-dien-tu-va-cong.htm
14
15
Quyt nh cua Th tng Chnh p h u sOO 75/2007/Q-TTg ngy 28/5/2007 v ph duyt k hoc
tng th pht trin C N T Vit nam n n m 2010 v t m nhn n n m 2020
http://www.moi. gov.vn/LDocument/Detail.asp?id=2256
16
17
"Th trng hng in t v trin vng pht trin ca Vit Nam n nm 2010"
http://wwwl.mot.gov.vn/traodoiykien/HoiThaoQuocGia/ChuDe4/ThiTruongDienTu.asp
"Th trng hng in t Vit Nam vn im ang"
19
http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:http://vietbao.vn/Kinh-te/Thi-truong-hang-dien-tu-VietNam-van-im-ang/45116479/87/
Trn Thy, "Nhiu d n ln v in t o vo Vit Nam"
http://vietnamnet.vn/kinhte/2008/02/769021/
21 "Xut khu in t d kin vt 2,5 t USD", http://www.veia.org.vn/
"Xut khau hng in t v linh kin my
http://www.kinhte24h.com/index. php?page=news&id=27409
Vnmedia, "Cng nghip in t Vit Nam tt hu 10-20 nm"
http://www.vnmedia.vn/print.asp?newsi=55158
24
25
26
27
www.sony.com.vn
nm 2007
Gary Gereffi, O l g a M e m e d o v i c (2003), "The global apparel value chm: What prospects for
Upgrading hy Developing Countries", United Nations Industrial development Organisation,
Vienna.
Philip M. Parker, The 2006-2011 "World Outlook forElectronic Cylindrical Connectors " for
Electronic Circuitry, www.icongrouponline.com
Semiconducto
r industry: primer and market overview
g Timothy J. Sturgeon, "Modular Production 's Impact n Japan 's Electronics lndustry ", MT IPC
W o r k i n g Paper IPC-06-001, January 2006
United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2005 "A Case Study of the Electronics Industry in
Thaiand"
PH L C
B GIO DC V O T O
TRNG I H C NGOI T H N G
PHIU IU TRfi
V TR D O A N H N G H I P TRONG C H U I GI TR T O N C U
Thuc ti NCKH
cp B nm 200 7
" N G H I N C U C H U I GI TR T O N C U ( G L O B A L V A L E C H A I N - GVC) V K H N N G
T H A M GIA C A C C DOANH NGHIP N G N H IN T V I T NAM"
Knh si:
Chng ti l nhm cn b, gio vin Trng i hc Ngoi thng c giao nhim v nghin cu
ti cp B nm 2007. e cho vic nghin cu c khch quan, chnh xc trn c s c th c c kt qu
nghin cu hu ch nham phc v cho cc doanh nghip, chng ti trn trng ngh Qu c quan cng iham
gia nghin cu thng qua vic tr li cc cu hi trong phiu iu (ra ny. Mi thng tin lin quan n tng
doanh nghip c (h chng ti s khng nu trong bo co tong hp.
D nhn mt ch
n Nhiu ngi gp
Nh nc
Lin doanh
lOO%FDI
bn l ca
Cng ty bn
Gia cng sp xk
Lin doanh sx
cho cy khc
vi nc ngoi
XK
vi
hng
thng
hiu ca mnh
Cng ty bn l
Nh phn phi
Sn
Nh bn l
D Cha tham
gia cc hot
ng ny
N h sn xut
cng ty ban l
Chng
phm
tnh, My nh,
Khc
loi sn ^phng tin nghe n gia dng v My
nhn v linh kin linh kin (T lnh, laptop v linh quay phim v
Cty bn
K D l
Th
ty
XNK
(TV, catssette,...)
ni cm in...)
BU
kin
QBc M
khc
NB)
.Cu h i v v tr ca d o a n h n g h i p t r o n g c h u i gi tr
H y k h o a n h trn vo s t 0-4 tng n g v i m c ng ca cc pht b i u sau v hot n g sn xut k i n h
d o a n h h i n ti ca cng t y b n
0
Hon ton ng
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
>
8.
9.
10
Nam
Nam
l i , C u h i v s t h a y i s a u k h i lm n v i i tc n c n g o a i
N u cng t y b n t n g m u a h n g h o c bn hng c h o m t cng t y n c n g o a i th x i n b n v u i lng tr l i
cc cu h i d i y b n g cch k h o a n h trn vo s t 0-4 tng ng v i m c c i (hin t r o n g nng l c c a
cng t y bn sau k h i lm n v i i tc nc ngoi so v i trc k h i lm n v i i tc nc ngoai
0
li
4
Ci thin rt nhiu
ci t h i n hn trc m c no
13. N n g l c xc tin trc k h i bn hng nh giao dch qua e m a i l , website, h i c h
trin lm c c i t h i n h n trc m c no
14. N n g l c xc tin sau k h i bn hng nh ch v c h m sc khch hng, bo hnh,
cung cp p h tng c c i t h i n h o n trc m c no
15. N n g l c nh gi hng (k c g i m gi, cp tn d n g c h o n g i mua...) c ci
t h i n hem trc m c no
16. Cc hot n g phn p h i n h m c a hng i d i n , giao dch v i nh phn p h i
nc ngoi c c i t h i n hn trc m c no
B Gio dc v o to
TRNG I HC NGOI T H N G
T H U Y T M I N H TI
K H O A H C V C N G N G H CP
1. TEN TI
2. M S i
o.^
Nghin cu chui gi tr ton ci (global value chain - GVC) v kh nng tham gia
ca cc doanh nghip.ngnh in t ca Vit Nam
3. LNH v c NGHIN c u
T
X hi
nhin Nhn vn
Gio
c
K
Nng
Y
thut Lm-Ng Dc
Mi
trng
'
C bn
. 0- -
18 thng
T thng 4 nm 2007
n thng 9 nm 2008
6. C QUAN CH TR
H v tn : Nguyn Hong nh
Hc v, chc danh KH: Tin s Chc v: Ph Ch nhim khoa
a chi C: 91 Cha Lng, ng a, H Ni
a chi NR: 20/9 Hong Ngc Phch - H Ni
'
in thoi C: 7750475
in thoi NR : 8353746 in thoi di ng: 0913587278
Fax: 8 343 605
E-mail: linhmi2000(jyahoo.com
s
H v tn
n v cng tc v lnh
vc chuyn mn
P.CN khoa KTNT
Ni dung nghin cu c th
c giao
Vit 2 chuyn
2. CH o Thu H
3. CH V th Hnh
Vit 3 chuyn
Ging vin khoa KTNT
Ch k
5. CN inh S Din
9. O N V PHI H T CHNH
Tn n v
trong v ngoi nc
Copenhagen
University, an mch
H v tn ngi i din n v
Gio s Henrik Muller
Trn th gii, khi nim "chui gi tr ton cu" bt ngun t khi nim "Value chm - chui gi tr" ,
do Michael Porter khi xng vo thp k 90 ca th k 20. Theo ng, "chui gi tr l l mt tp hp
cc hot ng a mt sn phm t khi nim n khi a vo s dng v c sau . Chui gi tr
bao gm cc hot ng nh thit k mu m, sn xut, marketing, phn phi v dch v sau khi bn cho
ngi tiu dng cui cng. Nhng hot ng ny c th c thc hin trong phm vi mt doanh nghip
hoc c phn phi gia cc doanh nghip khc nhu". Chui gi tri ny c th c thc hin trong
phm vi mt khu vc a l hoc tri rng trong phm vi nhiu quc gia v tr thnh chui gi tr ton
cu - global value chain.
Sau Michael Porter, nhiu nh khoa hc khc bt u nghin cu su v ti ny, nhu Gary Gereffi Duke University v i bi nghin cu "The Govemance of Global Value Chains" ng trn tp ch
Review o f Intemational Political Economy thng 4/2003, Raphael Kaplinski - Institute o f Development
Studies, "Chui gi tr o go ton cu - trin vng tham gia ca cc nc ang pht trin ti Nam Phi",
Bi trong H i tho do U N I D O t chc ti Vienne, nm 2003... ti ny ang tip tc c cc nh
khoa hc t nhiu quc gia khc nhau tip tc nghin cu.
. TS Phm Thu Hng (2006), Chin lc v nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip dt may
Vit Nam, sau khi d b h thong hn ngch dt may Vit Nam sau khi d b h thong hn
ngch dt may - cch tip cn trong chui gi tr ton cu, H i tho "Quc t ha cc doanh
nghip va v nh Vit Nam" - H Ni.
2. ThS Lng th N g c Oanh (2006), Hi nhp ca cc doanh nghip ch Vit Nam vo th [rng
ton cu, H i tho "Quc t ha cc doanh nghip va v nh Vit Nam" - H Ni.
3. Bames J. and R. K a p l i n s k y (2000), "Globalisation and the death o f the local firm? The
automobile components sector i n South A f r i c a " , Regional Studies, Voi.34, No. 9, 2000.
4. Gary Gereff (2003),
fiimiture
value chain -
"~
MC TIU E TAI
Mc tiu nghin cu ca ti l nghin cu v chui gi tr ton cu, cc m hnh chui gi tr
cu trn th g i i , thc trng tham gia th trng quc t ca ngnh in t V i t N a m hin nay v
nng tham gia chui gi tr ton cu ca cc doanh nghip ngnh in t V i t Nam sau k h i V i t N a m
nhp WTO. Trn c s , n h m tc gi d kin s gii quyt 3 vn :
. Nghin c u nhng v n l lun chung nht v chui gi tr ton cu nh khi nim, qu trinh
hnh thnh v pht trin, tc dng ca vic tham gia vo chui gi tri ton cu, m t s m hnh
v chui gi tr ton cu ca cc ngnh nh dt may, da giy..., v kinh nghim ca m t s quc
gia trn th gii k h i gia nhp chui gi tr ton cu.
2.
Phng php nghin cu: s dng kt hp cc phung php truyn thng nh: nghin cu ti bn,
thng k, phn tch, so snh v nhng phng php diu tra x h i hc, phng vn...
Sn phm
phi t
Xy dng cng
Tp hp ti liu
Bn cu hi hon chnh
CN. o Thu H
CN. Trn Hng Ngn
CN. inh S Din
Bo co tng quan v 8/2007 - CN. V Th Hnh
chui gi tri ton cu - 9/2007
GVC
Bo co v tc dng ca 9/2007 - CN. V Th Hnh
vic tham gia GVC i 10/2007
vi cc DN ti cc nc
ang pht trin
CN. V Th Hnh
Bo co v thc ng 11/2007
tham gia GVC ti mt s -12/2007
quc gia pht trin
Thi
gian
(bt ukt thc)
4/20075/2007
4/20077/2007
4/2007 5/2007
5/2007 12/2007
12/2007
-01/2008
01/2008
-02/2008
02/2008
-03/2008
Bo co tng hp
Bo co tng hp v bo 7/20089/2008
co tm tt
Nhm nghin cu ti
Loi sn phm
Mu
Ging cy trng
Tiu chun
Ti liu d bo
Bn kin ngh
D/
B2
Vt liu
Ging gia sc
Qui phm
n
Sn phm khc
Thit b my mc
Qui trnh cng ngh
S
Lun chng kinh t
Bo co phn tch
Ek^
Chng trnh my tnhd
Tn sn phm
S lng
Yu cu khoa hc
Bo co khoa hc v "Nghin
cu chui gi tr ton cu
(global vaue chm - GVC) v
kh nng tham gia ca cc
doanh nghip ngnh in t ca
Vit Nam"
Bi bo v "V th ca ngnh
cng nghip in t Vit Nam
trong chui gi tr ton cu hin
nay" v "Bi hc kinh nghim
v tham gia chui gi tr ton
cu ca mt s nc trn th
gii"
Bn kin ngh a ra cc gii php
gip cc doanh nghip ngnh in
t Vit Nam tham gia ci thin
v tr trong GVC
04
02
OI
B GIO DC V O TO
S:
/Q-BGDT
Q U Y T NH
V vic thnh lp Hi ng nh gi nghim thu cp B
ti khoa hc v cng ngh cp B
B T R N G B GIO DC V O TO
Cn c Ngh nh ca Chnh phu s 178/207/N-CP ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2007
qui nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B, c quan ngang B;
Cn c Ngh nh ca Chnh ph s 32/2008/N-CP ngy 19 thng 3 nm 2008 ca
Chnh ph qui nh v chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Gio dc v
o to;
Cn c Ngh nh ca Chnh ph s 81/2002/N-CP ngy 7/10/2002 Quy nh chi
tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Khoa hc v Cng ngh;
Cn c Quyt nh ca B trng B Gio dc v o to s 24/2005/QB G D & T ngy 02 thng 8 nm 2005 ban hnh Quy nh v qun l ti khoa hc v
cng ngh cp B;
Cn c Quyt nh ca B trng B Gio dc v o to s 1214/Q-BGDT
ngy 12 thng 3 nm 2007 v vic uy quyn k quyt nh thnh lp Hi ng khoa hc
nh gi nghim thu ti khoa hc v cng ngh cp B;
Xt ngh ca Hiu trng Trng i hc Ngoi thng, V trng V Khoa
hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng,
QUYT NH:
iu 1: Thnh lp Hi ng nh gi nghim thu cp B ti khoa hc v cng
ngh cp B: "Nghin cu chui gi tr ton cu (global value chain - GVC) v kh
nng tham gia ca cc doanh nghip ngnh in t ca Vit Nam", m s B2007-0822 do TS Nguyn Hong nh lm ch nhim, Trng i hc Ngoi thng l c quan
ch tr. H i ng gm cc thnh vin c danh sch km theo.
iu 2: H i ng c trch nhim nh gi nghim thu ti theo cc quy nh ti
Quyt nh s 24/2005/Q-BGD&T ngy 02/8/2005 ban hnh Quy nh v qun l
ti cp B ca B Gio dc v o to. Hi ng t gii th sau khi hon thnh nhim
v.
iu 3: Chnh Vn phng, V trung V Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng B
Gio dc v o to, Hiu trng Trng i hc Ngoi thng, cc thnh vin ca Hi
ng v ch nhim ti chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny.
TH. B TRNG
V T R N G V KHOA HC, C N G NGH
Ni nhn:
- Nh iu 3;
- TiT Bnh Tin Long (d b/c);
-Lu: VT, KHCNMT.
BN^SlUC V O TO
DANH S C H C C T H N H VIN H I O N G
GI NGHIM THU CP B TI KH&CN CP B
Tn ti:
Ch tch Hi ng
Uy vin th k
5. PGS. TS Don K Bn
Trng i hc Thng mi
Uy vin
u
vin
Uy vin
B GIO DC V O TO
T R N G I HC NGOI T H N G
BIN BN HP H I N G N H GI N G H I M THU CP B
TI KHOA H C V C N G NGH C P B
27/02/2009
6. a im:
7. Thnh vin ca Hi ng
Ch tch Hi ng:
Uy vin Th k:
Uy vin:
PGS,TS Don K Bn
Uy vin:
Uy vin:
8.
9. T n g s im:
l . Tng s u im:
l i . T n g s im hp l:
12. im trung bnh cui cng:
S ^ 7~
khng hp l:
52)2.
88/
14. X p loi:
VA/
^w tbvt
~p-
* Ghi ch: - Xp loi (theo im trung bnh cui cng): Tt: 86-100 im; Kh: 70-85 im; t: 50-69 im;
Khng dt: < 50 im
- im ca thnh vin hi ng chnh lch > 20 im so vi im trung bnh ban du coi l im
khng hp l v khng c tnh vo tng s im hp l.