- treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. - Staphylococcus aureus. - However, the efficacy of pure preparations of phage is greatly reduced due to its short longevity on surface of skin. - The phage containing cosmetic was applied for disease treatment and increased the phage longevity from 24 to 100 h and preserved ini- tial phage population. - Conventional antibiotics aim to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria leading to a strong selective advantage for pathogens to develop resistance in many cases (Jo et al., 2016). - have been proposed that entail targeting virulence of the pathogens without inhibiting their growth therapy reducing or slowing the selection for resistance (Medellin-Pena et al., 2007). - Pathogenic bacteria have been shown to attach to a wide variety of skin contact and non-contact sur- faces (Barak et al., 2005). - McCarthy et al., 2015).. - Phages have long been proposed as human dis- ease control agents and have been used in several human bacterial pathogens (Zaccordelli et al., 1992. - Balogh et al., 2003).. - Obradovic et al., 2002). - Viruses are very fragile and cannot reside long on skin surface because they are quickly eliminated by harmful envi- ronmental factors such as temperature moisture and sunlight UV (Mc Guire et al., 2001). - The accordingly enhanced residual activity of the phages could lead to increase efficacy of phage treatments and to a more convenient applica- tion schedule (Balogh et al., 2003. - Jones et al., 2007). - The objective of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from infected human skin and to investigate in vitro efficacy of phage supplemented cosmetic formulation for treatment of S. - The isolated bacteria were iden- tified and classified on the basis of their morphological and biochemical properties following Bergey ’ s Manual of Determi- native Bacteriology as well as biochemical analysis (Holt et al., 1994). - The phage mixtures consisted of four phage iso- lates and had an approximate final titer of 1 10 10 PFU/ml.. - The phage mixtures were stored in 2 ml Eppendorf tube at 4 ° C in complete darkness.. - The grids were air-dried and were examined by TEM (JEOL – JEM – 1010 Electron microscope) in The Regional Center for Mycology Al-Azhar University, Egypt, according to Heringa et al. - The phage drop (20 l l) of each isolate was over layered on agar. - Clear confluent lysis, and turbid confluent lysis were recorded as positive result, while extremely faint zones were considered negative result (Heringa et al., 2010).. - Tocopherol acetate 0.5% and Rosemary 0.2% desolated in water (Capparelli et al., 2007).. - Inhibition of biofilm formation. - Tissue culture plate method is used as a quantitative test, is considered the gold standard for antivirulence activity of speci- fic phages detection against S. - The phage free cosmetic and phage supplemented cosmetics were assayed for their potential to prevent biofilm formation of S. - The wells were washed three times with 2.0 ml of saline phosphate buffer (PH 7.2) and then dried. - aureus isolates: (A) IS-1 phage, (A) IS-2 phage, (A) IS-3 phage and (A) IS-4 phage.. - aureus isolates. - aureus -1 Turbidity, Large circular irregular with 2–3 mm IS-2 phage S. - with 1.5–3 mm. - aureus -3 Clear, mediate circular regular with 1.5–2 mm. - aureus -4 Clear, small circular regular with 1–2 mm. - Table 2 Anti-biofilm activity of different cosmetic concentrations.. - Biofilm formation (0.D . - The phage particles have an isometric head with different diameter size 65.2–75.5 nm and the tail with nm in length and 15.4–18.5 nm in width (Fig. - The phage isolates exhibited host specificity when tested with four pathogenic S. - Biotreatment in vitro The phage infectivity. - The phage suspension against S. - Biofilm formation. - aureus isolates biofilm formation was strong with 1.10 (OD. - Biofilm formation by cosmetics and specific phage was success- fully inhibited. - The results in Tables 2 and 3 show the potential activity of cosmetic and specific phage against Staphylococcus sp. - biofilm formation.. - Table 4 shows that the combination between different con- centrations of both phage and cosmetics resulted in reduction of biofilm formation as measured by optical density for S. - to 95.45% by applying mixtures of different concentrations of Table 3 Anti-biofilm activity of different concentrations of S. - Table 4 Anti-biofilm activity of different cosmetic concentrations mixed with different concentrations of specific S. - aureus and ready to use cosmetics (Tanaka et al., 1990). - In previous studies, antibacterial coatings containing sil- ver, nitric oxide and antibiotics were developed to inhibit bio- film formation on medical devices (Desrousseaux et al., 2013).. - In addition, small molecules, enzymes and biocides were reviewed to inhibit biofilm formation (Chen et al., 2013).. - aureus were isolated before (Son et al., 2010). - aureus was described (Gilmer et al., 2013). - aureus but not from Cystoviridae family (Balogh et al., 2003. - Saccardi et al., 1993) and three of these were selected for disease control trials. - These formulations increased the longevity of phages’ viability 2 days after the application (Iriarte et al., 2007).. - a global life-threatening pathogen and cosmetic increased the efficacy of phages as alternative treatment and a promising therapeutic agent for disease con- trol. - Strategies for Improving the Efficacy of Bacterio- phage for Controlling Bacterial Spot of Tomato M.S. - Improved efficacy of newly formu- lated bacteriophages for management of bacterial spot on tomato.. - Antibiofilm activity of essential oils and plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escher- ichia coli biofilms. - Experimental phage therapy against Staphylococcus aureus in mice. - Modification of the surfaces of medical devices to prevent microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. - Iriarte, F.B., Balogh, B., Momol, M.T., Smith, L.M.L., Wilson, M.A., Jones, J.B., 2007. - Synergistic antimicrobial activity of bacteriophages and antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. - Jones, J.B., Jackson, L.E., Balogh, B., Obradovic, A., Iriarte, F.B., Momol, M.T., 2007. - Staphylococcus aureus biofilms:. - Methicillin resistance and the biofilm phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus.. - Antibacterial and biofilm removal activity of a podoviridae Staphylococcus aureus bacterio- phage SAP-2 and a derived recombinant cell-wall-degrading enzyme
Xem thử không khả dụng, vui lòng xem tại trang nguồn hoặc xem
Tóm tắt