Có 80+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "nguyên lý kinh tế"
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
Even though Doug may continue to mow Karen’s lawn, the value of the mowing is now left out of GDP because Doug’s service is no longer sold in a market. The reason is that the value of intermediate goods is already included in the prices of the final goods. Adding the market value of the paper to the market value...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
The table shows GDP per person and two measures of the quality of life for 12 major countries.. If you want to know what is happening in the Russian economy, it helps to think about bread. Gaidar, the former Prime Minister and pro-reform director of the Institute of Economic Problems of the Transitional Period.. “Seven years ago to report an...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
But the reduction in the cost of living associated with the initial introduction of the VCR never showed up in the index.. The third problem with the consumer price index is unmeasured quality change.. If the quality of a good deteriorates from one year to the next, the value of a dollar falls, even if the price of the good...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
a c o u n t r y ’ s p r o d u c t i v i t y When you travel around the world, you see tremendous variation in the standard. of living. These large differences in income are reflected in large differences in the quality of life. Even within a country, there are large changes...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
(Or, perhaps, high growth and high investment are both caused by a third variable that has been omitted from the analysis.) The data by themselves cannot tell us the direction of causation. Nonetheless, because capital accumula- tion affects productivity so clearly and directly, many economists interpret these data as showing that high investment leads to more rapid economic growth.. Suppose...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
and adverse structural conditions, including an unusu- ally high incidence of inaccessibility to the sea (15 of 53 countries are land- locked. “self sufficiency” and “state leader- ship,” including state ownership of much of industry, became the guideposts of the economy. Adam Smith in 1755 famously remarked that “little else is requisite to carry a state to the highest degrees...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
The managers of most mutual funds pay close attention to the developments and prospects of the companies in which they buy stock. With thousands of money managers paying close attention to each company’s prospects, the price of a company’s stock is usually a good reflection of the com- pany’s true value. The explanation for the superior performance of index funds...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
That is, the shift in the supply curve moves the market equilibrium along the demand curve. Thus, if a change in the tax laws encouraged greater saving, the result would be lower interest rates and greater investment.. Although this analysis of the effects of increased saving is widely accepted among economists, there is less consensus about what kinds of tax...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
A job loss means a lower living standard in the present, anxiety about the future, and reduced self-esteem. In the preceding two chapters we have seen some of the forces that determine the level and growth of a country’s standard of living. An even more obvious determinant of a country’s standard of living is the amount of unemployment it typically...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
Although the terms of the program vary over time and across states, a typical American worker covered by unemployment insurance receives 50 percent of his or her former wages for 26 weeks.. The explanation is based on one of the Ten Principles of Economics in Chapter 1: People respond to incentives. This experiment shows that the design of the unemployment...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
By contrast, if the firm offers any lower wage, it is sure to hire the incom- petent worker.. Some of these problems were highlighted in our description of the theor y of efficiency wages. In the case of worker quality, for instance, workers have better information about their own abilities than firms do. When a firm cuts the wage it...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
As we will see, the quantity of money circulating in the economy, called the money stock, has a powerful influence on many economic variables. The most obvious asset to include is currency—the paper bills and coins in the hands of the public. There is no doubt that it is part of the money stock.. To mea- sure the money stock,...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
system, which in turn reduces the money supply. Conversely, a lower discount rate encourages bank borrowing from the Fed, increases the quantity of reserves, and increases the money supply.. The Fed uses discount lending not only to control the money supply but also to help financial institutions when they are in trouble. As part of an effort to save the...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
That is, a higher price level (a lower value of money) increases the quantity of money demanded.. What ensures that the quantity of money the Fed supplies balances the quan- tity of money people demand? The answer, it turns out, depends on the time hori- zon being considered. In the long run, the overall level of prices adjusts to the...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
Q U I C K Q U I Z : The government of a country increases the growth rate of the money supply from 5 percent per year to 50 percent per year. In the late 1970s, when the U.S. A FA L L I N P U R C H A S I N G P O W E...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
Which of these scenarios is likely? No one knows. Investors should remem- ber the bear market of the 1970s as well as the bull market of the 1980s and 1990s.. In Britain, which has the world’s largest in- dexed-bond market, the bonds have of- fered a yield 3 to 4 percent higher than the rate of inflation. In the United...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
Mexican government has imposed, or might impose in the future, on foreign investors in Mexico.. We have seen that an open economy interacts with the rest of the world in two ways—in world markets for goods and services and in world financial markets.. That is, net foreign investment (NFI) always equals net exports (NX):. This equation is an identity—an equation...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
C A S E S T U D Y THE NOMINAL EXCHANGE RATE DURING A HYPERINFLATION. One natural experiment is hyperinflation—the high inflation that arises when a government turns to the printing press to pay for large amounts of gov- ernment spending. Consider the German hyperinflation of the early 1920s. Figure 29-3 shows the German money supply, the German price...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
government bond, it needs to change dollars into yen, so it supplies dollars in the market for foreign-currency exchange. For example, when a Japanese airline wants to buy a plane made by Boeing, it needs to change its yen into dollars, so it demands dollars in the market for foreign-currency exchange.. What price balances the supply and demand in the...
tailieu.vn Xem trực tuyến Tải xuống
When net foreign investment in- creases, there is greater demand for loanable funds to finance these purchases.. Thus, as panel (a) of Figure 30-7 shows, the demand curve for loanable funds shifts to the right from D 1 to D 2 . In addition, because net foreign investment is higher for. (a) The Market for Loanable Funds in Mexico (b)...