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NG ƯỜ I CH U TRÁCH NHI M XU T B N B N TIN Ị Ệ Ấ Ả Ả. H và tên khai sinh ọ (ch in) ữ ...Nam, nữ.... N i hi n nay: ơ ở ệ. Dân t c:...Qu c t ch ộ ố ị. Chính tr : ị. Ngo i ng : ạ ữ. Ch c...
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Tên c quan, t ch c C NG HÒA XÃ H I CH NGHĨA VI T NAM ơ ổ ứ Ộ Ộ Ủ Ệ. Đ N XIN PHÉP Ơ. XU T B N Ấ Ả TÀI LI U KHÔNG KINH DOANH Ệ Kính g i: ử S Thông tin và Truy n thông Th a Thiên Hu ở ề ừ...
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Đ N XIN C P GI Y PHÉP Ơ Ấ Ấ HO T Đ NG IN XU T B N PH M Ạ Ộ Ấ Ả Ẩ. Kính g i: ử S Thông tin và Truy n thông Th a Thiên Hu ở ề ừ ế. Đ a ị ch :...S ỉ ố đi n ệ. N i đăng ký...
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B Thông tin và Truy n thông. S Thông tin và Truy n thông Th a Thiên Hu ở ề ừ ế. Ph m vi cung c p thông tin: ạ ấ 4. B ng giá các lo i thông tin s cung c p (n u có)
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THU CH ƯƠ NG TRÌNH TRUY N HÌNH N Ề ƯỚ C NGOÀI TR C TI P T V TINH Ự Ế Ừ Ệ. Xin phép s d ng thi t b thu ch ử ụ ế ị ươ ng trình truy n hình n ề ướ c ngoài tr c ti p t v ự ế ừ ệ tinh:....
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outage probability, 320 penalty causes, 320 power penalty, 354-355 RZ modulation and, 322 second-order, 322 for typical fiber, 320 See also dispersion policing, 513-514 population inversion, 153. See also photonic packet-switched (PPS) networks. working paths, 539 See also failures. noise sources, 160 pump sources for, 190-191 spontaneous emission noise, 161 See also optical amplifiers Raman gain coefficient, 327 random processes,...
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This new version provides timely updates on emerging technologies that will shape the deployment of optical networks for years to come.. The second edition of Optical Networks impressively covers the new technologies that have taken flight since the release of the first edition. In the second edition, Ramaswami and Sivarajan have continued to provide a concise approach to this broad...
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5.12.1 Fiber Type. 5.12.2 T r a n s m i t P o w e r and Amplifier Spacing. 5.12.3 C h r o m a t i c Dispersion C o m p e n s a t i o n. 5.12.5 Nonlinearities. 5.12.6 Interchannel Spacing and N u m b e r of Wavelengths. 5.12.7 All-Optical N...
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6 Client Layers of the Optical Layer 363. 5 3 9 10.2 P r o t e c t i o n in S O N E T / S D H. 5 5 5 10.3 P r o t e c t i o n in IP N e t w o r k s. 5 8 2 10.6...
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A S WE ENTER THE NEW MILLENNIUM, we are seeing dramatic changes in the telecommunications industry that have far-reaching implications for our lifestyles. First and foremost is the con- tinuing, relentless need for more capacity in the network. The tremendous growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web, both in terms of number of users as well as the...
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that more sophisticated techniques can be used to improve the bandwidth efficiency but usually at the cost of slower restoration times. This realization is stimulating the development of service offerings that trade off restoration time against bandwidth efficiency in the network.. Thus carriers in the new world need to deploy networks that provide them with the flexibility to deliver bandwidth...
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20 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL NETWORKS. Figure 1.8 An IP over SONET network. (a) The network has IP switches with SONET adaptors that are connected to a SONET network. Figure 1.9 The layered view of an IP over ATM over SONET network.. Another example of this sort of layering arises in the context of an IP over ATM over SONET network....
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Note that the signal bandwidth needs to be sufficiently smaller than the channel spacing. otherwise we would have undesirable interference between adjacent channels and distortion of the signal itself.. WDM systems today primarily use the 1.55 >m wavelength region for two reasons:. the inherent loss in optical fiber is the lowest in that region, and excellent optical amplifiers are available...
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40 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL NETWORKS. As these first-generation networks were being deployed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, people started thinking about innovative network architectures that would use fiber for more than just transmission. Most of the early experimental efforts were focused on optical networks for local-area network applications, but the high cost of the technology for these applications...
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5 0 PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER. Figure 2.1 Cross section and longitudinal section of an optical fiber showing the core and cladding regions, a denotes the radius of the fiber core.. We then devote the rest of the chapter to understanding the basics of chromatic dispersion and fiber nonlinearities.. Light Propagation in Optical Fiber. An optical fiber consists...
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in the cladding and partly in the core, and thus their propagation constants fl satisfy. Instead of the propagation constant of a mode, we can consider its effective index n e f f = fl/k. The effective index of a mode thus lies between the refractive indices of the cladding and the core. For a monochromatic wave in a single-mode...
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Figure 2.8 A (negatively) chirped Gaussian pulse. Here, and in all such figures, we show the shape of the pulse as a function of time.. It then becomes important to study the effect of chromatic dispersion on such pulses. Here K is called the chirp factor of the pulse and is proportional to the rate of change of the pulse...
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The intensities are related to the powers as Ps - Aels and Pp - Aelp. Note that the output of the pump wave is at z = L, but the output of the Stokes wave is at z = 0 since the two waves are counterpropagating.. If two or more signals at different wavelengths are injected into a fiber, SRS...
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Section 2.4.8 when we consider four-wave mixing. The component of the nonlinear dielectric polarization at the frequency 0001 is. The first term is due to SPM, whereas the effect of the second term is called. In practice, the effect of CPM in WDM systems operating over standard single-mode fiber can be significantly reduced by increasing the wavelength spacing between the...
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100 PROPAGATION OF SIGNALS IN OPTICAL FIBER. A brief quantitative discussion of soliton propagation in optical fiber appears in Section E.3.. Optical amplifiers can be used at periodic intervals along the fiber so that the attenuation undergone by the pulses is not significant, and the higher powers and the consequent soliton properties of the pulses are maintained. By the combined...