Spatial organization for rational land use and environmental protection in Uong Bi Town by functional sub-areas

- Spatial organization for rational land use and environmental protection in Uong Bi Town.
- by functional sub-areas.
- Spatial or territorial organization is one of effective tools for sustainable land use.
- Spatial organization of land use and environmental protection by functional sub-areas is performed on the basis of comprehensive and integrated research on characteristics and differentiation laws of natural components and landscapes, socio-economic factors, the present status and trend of environmental changes as well as the structures and functions of sub-areas..
- Uong Bi is a national center for tourism, coal mining and thermal power production.
- This paper proposes a scientific-based spatial organization of land use and environmental protection by eight functional sub-areas in the Uong Bi Town area..
- Keywords: Spatial organization.
- Land use.
- Environmental protection.
- Uong Bi Town..
- Land as the space for living and production activities is an extremely valuable resource, and an important component of the environment..
- Territorial organization of land use and environmental protection is coordinated arrangement of land uses in the multi-sectoral relationship, combining the economic development with environmental protection, with the aim to use natural and socio-economic potentials efficiently, prevent pollution and improve the environment quality [1, 2]..
- The Uong Bi Town is the western gateway of Quang Ninh Province, a junction for economic and commercial exchanges in the corridor of National highways No 10 and 18, which is a key economic area of Quang Ninh Province..
- The Uong Bi Town area has rather rich mineral resources, consisting of coal (690 million tons), limestone (28-30 million tons), claystone (595,000 tons), and forest resources (10,736 ha), high potential tourism resources with Yen Tu tourist center, Lung Xanh waterfalls, Yen Trung reservoir.
- These are considered very important resources, contributing to the economic development of the town.
- The immediate and long term problem of Uong Bi is that concrete measures and action plans are required not only for sustainable economic growth, but also for ensuring environmental quality and social stability.
- For this very reason it is necessary to organize the space for rational land use and environmental protection of Uong Bi Town in the direction of sustainable development..
- Approaches to spatial organization research The systems approach and sustainable development approach are the leading methodology in the territorial organization of land use and environmental protection..
- Therefore, when acting on a component of a system, its other components also change, leading to changes in the system as a whole..
- The territory of Uong Bi as a geosystem formed by a mutual relationship between natural factors (geologic, topographic, climatic, hydrologic, pedologic, biologic, etc.
- The sustainable development approach requires a harmonic combination between socio- economic development and environmental protection, in particular it requires to implement three objectives: (1) effective economic development, (2) harmonic development of.
- social aspects, improvement of living standards of the population and (3) prevention of pollution and improvement of the ecological environment..
- Data for spatial organization.
- The data sources serving territorial organization of land use and environmental protection consist of geomorphologic, pedologic, climatic, hydrologic, vegetation cover, statistical and socio-economic survey data of the whole Uong Bi Town and its wards, communes in .
- water and air environment analysis data from pilot research sites collected in the rainy and dry seasons from 2004 to 2006;.
- a series of 1: 25,000 scale geomorphologic, pedologic, and land use status, vegetation cover, population distribution, general economic, environmental quality status maps, natural hazards, environmental zoning maps of Uong Bi Town..
- The procedure for territorial organization research of Uong Bi Town consists of two large steps [3, 4] (Fig.
- 1): (1) Survey, analysis and evaluation of natural, socio-economic and environmental conditions of Uong Bi Town.
- Integrated and inter-disciplinary surveys were conducted along traverses across the main types of landforms and characteristic production areas of Vang Danh, Nam Mau coal mining areas, Yen Tu tourist area, the aquacultural area in the south of the town, etc.
- the main population area at the center of the town.
- Soil, water and air samples were analyzed for evaluating the status, spatial and temporal variation of the environmental quality in the study area..
- Analyzing the economic, ecological, social and environmental.
- functions of each sub-area (II.1).
- Proposing measures for implementing spatial organization in land use and environmental protection for each sub-area.
- environmental issues for each sub-area (II.3).
- Proposing orientation for spatial organization in land use and environmental protection (II.4).
- Analyzing socio- economic development.
- Research procedure for spatial organization of land use and environmental protection in Uong Bi Town..
- The mapping, remote sensing and GIS methods were used in various stages in the research process, with the aim to present the distribution and relationship between natural, socio-economic components in the territory of Uong Bi Town.
- In the research process, SPOT 5 space images with resolution of 2.5 m and various software programs (Mapinfo 7.8, ArcGIS 9.0) were used for compiling thematic maps and territorial organization maps of land use and environmental protection..
- Spatial organization of land use and environmental protection.
- Territorial zoning of Uong Bi Town Zoning of Uong Bi Town is essentially.
- dividing this area into sub-areas with particular natural, socio-economic and environmental characteristics..
- Sub-area is a particular territorial unit which is considered a geosystem consisting of relatively homogeneous natural conditions, socio-economic activities which have mutual interactions creating specific characteristics allowing to orient for exploitation and use of natural resources and environmental protection..
- Research and evaluation of these sub-areas will create a scientific basis for planning the economic development attached with the rational exploitation and utilization of natural resources and environmental protection in the direction of sustainable development..
- Each sub-area is delineated based on the.
- Although each sub-area has particular characteristics in terms of groups of natural, socio-economic and environmental factors, the names of sub-areas are usually attached with their geographic names and functions for easy identification of their spatial distribution, characteristics, role and functions..
- Spatial organization of land use and environmental protection by sub-areas.
- Based on the results of research on structures and functions of sub-areas, analysis of the current status and the trend of socio- economic development, regional environmental evolution, combined with the consideration of orientation for development of Uong Bi area and Quang Ninh Province, a spatial organization of land use and environmental protection by sub-areas has been proposed..
- Yen Tu tourist and medium mountain forest landscape conservation sub-area.
- The landform in this sub-area is developed on coarse grained sedimentary rocks, consisting of alternating layers of conglomerate, gritstone, sandstone, claystone and coal seams of Hon Gai formation.
- The conversion of Yen Tu area into a large scale cultural - ecological tourist site brings great socio-economic benefit, but on the other hand it also causes great pressures on the environment, especially in the festival season..
- Therefore it is necessary to preserve and refurbish historic and cultural relics, protect the natural landscape of the beauty spot, especially the forest cover along the tourist route.
- East Yen Tu - Bao Dai low mountain and hill forestry sub-area.
- The northern part of this sub-area is characterized by medium mountains composed of coarse grained terrigenous rocks of Hon Gai formation.
- Here occurs a well preserved primary forest cover, where originates the system of rivers and streams flowing to Uong Bi Town.
- The main function of this sub-area is to protect the watershed forest, contributing to the regulation of surface water flow and improvement of the ecological environment..
- The southern part of this sub-area is of low mountain topography, composed of volcano- sedimentary rocks of Binh Lieu formation.
- This is where originate most of streams flowing into the Sinh River and Vang Danh stream in Thuong Yen Cong population and agricultural sub-area.
- Sub-areas of Uong Bi Town for spatial organization of land use and environmental protection..
- Vang Danh coal mining sub-area.
- The vast mining sites of Vang Danh, Vietmindo and Nam Mau coal companies to the NE of Uong Bi Town.
- Coal mining brings big economic benefits, but impacts strongly the land and forest resources, causes ever more serious environmental pollution in the mining area and the surroundings.
- Coal mining is the greatest source of environmental pollution in the area of Uong Bi Town.
- In the area of the coal processing plant appropriate technological solutions must be used for treatment of the waste water from the coal processing, reducing dust and noise..
- Thuong Yen Cong valley and gentle hill populated and agricultural production sub-area.
- The topography of this sub-area consists mainly of tectonic valley, structural- denudation types with accumulative-denudation and delta margin landforms, composed mainly of coal bearing terrigenous sediments.
- In the sub-area are formed the main soil types: colluvial soil, sterile alluvial soil, and yellow feralite soil on.
- On the other hand, this sub-area is crossed by National road No 18B in E-W direction, so it is the favorable for population settlement and agricultural development in comparison with the other sub- areas in the mountain area north of the Uong Bi Town..
- The Vang Danh urban and service area is the main living area of the population in Vang Danh Ward and most miners' households, with many restaurants, trade and service establishments.
- Central low mountain and hill forestry and ecotourist sub-area.
- This sub-area is mainly of low mountain and hill landforms on coal bearing terrigenous sediments, together with some other types of landforms such as plain marginal hills composed of coal bearing terrigenous sediments, erosion-tectonic valleys with hummocky.
- In this sub-area occurs mainly close, humid tropical board leaf, ever green forest type with predominance of wood trees and secondary humid tropical shrubs..
- The main function of this sub-area is to develop forestry, build reservoirs, ensuring sufficient clean water for domestic water supply and for production in Vang Danh Ward..
- Construction of a dam across the Sinh River and Muoi Hai Khe stream to create a multi- purpose reservoir is a strategic turn for domestic water supply in Uong Bi Town [5]..
- Full use of the beautiful scenery of the reservoir area should be made for developing ecotourism and resorts, but special attention should be paid to the protection of the water environment in the reservoir..
- The forest cover upstream of the reservoirs must be strictly protected to ensure constant water supply sources for the reservoirs even during the dry season, contributing to the reduction of soil erosion, suspended solids contents in the river and stream water and sedimentation in the reservoir..
- The landscape of this sub-area is being impacted by human activities as it is located adjacent to National road 18B and crossed by coal hauling roads from Vang Danh coal mine to Dien Cong port.
- Central urban and industrial sub-area The industrial part of this sub-area has high population density with concentration of industrial production.
- The most urgent environmental issue in this sub- area is the industrial and municipal waste management.
- The urban part of this sub-area has diverse sources of industrial and domestic wastes, which have caused local environmental pollution.
- collection and full disposal of hazardous wastes from the hospitals, health care facilities in the urban area of the town and dispersed industrial facilities.
- Southern new industrial, commercial and urban sub-area.
- This sub-area is characterized by low-land marine-alluvial accumulative plain landform..
- Here are concentrated agricultural, fishery, forestry activities of tidal area, operation of the coal terminal and implementation of industrial, commercial and new urban development projects.
- sub-area are air pollution, noise, water pollution due to transport activities, construction projects and development of population areas..
- Besides, waste water treatment and rehabilitation, upgrading and construction of water supply and drainage systems are also important issues raised for this sub-area..
- It is necessary to promote integrated development of industrial and commercial areas concentrated along National roads No 10 and 18A taking into consideration the space for development of the new urban area, making use of the advantage in terms of position and privileged investment policy to help the development of the sub-area and create jobs for the local people.
- South Uong Bi agricultural, fishery and port economy lowland plain sub-area.
- This sub-area is a strip of low-lying accumulation plain of fluvio-marine genesis along the sides of Da Bac River.
- The elevation combined with strong effect of the tides led to the formation of an acidic and saline soil cover..
- Commercial agriculture should be developed on the land side of the dike and aquaculture should be developed sustainably on the river side.
- Environmental sanitation should be well carried out in the population clusters in the low-lying plain along the river sides.
- The residual limestone mountains in the low-lying plain along Hang Ma and Da Bac rivers, which form charming landscapes,.
- Greenery corridors with a width of 20 - 30m should be established along the roads to minimize the air pollution and improve the climatic condition in the area..
- A spatial organization of rational land use and environmental protection of Uong Bi Town area has been proposed on the basis of structural-functional analysis of sub-areas, with special attention paid on the economic and environmental functions..
- Based on the characteristics of natural, socio-economic conditions, the present status and trend of environmental changes, the Uong Bi area is divided into 4 groups of sub-areas consisting of 8 sub-areas: Yen Tu tourist and medium mountain forest landscape conservation sub-area, East Yen Tu - Bao Dai low mountain and hill forestry sub-area, Vang Danh coal mining sub-area, Thuong Yen Cong valley and gentle hill populated and agricultural production sub-area, Central low.
- mountain and hill forestry and ecological tourist sub-area, Central urban and industrial sub-area, Southern new industrial, commercial and urban sub-area, South Uong Bi agricultural, fishery and port economy lowland plain sub- area..
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- Truong, Study on Water Supply Planning for Uong Bi Town until 2020, VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology No