- THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. - The meaning of this category is the attitude of the speaker, or writer towards the content of the sentence. - in the form of the verb.. - There are three moods in English-the indicative mood, the imperative mood and the subjunctive mood.. - Aspect distinctions and voice distinctions are not characteristic of the imperative mood, although forms such as, be writing, be warned sometimes occur.. - The imperative mood form coincides with the plain stem of the verb, for example: Come here! Sit down. - The negative form is built by means of the auxiliary do.. - infinitive is used. - When the person addressed is denoted by a personal pronoun, it is used in the objective case. - The analytical forms differ in meaning from the synthetic forms, because their meaning is closely connected with the meaning of the pronoun included in the form. - The imperative mood is used only in imperative sentences and can't be used in questions.. - The Subjunctive Mood is also used to express an emotional attitude of the speaker to real facts. - In Modem English the Subjunctive Mood has synthetic and analytical forms. - The synthetic forms of the Subjunctive Mood can be traced to the Old English period, when the Subjunctive Mood was chiefly expressed by synthetic forms. - In Old English the Subjunctive Mood had a special set of inflections, different from those of the Indicative.. - In course of time most of the inflections were lost and the difference between the forms of the. - Subjunctive and those of the Indicative has almost disappeared. - However, in Modern English mere are a few synthetic forms of the Subjunctive which have survived. - they are as follows: the Present Subjunctive of all the verbs and the Past Subjunctive only of the verb to be.. - In the Present Subjunctive the verb to be has the form be for all the persons singular and plural, which differs from the corresponding forms of the Indicative Mood (the Present Indefinite). - In all other verbs the forms of the Present Subjunctive differ from the corresponding forms of the Indicative Mood only in the third person singular, which in the Present Subjunctive has no ending -s.. - It is also used in scientific language and in the language of official documents, where it is a living form.. - THE USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD I. - In simple sentences the synthetic forms of the Subjunctive Mood are more frequent than the analytical forms. - In simple sentences the Subjunctive Mood is used:. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in conditional sentences to express an unreal condition (in the subordinate clause) and an unreal consequence (in the principal clause).. - In sentences of unreal condition referring to the present or future the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used in the subordinate clause. - with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood. - In the principal clause we find the analytical subjunctive consisting of the mood auxiliary should or would and the Indefinite Infinitive. - Should is used with the first person singular and plural, would is used with the second and third persons singular and plural. - An unreal condition referring to the future can also be expressed by the Past Subjunctive of the verb to he + to-Infinitive of the notional verb or the analytical Subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should for all the persons. - If in the subordinate clause the mood auxiliary should is used, we often find the Indicative or Imperative Mood in the principal clause.. - In sentences of unreal condition referring to the past the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used in. - in the principal clause we find the analytical subjunctive consisting of the mood auxiliary should (with the first person) or would (with the second and third persons) and the Perfect Infinitive.. - In the first of these the condition refers to the past and the consequence refers to the present or future.. - In the second type the condition refers to no particular time and the consequence to the past.. - Would, when used in the subordinate clause of a sentence of unreal condition, is also a modal verb forming with the infinitive a compound verbal modal predicate.. - Note,— In conditional sentences of real condition naturally the Indicative and not the Subjunctive Mood is used. - Unless is used in sentences of real and unreal condition.. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in sentences expressing what may be understood as an unreal consequence, the condition of which is not expressed as such.. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of purpose. - if the principal clause refers to the past, only the form might is used.. - Occasionally the mood auxiliary should is used.. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of concession. - If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Perfect Infinitive is generally used. - Note.—The Indicative Mood is used in adverbial clauses of concession when the action or state is considered as an actual fact. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of time and place after the conjunctions whenever and wherever. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of comparison (or manner) introduced by the conjunctions as if and as though (the latter is more literary).. - If the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past. - Subjunctive of the verb to be is used. - with other verbs the same meaning is expressed by the Past Indefinite of the Indicative Mood.. - If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in predicative clauses;. - in the principal clause.. - If the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used.. - (Ъ) when the subject of the principal clause is expressed by an abstract noun such as wish, suggestion, aim, idea. - In this case the analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should For all persons is used:. - Он условился с ними, что они встретят его в Плимуте, One of the conditions was that I should go abroad. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in subject clauses after principal clause of the type It is necessary. - he analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should is used in all persons.. - It is (was) obligatory It is (was) better (best).. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses:. - (a) When the predicate of the principal clause is expressed by the verb to wish. - If the action expressed in the object clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used. - If the action expressed in the object clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Perfect of the Indicative Mood is used.. - This form is used only in sentences referring to the present or future. - it is possible only if the subject of the principal clause is not the same as the subject of the object clause. - (b) The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses introduced by the conjunction lest if in the principal clause the predicate is Expressed by a verb denoting fear.. - The mood auxiliary should is used for all persons.. - After verbs denoting fear object clauses are often introduced by the conjunction that, in which case the Indicative Mood is used often with the modal verb may (might).. - (c) The Subjunctive Mood is used in object clauses when we find verbs and word-groups denoting order, suggestion, advice, desire, etc. - in the principal clause. - The analytical subjunctive with the mood auxiliary should (for all persons) is used.. - The Subjunctive Mood is used in attributive appositive clauses modifying the nouns wish, suggestion, aim, idea, etc. - The Subjunctive Mood is also used in attributive clauses modifying the noun time in the principal clause It is time. - In this case the Past Subjunctive of the verb to be is used. - should come to the aid of the old fanner and his adopted daughter. - As has already been stated the Subjunctive Mood may be used to express an emotional attitude of the speaker to real facts. - If priority is expressed the Perfect Infinitive is used.. - In this case the Subjunctive Mood is rendered in Russian by the Indicative Mood.. - (с)- The principal clause may be of the following type: I am tarty, glad, pleased, vexed, etc. - The Subjunctive Mood with the emotional should may also oссur in such sentences as: Why should. - Ways of rendering the Subjunctive Mood in Russian.. - The Subjunctive Mood in English often corresponds to the same rnood in Russian. - sometimes the infinitive is used.. - In American English the Present Subjunctive is used not only in the above mentioned cases but also in colloquial language.. - Yates called the hospital and Insisted that one of the doctors come to the phone. - The Past Subjunctive. - In the Past Subjunctive the verb to be has the form were for all the persons singular and plural, which in the singular differs from the corresponding form of the Indicative Mood (the Past Indefinite).. - Occasionally the form was, which coincides with the form of the Indicative Mood, can be. - found in the singular. - In other types of subordinate clauses it denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed in the principal clause. - The analytical forms of the Subjunctive Mood consist of the mood auxiliaries should, would, may (might) or shall (which is seldom used) and the infinitive of the notional verb.. - In modern English the same meaning as is expressed by the Subjunctive Mood may also be. - rendered by the forms of the Indicative Mood — the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect and occasionally the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous.. - the Past Perfect denotes an unreal condition referring to the past.. - The room is so low that the head of the tallest of the visitors would touch the blackened ceiling if he stood upright.. - In other types of subordinate clauses the Past Indefinite denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed in the principal clause. - the Past Perfect denotes an action prior to that of the principal clause.. - -In some grammars these forms are considered to be the forms of the Subjunctive Mood, homonyrnous with the forms of the Indicative Mood.
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