- In the health-care system, parameters of patients such as Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), Glucose, Blood pressure, motion, etc. - There are many protocols and radio technologies provided for WBAN transmission, including Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) and IEEE . - Due to the characteristic of ultra-low power, only short-range communications are supported between ZigBee end devices and the coordinator, which leads to two disadvantages in a hospital scenario where a physician carries a mobile device to collect patient’s data, i.e., i) the mobility of patient and physician is very limited to ensure the mobile device located within the radio range of the ZigBee coordinator, and ii) the physician cannot monitor remotely patients anytime and anywhere.. - In the health care system, the patient monitoring parameters continuously in real time to help a team of nurses and doctors detected the risks that may occur irregularly of patients, since doctors have treated timely action. - In the context of a public health care area, a lot of patients wear sensors and transmit data through wireless interface to the data processing center (server).. - In addition, in the context of patients moving between care rooms, or moving outside of the hospital area, the data on the patient’s sensor must be continuously connected to the server.. - The ZigBee technology and the IEEE 802.15.4 standard are created to address the unique needs of sensors and control devices [3].. - Therefore, the ZigBee protocol was designed with reliability, cost- effectiveness, and low power consumption. - The ZigBee Alliance, a non-profit consortium of companies, is responsible for the development of the technology, which defines the network and application layers upon the IEEE 802.15.4 physical and MAC layers. - High density of nodes per network: By making use of the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY and MAC layers, ZigBee is capable of managing a large amount of devices in a network.. - 3 PAN-GATEWAY MODEL. - The OPNET Modeler simulation tool was used in this project to evaluate the performance of the ZigBee protocol and the IEEE 802.15.4 standard in PANs. - The ZigBee model suite offered in the modeler includes a discrete event simulation model to analyze the network performance of ZigBee PANs. - The object code of the application and network layers are internally provided by the model and offer source code for protocol improvement, too. - And it does include a model and the corresponding source code for the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol [7].. - PAN-gateway with three interfaces: ZigBee, WiFi and LTE.. - At the network (NWK) layer, the topology of the PAN network is configured. - Beside the star topology that naturally maps to the corresponding topology in IEEE 802.15.4, the ZigBee network layer also supports more complex topologies such as tree and a mesh structures. - The network layer is in charge of organizing and providing routing over a multi-hop network (built on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 functionalities).. - Based on the characteristics of the application layer, we can build up the gateway component from the point of view of the application profile. - To the best of my knowledge, this article is the first paper proposes data packet seamless via three wireless interfaces, that are zigbee, wifi and LTE. - In the previous studies, only wifi and 3G interfaces are considered in the healthcare system.. - Can reach Doctor’s device via Zigbee interface. - Notably, carrier operation frequency is one of the most important specifications which we should initially consider. - How much power is needed to supply to WBAN? The propagation of wireless signals in WBANs experience shadowing and fading effects of the human body. - Several more complex path-loss prediction models are available in the literature . - f 5.0 GHz 802.11a carrier frequency. - R s 6 Mbps 802.11a data rate. - However, the peak data rate of the ZigBee network is limited to 250 Kbps, the star structure will be used in most cases to achieve maximum data rate with minimum end-to-end delay. - All sensor data are collected by the ZigBee coordinator (also known as a PAN- gateway).. - At that time, the coordinator within the ZigBee coverage range only send data to Doctor to minimize the transceiver energy. - There are two schemes for Doctor’s devices: the first scheme is sensors data received via ZigBee interface directly from patients and the other scheme is data retrieved via WiFi interface from data center.. - A scheme likes that: all patients are static from the beginning of the simulation. - 6, the simulation results are clear that all coordinators auto switch from ZigBee interface to WiFi interface. - WBANs play an important role in the deployment of wearable/mobile pervasive computing systems.. - QoS in body area networks: A survey. - W., Chessa, S., Gotta, A., and Hu, Y. - Wireless sensor networks: A survey on the state of the art and the 802.15. - IEEE 802.15. - [9] Sikora, A., and Groza, V. - 15.4 with other Systems in the 2.4 GHz-ISM- Band. - [10] Maity, S., Mojabe, K., and Sen, S. - R., Hosseinzadeh, M., and Jabbehdari, S. - A Review of State-of-the-Art on Wireless Body Area Networks. - M., Sen, S., and Spatscheck, O. - In Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services (pp. - S., Kim, K., and Kim, K. - A survey on mobility support in wireless body area networks. - B., Elias, J., Chaari, L., and Kamoun, L. - Multiattribute decision making handover algorithm for wireless body area networks
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