- We determined that the JA was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen V. - Additionally, functional annotation analysis of DETs indicated that the wild apple response to the infection of V. - The co-expression network of the differentially expressed TFs revealed 264 candidate TF transcripts. - Additionally, the enriched disease resistance pathways and differentially expressed TFs dynamics collectively contributed to the immune response. - Full list of author information is available at the end of the article. - However, the area of the Wild Fruit Forest in Xinjiang was dramatically reduced partly due to the M. - mali infection through Illumina se- quencing analysis, and SA/JA signaling pathways were mainly phytohormone pathways of apple response to the pathogen [5]. - sieversii, little is known regarding the integral molecular mechanisms underlying the response to the infection of V. - Thus, when the JA response pathway is activated combined with ET, the ERFs branch of the JA response is activated. - While the MYC2 ac- tivated the independent branch of the JA response without ET [18]. - With the development of the sequencing technology, the single molecular real-time (SMRT) sequencing was developed and can overcome these limi- tations. - In the development of the stem of Populus, the SMRT sequencing comple- mented Illumina sequencing for quantifying and clarify- ing transcripts and increasing understanding about dynamic shoot development [28]. - Through the integra- tion of the PacBio sequencing and Illumina sequencing, it drastically improved the transcripts of Rice with vari- ous alternative splicing (AS), alternative polyadenylation (APA) events, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in different developmental stages and growth conditions [29]. - Thus, it is still unclear how the wild apple orches- trates the response to the infection of V. - These DETs may be related to the transcriptomic dynamics in M. - sieversii to respond to the infection.. - Clarification of the process and mechanism of Valsa canker disease response in M. - sieversii responded to the infection of V. - However, with the increase of the production of SA, the content of JA was reduced accordingly due to antagonistically regulated by the SA from 3 to 6 hpi. - Meanwhile, the content of SA was decreased at 3 hpi due to the antagonistic effect of JA. - These results imply that the JA-dependent necrotrophic resistance was in- tensively induced by the invasion of the V. - These results suggested that JA was induced ini- tially to respond to the infection of the necrotrophic pathogen V. - Sequencing of the M. - The dynamic transcriptome response to the infection of V. - The average length of the full-length non-chimeric read was 2264 bp. - The exon position was in chromosome 11 of the reference genome (Additional file 2). - The length of the lncRNA varied from 200 to 6384 bp, with the majority (54.87%) having a length ≤1000 bp, and mapped them to the chromosomes (Fig. - The expres- sion pattern analysis of the lncRNA transcripts based on PacBio transcriptome showed that a total of 277 lncRNA transcripts were significantly differentially expressed in response to the V. - A total of 2078 DEGs were the overlaps of the Illumina and PacBio tran- scriptomes. - The specificity of the Illumina and PacBio transcriptomes were separately 6733 DEGs and 6061 DETs (Additional file 8). - Distribution of the percentage transcripts with different exon numbers for reference and PacBio Iso-Seq data. - Besides, the peroxidase 51 (PER51) (MD00G1112500), which can generate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) to respond to the pathogen attack, was continually ascended from 1 to 5 dpi (Fig. - To validate the expression pattern of the transcripts in different stages of the canker disease response, we per- formed qRT-PCR experiments. - The expressions of the plant resistance (R) genes RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RNI4) (MD05G1172400), pathogenesis-related protein 1b (PR1b) (MD05G1108800), PR5 (MD08G1011900), and glutathione S-transferase 23 (GST23) (MD00G1136300) were significantly up-regulated at 5 dpi compared to 0 dpi. - Contrarily, expression levels of the heat shock pro- tein 90 (HSP90) (MD08G1011200) and WRKY70. - This independent qRT-PCR evaluation confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the Illumina se- quencing results.. - Different regulatory pathways during the response to the infection of the V. - The enriched TOP 20 KEGG pathways of the DETs were showed based on KEGG enrichment, providing transcripts of genes expression overview during the dif- ferent canker disease response stages. - Distribution of the number of poly (A) sites per gene. - To further study the enrichment pathway “plant hormone signal transduction”, the dynamic changes of phytohormone SA, JA, and ET related DETs expression were presented, during the response to the infection of V.. - 6 Scatter plot of the enriched TOP 20 KEGG pathways for the DETs during the different disease response stages. - The size and color of the dots represent the transcript numbers and the q-values, respectively. - 5 Clustering analysis of the DETs. - 1c), we determined that the SA and JA antagonistically responded to the infection of V. - Nevertheless, the dynamic expression of the key signaling genes in the ET pathway showed a similar expression pattern to that in JA. - sieversii to the infection of V. - TFs and transcription regulators (TRs) play important regulatory roles in the plant response process to the V.. - 7 Dynamic changes of phytohormone-related DETs expression during the response to the infection of V. - Heatmap of the phytohormone SA pathway. - Heatmap of the phytohormone ET pathway. - The TFs (55) of the brown module and TFs. - (74) of the blue module have decreased and increased expression from 1 dpi to 5 dpi, respectively (Fig. - Family-specific expression was observed in different stages of the canker disease response (Fig. - The PacBio sequencing unveils the complexity of the M.. - domestica canker disease response transcriptome were mainly based on RNA-Seq method [5], which provided that the chitin- receptors responded to the V. - The aver- age length of the FLNC sequences was 2264 bp, which reflected the length of the cDNA sequence in sequen- cing. - Five hundred and fourteen lncRNAs of cotton were obtained in the resist- ance to the Verticillium dahlia. - cinerea through inducing to increase expression levels of the JA positive regulators, GhLOX1 and GhLOX2 [34]. - In this work, a total of 277 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts were obtained in response to the V. - sieversii during the response to the V. - during plant adaptation to the biotic stress [35]. - sieversii during the response to the infection of V.. - The identifi- cation of the high percentage of novel isoforms of known genes in this study demonstrates that it can pro- vide a comprehensive set of isoforms in M. - PBL is an immediate down- stream component of the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (CERK1) and contributes to the regulation of chitin- induced immunity in Arabidopsis through a MAPK cas- cade [43, 44]. - The central gene of these reactions, PERs, can catalyze the production of H 2 O 2 , resulting in activation of the plant PCD [45]. - The “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum” enriched pathway in this study, could involve in the immune response to the V. - As the SA/JA hormone level measurements in our study proved that JA and SA were exactly involved in the response to the V. - siever- sii to respond to the infection of V. - sieversii to the V. - We determined that the JA production was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen V. - Subsequently, both the SA and JA level presented consistency after 24 hpi based on the reduc- tion of the JA production, which increased at 2 dpi and decreased at 5 dpi. - Besides the expressions of the ET receptor (ERS1 and ETR2) showed highly increased levels after infection. - We speculated that the ET could be ac- tively involved in the defense response to the infection of V. - It inferred that JA and ET could operate synergistically in regulating the defense-related genes to respond to the V. - Differentially expressed TFs response to the V. - In this study, the members of the Trihelix, bZIP, bHLH, MYB_related, and AP2-ERF families were in- volved in the response to the early stage the invasion of V. - AtWRKY33 also can induce the expression of the JA-regulated PDF1.2 gene to enhances resistance to the B. - sieversii to response to the infection of C. - In conclusion, we determined that JA responds positively to the necrotrophic pathogen V. - We manipulated the PacBio full-length transcriptome analysis to elaborate on the underlying mechanism of the response in wild apple.. - The long-read PacBio sequencing analysis unveils the dynamic complexity of the M. - The Illumina sequen- cing was conducted using twelve samples dpi) and the PacBio sequencing was implemented using the mixture of the samples.. - SA and JA were extracted and quantified according to the method of Liu et al. - RNA integrity was assessed by the RNA Nano 6000 Assay Kit of the Bioanalyzer 2100 system (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA).. - And then FPKM of each gene was calculated based on the length of the gene and reads count mapped to this gene. - Mapping to the reference genome and gene structure analysis. - Primers of the dis- ease resistance-related DEGs sequences (Additional file 16) were designed using Primer-BLAST (https://www.ncbi.. - The expression of the EF1a gene was used as an internal control [79]. - The expression patterns and H-clusterings of the dif- ferentially expressed lncRNAs.. - GO-term enrichments of the differentially expressed lncRNAs.. - sieversii in response to the V. - The doorway to the unexplored genomics of non-model plants. - Unveiling the complexity of the maize transcriptome by single- molecule long-read sequencing. - A survey of the sorghum transcriptome using single- molecule long reads. - The developmental dynamics of the Populus stem transcriptome. - Complexity of the alternative splicing landscape in plants. - Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. - Selective regulation of the chitin- induced defense response by the Arabidopsis receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase PBL27. - Architecture and dynamics of the jasmonic acid gene regulatory network.. - A role for the GCC-box in jasmonate-mediated activation of the PDF1.2 gene of Arabidopsis
Xem thử không khả dụng, vui lòng xem tại trang nguồn hoặc xem
Tóm tắt