- However, there are few reports on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the secondary hair follicle growth cycle in cashmere goats. - We analyzed the variation and difference in genes throughout the whole hair follicle cycle. - We then verified the regulatory mechanism of the cashmere goat secondary hair follicle growth cycle using fluorescence quantitative PCR.. - Cluster analysis of gene expression throughout the whole growth cycle further supported the key nodes of the three periods of cashmere growth, and the differential gene expression of keratin corresponding to the ground haircashmere growth cycle further. - March was considered to be the beginning of the cycle. - KAP and KRTAP showed close positive correlation with the growth cycle of secondary hair follicle cashmere growth, and their regulation was consistent with the cashmere growth cycle. - But hair follicle development-related genes are expressed earlier than cashmere growth, indicating that cycle regulation could alter the temporal growth of cashmere. - This study laid a theoretical foundation for the study of the cashmere development cycle and provided evidence for key genes during transition through the cashmere cycle. - Hair follicle growth in mammalian skin changes dynamic- ally after birth and continues in a cyclical pattern. - The cashmere comes from secondary hair follicle structures in the skin [8], and the coarse hair comes from primary hair follicles [9, 10]. - Hair follicle and hair shaft growth involve changes in the expression of genes encoding a KRT intermediate silk protein and a KRTAP [13–16]. - Human hair follicles do not have a synchronized growth pattern, with each hair follicle being independent of others [17]. - In October, hair follicle bulb cells began to enlarge, gradually aged and died, and the dermal papillae began to atrophy. - In Decem- ber, the hair follicle roots rose to the sebaceous glands, and the secondary follicle numbers reached their lowest level (Fig. - 1l), This state was maintained until February of the following year. - Differential gene expression analysis. - These results showed that the expression of genes was initially up- regulated or down-regulated during the initiation of sec- ondary hair follicle growth. - Along with advancement in hair follicle initiation, the number of down-regulated genes began to decrease, and the number of up- regulated genes continued to increase. - After completion of the initiation process, the gene changes tended to be stable. - The results further showed that hair follicle de- velopment was initiated by a combination of up- regulation and down-regulation of genes in the early stage of initiation, and that gene expression returned to. - From August to February of the following year, secondary hair follicle gene expression changed significantly from quiescence to degeneration. - Hair follicles began to be produced in March, cashmeres began to be produce in June, Cashmere visible outside the epidermis in July, and hair follicle structure began to decline in December. - Table 2 The result of the high quality raw data. - In cellular component, most of the transcripts were transcribed to cell and cell part.. - In molecular function, most of the transcripts were tran- scribed to binding. - It is speculated that during the hair fol- licle cycle, the changes of gene expression led to changes in the number and state of cells in hair follicles, which further led to the occurrence or shedding of secondary hair follicle.. - The sample LZH3 was isolated because of the great changes in gene expression of the follicle promoter. - Samples LZH2–LZH7 were considered to be the initiation process of hair follicle growth. - Gene expression remained. - this was considered to be the resting period of hair follicle development. - Combined with pre- vious studies in this manuscript, we found that there were several critical periods in the division of the sec- ondary hair follicle cycle. - March is considered the key point for initiation of the hair follicle cycle. - December is the key point for the end of hair follicle recession and the beginning of the rest period, These three critical periods were determined by key sig- nals in hair follicle and cashmere growth.. - Results showed that gene expression patterns related to. - The results further sup- ported the previous finding that the hair follicle cycle was initiated in March, entered the regression stage in September, and entered the end stage in December.. - However, transition through the hair follicle cycle can- not be visualized through skin histology, because the cycle initiation precedes cashmere growth, and there is a causal relationship between them. - 4 Cluster diagram of the growth cycle of cashmere. - Secondly, the expres- sion of genes increased which related to hair follicle development (Fig. - 5b, LZH6), and the expression of genes related to controlling cashmere growth increased (Fig. - The results showed that KAP 3–1 was expressed in the skin at different stages of the year, its expression was significantly different (P <. - It was found that expression of the KAP3–1 gene in the growth phase was significantly higher than that in either the rest or regression phases.. - 7b) genes in Inner Mongolian cashmere goat skin showed periodic variation, which was consistent with the hair follicle development cycle. - Therefore, it is important to study the changes in cashmere goat hair follicles and the differential expres- sion of their regulatory genes to improve the production and thus the economic value of cashmere goats.. - Secondary hair follicle development of cashmere goats is a cyclical process [30]. - In August and September, most of the cashmeres continued to lengthen above the skin. - At this time, most of the statis- tical values of follicle characteristics reached an annual maximum, which indicated the peak period of cashmere growth. - From October, hair follicle globular cells began to degenerate and die, and hair papilla cells began to at- rophy. - At this time, the statistical values of hair follicle morphological data began to decline. - In December, the root of hair follicles rose to the vicinity of the sebaceous gland, and the statistical values of hair follicles reached their lowest level for the whole year, and remained there until February of the following year. - Through NCBI database, we found that many of these genes are related to hair follicle development. - Transcriptome sequencing can guide us to study the direction of the hair follicle cycle using gene expression. - However, we observed the phenotypic characteristics of hair follicles using tissue sections, and initially explored the expres- sion regularity of the hair follicle cycle and the differ- ences of hair follicle characteristics in different periods.. - This reverse validation was used to ensure the accuracy of phenotypic traits and gene expression patterns, more accurately locating and studying those genes related to the hair follicle growth cycle. - The results of transcrip- tome sequencing showed that there were significant changes in gene expression in March compared with February: gene expression increased, and the number of differentially expressed genes increased. - These two re- sults verified each other and suggested that March was the start of the secondary hair follicle cycle. - gene changes were obvious in Sep- tember, which indicated this was the end of the cash- mere growth cycle and the beginning of degeneration.. - The number of hair follicles in the degenerative period lasted until December, and then the number of second- ary hair follicles remained unchanged from December to early March of the following year, that is, the period of the end of the cashmere growth cycle. - At present, there are many comparative studies examining differential gene expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cashmere goats, mainly focusing on the role of differential genes produced by DEGs in gene expres- sion, such as the role of the HOX13 gene in cashmere growth, but few studies examining cycle division have been reported. - In this paper, the occurrence and decline of cashmere hair were accurately divided according to its development, which was helpful to study the hair follicle cycle in cashmere research.. - It is well known that the growth of cashmere is regulated by the development of hair folli- cles and the genes and signaling pathways that change in the early stage. - That is to say, the time when the gene changes is earlier than the time when the villi on the surface of the body changes. - Although this could not give a better explanation of the variation of differential genes, it was a more obvious way to determine the critical time points of cashmere cycle change.. - KRT and KRTAPs together make up nearly 90% of the cashmere yield [38–40], demonstrating indirectly that the composition and interactions of these proteins play an important role in cashmere quality [41 – 43]. - Most of the genes identified by transcript sequencing of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats were members of the KRT and KRTAP gene families, which indicated that the expression of KRTAPs directly affected the growth of hair follicles and cashmere-related traits.. - Thus, the cycle of hair follicle growth is correlated with a variation in gene expression, and the complex regulates the cycle of hair follicle growth [45]. - In addition, there was a sharp fluctuation in the expression of genes during telogen and anagen. - March was consid- ered to be the beginning of the cycle. - However, their expression time was different, in- dicating that regulation of hair follicle made the change of cashmere growth. - All animal experiments were performed in ac- cordance with the “Guidelines for Experimental Animals” of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China). - All surgery was performed according to recommendations proposed by the European Commis- sion (1997) and was approved by the experimental ani- mal ethics committee of the Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. - The samples were collected from the middle part of the scap- ula at 10–15 cm in the Department of Surgery, and the experimental animals treated the skin with drugs after sampling, which did not affect the normal growth of the animals, and were not sacrificed. - The ends of the double-stranded cDNA fragments were blunted, and the double-stranded cDNAs were phosphorylated to li- gate the sequencing adapters and poly (A) tail, and the sizes of the cDNA recovered were confirmed to be 200–. - Paired-end sequencing of the cDNA was conducted by using an Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 sequencing platform.. - expressed genes/transcripts, and R software was used to calculate the relative expression levels of the genes.. - Yanhong Zhao and Jinquan Li provided the test platform, whereas as co-first authors of this article, Zhihong Liu and Feng Yang helped in designing and conducting the experiments and the analysis, evaluation, and interpretation of the results.. - FY, QM, YC, and MZ made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the experiments. - The funding bodies played no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.. - The DNA sequence of the Capra hircus KRTAP3–1, KRTAP8–1, KRTAP24–1 genes, obtained from NCBI/GENE (NCBI Reference Sequence is NC_030826.1, NC_000021.9, NC was compared against that of NCBI/BLAST.. - All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the “ Guidelines for Experimental Animals ” of the Ministry of Science and Technology (Beijing, China). - Hair follicle development and related gene and protein expression of skins in rex rabbits during the first 8 weeks of life. - Molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle development. - Unraveling the secret life of the hair follicle:. - Leptin controls hair follicle cycling. - Transcriptome sequencing reveals differences between primary and secondary hair follicle-derived dermal papilla cells of the cashmere goat (Capra hircus). - The structure of the COPI coat determined within the cell. - Determination of the depth of excision using a dermatome (Aesculap) to export all hair follicle bulbs from a donor site in the dog. - Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling. - hKAP1.6 and hKAP1.7, two novel human high sulfur keratin-associated proteins are expressed in the hair follicle cortex. - Characterization and expression analysis of the hair keratin associated protein KAP26.1. - Melatonin regulating the expression of miRNAs involved in hair follicle cycle of cashmere goats skin. - Biology of the eyelash hair follicle: an enigma in plain sight. - Skin transcriptome reveals the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying hair follicle cycling in cashmere goats under natural and shortened photoperiod conditions. - Planar cell polarity- dependent and independent functions in the emergence of tissue-scale hair follicle patterns. - Epidermal stem cells and skin tissue engineering in hair follicle regeneration. - re-defining telogen, the maintenance stage of the hair growth cycle. - Expression of vimentin in hair follicle growth cycle of inner Mongolian cashmere goats. - Exploring differentially expressed genes by RNA- Seq in cashmere goat (Capra hircus) skin during hair follicle development and cycling. - Expression of fox-related genes in the skin follicles of Inner Mongolia cashmere goat. - Integrated analysis of coding genes and non-coding RNAs during hair follicle cycle of cashmere goat (Capra hircus). - Post-transcriptional regulation of keratinocyte progenitor cell expansion, differentiation and hair follicle regression by miR-22
Xem thử không khả dụng, vui lòng xem tại trang nguồn hoặc xem
Tóm tắt