- bonariensis to Cd stress was investigated in four aspects: germination, development, physiological changes, and molecular alterations. - bonariensis under Cd stress. - 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. - The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.. - The RNA-Seq platform was used for the detection of plants under Cd stress. - alfredii Hance shoots than that in non-hyperaccumulating ecotype shoots under exposing Cd stress. - under Cd stress. - 2a, the minimum bioaccumu- lation factor (BCF) (at the root of the plant) was in pro- portion to duration and concentration of Cd stress. - bonariensis under 100 mg/kg cd stress. - The superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), cata- lase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were elevated in leaves while decreased in roots under Cd stress (Fig. - 1 Enrichment of Cd in plants. - a bioaccumulation factor of Cd in roots. - b translocation factor of Cd in Verbena bonariensis. - In ‘Photosynthesis-antenna. - 3 Effects of Cd stress on external morphology and active oxygen metabolism in Verbena bonariensis. - bonariensis under differential cd stress. - Under Cd stress the roots elongation was severer inhibited than in the aboveground part of V.. - 6 Effects of Cd on physiological indexes of Verbena bonariensis. - a The changes of leaves under Cd stress. - b The changes of roots under Cd stress. - 7 Effects of photosynthesis under Cd stress in Verbena bonariensis leaves. - bonariensis elevated the resistance to Cd stress.. - one was that the certain amount of Cd in the leaves. - The above speculation was supported by the decrease of chlorophyll Table 2 The top-15 significant enriched GO terms involving DEGs under Cd stress. - Table 3 The top-ten significant enriched KEGG pathways involving DEGs under Cd stress. - nigrum, Cd stress over 25 mg/kg inhibited the growth of S.nigrum and de- creased its biomass (Additional file 1: Figure S1) [27].. - Effects of cd stress on cell wall and cell membrane of V.. - The content of lignin under Cd stress was significantly higher than that of the control. - bonariensis might be reinforced and substantial Cd 2+ in soil be absorbed under Cd stress.. - bonariensis was demon- strated by the significant elevation of MDA in leaves and roots under Cd stress.. - Effects of cd stress on ROS scavenging system in V.. - When antioxidant en- zyme activities in the root were hampered, the very ac- tivities in leaves continued coping with Cd stress. - The result showed that the oxidative reactions might be activated in response to Cd stress. - Effects of cd stress on chelating reaction in V. - Cd stress resulted in a significant increase in the content of some amino acids, which might be a plant specific genetic trait. - Similarly, the amount of PRO in leaves was higher than that in roots of Bacopamonnieri under Cd stress [41].. - Effects of cd stress on secondary metabolites of V.. - The synthe- sis efficiency of flavonoids could be improved by the ac- tivation of peroxidase under Cd stress [50]. - bonariensis resist the damage of Cd stress.. - In Lupinus luteus L., the phenylpropa- noid pathway metabolites elevated Pb tolerance in its roots [54]. - Occupied the third place in up-regulated pathway, the ‘Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ was essen- tial under Cd stress in V. - Effects of cd stress on transpiration and photosynthesis in V. - The results illustrated that under Cd stress photosyn- thesis in V. - Most of the DEGs associated with the ‘Photosynthesis’ were down regulated, indicating that Cd stress arose disorders in photosynthetic responses. - bonariensis under Cd stress.. - bonariensis in response to Cd stress was firstly obtained, V. - bonariensis under Cd stress were understood by tran- scriptional data. - The robust plants with health growth were selected for soil Cd stress treatment. - The concentration of Cd in the experimental group was 100 mg/kg. - Determination of cd in plants and soils. - Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.. - https://doi.org/10.1007/. - 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